Chanakya Issue X Volume I
Chanakya Issue X Volume I
Marg Ltd
Chanakya
Docking Up Ports
Indian ports are not designed to handle this. As
they are getting choked, a wave of fresh
This Issue investments has raised a flicker of hope. Corporate
‐ both Indian and foreign – have shown an
Docking Up Ports - unprecedented interest in port investments in the
1 last five years. As is the nature of the business, the
investments are huge.
Opportunities
Galore in
Infrastructure – Investment of $22 billion within the next five years
2 is being projected by the government to build,
expand and modernise sea ports with locally
Real Estate
generated resources. A research by the Singapore
Investment Trust in
India -
based Neptune Orient Lines and London‐
3 headquartered Drewry Shipping Consultants
indicated that India has the potential to double its
Economic Ounce container capacity at ports from 73.48 million
Team India - tonne in 2007 to 152 million tonne in 2012. And
Only Rs.7825 crores investment has come into ports
4
sector till date from 1996, the first time the Indian port while the first privatized projects are now
sector was privatized. But an unprecedented commissioned, investment queries are pouring in.
There were 11‐13 bidders for the Mumbai berth,
investment rush by corporate, Indian and foreign, is set
11 for Chennai and 13 bids received for the Kandla
to bring Rs 60,000 crore in the next 5 years. What
port. The Chinese companies such as Hutchison
makes Indian ports an attractive business?
and Evergreen whose bids were not being
India’s ports are rapidly becoming the world’s business. processed for security reasons, have now been
As Asia increasingly gains ground as the world’s trading cleared to bid for ports privatization.
powerhouse, India, growing at a rate faster than all,
but one ‐ is beginning to get rapt attention. Just modernizing the 12 major and 184 private
ports will cost an estimated Rs.50,000‐60,000
Just 10 container ports in Asia, including Singapore, crore. But the investment euphoria is so
Malaysia and Dubai, now handle over 40% of world overpowering that even though the government
traffic. Of the total volume of containerized cargo has a provision of gap funding in ports where funds
Story Title movement globally, over 50% is from Asia. Five Asian are a constraint, only the Kerala government has so
1 ports handle 23% of global container traffic. Statistics far sought gap funding for the Vizangham port. A
Story Title clear indication that large funds and resources are
show that 26% of global containerized trade is intra‐
1 Asia. As opposed to the growth of 3.5‐4% in global now chasing few projects.
Story Title
trade, India has been registering a 10.4% growth in Remarkable Returns
2
containerized cargo and a 6% growth in bulk cargo.
Story Title
India’s 73.48 million tons of container cargo in 2006‐07 High demand for cargo handling facilities is not the
2
still accounts for just 1% of the world cargo and 5‐6% in only reason why there is a beeline for port
Asia. In the past five years manufacturing exports from investments. The key reason is the remarkable
India have increased at a compounded annual growth return on investments, higher than a lot of other
rate of 14%. Ores and minerals exports have increased corporate activities. According to SBI Caps, return
4.5 times in last 5 years.
on equity is arou
o und 20‐22% for tthe port projectss
with the payback
w k period is 12‐133 year. The free
trade allowed in
t the WTO scenario which has led
to growth and su
t upply in the sub‐‐continent has leed
to huge volumes
t s which take caree of the returns.. At
20‐22% return o
2 n equity, against bank rates of
between 6‐7%, I
b ndian ports are attracting the best
port developers
p worldwide who have partnered d
with national pla
w ayers such as thee Adani group,
Larsen & Toubro
L o, Sical and Tata Steel to develop p
berths and servic
b ces at Indian ports on a 30‐year
lease on Build‐Own‐Transfer bassis.
Indian ports are the darling of th he international
investors and it iis likely to remaiin so for the nexxt
decade.
d
Opport
tunitie
es Galoore
In Inf
frastru
ucture
An estimated $500 b billion of infrastrructure
Infrastructure (or the lack thereeof!) is probablyy the invesstments are plan nned over the neext five years.
biggest issue th hat affects the ecconomy as a whole Power infrastructuree is significantly deficient and
as well as the dday‐to‐day life off the common m man. shou uld see tremendo ous investmentss, with business
Power cuts, water shortages an nd traffic snarls aare flowing to construction companies, power
now considered d the norm in India. It is estimatted equipment providers as well as transmission/
that inadequatee infrastructure is responsible fo or distrribution players.
holding back GD DP growth by rooughly 2% pointss, or
an annual hit off approximately $20 billion to Such h a large outlay is dependent on strong
economic progress. partiicipation from thhe private sector (in the form
of puublic private parrtnerships), whicch is expected
In contrast, infrrastructure is on
ne of the reasonss to acccount for 25‐30 0% of the planneed spend of
why China enjo oys 10+% GDP grrowths. China sp pends $500 0 billion. Assuming 70% debt financing, we
five times as much on infrastructure compared d to arrivve at an estimateed $40‐45 billion n of equity
India. Ports in CChina handle 5.66 billion tons of ccargo capittal required fromm private infrasttructure
compared to In ndia’s 650 millionn tons. Chinese deveelopers over the next five years, who will need
industries pay less than half of what their Indiaan to acccess multiple avvenues to raise ccapital,
counterparts paay for power. Lo ogistics costs in India incluuding private equ uity funds and th he capital
are among the highest in the w world at 13% of G GDP. markkets.
It is no surprisee then that Indian companies find it
hard to compette with China in large‐scale In fact, several dediccated infrastructture funds have
manufacturing.. been n created to capitalize on this veery opportunity.
Aparrt from the high growth potentiaal (companies
The benefits of infrastructure n need no elaboration. havee shown 30+% grrowth in recent years and are
Put simply, infrastructure reduces the cost of d doing expeected to continue the trend), inffrastructure
business, thereby expanding trade. The impactt can assetts are in demand d as they offer sstable cash
be felt even at tthe grassroots leevel. For example, a flows and are consid dered less suscep ptible to
farmer who useed to be depend dent on the nearrest econ nomic downturns, thereby providing useful
market to sell h his produce (for lack of informattion diverrsification vis‐à‐vvis equities.
and transportattion), can now aascertain the
prevailing pricees in multiple maarkets and accesss the Infraastructure investtments have alw ways led to
one that offers the best price. C Credit should go o to masssive growth in ecconomy and witth this kind of
the telecom revvolution as well as recent invesstment India is ppoised for a majo or reaching the
improvements in the road transportation netw work. commanding heights that she rightfully deserves.
Real Estate Investment
Trust in India
The Real estate sector grapples with high transaction
From big corporate builders to the neighborhood costs, lack of transparency and fragmented
builder, real estate usually spells RICH. So how can developers. But the recent events signal that the
small and medium sized investors thrive in this `high sector could be poised for rapid growth mainly due to
return' industry without getting their hands dirty in the unstinted demand from the economically
cement and mortar? The answer perhaps lies in four empowered consumers.
words, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) for which According to the same report, real estate returns in
SEBI recently cleared the deck. India are estimated at 12‐14 per cent annually with an
A REIT is a security, much like stocks. They usually sell upsurge in commercial real estate owing to the BPO
on the major exchanges and invest in real estate boom. Lease rentals are picking up steadily and there
directly, either through properties or mortgages. In is demand for quality infrastructure. Further, a
many countries, REITs receive special tax benefits. significant rise in demand is likely as the outsourcing
They add to the high yields as well as liquidity and a boom moves into the manufacturing sector. The
good candidate for attractive investment proposition. housing sector has been growing at about 34 per cent
annually, while the hospitality industry witnessed 10‐
There are different kinds of REITs.
15 per cent growth last year. The scene is just right for
Equity REITs own properties and their revenues come REITs to deliver attractive returns. However,
principally from rents. regulatory hurdles have prevented market players
from introducing REITs in India. With the decks now
Mortgage REITs lend mortgage money to real estate
cleared by the SEBI this will guide the market to some
owners or buy existing mortgages and mortgage‐
methods and will help grow the market further.
backed securities. Their revenue is mainly the interest
earned earn on the mortgage loans. Some Salient Features of the Policy are:
Hybrid REITs invest in both properties and mortgages. The REITs will help meet the capital needs of the real
These are said to be lower in risk as the mixed estate sector and also allow investors to participate in
portfolio cushions market ups and downs. the real estate growth opportunity. The trust and
management company must have a net worth of not
So what makes REITs investment different from other
less than Rs 5 crore. The trustees can be a bank, trust
paper‐based investments?
company of scheduled bank, public financial
The advantages are many. First, transactions are institution, insurance company or a body corporate.
transparent and returns are disbursed regularly to the
All the schemes offered by the REITs will be close‐
investor. Second, higher safety compared to mutual
ended, which will be compulsorily listed. The Net
funds, equity and other unsecured investments. Third,
Asset Value (NAV) of these schemes will be disclosed
prices are not volatile. REIT can fall in value only
preferably on a yearly basis which will be based on the
marginally because the intrinsic worth of the property
valuation report prepared by the principal valuer.
is unlikely to ever go down. Market forces alone and
not weak fundamentals can impact value. Direct The contract value of real estate must not exceed 20%
investment in property is vulnerable to builder of the NAV in case of uncompleted units in building or
defaults — either deliberate or due to inadequate units which are being developed substantially.
finance. However, the regulator has proposed not to allow
investments in vacant land. A trust under all its
World over, next to pure equity, REITs yield the most
schemes shall not have exposure of more than 15% of
returns (more than gold). Sometimes the returns have
any single real estate project.
exceeded equity; for example, in 2000 when Standard
and Poor's 500 stock index lost 9.1 per cent, REITs Similarly, any trust, under all its schemes, shall not
gained 21.89 per cent. have exposure to more than 25% of all the real estate
projects developed, marketed, owned or financed by a
In India the real estate market is reportedly growing
group of companies.
30 per cent annually. DSP Merrill Lynch report
suggests that real estate could grow from $12 billion With the entry of REITs the game would be getting
to $45‐50 billion in five years. bigger with more players in the market.
Economic Ounce
Indicators Dec 07 Nov 07
Bank Credit
Deposits
23.5%
26.7%
22.47%
26.8%
Marg Ltd
Money Supply 23.8% 21.8%
The money supply in the system is increasing and the
RBI is really concerned with the management of the
trinity. Inflation is not a cause of concern at this point
but still the increase in money supply and decrease in
the value of US dollar and increased bank credit and a
stable deposit growth are all making RBI nervous and
may force it to further increase the CRR by another 50
basis points.
In that case the banks will be left with no option to
increase the PLR. The increase in the house loan
interest can also be expected with the increase in PLR
and an attempt by some major banks like the SBI or
the ICICI. This may cause the overall increase in the
house loan rates which will further reduce the
demand for the real estate products and general
deceleration in the housing off take.
Any respite, if there are any, may be expected after
the budgets as the general tax collection of the
Government has already exceeded the budgetary
target by 12% on all forms of tax, direct and indirect
taxes. This may enable the long awaited reduction in
the tax rates there by enabling more money float in
the market.
This step by the government may still increase the
inflation but by that time the Real Estate Market
would have lost enough of its flesh.