Psat NMSQT Practice Test 1 PDF

2015 Practice Test #1
Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test
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1
Reading Test
60 M I NU TES, 4 7 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma, originally

published in 1815.
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Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich,

with a comfortable home and happy disposition,
seemed to unite some of the best blessings of
existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in
the world with very little to distress or vex her.
She was the youngest of the two daughters of a
most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in
consequence of her sisters marriage, been mistress of
his house from a very early period. Her mother had
died too long ago for her to have more than an
indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her
place had been supplied by an excellent woman as
governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in
affection.
Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in
Mr. Woodhouses family, less as a governess than a
friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly
of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of
sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold
the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her
temper had hardly allowed her to impose any
restraint; and the shadow of authority being now
long passed away, they had been living together as
friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma
doing just what she liked; highly esteeming
Miss Taylors judgment, but directed chiefly by
her own.
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.
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Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage.
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The real evils indeed of Emmas situation were the

power of having rather too much her own way, and a
disposition to think a little too well of herself; these
were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her
many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at
present so unperceived, that they did not by any
means rank as misfortunes with her.
Sorrow camea gentle sorrowbut not at
all in the shape of any disagreeable
consciousness.Miss Taylor married. It was
Miss Taylors loss which first brought grief. It was on
the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma
first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.
The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her
father and herself were left to dine together, with no
prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her
father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as
usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what
she had lost.
The event had every promise of happiness for her
friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable
character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant
manners; and there was some satisfaction in
considering with what self-denying, generous
friendship she had always wished and promoted the
match; but it was a black mornings work for her.
The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of
every day. She recalled her past kindnessthe
kindness, the affection of sixteen yearshow she had
taught and how she had played with her from five
years oldhow she had devoted all her powers to
attach and amuse her in healthand how nursed her
through the various illnesses of childhood. A large
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debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse

of the last seven years, the equal footing and perfect
unreserve which had soon followed Isabellas
marriage on their being left to each other, was yet a
dearer, tenderer recollection. It had been a friend and
companion such as few possessed, intelligent,
well-informed, useful, gentle, knowing all the ways of
the family, interested in all its concerns, and
peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure,
every scheme of hers;one to whom she could
speak every thought as it arose, and who had such an
affection for her as could never find fault.
How was she to bear the change?It was true that
her friend was going only half a mile from them; but
Emma was aware that great must be the difference
between a Mrs. Weston only half a mile from them,
and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her
advantages, natural and domestic, she was now in
great danger of suffering from intellectual solitude.
She dearly loved her father, but he was no
companion for her. He could not meet her in
conversation, rational or playful.
The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and
Mr. Woodhouse had not married early) was much
increased by his constitution and habits; for having
been a valetudinarian* all his life, without activity of
mind or body, he was a much older man in ways
than in years; and though everywhere beloved for the
friendliness of his heart and his amiable temper, his
talents could not have recommended him at
any time.
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65
* a person in weak health who is overly concerned with his or her

ailments
1
The main purpose of the passage is to
A) describe a main character and a significant
change in her life.
B) provide an overview of a family and a nearby
neighbor.
C) discuss some regrettable personality flaws in a
main character.
D) explain the relationship between a main
character and her father.
2
Which choice best summarizes the first
two paragraphs of the passage (lines 1-14)?
A) Even though a character loses a parent at an
early age, she is happily raised in a loving home.
B) An affectionate governess helps a character to
overcome the loss of her mother, despite the
indifference of her father.
C) Largely as a result of her fathers wealth and
affection, a character leads a contented life.
D) A character has a generally comfortable and
fulfilling life, but then she must recover from
losing her mother.
3
The narrator indicates that the particular nature of
Emmas upbringing resulted in her being
A) despondent.
B) self-satisfied.
C) friendless.
D) inconsiderate.
4
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 1-5 (Emma . . . her)
B) Lines 9-14 (Her . . . affection)
C) Lines 28-32 (The real . . . enjoyments)
D) Lines 32-34 (The danger . . . her)
5
As used in line 26, directed most nearly means
A) trained.
B) aimed.
C) guided.
D) addressed.
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As used in line 54, want most nearly means
A) desire.
B) lack.
C) requirement.
D) request.
7
It can most reasonably be inferred that after
Miss Taylor married, she had
A) less patience with Mr. Woodhouse.
B) fewer interactions with Emma.
C) more close friends than Emma.
D) an increased appreciation for Emma.
8
A) Line 37 (Miss . . . married)
B) Lines 47-48 (The event . . . friend)
C) Lines 60-65 (A large . . . recollection)
D) Lines 73-79 (How . . . solitude)
9
Which situation is most similar to the one described
in lines 83-91 (The evil . . . time)?
A) A mother and her adult son have distinct tastes
in art and music that result in repeated family
arguments.
B) The differences between an older and a younger
friend are magnified because the younger one is
more active and athletic.
C) An older and a younger scientist remain close
friends despite the fact that the older ones work
is published more frequently.
D) The age difference between a high school student
and a college student becomes a problem even
though they enjoy the same diversions.
Questions 10-19 are based on the following

passage and supplementary material.
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1
This passage is adapted from Marina Gorbis, The Nature of
the Future: Dispatches from the Socialstructed World. 2013
by Marina Gorbis.
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Visitors to the Soviet Union in the 1960s and

1970s always marveled at the gap between what they
saw in state storesshelves empty or filled with
things no one wantedand what they saw in
peoples homes: nice furnishings and tables filled
with food. What filled the gap? A vast informal
economy driven by human relationships, dense
networks of social connections through which people
traded resources and created value. The Soviet people
didnt plot how they would build these networks. No
one was teaching them how to maximize their
connections the way social marketers eagerly teach
us today. Their networks evolved naturally, out of
necessity; that was the only way to survive.
Today, all around the world, we are seeing
a new kind of network of relationship-driven
economics emerging, with individuals joining forces
sometimes to fill the gaps left by existing
institutionscorporations, governments,
educational establishmentsand sometimes creating
new products, services, and knowledge that no
institution is able to provide. Empowered by
computing and communication technologies that
have been steadily building village-like networks on a
global scale, we are infusing more and more of our
economic transactions with social connectedness.
The new technologies are inherently social and
personal. They help us create communities around
interests, identities, and common personal
challenges. They allow us to gain direct access to a
worldwide community of others. And they take
anonymity out of our economic transactions. We can
assess those we dont know by checking their
reputations as buyers and sellers on eBay or by
following their Twitter streams. We can look up their
friends on Facebook and watch their YouTube
videos. We can easily get peoples advice on where to
find the best shoemaker in Brazil, the best
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programmer in India, and the best apple farmer in

our local community. We no longer have to rely on
bankers or venture capitalists as the only sources of
funding for our ideas. We can raise funds directly
from individuals, most of whom we dont even know,
through websites that allow people to
post descriptions of their projects and generate
donations, investments, or loans.
We are moving away from the dominance of the
depersonalized world of institutional production and
creating a new economy around social connections
and social rewardsa process I call socialstructing.
Others have referred to this model of production as
social, commons-based, or peer-to-peer. Not only is
this new social economy bringing with it an
unprecedented level of familiarity and connectedness
to both our global and our local economic exchanges,
but it is also changing every domain of our lives,
from finance to education and health. It is rapidly
ushering in a vast array of new opportunities for us
to pursue our passions, create new types of
businesses and charitable organizations, redefine the
nature of work, and address a wide range of
problems that the prevailing formal economy has
neglected, if not caused.
Socialstructing is in fact enabling not only a new
kind of global economy but a new kind of society, in
which amplified individualsindividuals
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empowered with technologies and the collective

intelligence of others in their social networkcan
take on many functions that previously only large
organizations could perform, often more efficiently,
at lower cost or no cost at all, and with much greater
ease. Socialstructing is opening up a world of what
my colleagues Jacques Valle and Bob Johansen
describe as the world of impossible futures, a world
in which a large software firm can be displaced by
weekend software hackers, and rapidly orchestrated
social movements can bring down governments in a
matter of weeks. The changes are exciting and
unpredictable. They threaten many established
institutions and offer a wealth of opportunities for
individuals to empower themselves, find rich new
connections, and tap into a fast-evolving set of new
resources in everything from health care to education
and science.
Much has been written about how technology
distances us from the benefits of face-to-face
communication and quality social time. I think those
are important concerns. But while the quality of our
face-to-face interactions is changing, the
countervailing force of socialstructing is connecting
us at levels never seen before, opening up new
opportunities to create, learn, and share.
The following graph, from a 2011 report from the International Data Corporation, projects trends in digital information use to 2015
(E=Estimated).
Digital information created

and shared (zettabytes)
Global Digital Information

Created and Shared, 20052015E
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4
2
0
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013E
2015E
Note: 1 zettabyte = 1 trillion gigabytes
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1
As used in line 10, plot most nearly means
A) mark.
B) form.
C) plan.
D) claim.
11
The references to the shoemaker, the programmer,
and the apple farmer in lines 37-40 (We can
easily . . . community) primarily serve to
A) illustrate the quality of products and services in
countries around the world.
B) emphasize the broad reach of technologies used
to connect people.
C) demonstrate that recommendations made online
are trustworthy.
D) call attention to the limits of the expansion of the
global economy.
12
The passages discussion of life in the Soviet Union in
the 1960s and 1970s primarily serves to
A) introduce the concept of social networking.
B) demonstrate that technology has improved social
connections.
C) list differences between the Soviet Union and
other countries.
D) emphasize the importance of examining
historical trends.
13
As used in line 45, post most nearly means
A) publish.
B) transfer.
C) assign.
D) denounce.
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1
14
The author indicates that, in comparison to
individuals, traditional organizations have
tended to be
A) more innovative and less influential.
B) larger in size and less subject to regulations.
C) less reliable and less interconnected.
D) less efficient and more expensive.
15
A) Lines 22-26 (Empowered . . . connectedness)
B) Lines 40-42 (We no longer . . . ideas)
C) Lines 47-50 (We are moving . . .
socialstructing)
D) Lines 66-72 (amplified . . . ease)
16
The author recognizes counterarguments to the
position she takes in the passage by
A) acknowledging the risks and drawbacks
associated with new technologies and social
networks.
B) admitting that some people spend too much
time unproductively on the Internet.
C) drawing an analogy between conditions today
and conditions in the Soviet Union of the 1960s
and 1970s.
D) conceding that the drawbacks of socialstructing
may prove over time to outweigh the benefits.
17
A) Lines 35-37 (We can look . . . videos)
B) Lines 74-76 (a world . . . hackers)
C) Lines 79-84 (They . . . science)
D) Lines 85-87 (Much . . . time)
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18
Which statement best summarizes the information
presented in the graph?
A) Far more people around the world own
computers and cell phones today than in 2005.
B) The number of people sharing digital
information has more than tripled since 2005.
C) The volume of digital information created and
shared has increased tremendously in recent
years.
D) The amount of digital information created and
shared is likely to be almost 8 zettabytes in 2015.
19
According to the graph, which statement is true
about the amount of digital information projected to
be created and shared globally in 2012?
A) Growth in digital information creation and
sharing was projected to be wildly out of
proportion to growth in 2011 and 2013E.
B) The amount of digital information created and
shared was projected to begin a new upward
trend.
C) The amount of digital information created and
shared was projected to peak.
D) The amount of digital information created and
shared was projected to pass 2 zettabytes for the
first time.
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Understanding how hibernators, including

ground squirrels, marmots and bears, survive their
long winters naps may one day offer solutions for
problems such as heart disease, osteoporosis and
muscular dystrophy.
Nearly everything about the way an animals body
works changes when it hibernates, and preparations
start weeks or months in advance. The first order of
business is to fatten up.
Fat is where its at for a hibernator, says
Matthew Andrews, a molecular biologist at the
University of Minnesota Duluth who studies 13-lined
ground squirrels. You bring your own lunch with
you. Packing lunch is necessary because the animals
go on the worlds strictest diet during the winter,
surviving entirely off their white fat. They have their
last supper in October; they dont eat again until
March, Andrews says.
Bigger fat stores mean a greater chance of
surviving until spring. If they go in really chunky,
nice and roly-poly, thats going to be a good
hibernator, he says.
Bears also watch their waistlines expand in the
months before settling in for the season. The brown
bears cardiologist Ole Frbert studies pack on the
pounds by chowing down on up to 40 kilograms of
blueberries a day. Such gluttony among humans
could have severe consequences: Obesity is
associated with a greater risk of heart attack and
diabetes, among other ailments.
To see how fattening up affects Scandinavian
brown bears, Frbert and his colleagues
ventured into the wilds of Sweden following signals
given off by radio transmitters or GPS devices on
tagged bears.
Bears can be dangerous close-up. Even
hibernating bears can rouse to action quickly, so
scientists tracking down bears in the winter use darts
to tranquilize the animals from a distance. Scientists
studying the bears in the summer tranquilize them
from a helicopter.
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Once a bear is under the tranquilizers influence

(which takes about five minutes), the scientists have
60 minutes max to get the animal from its den, weigh
and measure it, draw blood samples and do minor
surgeries to collect fat and other tissues. The bear is
returned to its den by minute 61.
Precious materials collected during this
high-pressure encounter need to be analyzed within
24 hours, so the researchers often test for levels of
cholesterol or certain proteins in the blood while
working in the snow or at a nearby research station.
A pilot sometimes flies samples from field sites to a
lab in Denmark in order to meet the deadline,
Frbert says. Samples such as bones and arteries that
cant be collected from live bears come from bears
killed by hunters during the legal hunting season.
Recent analyses revealed that Scandinavian brown
bears spend the summer with plasma cholesterol
levels considered high for humans; those values then
increase substantially for hibernation, Frbert and
his colleagues reported. These very, very fat bears
with high cholesterol also get zero exercise during
hibernation. Lolling about in the den pinches off
blood vessels, contributing to sluggish circulation.
That cocktail would not be advisable in humans,
Frbert says. Its a recipe for hardened arteries,
putting people at risk for heart attacks and strokes.
Even healthy young adult humans can develop
fatty streaks in their arteries that make the blood
vessels less flexible, but the bears dont build up such
artery-hardening streaks. Our bears, they had
nothing, Frbert says. Its not yet clear how the
bears keep their arteries flexible, but Frbert hopes to
find some protective molecule that could stave off
hardened arteries in humans as well.
541
Milligrams/deciliter
This passage is adapted from Tina Hesman Saey, Lessons

from the Torpid. 2012 by Society for Science & the Public.
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passage and supplementary material.
Total Plasma Cholesterol

in Seven Bears
387
232
maximum desirable level for humans

hibernation
active
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20
The passage is written from the perspective of
someone who is
A) actively involved in conducting hibernator
research.
B) a participant in a recent debate in the field of
cardiology.
C) knowledgeable about advances in hibernator
research.
D) an advocate for wildlife preservation.
21
It is reasonable to conclude that the main goal of the
scientists conducting the research described in the
passage is to
A) learn how the hibernation patterns of bears and
squirrels differ.
B) determine the role that fat plays in hibernation.
C) illustrate the important health benefits of
exercise for humans.
D) explore possible ways to prevent human diseases.
22
A) Lines 1-5 (Understanding . . . dystrophy)
B) Lines 10-13 (Fat . . . squirrels)
C) Lines 31-35 (To . . . bears)
D) Lines 42-46 (Once . . . tissues)
23
What main effect do the quotations by Andrews in
lines 10-18 have on the tone of the passage?
A) They create a bleak tone, focusing on the
difficulties hibernators face during the winter.
B) They create a conversational tone, relating
scientific information in everyday language.
C) They create an ominous tone, foreshadowing the
dire results of Andrewss research.
D) They create an absurd tone, using images of
animals acting as if they were human.
24
As used in line 19, stores most nearly means
A) preservatives.
B) reserves.
C) stacks.
D) shelters.
25
Based on the passage, what is Frberts hypothesis
regarding why bears arteries do not harden during
hibernation?
A) The bears increased plasma cholesterol causes
the arteries to be more flexible.
B) Sluggish circulation pinches off the blood vessels
rather than hardening the arteries.
C) Bears exercise in short, infrequent bursts during
hibernation, which staves off hardened arteries.
D) Bears possess a molecule that protects against
hardened arteries.
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A) Lines 19-20 (Bigger . . . spring)
B) Lines 24-27 (The brown . . . day)
C) Lines 69-72 (Even . . . streaks)
D) Lines 73-76 (Its . . . well)
27
What information discussed in paragraph 10
(lines 58-68) is represented by the graph?
A) The information in lines 58-62 (Recent . . .
reported)
B) The information in lines 62-64 (These . . .
hibernation)
C) The information in lines 64-65 (Lolling . . .
circulation)
D) The information in lines 67-68 (Its . . . strokes)
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26
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28
Which statement about the effect of hibernation on
the seven bears is best supported by the graph?
A) Only one of the bears did not experience an
appreciable change in its total plasma cholesterol
level.
B) Only one of the bears experienced a significant
increase in its total plasma cholesterol level.
C) All of the bears achieved the desirable plasma
cholesterol level for humans.
D) The bear with the lowest total plasma cholesterol
level in its active state had the highest total
plasma cholesterol level during hibernation.
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1
This passage is from Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," originally
published in 1889. Arriving penniless in Pennsylvania from
Scotland in 1848, Carnegie became one of the richest
people in the United States through the manufacture of
steel.
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35
The problem of our age is the proper

administration of wealth, that the ties of brotherhood
may still bind together the rich and poor in
harmonious relationship. The conditions of human
life have not only been changed, but revolutionized,
within the past few hundred years. In former days
there was little difference between the dwelling,
dress, food, and environment of the chief and those
of his retainers. . . . The contrast between the palace
of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with
us to-day measures the change which has come with
civilization. This change, however, is not to be
deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is
well, nay, essential, for the progress of the race that
the houses of some should be homes for all that is
highest and best in literature and the arts, and for all
the refinements of civilization, rather than that none
should be so. Much better this great irregularity than
universal squalor. Without wealth there can be no
Maecenas.* The good old times were not good old
times. Neither master nor servant was as well
situated then as to-day. A relapse to old conditions
would be disastrous to bothnot the least so to him
who servesand would sweep away civilization with
it. But whether the change be for good or ill, it is
upon us, beyond our power to alter, and, therefore,
to be accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of
time to criticize the inevitable.
It is easy to see how the change has come.
One illustration will serve for almost every phase of
the cause. In the manufacture of products we have
the whole story. It applies to all combinations of
human industry, as stimulated and enlarged by the
inventions of this scientific age. Formerly, articles
were manufactured at the domestic hearth, or in
small shops which formed part of the household.
The master and his apprentices worked side by side,
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passage.
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the latter living with the master, and therefore

subject to the same conditions. When these
apprentices rose to be masters, there was little or no
change in their mode of life, and they, in turn,
educated succeeding apprentices in the same routine.
There was, substantially, social equality, and even
political equality, for those engaged in industrial
pursuits had then little or no voice in the State.
The inevitable result of such a mode of
manufacture was crude articles at high prices. To-day
the world obtains commodities of excellent quality at
prices which even the preceding generation would
have deemed incredible. In the commercial world
similar causes have produced similar results, and the
race is benefited thereby. The poor enjoy what the
rich could not before afford. What were the luxuries
have become the necessaries of life. The laborer has
now more comforts than the farmer had a few
generations ago. The farmer has more luxuries than
the landlord had, and is more richly clad and better
housed. The landlord has books and pictures rarer
and appointments more artistic than the king could
then obtain.
The price we pay for this salutary change is, no
doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operatives in
the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer
can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little
better than a myth. All intercourse between them is
at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual,
mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each caste
is without sympathy for the other, and ready to credit
anything disparaging in regard to it. Under the law of
competition, the employer of thousands is forced
into the strictest economies, among which the rates
paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is
friction between the employer and the employed,
between capital and labor, between rich and poor.
Human society loses homogeneity.
The price which society pays for the law of
competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts
and luxuries, is also great; but the advantages of this
law are also greater still than its costfor it is to this
law that we owe our wonderful material
development, which brings improved conditions
in its train.
* Gaius Maecenas (708 B.C.E.) was a great patron of the arts.
CO NTI N U E
1
Which choice best describes the structure of the
first paragraph?
A) A personal history is narrated, historical
examples are given, and a method is
recommended.
B) A position is stated, historical context is given,
and earnest advice is given.
C) Certain principles are stated, opposing principles
are stated, and a consensus is reached.
D) A historical period is described, and its attributes
are reviewed.
30
The author most strongly implies which of the
following about the ties of brotherhood (line 2)?
A) They were always largely fictitious and are more
so at present.
B) They are stronger at present than they ever were
before.
C) They are more seriously strained in the present
than in the past.
D) They will no longer be able to bring together the
rich and the poor.
31
The author uses dwelling, dress, food, and
environment (lines 7-8) as examples of
A) things more valued in the present than in
the past.
B) bare necessities of life.
C) things to which all people are entitled.
D) possible indications of differences in status.
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29
12
32
The author describes the people who live in the
houses of some (line 15) as interested in the
A) materials from which their houses are
constructed.
B) size of their homes.
C) advantages of culture.
D) pedigree of their guests.
33
A) Lines 9-10 (the palace . . . laborer)
B) Lines 15-16 (all . . . arts)
C) Lines 18-19 (Much . . . squalor)
D) Lines 19-20 (Without . . . Maecenas)
34
The author uses the phrase good old times (line 20)
as an example of
A) a clich that still has life and usefulness left in it.
B) a bit of folk wisdom from his childhood.
C) something said by those who have acquired great
riches.
D) something said by people who do not share his
viewpoint.
35
What is the authors main point about the
disadvantages of the modern economic system?
A) It provides only a few people with the advantages
of culture.
B) It replicates many of the problems experienced
in the past.
C) It creates divisions between different categories
of people.
D) It gives certain people great material advantages
over others.
CO NTI N U E
1
A) Lines 37-39 (The master . . . conditions)
B) Lines 43-45 (There was . . . State)
C) Lines 46-47 (The inevitable . . . prices)
D) Lines 65-66 (All intercourse . . . end)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
36
13
37
As used in line 82, in its train is closest in
meaning to
A) before it.
B) with it.
C) anticipating it.
D) advancing it.
CO NTI N U E
1
Passage 1 is adapted from Stewart Brand, The Case for
Reviving Extinct Species. 2013 by the National
Geographic Society. Passage 2 is adapted from the editors
at Scientific American, Why Efforts to Bring Extinct Species
Back from the Dead Miss the Point. 2013 by Nature
America, Inc.
Passage 1
Line
5
10
15
20
25
Many extinct speciesfrom the passenger pigeon

to the woolly mammothmight now be reclassified
as bodily, but not genetically, extinct. Theyre dead,
but their DNA is recoverable from museum
specimens and fossils, even those up to 200,000 years
old.
Thanks to new developments in genetic
technology, that DNA may eventually bring the
animals back to life. Only species whose DNA is too
old to be recovered, such as dinosaurs, are the ones
to consider totally extinct, bodily and genetically.
But why bring vanished creatures back to life?
It will be expensive and difficult. It will take decades.
It wont always succeed. Why even try?
Why do we take enormous trouble to protect
endangered species? The same reasons will apply to
species brought back from extinction: to preserve
biodiversity, to restore diminished ecosystems, to
advance the science of preventing extinctions, and to
undo harm that humans have caused in the past.
Furthermore, the prospect of de-extinction is
profound news. That something as irreversible and
final as extinction might be reversed is a stunning
realization. The imagination soars. Just the thought
of mammoths and passenger pigeons alive again
invokes the awe and wonder that drives all
conservation at its deepest level.
Passage 2
30
35
The idea of bringing back extinct species holds

obvious gee-whiz appeal and a respite from a steady
stream of grim news. Yet with limited intellectual
bandwidth and financial resources to go around,
de-extinction threatens to divert attention
from the modern biodiversity crisis. According to a
2012 report from the International Union for
Conservation of Nature, some 20,000 species are
currently in grave danger of going extinct.
Species today are vanishing in such great
numbersmany from hunting and habitat
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

passages.
14
40
45
50
55
60
65
destructionthat the trend has been called a sixth

mass extinction, an event on par with such die-offs as
the one that befell the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
A program to restore extinct species poses a risk of
selling the public on a false promise that technology
alone can solve our ongoing environmental
woesan implicit assurance that if a species goes
away, we can snap our fingers and bring it back.
Already conservationists face difficult choices
about which species and ecosystems to try to save,
since they cannot hope to rescue them all. Many
countries where poaching and trade in threatened
species are rampant either do not want to give up the
revenue or lack the wherewithal to enforce their own
regulations. Against that backdrop, a costly and
flamboyant project to resuscitate extinct flora and
fauna in the name of conservation looks
irresponsible: Should we resurrect the mammoth
only to let elephants go under? Of course not.
That is not to say that the de-extinction enterprise
lacks merit altogether. Aspects of it could
conceivably help save endangered species.
For example, extinct versions of genes could be
reintroduced into species and subspecies that have
lost a dangerous amount of genetic diversity, such as
the black-footed ferret and the northern white rhino.
Such investigations, however, should be conducted
under the mantle of preserving modern biodiversity
rather than conjuring extinct species from the grave.
38
The author of Passage 1 suggests that the usefulness
of de-extinction technology may be limited by the
A) amount of time scientists are able to devote to
genetic research.
B) relationship of an extinct species to
contemporary ecosystems.
C) complexity of the DNA of an extinct species.
D) length of time that a species has been extinct.
CO NTI N U E
1
A) Lines 7-9 (Thanks . . . life)
B) Lines 9-11 (Only . . . genetically)
C) Line 13 (It will be . . . difficult)
D) Lines 13-14 (It will take . . . succeed)
40
As used in line 27, deepest most nearly means
A) most engrossing.
B) most challenging.
C) most extensive.
D) most fundamental.
41
The authors of Passage 2 indicate that the matter of
shrinking biodiversity should primarily be
considered a
A) historical anomaly.
B) global catastrophe.
C) scientific curiosity.
D) political problem.
42
A) Lines 37-41 (Species . . . ago)
B) Lines 42-45 (A program . . . woes)
C) Lines 53-56 (Against . . . irresponsible)
D) Lines 65-67 (Such . . . grave)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
39
15
43
As used in line 37, great most nearly means
A) lofty.
B) wonderful.
C) large.
D) intense.
44
The reference to the black-footed ferret and the
northern white rhino (line 64) serves mainly to
A) emphasize a key distinction between extinct and
living species.
B) account for types of animals whose numbers are
dwindling.
C) provide examples of species whose gene pools
are compromised.
D) highlight instances of animals that have failed to
adapt to new habitats.
45
Which choice best states the relationship between the
two passages?
A) Passage 2 attacks a political decision that
Passage 1 strongly advocates.
B) Passage 2 urges caution regarding a technology
that Passage 1 describes in favorable terms.
C) Passage 2 expands on the results of a research
study mentioned in Passage 1.
D) Passage 2 considers practical applications that
could arise from a theory discussed in Passage 1.
CO NTI N U E
How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely

respond to the prospect referred to in line 21,
Passage 1?
A) With approval, because it illustrates how useful
de-extinction could be in addressing widespread
environmental concerns.
B) With resignation, because the gradual extinction
of many living species is inevitable.
C) With concern, because it implies an easy
solution to a difficult problem.
D) With disdain, because it shows that people have
little understanding of the importance of genetic
diversity.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
46
47
Which choice would best support the claim that the
authors of Passage 2 recognize that the imagination
soars (line 24, Passage 1) in response to
de-extinction technology?
A) Lines 28-30 (The . . . news)
B) Lines 30-33 (Yet . . . crisis)
C) Lines 58-59 (That . . . altogether)
D) Lines 61-63 (For . . . diversity)
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
16
No Test Material On This Page
2
Writing and Language Test
DIRECTIONS
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a NO CHANGE option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.
A Nod to Nodding Off

With 30 percent of United States workers not getting
enough sleep at night, according to the Wall Street
Journal, US companies 1 lose a yearly sum of
$63.2 billion annually due to the drop in employee
productivity resulting from sleep deprivation.
Sleep-deprived workers generally have lower morale and
are less able to retain information than their better-rested
colleagues.
...................................................................................................................................
18
1
A) NO CHANGE
B) see an annual loss of $63.2 billion each year
C) lose $63.2 billion annually
D) have a yearly loss of $63.2 billion annually
CO NTI N U E
2
of sleep is the work itself. [2] To combat the problem of
sleep deprivation in a demanding work environment,
some companies have begun allowing workers to take
naps. [3] The hours the average American 3 spend
working have increased dramatically since the 1970s,
making it hard for many workers to get a good nights
sleep. [4] Although employees who sleep on the job are
often considered lazy and unproductive, napping in the
workplace has been shown to improve workers efficiency
and quality of life. [5] As long as companies continue to
demand long hours from 4 workers, and managers
should champion napping as a means to keep employees
happy, healthy, and functional. 5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
[1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers lack
19
2
A) NO CHANGE
B) main things leading up to
C) huge things about
D) primary causes of
3
A) NO CHANGE
B) have spent
C) spends
D) are spent
4
A) NO CHANGE
B) workers; managers
C) workers, managers,
D) workers, managers
5
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3
should be placed
A) where it is now.
B) before sentence 1.
C) after sentence 1.
D) after sentence 4.
CO NTI N U E
2
in fact, allowing employees to nap could save companies
hours of lost productivity. Studies reveal that napping
improves memory and boosts wakefulness for the
remainder of the day. 6 Napping can also have a
positive effect on mood and overall job satisfaction, while
constant drowsiness reduces reaction time and hampers
ones ability to concentrate. Employee naps might also
lead to reduced health care costs for companies, since
regular napping leads to long-term health benefits,
7 and it improves workers average weekly attendance.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Such a proposition may seem counterintuitive, but,
20
6
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
Even fifteen-minute power naps improve
alertness, creativity, and concentration.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it demonstrates that the benefits of
napping can be gained without sacrificing large
amounts of work time.
B) Yes, because it explains the methodology of the
studies mentioned in the previous sentence.
C) No, because a discussion of the type of nap
workers take is not important to the writers
main point in the paragraph.
D) No, because it contradicts the writers discussion
of napping in the previous sentences.
7
Which choice provides a supporting example that
reinforces the main point of the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) including a lower risk of cardiovascular
problems such as heart attack and stroke.
C) which are essential in an era of rising health care
costs.
D) in addition to making employees more efficient.
CO NTI N U E
2
advocates in the worlds of technology, finance, and news
media, and some businesses are beginning to set aside
special nap rooms. A few companies, such as Google,
have even invested in high-tech nap pods that block out
light, play soothing music, and 8 gently waking
nappers.
Zephrin Lasker, CEO of the mobile-advertising firm
Pontiflex, has observed that employees are happier and
more productive since he created a nap room in the
companys Brooklyn headquarters. Ryan Hodson of
Kodiak Capital Group and Arianna Huffington of the
Huffington Post Media Group have promoted napping
9 throughout their workers and have been effusive
about the results. In light of the benefits not only to
employees efficiency 10 and again to their health and
sense of well-being, these executives enthusiasm is not
surprising. 11 These executives are among the most
successful leaders in their respective fields.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Napping at work has already won corporate
21
8
A) NO CHANGE
B) gently wake
C) gently to wake
D) gentle waking of
9
A) NO CHANGE
B) among
C) between
D) into
10
A) NO CHANGE
B) but it benefits
C) as also to
D) but also to
11
The writer wants a concluding sentence that restates
the main argument of the passage. Which choice best
accomplishes this goal?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Clearly, employers should consider reducing
employees hours when they are overworked.
C) Companies should consider employee schedules
carefully when implementing a napping policy.
D) More businesses should follow their lead and
embrace napping on the job.
CO NTI N U E
2
Vanishing Honeybees: A Threat to Global Agriculture
Honeybees play an important role in the agriculture
industry by pollinating crops. An October 2006 study
found that as much as one-third of global agriculture
depends on animal pollination, including honeybee
12 pollinationto increase crop output. The
importance of bees 13 highlights the potentially
disastrous affects of an emerging, unexplained crisis:
entire colonies of honeybees are dying off without
warning.
14 They know it as colony collapse disorder (CCD),
this phenomenon will have a detrimental impact on
global agriculture if its causes and solutions are not
determined. Since the emergence of CCD around 2006,
bee mortality rates have 15 exceeded 25 percent of the
population each winter. There was one sign of hope:
during the 20102012 winter seasons, bee mortality rates
decreased slightly, and beekeepers speculated that the
colonies would recover. Yet in the winter of 20122013,
the 16 portion of the bee population lost fell nearly
10 percent in the United States, with a loss of 31 percent
of the colonies that pollinate crops.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage

and supplementary material.
22
12
A) NO CHANGE
B) pollination: this is
C) pollination,
D) pollination;
13
A) NO CHANGE
B) highlights the potentially disastrous effects
C) highlight the potentially disastrous effects
D) highlight the potentially disastrous affects
14
A) NO CHANGE
B) Known as colony
C) It is known as colony
D) Colony
15
Which choice offers the most accurate interpretation
of the data in the chart?
A) NO CHANGE
B) been above the acceptable range.
C) not changed noticeably from year to year.
D) greatly increased every year.
16
Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the
data in the chart?
A) NO CHANGE
B) portion of bees lost was double what it had been
the previous year, rising to
C) number of losses, which had fallen within the
acceptable range the previous year, rose to
D) portion of total colonies lost rose almost 10
percentage points, with a loss of
CO NTI N U E
40%
2
Managed Honey Bee
Colony Losses in the US
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
acceptable range
0%
09
08
13
07
10
11
12
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
06 007 008 009 010 011 012

2
2
20
2
2
2
2
Winter seasons
Adapted from Dennis van Engelsdorp et al., Preliminary Results: Honey

Bee Colony Losses in the United States, Winter 2012-2013. 2013 by the
Bee Informed Partnership.
17 Studies have offered several possible reasons that

bees are vanishing. One reason that is often cited is the
use of pesticides called neonicotinoids, which are
absorbed by plants and linger much longer than do
topical pesticides. 18 Chemicals such as herbicides and
fungicides may also play a role, contaminating the pollen
that bees typically feed on and inhibiting healthy insect
maturation.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Percent total-colony winter loss
23
17
Which choice most smoothly and effectively
introduces the writers discussion of studies of CCD
in this paragraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Bees are vanishing, and according to studies
there are several possible reasons for this trend.
C) Several possible reasons, offered by studies, may
explain why bees are vanishing.
D) DELETE the underlined sentence.
18
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
Prolonged exposure to neonicotinoids has been
shown to increase bees vulnerability to disease
and parasitic mites.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it provides support for the claim
made in the previous sentence.
B) Yes, because it introduces a new idea that will
become important later in the passage.
C) No, because it would be better placed elsewhere
in the passage.
D) No, because it contradicts the main idea of the
passage.
CO NTI N U E
2
impact of this loss of hives on fruit, vegetable, seed, and
nut crops 19 is not to be scoffed at. A reduction in bee
numbers leads to less pollination, which in turn leads to
smaller harvests and higher food prices. Some farmers
have resorted to renting hives from beekeepers to
pollinate their 20 crops; when there is a shortage of bees
this being an expensive proposition. Other farmers have
increased 21 theyre dependence on costly
hand-pollination by human workers. Furthermore, there
may be sociological repercussions. Agroecologist
Alexandra-Maria Klein has suggested that rising produce
prices could lead to an increase in obesity as people turn
to cheaper, less wholesome fare.
Though the precise causes of CCD are yet unclear,
some commonsense measures may be taken. A decrease
in the use of certain pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides,
as well as greater attention to the nutrition, habitat, and
genetic diversity of managed hives, could begin a shift in
a favorable direction. 22
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Given the role that honeybees play in agriculture, the
24
19
A) NO CHANGE
B) is a pretty big deal.
C) cant be put on the back burner.
D) cannot be ignored.
20
A) NO CHANGE
B) crops, this is an expensive proposition when
there is a shortage of bees.
C) crops, an expensive proposition when there is a
shortage of bees.
D) crops; an expensive proposition when there is a
shortage of bees.
21
A) NO CHANGE
B) there
C) their
D) its
22
The writer wants a conclusion that addresses the
future of efforts to combat CCD. Which choice
results in the passage having the most appropriate
concluding sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Still, bee colonies have experienced such
devastating losses that the consequences of the
issue have been felt worldwide.
C) Although CCD is a relatively new phenomenon,
scientists have been studying other aspects of
honeybees for over a century.
D) Genetic variation in bee colonies generally
improves bees productivity, disease resistance,
and ability to regulate body temperature.
CO NTI N U E
2
Lunar Farming
Late last autumn, Giuseppe Ferrua 23 stood, on the
hillside he farms overlooking Italys Serchio River valley,
a landscape of low mountains dotted 24 with vineyards.
Ferrua grows grapes and olives, and he does so according
to the phases of the Moon. He didnt always farm this
way. When he began, he exercised modern,
one-size-fits-all farming methods but says he soon
became convinced that plants are completely prone to
elements in the cosmos, the rhythms of day and night.
Following the lunar calendar, this type of farming is
driven by the belief that the Moon influences levels of
moisture in the soil, just as the Moons gravitational pull
affects great bodies of water. Lunar farmers believe,
25 for example, that from the new Moon to quarter
Moon phases, when the Moon is waxing, a soils moisture
content increases, whereas drier periods occur during the
waning phase. 26 Although moisture influences seed
germination, a lunar guide on when to plant and weed
can be advantageous to a grower.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
25
23
A) NO CHANGE
B) stood;
C) stood
D) stood
24
A) NO CHANGE
B) inside
C) for
D) on
25
A) NO CHANGE
B) however,
C) by contrast,
D) thereafter,
26
A) NO CHANGE
B) Given that
C) So
D) DELETE the underlined portion and begin the
sentence with a capital letter.
CO NTI N U E
2
Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder stated in his Natural
History that the Moon replenishes the Earth; when she
approaches it, she fills all bodies, while, when she recedes,
she empties them. Chinese and Egyptian people
performed agricultural tasks according to the lunar
calendar for millennia, and, to this day, the vaunted Old
Farmers Almanac includes regional lunar calendars and
advice on 28 when to conduct farm chores. The
29 almanacs editor, Janice Stillman, says, That
information is of value to our readers who practice these
traditional methodsand claim great success.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27 Nature has been around forever. First-century
26
27
Which choice most effectively sets up the paragraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) People all over the world farm by the Moon.
C) Farming by the Moon is not new.
D) Talk of the Moons influence is far-reaching.
28
Which choice provides the most specific information
on the type of advice a lunar calendar offers?
A) NO CHANGE
B) actions relevant to farming.
C) points in time at which to undertake certain
tasks.
D) optimal times to plant, weed, prune, and harvest.
29
A) NO CHANGE
B) almanacss
C) almanacs
D) almanacs
CO NTI N U E
2
of the methods efficacy. Recalling advice he received on
the best lunar time to plant potatoes, an English farmer
says his first reaction was Hoopla. Current mainstream
agriculture does not factor the Moon into 31 their
practices, so the concept might seem quaint or irrational.
Additionally, lunar farming is based in astrology as
opposed to astronomy, and no extensive scientific studies
have yet been conducted that measure the Moons overall
influence on farming, 32 so supporters continue to wait
for their practices to be verified scientifically.
Stillman says, We are of the mind that you accept or
believe by choice. Indeed, despite his doubts, the
skeptical English farmer wound up planting his potatoes
according to the lunar cycle and claims they were the
best I have tasted. Agricultural professor Jennifer
Coffman has a similar response to Ferruas bounty in
Italy. 33 Smell this rosemary, she says. Smell how
amazingly fragrant that is. At this stage, one could say
that the evidence must be experienced to be believed.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Lunar farming has its 30 skeptics, who are not sure
27
30
A) NO CHANGE
B) skeptics, who have yet to be convinced.
C) skepticsthose who doubt the method.
D) skeptics.
31
A) NO CHANGE
B) those
C) its
D) its
32
The writer wants to conclude the paragraph
effectively while also reinforcing the point that
skepticism toward lunar farming still exists. Which
choice best accomplishes this goal?
A) NO CHANGE
B) and therefore no sound scientific data on the
subject exist to date.
C) yet many continue to practice lunar farming.
D) leading many to conclude that the practice is
based in folklore, not fact.
33
Which choice gives an additional supporting
example that emphasizes the importance of the
senses in judging the success of the lunar farming
method?
A) NO CHANGE
B) She has taken photographs of the grapevines and
landscape.
C) She takes careful notes about Ferruas farming
methods, asking Ferrua to clarify how he
prepares the soil.
D) She dips bread into Ferruas olive oil as he
explains a soil preparation he does in the fall.
CO NTI N U E
2
Recipes for History: The Szathmary Cookbook
Collection
In 1990, chef Louis Szathmary, a voracious collector
of cookbooks, donated approximately 20,000 culinary
artifacts to the University of Iowa library. The gift
included more than 100 manuscript recipe books
34 collections of recipes handwritten by the people
who used them. The manuscripts, some of which date
back to the seventeenth century, are an invaluable
resource for food historians as well as the general public.
35 Because of the astonishing size and range of
Szathmarys 36 donation to the University of Iowa,
making this cornucopia of information available to
readers was a challenge. Working in conjunction with the
library, the University of Iowa Press published volumes
as varied as The P.E.O. Cookbook, written in rural Iowa in
1908, and Ladie Borlases Receiptes Booke, written in the
English countryside from 1665 to 1822. Librarians were
happy to show the Szathmary collection to people who
were able to visit the library, 37 so the manuscripts, too
delicate to be checked out to library patrons, remained
largely unexplored.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 34 -44 are based on the following passage.
28
34
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
portion (ending the sentence with a period). Should
the writer make this deletion?
A) Yes, because the underlined portion detracts
from the paragraphs focus on the Szathmary
collection.
B) Yes, because the information in the underlined
portion is provided in the previous sentence.
C) No, because the underlined portion defines a
term that is important to the passage.
D) No, because the underlined portion gives an
example of a particular culinary artifact.
35
A) NO CHANGE
B) Regardless of
C) In contrast to
D) In addition to
36
A) NO CHANGE
B) donation of so many culinary artifacts,
C) massive donation of cookbooks,
D) donation,
37
A) NO CHANGE
B) for
C) and
D) but
CO NTI N U E
2
university expanded its DIY History Project (DIY
stands for do it yourself) to include the manuscripts.
The project enlists volunteers to transcribe the recipes:
working from 38 our home computers, the volunteers
type up the scanned handwritten recipes. After a page is
transcribed and proofread, it is digitized and becomes
part of a searchable online archive. Volunteer
transcribers need no particular expertise; 39 prosaic
directives are provided on the DIY History website.
Transcribing is easy. The ingredients (one recipe requires
something called ringon root) and measurements (a
ditto of baking soda), 40 moreover, can be puzzling.
The goal is to digitize all the manuscripts in the
Szathmary collection, making them available to anyone
with 41 access of a computer and the Internet.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
This all started to change in 2012, when the
29
38
A) NO CHANGE
B) his or her
C) their
D) ones
39
A) NO CHANGE
B) simple directions
C) bare-bones how-tos
D) facile protocols
40
A) NO CHANGE
B) therefore,
C) however,
D) in short,
41
A) NO CHANGE
B) access to
C) excess of
D) excess to
CO NTI N U E
project and encourage the public to try the recipes. [2] It

has formed a club dedicated to cooking manuscript
recipes. [3] Some recipes dont fare well in the
twenty-first century (one club member called her 1800s
gingerbread a molasses-laden brick), while others
42 had worked just fine. [4] In another instance of
library outreach, a competition at the 2013 Iowa State
Fair, contestants baked desserts in three
categories 43 almond cheesecake, summer mince pie,
and Marlborough pieusing recipes from the Szathmary
collection. 44
The efforts of the library and the volunteers are
clearly bearing fruit. By January 2014, more than 38,000
manuscript pages had been transcribed, thanks to the
volunteers who answered DIY Historys call to help
build the historical record by doing it yourself.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
[1] The library is working hard to publicize the
42
A) NO CHANGE
B) work
C) worked
D) could have worked
43
A) NO CHANGE
B) almond, cheesecake summer, mince,
C) almond cheesecake summer, mince
D) almond, cheesecake, summer, mince,
44
The writer plans to add the following sentence to this
paragraph.
The judges reported that the entries were
delicious.
To make this paragraph most logical, the sentence
should be placed
A) after sentence 1.
B) after sentence 2.
C) after sentence 3.
D) after sentence 4.
STOP
30
3
Math Test No Calculator
For questions 1-13, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 14-17, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.
V = wh
a
c 2 = a2 + b 2
2x
b
1
A = bh
2
A = w
A = pr 2
C = 2pr
4
V = pr 3
3
s 45
s2
30
45
s
x3
Special Right Triangles
h
r
V = pr 2h
60
1
V = pr 2h
3
V = 1 wh
3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
32
CO NTI N U E
A babysitter earns $8 an hour for babysitting

2 children and an additional $3 tip when both
children are put to bed on time. If the babysitter gets
the children to bed on time, what expression could
be used to determine how much the babysitter
earned?
A) 8x + 3, where x is the number of hours
B) 3x + 8, where x is the number of hours
C) x(8 + 2) + 3, where x is the number of children
D) 3x + (8 + 2), where x is the number of children
3(x + y ) = y
If (x, y ) is a solution to the equation above and
y 0, what is the ratio

A)
4
3
B)
2
3
C)
1
3
D)
2
3
x
?
y
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
33
1
x
2
1
x
8
1
y = 10
4
1
y = 19
8
Which ordered pair (x, y ) satisfies the system of

equations above?
A) (112, 264)
B) (64, 88)
232 224
,
C)
3
3
D) (288, 536)
CO NTI N U E
3
A
E
B
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
Triangle ABC above is isosceles with AB = AC and

BC = 48. The ratio of DE to DF is 5 : 7. What is
the length of DC ?
A) 12
B) 20
C) 24
D) 28
5
In a certain game, a player can solve easy or hard
puzzles. A player earns 30 points for solving an easy
puzzle and 60 points for solving a hard puzzle. Tina
solved a total of 50 puzzles playing this game, earning
1,950 points in all. How many hard puzzles did Tina
solve?
A) 10
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
34
2x 2 + 7x 15 = 0
If r and s are two solutions of the equation above
and r > s , which of the following is the
value of r s ?
A)
15
2
B)
13
2
C)
11
2
D)
3
2
7
To cut a lawn, Allan charges a fee of $15 for his
equipment and $8.50 per hour spent cutting a lawn.
Taylor charges a fee of $12 for his equipment and
$9.25 per hour spent cutting a lawn. If x represents
the number of hours spent cutting a lawn, what are
all the values of x for which Taylors total charge is
greater than Allans total charge?
A) x > 4
B) 3 x 4
C) 4 x 5
D) x < 3
CO NTI N U E
3
n = 456 3T
The equation above is used to model the relationship

between the number of cups, n, of hot chocolate sold
per day in a coffee shop and the average daily
temperature, T, in degrees Fahrenheit. According to
the model, what is the meaning of the 3 in the
equation?
A) For every increase of 3F, one more cup of hot
chocolate will be sold.
B) For every decrease of 3F, one more cup of hot
C) For every increase of 1F, three more cups of hot
D) For every decrease of 1F, three more cups of hot
9
A truck enters a stretch of road that drops 4 meters
in elevation for every 100 meters along the length of
the road. The road is at 1,300 meters elevation where
the truck entered, and the truck is traveling at
16 meters per second along the road. What is the
elevation of the road, in meters, at the point where
the truck passes t seconds after entering the road?
A) 1,300 0.04t
B) 1,300 0.64t
C) 1,300 4t
D) 1,300 16t
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
35
10
If f (x 1) = 2x + 3 for all values of x, what is the
value of f (3) ?
A) 7
B) 5
C) 3
D) 1
11
( ts ) ?
Which of the following is equivalent to (s t )

A)
s
s
t
B)
s
st
t
C)
s2
s
t
D)
s2
s
2
t
t
CO NTI N U E
3
p(x ) = 3(x 2 + 10x + 5) 5(x k )
In the polynomial p(x ) defined above, k is a

constant. If p(x ) is divisible by x, what is the value
of k ?
A) 3
B) 2
C)
D)
..................................................................................
12
36
13
In the xy-plane, if the parabola with equation
y = ax 2 + bx + c , where a, b, and c are constants,

passes through the point (1, 1), which of the
following must be true?
A) a b = 1
B) b + c = 1
C) a + b + c = 1
D) a b + c = 1
CO NTI N U E
3
7
Answer: 12
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1417, solve the problem and
enter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
Write
answer
in boxes.
7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grid in
result.
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
2 / 3
2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
. 666
Decimal
point
. 667
/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
3
4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
4
5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
5
6 6 6 6
6
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
7
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
8
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9
9
Answer: 201 either position is correct
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)

2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid can
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
.
Fraction
line
2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded

/
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
Answer: 2.5
37
201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
.
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
NOTE: You
may start your
answers in any
column, space
permitting.
Columns you
dont need to
use should be
left blank.
CO NTI N U E
For what value of h is 24 =
h
6 ?
10
15
What is the value of a if (2a + 3) (4a 8) = 7 ?
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14
16
If x is not equal to zero, what is the value
of
4(3x )2
(2x )2
17
If x 2 is a factor of x 2 bx + b, where b is a
constant, what is the value of b ?
STOP
38
4
Math Test Calculator
For questions 1-27,

1-27 solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 28 -31,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer
to the directions before question 28 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may
use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.
V = wh
a
c 2 = a2 + b 2
2x
b
1
A = bh
2
A = w
A = pr 2
C = 2pr
4
V = pr 3
3
s 45
s2
30
45
s
x3
Special Right Triangles
h
r
V = pr 2h
60
1
V = pr 2h
3
V = 1 wh
3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
40
CO NTI N U E
A) C(x ) = 5.25x
B) C(x ) = 5x + 0.25
C) C(x ) = 5 + 0.25x
D) C(x ) = 5 + 25x
2
A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual
bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day,
the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of
juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles.
Which equation shows the number of packs of
bottles, p, sold that day?
A) p =
281 29
6
B) p =
281 + 29
6
C) p =
281
29
6
D) p =
281
+ 29
6
41
3
Monthly Rainfall in Chestnut City
6
Rainfall (inches)
Tyra subscribes to an online gaming service that

charges a monthly fee of $5.00 and $0.25 per hour for
time spent playing premium games. Which of the
following functions gives Tyras cost, in dollars, for a
month in which she spends x hours playing
premium games?
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Month
The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall

from March to October last year in Chestnut City.
According to the graph, what was the greatest change
(in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between
two consecutive months?
A) 1.5 inches
B) 2.0 inches
C) 2.5 inches
D) 3.5 inches
CO NTI N U E
A rectangle has perimeter P, length A and width w.

Which of the following represents A in terms
of P and w ?
A) A = P w
2P w
B) A =
2
P 2w
C) A =
2
D) A = 2P 2w
5
Which ordered pair (x, y ) satisfies the system of
equations shown below?
2x y = 6
x + 2y = 2
A) (6, 2)
B) (2, 2)
C) (2, 2)
D) (4, 2)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
42
6
A soda company is filling bottles of soda from a tank
that contains 500 gallons of soda. At most, how
many 20-ounce bottles can be filled from the tank?
(1 gallon = 128 ounces)
A)
25
B)
78
C) 2,560
D) 3,200
7
A car traveled at an average speed of 80 miles per
hour for 3 hours and consumed fuel at a rate of 34
miles per gallon. Approximately how many gallons
of fuel did the car use for the entire 3-hour trip?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 7
CO NTI N U E
What is the slope of the line in the xy-plane that
1
5
passes through the points , 1 and , 4 ?
2
2
A) 1
2
B)
3
C)
D)
3
2
9
Dimensions of Envelopes
Height (inches)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
3
4
5
Width (inches)
The scatterplot above shows the widths and the

heights of 12 types of rectangular envelopes. What is
the width, in inches, of the envelope represented by
the data point that is farthest from the line of best fit
(not shown) ?
A)
B)
C)
D) 12
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
43
10
A high school basketball team won exactly 65 percent
of the games it played during last season. Which of
the following could be the total number of games the
team played last season?
A) 22
B) 20
C) 18
D) 14
11
110x + y = 1,210
A coffee shop is running a promotion where a
number of free coffee samples are given away each
day. The equation above can be used to model the
number of free coffee samples, y, that remain to be
given away x days after the promotion began. What
does it mean that (11, 0) is a solution to this
equation?
A) During the promotion, 11 samples are given
away each day.
B) It takes 11 days during the promotion to see
1,210 customers.
C) It takes 11 days during the promotion until none
of the samples are remaining.
D) There are 11 samples available at the start of the
promotion.
CO NTI N U E
A)
10
x
10
y
B)
10
x
10
y
C)
10
x
10
y
D)
10
O
x
10
44
13
Frequency
Which scatterplot shows a negative association that

is not linear? (Note: A negative association between
two variables is one in which higher values of one
variable correspond to lower values of the other
variable, and vice versa.)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150

Height of pyramid (meters)
The histogram above shows the distribution of the

heights, in meters, of 26 pyramids in Egypt. Which
of the following could be the median height of the
26 pyramids represented in the histogram?
A) 44 meters
B) 48 meters
C) 63 meters
D) 77 meters
CO NTI N U E
A survey of 170 randomly selected teenagers aged

14 through 17 in the United States was conducted to
gather data on summer employment of teenagers. The
data are shown in the table below.
Ages 1415
Ages 1617
Total
Have a
summer job
20
39
59
Do not have a
Total
summer job
69
89
81
42
111
170
14
Which of the following is closest to the percent of
those surveyed who had a summer job?
A) 22%
B) 35%
C) 47%
D) 53%
15
In 2012 the total population of individuals in the
United States who were between 14 and 17 years old
(inclusive) was about 17 million. If the survey results
are used to estimate information about summer
employment of teenagers across the country, which
of the following is the best estimate of the total
number of individuals between 16 and 17 years old in
the United States who had a summer job in 2012 ?
A) 8,200,000
B) 3,900,000
C) 2,000,000
D)
390,000
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 14-16 refer to the following information.
45
16
Based on the data, how many times more likely is it
for a 14 year old or a 15 year old to NOT have a
summer job than it is for a 16 year old or a 17 year
old to NOT have a summer job? (Round the answer
to the nearest hundredth.)
A) 0.52 times as likely
B) 0.65 times as likely
C) 1.50 times as likely
D) 1.64 times as likely
CO NTI N U E
Percent protein
Percent Protein in Five Food Products
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
C
D
B
Food products
The graph above shows the amount of protein

supplied by five different food products, A, B, C, D,
and E, as a percentage of their total weights. The
costs of 10 grams of products A, B, C, D, and E are
$2.00, $2.20, $2.50, $4.00, and $5.00, respectively.
Which of the five food products supplies the most
protein per dollar?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
17
46
18
In quadrilateral ABCD above, BC is parallel to AD ,

and AB = CD . If BC and AD were each doubled and
BE was reduced by 50 percent, how would the area of
ABCD change?
A) The area of ABCD would be decreased by
50 percent.
B) The area of ABCD would be increased by
50 percent.
C) The area of ABCD would not change.
D) The area of ABCD would be multiplied by 2.
19
Boyd grows only tomatoes and raspberries in his
garden. Last year, he grew 140 pounds of tomatoes
and 60 pounds of raspberries. This year, the
production, by weight, of tomatoes declined by
20 percent, and the production, by weight, of
raspberries declined by 50 percent. By what
percentage did the total yield, by weight, of
Boyds garden decline?
A) 29 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 70 percent
CO NTI N U E
Frequency
4
3
2
1
0
4 5 6
Integers
9 10
The graph above shows the frequency distribution of

a list of randomly generated integers between 0 and
10. What is the mean of the list of numbers?
A)
3.0
B)
3.5
C)
4.25
D) 12.0
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
20
47
21
y
4
2
What is the minimum value of the function graphed

on the xy-plane above, for 4 x 6 ?
A)
B) 4
C) 2
D)
CO NTI N U E
In 1929, the astronomer Edwin Hubble published the

data shown. The graph plots the velocity of galaxies
relative to Earth against the distances of galaxies from
Earth.
VelocityDistance Relation
among Galaxies
Velocity (km/s)
1,500
1,000
500
Galaxy Q
0
500
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5

Distance (Mpc)
2.0
2.5
Hubbles data can be modeled by the equation v = 500d,

where v is the velocity, in kilometers per second, at
which the galaxy is moving away from Earth and d is the
distance, in megaparsecs, of the galaxy from Earth.
Assume that the relationship is valid for larger distances
than are shown in the graph. (A megaparsec (Mpc) is
3.1 1019 kilometers.)
22
According to Hubbles data, how fast, in meters per
second, is Galaxy Q moving away from Earth?
A) 2 106 m/s
B) 5 105 m/s
C) 5 102 m/s
D) 2.5 102 m/s
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 22-24 refer to the following information.
48
23
There are four galaxies shown in the graph at
approximately 0.9 Mpc from Earth. Which of the
following is closest to the range of velocities of these
four galaxies, in kilometers per second?
A) 100
B) 200
C) 450
D) 700
24
Based on the model, what is the velocity, in
kilometers per second, of a galaxy that is 15 Mpc
from Earth?
A) 7,500 km/s
B) 5,000 km/s
C) 1,100 km/s
D) 750 km/s
CO NTI N U E
Janice puts a fence around her rectangular garden.

The garden has a length that is 9 feet less than 3
times its width. What is the perimeter of Janices
fence if the area of her garden is 5,670 square feet?
A) 342 feet
B) 318 feet
C) 300 feet
D) 270 feet
26
B
a
A
Given the right triangle ABC above, which of the

following is equal to
b
?
a
A) sin A
B) sin B
C) tan A
D) tan B
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
25
49
27
y x
2y > 3x + 2
section Q
section R
section P
x
section S
A system of inequalities and a graph are shown

above. Which section or sections of the graph could
represent all of the solutions to the system?
A) Section R
B) Sections Q and S
C) Sections Q and P
D) Sections Q, R, and S
CO NTI N U E
4
7
Answer: 12
DIRECTIONS
For questions 28 -31, solve the problem and
enter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
2
Write
answer
in boxes.
7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grid in
result.
2 / 3
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)

2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid can
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
. 666
Decimal
point
. 667
/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
3
4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
4
5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
5
6 6 6 6
6
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
7
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
8
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9
9
Answer: 201 either position is correct
201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
.
Fraction
line
2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the

/
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
Answer: 2.5
50
201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
.
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
NOTE: You
may start your
answers in any
column, space
permitting.
Columns you
dont need to
use should be
left blank.
CO NTI N U E
4
y
(4, 19)
(v, w)
(0, 3)
(2, 1)
(0, 9)
The xy-plane above shows one of the two points of

intersection of the graphs of a linear function and a
quadratic function. The shown point of intersection
has coordinates (v, w ) . If the vertex of the graph of
the quadratic function is at (4, 19), what is the value
of v ?
..............................................................................................................................
28
51
29
In a college archaeology class, 78 students are going
to a dig site to find and study artifacts. The dig site
has been divided into 24 sections, and each section
will be studied by a group of either 2 or 4 students.
How many of the sections will be studied by a group
of 2 students?
CO NTI N U E
4
v = v0 gt
(speed-time)
h = v0t 1 gt2
2
(position-time)
v 2 = v02 2gh
(position-speed)
An arrow is launched upward with an initial speed of 100

meters per second (m/s). The equations above describe
the constant-acceleration motion of the arrow, where v0
is the initial speed of the arrow, v is the speed of the
arrow as it is moving up in the air, h is the height of the
arrow above the ground, t is the time elapsed since the
arrow was projected upward, and g is the acceleration
due to gravity (9.8 m/s2).
30
What is the maximum height from the ground the
arrow will rise to the nearest meter?
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 30 and 31 refer to the following

information.
31
How long will it take for the arrow to reach its
maximum height to the nearest tenth of a second?
STOP
52
YOUR NAME (PRINT)

LAST FIRST MI
TEST CENTER

NUMBER
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
You may work on only one section at a time.
If you finish a section before time is called, check
your work on that section. You may NOT turn to any
other section.
NAME OF TEST CENTER
The codes below are unique to your test book. Copy

them on your answer sheet in boxes 21 and 22 and fill
in the corresponding circles exactly as shown.
MARKING ANSWERS
Be sure to mark your answer sheet properly.
COMPLETE MARK
TEST ID
22
(Copy from back of test book.)
EXAMPLES OF
INCOMPLETE MARKS
You must use a No. 2 pencil.

Carefully mark only one answer for each question.
Make sure you fill the entire circle darkly and
completely.
Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet.
If you erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may
be scored as intended answers.
Use only the answer rows that correspond to the
question numbers.
USING YOUR TEST BOOK
You may use the test book for scratch work, but you
will not receive credit for anything that you write in your
test book.
After time has been called, you may not transfer
answers from your test book to your answer sheet or fill
in circles.
You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page
from this book, or take the book or answer sheet from
the testing room.
SCORING
For each correct answer, you receive one point.
You do not lose points for wrong answers; therefore,
you should try to answer every question even if you are
not sure of the correct answer.
5KPT06
ROOM NUMBER
21
FORM CODE
(Copy and grid as on
back of test book.)
Follow this link for more

information on scoring
your practice test:
www.collegeboard.org/
psatscoring
Ideas contained in passages for this test, some of which are excerpted or adapted from published material,
do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board or National Merit Scholarship Corporation.
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE SUPERVISOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO.

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2015 Practice Test #1

Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test

A No. 2 pencil is required for the test.

Sharing any questions with anyone

This cover is representative of what youll see on test day.

Test begins on the next page.

This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma, originally

Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage.

The real evils indeed of Emmas situation were the

debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse

* a person in weak health who is overly concerned with his or her

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Questions 10-19 are based on the following

Visitors to the Soviet Union in the 1960s and

programmer in India, and the best apple farmer in

empowered with technologies and the collective

Digital information created

Global Digital Information

Note: 1 zettabyte = 1 trillion gigabytes

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Understanding how hibernators, including

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Once a bear is under the tranquilizers influence

This passage is adapted from Tina Hesman Saey, Lessons

Questions 20-28 are based on the following

Total Plasma Cholesterol

maximum desirable level for humans

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

The problem of our age is the proper

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Questions 29-37 are based on the following

the latter living with the master, and therefore

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Many extinct speciesfrom the passenger pigeon

The idea of bringing back extinct species holds

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Questions 38-47 are based on the following

destructionthat the trend has been called a sixth

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How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely

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No Test Material On This Page

A Nod to Nodding Off

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Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

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[1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers lack

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Such a proposition may seem counterintuitive, but,

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Napping at work has already won corporate

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