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PHC & Rural Health Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

The document discusses primary health care (PHC) and rural health. It defines the essential components of a PHC program as health education, food and nutrition promotion, water and sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, disease prevention and control, and essential drug provision. Constraints in PHC include lack of resources and infrastructure. The structure and functions of a basic health unit (BHU) are described, including its staff, building layout, and services provided. The differences between comprehensive and selective health care and between primary and secondary levels of prevention are briefly outlined. The Alma-Ata declaration which expressed the need for urgent global action on PHC to achieve health for all is summarized.

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Hasnat Hussain
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227 views4 pages

PHC & Rural Health Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

The document discusses primary health care (PHC) and rural health. It defines the essential components of a PHC program as health education, food and nutrition promotion, water and sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, disease prevention and control, and essential drug provision. Constraints in PHC include lack of resources and infrastructure. The structure and functions of a basic health unit (BHU) are described, including its staff, building layout, and services provided. The differences between comprehensive and selective health care and between primary and secondary levels of prevention are briefly outlined. The Alma-Ata declaration which expressed the need for urgent global action on PHC to achieve health for all is summarized.

Uploaded by

Hasnat Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHC & Rural Health | Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

PHC & Rural Health


Q.1) PHC approach is essential for achieving an
acceptable level of health throughout the world as an
integral part of social development in the spirit of social
justice.
(a) What are the essential components/elements of a
PHC program?
(b) Briefly describe the constraints in PHC.
ANS:
Essential components/elements of a PHC program:
1. Education about prevailing health problems and methods of
preventing and controlling them.
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. Adequate supply of safe water and sanitation
4. Maternal and child health care, family planning
5. Immunization against major infectious diseases
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
7. Adequate treatment of common diseases and injuries
8. Provision of essential drugs
Constraints in PHC:

Q.2) What is the structure and function of a BHU?


ANS:
Structure:
Consists of a BHU building and staff.
Each UC has one BHU which covers a population of 5000-10000
persons and an area of 20-40 km (radius).
5-10 BHUs are linked to RHC.
Staff at BHU;
(i)

Stationary staff
Stays at the BHU and the patients come to them.
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PHC & Rural Health | Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

(ii)

E.g. medical officer, LHV, dispenser, dai etc.


Outreach staff
Go out to work in the community.
E.g. CDC supervisor
Inspector
Vaccinator

Building of BHU;

Room for MO and LHV


Room for sanitary inspector
Dispensary
Waiting room
Store
Ward (2 beds)
Room for examination of pregnant women

Functions:
1. Maternal and child health services
2. Outreach services to pregnant mothers in the community
3. Promotion and implementation of family planning
4. Advice on food and nutrition
5. Immunization
6. Maintenance of proper sanitation
7. Health education
8. Diarrheal diseases control
9. Malaria control
10.
Community diseases control program (CDCP)
11.
Acute respiratory infections control program

Q.3) Briefly differentiate b/w comprehensive health care


and selective health care.
Difference b/w comprehensive health care and selective health care:

PHC & Rural Health | Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

Q.4) Briefly differentiate b/w primary and secondary level


of prevention.
ANS:
Differences b/w primary and secondary level of prevention:
Primary Prevention
Applied before the onset of the
disease.
Applied in the pre-pathogenesis
phase.
Achieved by; (i) health promotion
(ii) Specific protection.
Prevents the disease by not
letting it to occur.
Less expensive.

Secondary Prevention
Applied when the disease has
already started.
Applied in the pathogenesis phase.
Achieved by; (i) Early diagnosis (ii)
Early treatment.
Arrests the disease in the early
phase. Prevents its progression.
More expensive.
Less effective.

More effective.

Q.5) What is Alma-Ata declaration?


ANS:
Alma-Ata Declaration:
The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted at the International
Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC), Alma-Ata), Kazakhstan, 612 September 1978.
It expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all
health and development workers, and the world community to
protect and promote the health of all people.
It was the first international declaration highlighting the importance
of primary health care.
Due to this declaration, all the members of WHO have now accepted
that PHC is the key to the goal Health for All.

Prepared By: Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)


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PHC & Rural Health | Hasnat Hussain (Reus-11)

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