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Capacitance Example - ACSR - Etc

This document discusses the calculation of per phase capacitance and susceptance of a balanced 3-phase transmission line. It provides the equations and steps to calculate the capacitance of the line given the conductor geometry and spacing. It also discusses additional transmission line parameters such as resistance, inductance and the use of ACSR conductor data tables to determine these values based on the conductor type and spacing. The document concludes with additional topics for transmission lines including the differences between overhead lines, cables, and DC transmission lines.

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Frew Frew
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441 views14 pages

Capacitance Example - ACSR - Etc

This document discusses the calculation of per phase capacitance and susceptance of a balanced 3-phase transmission line. It provides the equations and steps to calculate the capacitance of the line given the conductor geometry and spacing. It also discusses additional transmission line parameters such as resistance, inductance and the use of ACSR conductor data tables to determine these values based on the conductor type and spacing. The document concludes with additional topics for transmission lines including the differences between overhead lines, cables, and DC transmission lines.

Uploaded by

Frew Frew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculate the per phase capacitance and

susceptance of a balanced 3 phases, 60 Hz,


transmission line with horizontal phase spacing of
10m using three conductor bundling with a
spacing between conductors in the bundle of 0.3m.
Assume the line is uniformly transposed and the
conductors have a 1cm radius.

Line Capacitance Example

Dm

Xc

1
(10 10 20) 3

= 0.0963 m

= 2.33 108 W-m (not W / m)

2p 8.854 10-12
=
= 1.141 10-11 F/m
12.6
ln
0.0963
1
1
=
=
-11
wC
2p 60 1.141 10 F/m

= 12.6 m

1
(0.01 0.3 0.3) 3

Rbc

Line Capacitance Example, contd

Aluminum
strands on
outside

Steel strand core

Typical transmission lines use multi-strand


conductors
ACSR (aluminum conductor steel reinforced)
conductors are most common. A typical Aluminum
to Steel ratio is about 4 to 1.

Line Conductors

Total conductor area is given in circular mils.


Example: what is the the area of a solid, 1 diameter
circular wire?
Answer: 1000 kcmil (kilo circular mils)
Because conductors are stranded, the equivalent
radius must be provided by the manufacturer. In
tables this value is known as the GMR and is usually
expressed in feet.

Line Conductors, contd

where r is the resistivity

m
2.65 10-8 -m
W
R =
1609
= 0.084
2
mile
mile
p 0.0127m

Resistivity of Aluminum = 2.65 10-8 -m


Example: What is the resistance in / mile of a
1" diameter solid aluminum wire (at dc)?

A
Resistivity of Copper = 1.68 10-8 -m

R =

Line resistance per unit length is given by

Line Resistance

Because ac current tends to flow towards the


surface of a conductor, the resistance of a line at 60
Hz is slightly higher than at dc.
Resistivity and hence line resistance increase as
conductor temperature increases (changes is about
8% between 25 C and 50 C)
Because ACSR conductors are stranded, actual
resistance, inductance and capacitance needs to be
determined from tables.

Line Resistance, contd

GMR is equivalent to r Inductance and Capacitance


assume a Dm of 1 ft.

ACSR Table Data (Similar to Table A.4)

Term from table assuming


a one foot spacing

-7

Term independent
of conductor with
Dm in feet.

Dm
X L = 2p f L = 4p f 10 ln
1609 W/mile
GMR
1

-3
= 2.02 10 f ln
+ ln Dm
GMR

1
-3
= 2.02 10 f ln
+ 2.02 10-3 f ln Dm
GMR

ACSR Data, contd

To use the phase to neutral capacitance from table


2pe 0
1
XC =
W-m where C =
Dm
2p f C
ln
r
Dm
1
6
=
1.779 10 ln
W-mile (table is in MW-mile)
f
r
1
1 1
=
1.779 ln + 1.779 ln Dm MW-mile
f
r f
Term independent
Term from table assuming
of conductor with
a one foot spacing
Dm in feet.

ACSR Data, Cont.

For the capacitance


1
1
6
X C = 1.779 10 ln = 9.65 104 -mile
f
r

GMR = 0.0313 feet


Outside Diameter = 0.07725 feet (radius = 0.03863)
Assuming a one foot spacing at 60 Hz
1
-7
X a = 2p 60 2 10 1609 ln
/mile
0.0313
X a = 0.420 /mile, which matches the table

Dove Example

inductance is lower
capacitance is higher, limiting cable length

Multi-circuit lines: Multiple lines often share a


common transmission right-of-way. This DOES
cause mutual inductance and capacitance, but is often
ignored in system analysis.
Cables: There are about 3000 miles of underground
ac cables in U.S. Cables are primarily used in urban
areas. In a cable the conductors are tightly spaced, (<
1ft) with oil impregnated paper commonly used to
provide insulation

Additional Transmission Topics

Ground wires: Transmission lines are usually


protected from lightning strikes with a ground wire.
This topmost wire (or wires) helps to attenuate the
transient voltages/currents that arise during a lighting
strike. The ground wire is typically grounded at each
pole.
Corona discharge: Due to high electric fields around
lines, the air molecules become ionized. This causes
a crackling sound and may cause the line to glow!

Additional Transmission Topics

long distance overhead power transfer (> 400 miles)


long cable power transfer such as underwater
providing an asynchronous means of joining different
power systems (such as the Eastern and Western grids).

Shunt conductance: Usually ignored. A small


current may flow through contaminants on insulators.
DC Transmission: Because of the large fixed cost
necessary to convert ac to dc and then back to ac, dc
transmission is only practical for several specialized
applications

Additional Transmission topics

Source: Tom Ernst, Minnesota Power

+/- 400 kV HVDC lattice tower

DC Transmission Line

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