Supplementary Appendix

This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.
Supplement to: Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in
type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720

SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX

Supplement to: Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin J, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes

and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med.

Table of Contents
Section A. List of investigators ................................................................................................... 2
Section B. Trial committees and independent statistical center .................................................14
Section C. Definition of high risk of cardiovascular events ........................................................16
Section D. Exclusion criteria......................................................................................................17
Section E. Definitions of major clinical outcomes ......................................................................19
Section F. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses (methodology) .....................................32
Section G. Patient disposition ...................................................................................................33
Section H. Reasons for premature discontinuation from study medication ................................34
Section I. Baseline characteristics .............................................................................................35
Section J. Treatment and observation times .............................................................................38
Section K. Absolute reductions in incidence rates for cardiovascular outcomes. .......................39
Section L. Categories of cardiovascular death ..........................................................................40
Section M. Cardiovascular outcomes with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg ...............................41
Section N. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome and for cardiovascular death ..............46
Section O. Sensitivity analyses .................................................................................................51
Section P. Weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, low density and high density
lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid over time. .........................................................................55
Section Q. Glucose-lowering and cardiovascular medications introduced post-baseline ...........62
Section R. Complicated urinary tract infections .........................................................................64
Section S. Clinical laboratory data.............................................................................................65

Section A. List of investigators

Argentina: D. Aizenberg, Centro Mdico Viamonte, Capital Federal, BS AS; M. Ulla, ILAIMCEOM, Crdoba, CBA; J. Waitman, Centro Diabetologico Dr Waitman, Crdoba, CBA; L. De
Loredo, Hospital Privado - Centro Mdico de Crdoba S.A., Parque Velez Sarfield, CBA; J.
Faras, H. Fideleff, Sanatorio Gemes, Capital Federal, BS AS; M. Lagrutta, Instituto de
Investigaciones Clinicas, Rosario, STA FE; N. Maldonado, Centro Medico de Alta Complejidad,
Rosario, STA FE; H. Colombo, Clinica Privada Colombo, Cordoba, CO; F. Ferre Pacora, Centro
Mdico Colon, Cordoba, CO; A. Wasserman, Fepreva, Buenos Aires, BA; L. Maffei,
Consultorios Asociados de Endocrinologa e Invest Clnica, Capital Federal, BS AS; Australia:
R. Lehman, Adelaide Medical Research, Ashford, SA; J. Selvanayagam, Heart and Vascular
Institute, Fullarton, SA; M. dEmden, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital; Herston, QLD;
Austria: P. Fasching, Wilhelminenspital Wien, Wien; B. Paulweber, LKH Salzburg - St.
Johanns-Spital, Salzburg; H. Toplak, Medical University Graz, Graz; A. Luger, Univ.-Klinik fr
Innere Medizin III, Wien; H. Drexel, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch; R. Prager,
Krankenhaus Hietzing mit NZR, Wien; C. Schnack, G. Schernthaner, Krankenanstalt
Rudolfstiftung inkl. Semmelweis Frauenklinik, Wien; G. Schernthaner, Univ. Klinik fr Innere
Medizin II, Wien; E. Fliesser-Grzer, Ordination Dr. Fliesser-Grzer, St. Stefan; S. Kaser,
Universittsklinik Innsbruck, Innsbruck; Belgium: A. Scheen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de
Lige, Lige; L. Van Gaal, UZA, Edegem; G. Hollanders, Dr. Geert Hollanders, De Pinte; Y.
Kockaerts, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk; L. Capiau, Dr. Luc Capiau, Massemen-Wetteren; A.
Chachati, CHR Huy, Huy; A. Persu, M. Hermans, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles ;
D. Vantroyen, Huisartsenpraktijk Hygeia, Hasselt; C. Vercammen, Imelda ZH Bonheiden,
Bonheiden; P.Van de Borne, Hpital universitaire Erasme, Bruxelles; K. Benhalima, C. Mathieu,
UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven; F. Lienart, CHU de Tivoli, La Louvire; J. Mortelmans, Private
Practice, Oostham; M. Strivay, CHR de la Citadelle - Site Citadelle, Lige; G. Vereecken, Dr
Guy Vereecken, Halen; B. Keymeulen, F. Lamkanfi, UZ Brussel, Brussel; Brazil: A. Chacra,
Hospital So Paulo UNIFESP, Villa Clementino, SP; F. Eliaschewitz, Centro de Pesquisas
Clnicas Ltda, Higienpolis, SP; M. Zanella, Hospital do Rim e Hipertenso, Vila Clementino,
SP; A. Faludi, M. Bertolami, Instituto Dante Pazzanese De Cardiologia, So Paulo, Brasil; C.
Hayashida, Blumenau Servios Mdicos S/C Ltda, Vila Leopoldina, SP; J. Nunes Salles, O.
Monte, Salles, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericrdia de So Paulo, Vila Albuquerque, SP;
M. Dinato, Centro de Pesquisas Clinicas do Hospital Guilherme lvaro, Boqueiro, ST; E.
Manenti, Hospital Me de Deus, Porto Alegre, RS; N. Rassi, Hospital Geral de Goinia,
Goinia, Brasil; A. Halpern, Hospital das Clinicas de Sao Paulo FMUSP, So Paulo, Brasil; M.

Lima Filho, Hospital Electro Bonini Universidade de Ribeiro Preto, Ribeiro Preto, BR; J.
Ayoub, Instituto de Molestias Cardiovasculares IMC, So Jos do Rio Preto, BR; J. Felicio,
Hospital Universitrio Joo de Barros Barreto, Belm, PA; J. Borges, Centro de Pesquisa
Clnica do Brasil, Braslia, BR; J. Gross, Centro de Pesquisas em Diabetes, Porto Alegre, RS; J.
Sgarbi, Hospital de Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia, Marilia, BR; R. Betti, Instituto
do Corao, So Paulo, Brasil; A. Tiburcio, S. Purisch, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Belo
Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, BR; H. Schmid, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto
Alegre, Porto Algre, BR; M. Takahashi, Universidade Estadual de Maring, Maring, BR; M.
Castro, Instituto de Pesquisa Clnica e Medicina Avanada, So Paulo, BR; R. Rea,
Universidade Federal do Paran, Curitiba, BR; M. Hissa, Centro de Pesquisas em Diabetes e
Doenas, Fortaleza, Brasil; B. Geloneze Neto, Ced Centro de Endocrinologia e Diabetes,
Campinas, Brasil; J. Saraiva, Hospital e Maternidade Celso Peirro PUCCAMP, Campinas,
Brasil; Canada: S. Henein, SKDS Research Incorporated, Newmarket, ON; H. Lochnan,
Ottawa, ON; S.A. Imran, D. Clayton, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Centre for Clinical Research,
Halifax, NS; K. Bayly, Mount Royal Family Physicians, Saskatoon, SK; J. Berlingieri, Burlington,
ON; P. Boucher, Longueuil, QC; Y. Chan, Niagara Falls, ON; M. Gupta, Brampton, ON; R.
Chehayeb, A. Ouellett, ViaCar Recherche Clinique Inc, Longueuil, QC; E. Ur, Vancouver, BC;
V. Woo, Winnipeg, MB; B. Zinman, Toronto, ON; E. St. Amour, Q&T Research Outaouais,
Gatineau, QC; Colombia: M. Terront Lozano, UNIENDO Unidad Integral de Endocrinologia,
Bogot, Colombia; H. Yupanqui Lozno, Dexa-Diab IPS, Bogot, CO; M. Urina, Fundacin del
Caribe para la Investigacin Biomdica, Barranquilla, Atlantico; P. Lopez Jaramillo, Fundacin
Oftalmologica de Santander, Floridablanca, CO; N. Jaramillo, CEMDE, Medelln, CO; G.
Sanchez, CEQUIN, Armenia, CO; G. Prez, Cardiolab Ltda., Bogot, CO; Croatia: S. Tusek,
Specialized Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation, Krapinske Toplice; G. Mirosevic, V. Goldoni ,
University Hospital Centre 'Sestre Milosrdnice', Zagreb; D. Jurisic-Erzen, University Hospital
Centre Rijeka, Rijeka; A. Balasko, S. Balic, General Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb; E. DrvodelicSunic, General Hospital Karlovac, Karlovac; S. Canecki Varzic, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek,
Osijek; Czech Republic: M. Machkova, CCBR Czech Prague s.r.o., Praha 3; P. Weiner,
Diabetology Out Patient Clinic of Hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Jindrichuv Hradec; J. Lastuvka,
Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; J. Olsovsky, St. Anna Hospital, Brno; Denmark: T. Krarup,
Bispebjerg Hospital, Kbenhavn NV; M. Ridderstrle, L. Tarnow, T. Wellv Boesgaard, Steno
Diabetes Center, Gentofte; A. Stre Lihn, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers N; P.
Christensen, H. Juhl, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse; S. Urhammer, Frederiksberg Hospital,
Frederiksberg; P. Lund, Forskningscentret Nordsjllands Hospital, Helsingr; Estonia: B.

Adojaan, Tartu Endocrinology Centre, Tartu; . Jakovlev, East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallin;
R. Lanno, Merelahe Family Doctors Centre, Tallinn; M. Lubi, T. Marandi, Tartu University
Hospital, Tartu; T. Marandi, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallin; France: D. Gouet,
HOP Saint Louis, La Rochelle Cedex 1; J. Courrges, CH Narbonne, Narbonne Cedex; P.
Zaoui, Chu de Grenoble, Grenoble; G. Choukroun, Chu Sud, Amiens; C. Petit, Centre
Hospitalier Gnral Sud Francilien, Corbeil Essonnes; L. Formagne, Cabinet Mdical, Derval; B.
Estour, Hpital Nord, Saint Priez en Jarez; P. Mabire, Cabinet Mdical, Fleury sur Orne; C.
Daugenet, Cabinet Mdical, Equeurdreville Haineville; B. Lemarie, Cabinet Mdical, Bourg des
cptes; S. Clavel, Hpital Htel Dieu, Le Creusot; P. Aure, Cabinet Mdical, Angers; P. Remaud,
Cabinet Mdical, Angers; J. Halimi, CHU de Tours, Tours; S. Hadjadj, Hpital de Poitiers,
Poitiers; T. Couffinhal, Hpital Cardiologique du Haut Levque, Pessac; Georgia: S. Glonti,
Unimed Ajara LLC, Batumi; D. Metreveli, David Metreveli Medical Centre Ltd., Tbilisi; Z.
Lominadze, L&J Clinic, Kutaisi; E. Giorgadze, National Institute of Endocrinology Ltd., Tbilisi; T.
Burtchuladze, L. Javashvili, Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy Clinic "Medulla", Tbilisi; G.
Kurashvili, R. Kurashvili, National Center for Diabetes Research Ltd., Tbilisi; D. Virsaladze,
Medical Centre Medelite Ltd., Tbilisi; L. Nadareishvili, A. Khomasuridze, Zhordania Institute of
Human Reproduction, Tbilisi; United Kingdom: T. Cahill, The Research Unit, Frome, Somerset;
F. Green, NHS Dumfries & Galloway, Dumfries; S. MacRury, Highland Diabetes Institute,
Inverness; M. Waldron, A. Middleton, Fowey River Practice, Fowey; J. McKnight, Western
General Hospital, Edinburgh; E. Pearson, NHS Tayside, Dundee; M. Butler, Waterloo Medical
Centre, Blackpool; M. Choksi, I. Caldwell, Swan Lane Medical Centre, Bolton; I. Farmer,
Stanwell Road Surgery, Ashford; N. Wyatt, J. Patrick, The Health Centre, Bradford on Avon; I.
O'Brien, NHS Lanarkshire, Wishaw; M. Devers, NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, Lanarks; Greece: S.
Bousboulas, S. Pappas, General Hospital of Nikaia, Nikaia; G. Piaditis, General Hospital of
Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens; A. Vryonidou, "Korgialenio-Benakio", Hellenic Red Cross
Hospital, Athens; N. Tentolouris, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens; K. Karamitsos,
General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa; C. Manes, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Thessaloniki;
M. Benroubi, General Hospital of Athens "Polikliniki", Athens; I. Avramidis, General Hospital of
Thessaloniki "G. Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki; Hong Kong: R. Ozaki, Prince of Wales Hospital,
Hong Kong; K. Tan, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; S. Siu, T. Ip, Tung Wah Eastern
Hospital, Hong Kong; C. Tsang, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong; Hungary:
M. Dudas, Bekes County Pandy Kalman Hospital, Gyula; K. Nagy, Synexus Hungary Ltd.,
Budapest; C. Salamon, Clinfan SMO Ltd., Szekszard; L. Ger, Semmelweis University,
Budapest; J. Patkay, Szent Pantaleon Hospital, Dunaujvaros; A. Tabak, G. Tamas,

Semmelweis University, Budapest; F. Juhasz, CEE Research Kft., Kisvarda; I. Szentpeteri,

CRU Hungary Kft., Szikszo; India: N. Ghaisas, Shatabbdi Superspeciality Hopsital, Nashik,
Maharashtra; G. Bantwal, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore; V. Mohan, Dr
Mohan's Diabetes Specialities, Chennai; J. Gupta, S. R. Kalla Gastroentoroly & General
Hospital, Jaipur; N. Sadhu, Shree Krishna Hospital and Heart Care Centre, Ahmedabad,
Ahmedabad; A. Kulkarni, Deendayal Memorial Hospital, Pune, Pune; N. Garg, Tagore Hospital
and Heart Care Centre, Jalandhar; S. Reddy, Sumana Hospital, Hyderabad; N. Deshpande,
Spandan Heart Institute and Research Centre, Nagpur; K. Gutlapalli, Dr. Ramesh Cardiac and
Multispecialty Hospital Ltd, Vijaywada; M. Pillai, Lakshmi Hospital, Cochin; R. Premchand,
Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad; M. Badgandi, Manipal Hospital,
Bangalore, Karnataka; S. Jain, TOTAL Diabetes Hormone Institute, Indore, Madhya Pra; S.
Aravind, DIACON Hospital & Research Center, Bangalore, NA; P. Shamanna, Bangalore
Clinisearch, Bangalore; A. Pandey, Heritage Hospital Ltd., Varanasi, UP; S. Gupta, Diabetes
Care n Research Centre, Nagpur; Indonesia: B. Pramono, Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta; H.
Dante Saksono, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta; P. Agung, Soetomo Hospital,
Surabaya; S. Djoko Wahono, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang; K. Suastika, Sanglah Hospital,
Denpasar, Bali; Y. Tanggo, Rumah Sakit FK UKI, Jakarta; Y. Juwana, Cinere Hospital, Depok;
B. Siswanto, Harapan Kita National Cardiovascular Center, Jakarta; Israel: F. Adawi, ZIV
Medical Center, Safed; S. Efrati, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin; E. Mazen, Haemek
Medical Centre, Afula; A. Bashkin, T. Herskovits, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya; A. Jaffe,
Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera; E. Schiff, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa; J. Wainstein,
The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon; Italy: S. Taddei, Dipartimento Medicina Interna, Pisa, IT;
A. Aiello, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Campobasso, IT; M.
Arca, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Roma, IT; P. Calabro, U.O.C. di Cardiologia,
Napoli, IT; M. Cignarelli, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Foggia, IT; P. Fioretto, Azienda
Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, IT; G. Marchesini Reggiani, Policlinico "S. Orsola-Malpighi",
Bologna, IT; A. Gnasso, A:o. "Mater Domini" , Catanzaro, IT; N. Marchionni, A. Marsilii, A.O.
"Careggi", Firenze, IT; M. Bucci, A. Mezzetti, Fondazione Universit "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, IT;
P. Pozzilli, Area Endocrinologia, Roma, IT; F. Colivicchi, M. Santini, Divisione di Cardiologia,
Roma, IT; E. Moro, A. Semplicini, U.O. di Mediicna Interna, Venezia, IT; V. Toscano, U.O.C.
Endocrinologia, Roma, IT; A. Fucili, Centro per lo Scompenso Cardiaco, Ferrara, I; Japan: S.
Monno, Chibanishi General Hospital, Matsudoshi, Chiba; K. Furui, Hanyu General Hospital,
Hanyushi, Saitama; S. Higashiue, N. Hiramatsu, Kishiwada Tokushukai Hospital, Kishiwadashi.
Osaka; K. Kawamitsu, Okinawa Tokushukai medical corporation, Shimajiri-gun,Okinawa; T.

Takenaka, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Nishi-ku, Sapporoshi,

Hokkaido; H. Takahashi, Iryouhouijneiwakai Minamiakatsuka clinic, Mitoshi, Ibaraki; F. Hojo,
Kobari General Hospital, Nodashi, Chiba; Y. Onishi, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Chuo-ku,
Tokyo; K. Izumino, Fujikoshi Hospital, Toyamashi, Toyama; M. Okubo, Gifu Heart Center,
Gifushi, Gifu; Y. Wakida, Daishinkai Medical Corporation Ookuma Hospital, Kita-ku, Nagoyashi,
Aichi; Y. Kondo, Clinic Horikawa, Kamigyo-ku, Kyotoshi, Kyoto; K. Hieshima, H. Jinnouchi,
Jinnouchi Diabetes Center, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto; A. Suzuki, M. Ito, Fujita Health
University Hospital, Toyoakeshi, Aichi; Republic of Korea: S. Park, Severance Hospital, Seoul,
NA; Y. Kim, Asan Medical Center, Seoul; T. Hong, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan;
H. Park, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu; H. Gwon, Samsung Medical Center,
Seoul; H. Kim, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul; K. Kang, S. Lee, Eulji University
Hospital, Daejeon; M. Jeong, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; K. Seung, The
Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; D. Lim, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul; S. Rha,
Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; S. Tahk, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon; J. Yang,
National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; J. Yoon, Wonju Severance Christian
Hospital, Wonju; M. Shin, Gachon University Gil Medical center, Incheon; D. Kim, Inje University
Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan; J. Jeong, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejoen;
Malaysia: N. Nik Ahmad, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang; N. Mustafa, Pusat
Perubatan University, Kuala Lumpur; W. Wan Mohamed, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Kelantan; Y. Fung, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu; R. Abdul Ghani, A. Chandramouli,
Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor; K. Chee, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur;
K. Abdul Kadir, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Selangor Darul Ehsan; K. Ling, Hospital
Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru; M. Abu Hassan, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah; S. Foo,
Hospital Selayang, Selangor; Mexico: P. Garcia Hernandez, Hospital Universitario de Nuevo
Leon, Monterrey, Nl; C. Aguilar-Salinas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Mdicas y Nutricin,
Distrito Federal, Mex; M. Vidrio Velazquez, Unidad de Investigacion Clinica Cardiometabolica,
Colonia Americana, Gua; F. Flores, Hospital Dr. Angel Leao, Los Robles, Mex; M. Alpizar
Salazar, Centro Especializado de Diabetes, Reforma Social, Mex; D. Micher Escalante, M.
Garcia Soria, Clinical Research Institute, San Lucas tepetlcalco, Mex; E. Cardona Muoz, ICLE
SC, Ladron de Guevara, MEx; Netherlands: G. Storms, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Utrecht; N.
Schaper, Maastricht UMC+ (UM en azM werken samen onder de naam Maastricht UMC+),
Maastricht; A. Kooy, Bethesda Ziekenhuis, Hoogeveen; M. Krekels, Orbis Medisch Centrum,
Geleen; T. Bemmel van, R. Verhoeven, Gelre Ziekenhuizen Apeldoorn, Apeldoorn; H. Mulder,
Rotterdam Research Institute, Rotterdam; P. Oldenburg-Ligtenberg, Meander Medisch

Centrum, locatie Amersfoort Lichtenberg, Amersfoort; F. Gonkel, Ropcke-Zweers Ziekenhuis,

Hardenberg; A. Jong de, Huisartsenpraktijk De Hooge Boom, Hoogwoud; J. Soest van,
Huisartsenmaatschap LSV, Nijverdal; P. Viergever, Gemini Ziekenhuis, Den Helder; H.
Mevissen, Huisartsenpraktijk Wildervank, Wildervank; G. Lochorn, Medisch Centrum Gorecht,
Hoogezand; G. Zwiers, Vlietland Ziekenhuis, Schiedam; P. Hoogslag, Diaconessenhuis Meppel,
Meppel; E. Ronner, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft; P. Nierop, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis,
Rotterdam; N. Al Windy, Gelre Ziekenhuizen locatie Zutphen, Zutphen; J. Kragten, Atrium
Medisch Centrum, locatie Heerlen, Heerlen; P. Dekelver, Huisartsenpraktijk Dekelver, Baarle Nassau; New Zealand: J. Benatar, Auckland City Hospital, Grafton / Auckland; J. Krebs,
Wellington Hospital, Wellington; R. Scott, Christchurch Hospital Campus, Christchurch;
Norway: E. Heggen, Oslo Universitetssykehus HF, Oslo; A. Berz, Medisinsk Senter Fornebu ,
Fornebu; C. Fossum, Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Gjvik; U. Hurtig, Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Avd.
Tynset, Tynset; G. Langslet, Oslo Universitetssykehus HF, Oslo; M. Baranowski, Intern Medic,
Trondheim; J. Sparby, Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Kongsvinger, Kongvinger; T. Karlsson, Dr.
Thomas Karlsson, Klfta; Peru: C. Delgado Torres, Instituto Delgado de Investigacion Medica,
Arequipa, PE; A. Rodriguez Escudero, Hospital Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Bellavista, PE; R.
Lisson, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Jesus Maria, Lima; A. Allemant
Maldonado, Hospital Nacional Hiplito Unanue, El Agustino, PE; W. Gallardo Rojas, Instituto
Medico Miraflores, Miraflores, PE; L. Gonzales Bravo, Clinica Medica San Martin, Ica, PE; J.
Lema Osores, Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, PE; J. Farfan, Instituto
Endocrinologico Farfan, Arequipa, PE; L. Zapata, Casa de Diabetes & Nutricin, Lima, PE; J.
Godoy Junchaya, Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrin, Lima, PE; Y. Roldan Concha, J.
Urquiaga Calderon, Centro de Investigacin Heart Help, Lima, LI; Philippines: R. Sy, Cardinal
Santos Medical Center, Manila; G. Tan, Cebu Doctors University Hospital, Cebu; G. Aquitania,
Philippine Nikkei Jin Kai Polyclinic and Diagnostic Center, Davao; G. De Los Santos,
Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila; A. Panelo, UERM-Institute for Studies on Diabetes
Foundation,Inc, Marikina City; O. Roderos, De La Salle University Medical Center, Cavite City;
R. Rosales, Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila; R. Toledo, Seor Santo Nio Hospital, Tarlac;
A. Liwag, West Visayas State University Medical Center, Jaro Iloilo City; H. Ramoncito, Amang
Rodriguez Medical Centre, Marikina City; Poland: E. Skokowska, NZOZ Przychodnia
Specjalistyczna "Medica", Lublin; E. Krzyzagorska, Private Practice Dr. Ewa Krzyzagorska,
Poznan; M. Ogorek, NZOZ All-Med Medical Centre, Lodz; L Wojnowski, Citomed Sp. Z.o.o.,
Torun; J. Spyra, Specialized Practice Dr. Janusz Spyra, Ruda Slaska; M. Konieczny,
Specialized Physician's Office Ko-Med, Pulawy; W. Piesiewicz, Medical Centre Hospital Swietej

Rodziny, Lodz; W. Kus, Individual Specialized Practice, Lodz; A. Ocicka-Kozakiewicz, NonPublic HealthCare Center "Nasz Lekarz", Torun; E. Orlowska-Kunikowska, University Clinical
Center, Gdansk; W. Zmuda, Oswiecimskie Centrum Badan Klinicznych Medicome Sp. z o.o.,
Oswiecim; Portugal: S. Duarte, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa; A. Leito, Centro
Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa; P. Monteiro, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra,
Coimbra; H. Rita, Unidade de Sade do Litoral Alentejano, EPE, Santiago do Cacm; V.
Salgado, Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Amadora; L. Pinto, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria-Pombal,
EPE, Leiria; J. Queirs, Hospital de So Joo, Porto; J. Teixeira, Unidade Local de Sade do
Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo; C. Rogado, R. Duarte, APDP-Associao Protectora dos
Diabticos de Portugal, Lisboa; F. Sobral do Rosrio, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa; A. Silva, Centro
Hospitalar do Algarve, EPE, Faro; L. Andrade, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho,
Vila Nova de Gaia; M. Velez, Centro Hospitalar Mdio Tejo, EPE, Torres Novas; M. Brazo,
Servio Regio Autnoma da Madeira, EPE, Funchal, Madeira; Romania: O. Istratoaie, SC
Cardiocenter Dr. Istratoaie SRL, Craiova; R. Lichiardopol, Institute of Diabetes Nutrition and
Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest; D. Catrinoiu, County Clinical Hospital, Constanta; C. Militaru,
S.C. Cardiomed S.R.L, Craiova; C. Zetu, Institute of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases,
Bucharest; D. Barbonta, SC Diana Barbonta SRL, Alba Iulia; D. Cosma, Pelican Impex SRL,
Cabinet Nr. 15, Oradea; C. Crisan, RAI Medicals SRL, Mediab SRL, Targu-Mures; L. Pop,
Cabinet Med. Individual Diabet, Nutritie, Boli Metabolice Private Practice Dr. Lavinia Pop, Baia
Mare Maramures; Russia: V. Esip, Saint Petersburg State Healthcare Institution, St.
Petersburg, F. Khetagurova, A. Petrov, Vsevolozhsk Central Regional Hospital, Vsevolozhsk; G.
Arutyunov, City Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow; M. Boyarkin, City Alexander Hospital St.
Petersburg, St. Petersburg; A. Agafyina, Saint-Petersburg GUZ "City Clinical Hospital #40, Saint
Petersburg; N. Vorokhobina, St. Petersburg GUZ City Clinical Hospital of Saint Elizabeth, St.
Petersburg; N. Petunina, City Clinical Hospital No. 67, Moscow; I. Libov, Moscow GUZ City
Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow; A. Zalevskaya, Autonomous nonprofit
organization, St. Petersburg; K. Nikolaev, City Clinical Hospital No. 19, Novosibirsk; O.
Barbarash, Heart & Vessels Diseases complex problems, Kemerovo; V. Potemkin, Moscow
GUZ City Clinical Hospital No. 68, Moscow; A. Bystrova, E. Krasilnikova, St. Petersburg State
Medical Univ. n.a. I Pavlov Roszdrava, St. Petersburg; V. Barbarich, City Clinical Hospital No.
1, Novosibirsk; G. Chumakova, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul; N. Tarasov, Medicosanitary Unit of Main Dept. of Internal Affairs, Kemerovo; T. Meleshkevich, Central Clinical
Hospital No. 2, Moscow; D. Zateyshchikov, City Hospital No. 17, Moscow; O. Lantseva, StPetersburg State Healthcare Institution, St. Petersburg; D. Belenkiy, MUZ Novosibirsk Municipal

Clinical Hospital of Emergency No. 2, Novosibirsk; A. Obrezan, LLC International Medical

Center SOGAZ, Saint Petersburg; L. Rossolko, City Polyclinic No. 120, Saint Petersburg; E.
Fillipova, LLC Medinet, Saint Petersburg; P. Yakhontova, Novosibirsk Regional Clinical,
Novosibirsk; A. Khokhlov, MUZ Clinical Hospital #2, Yaroslavl; Singapore: R. Tan, National
Heart Center, Singapore; C. Sum, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; H. Chang, Singapore
General Hospital, Singapore; South Africa: L. Distiller, Centre For Diabetes and Endocrinology,
Houghton; M. Pretorius, Tiervlei Trial Centre, Bellville; H. Nortje, Dr H. Nortje, Goodwood; E.
Mitha, Newtown Clinical Research Centre, Newtown; L. Burgess, Tread Research, Parow; S.
Blignaut, Paarl Research Centre, Paarl; T. Venter, Cardiology Clinical Research, Alberton; R.
Moodley, Dr. Moodley and Dr. Sarvan, Tongaat; J. Lombaard, Josha Research Centre,
Bloemfontein; U. Govind, Dr U. Govind, Sydenham; V. Naidoo, Durban, KZN; M. Mookadam,
Langeberg Clinical Trials, Cape town, WC; J. Engelbrecht, Vergelegen Medi-Clinic, Somerset
West; M. Omar, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Durban; J. Jurgens, DJW Navorsing,
Krugersdorp; G. Podgorski, Greenacres Hospital, Port Elizabeth; H. Vawda, D. Naidoo,
Cardiology Research Clinic, Durban, KZN; S. Emanuel, Synopsis Research, Cape Town, WC;
A. Roodt, Clinresco Centre (Pty) Ltd, Kempton Park, GAU; A. Amod, Medical Centre,
Chatsworth Unit 10, KZN; L. Van zyl, Clinical Projects Research, Worcester, WC; Spain: J.
Segura, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid; M. Brito, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro,
Mahadahonda (Madrid); A. Fernandez-Cruz, Hospital Clnico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid;
S. Artola, Centro de Salud Maria Jesus Hereza, Leganes (Madrid); R. Iglesias, Centro de Salud
Pedro Lain Entralgo, Alcorcon (Madrid); E. Toural, Centro de Salud Lavapies, Madrid; L. GarciaOrtiz, Centro de Salud La Alamedilla, Salamanca; J. Saban, Hospital Universitario Ramon y
Cajal, Madrid; J. Mesa, Hospital Vall dHebron, Barcelona; J. Vidal, Hospital Clinic i Provincial
de Barcelona, Barcelona; J. Linares, Clinica Inmaculada Concepcion, Granada; F. del Caizo,
Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid; M. Rigla, Corporacio Sanitaria Parc Tauli, Sabadell
(Barcelona); C. Suarez, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid; I. Llorente, Hospital Nuestra
Seora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife; B. Moreno, Hospital General universitario,
Madrid; A. Antoli, F. Gomez Peralta, Hospital Nuestra Seora de Sonsoles, Avila; M. Iglesias,
CAP Bada del Valls, Bada del Valls Barcelona; F. Gomez-Peralta, Hospital General de
Segovia, Segovia; V Pereg, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca; L. de Teresa, Instituto
de Ciencias Mdicas, Alicante; M. Camafort, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona,
Barcelona; C. Trescoli, Hospital de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia; Sri Lanka: R. Satarasinghe, Sri
Jayewardenepura General Hospital & PGMI, Nugegoda; N. Somasundaram, National Hospital,
Colombo; S. Siyambalapitiya, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama; C. Antonypillai,

Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, Kandy; D. Bulugahapitiya, Diabetes Clinic, Kalubowila; U.

Medagama, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Kandy; Taiwan: C. Huang, Chung Shan Medical
University Hospital, Taichung; Y. Lu, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung; J. Hwang, National Taiwan
University Hospital, Taipei; C. Chiang, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; M. Wen,
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,Linkou, Taoyuan; J. Chen, National Cheng Kung University
Hospital, Tainan; W. Lai, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung; K. Chang, China
Medical University Hospital, Taichung; J. Wang, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien; H.
Yeh, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taipei County; Thailand: P. Kriangsak, Udonthani
Hospital, Muang District; C. Deerochanawong, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok; S. Suwanwalaikorn,
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok; A. Mangklabruks, Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai
Hospital, Chiang Mai; P. Kaewsuwanna, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital,
Nakhonratchasima; D. Piyayotai, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Tani; Ukraine: M.
Iabluchanskyi, Clinical Hospital No. 5, Kharkov; O. Samoylov, Scientific Center of Radiation,
Kiev; O. Godlevska, City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Care, Kharkov; O. Kovalyova, Kharkiv
City Hospital No. 3, Kharkiv; O. Voloshyna, Odessa State Medical University, Odessa; V.
Tseluyko, City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Kharkiv; S. Zotov, I. Vykhovanyuk, Clinic for Cardiology
"Sertse i sudyny" LTD, Kiev; United States of America: A. Dulgeroff, High Desert Medical
Group, Lancaster, CA; R. Mayfield, Mountain View Clinical Research, Greer, SC; M. ZaniewskiSingh, Michelle Zaniewski, M.D., PA, Houston, TX; J. Ullal, J. Aloi, The Strelitz Diabetes Center,
Norfolk, VA; R. De La Rosa, Four Rivers Clinical Research, Paducah, KY; J. Mosely, B.
Wittmer, Commonwealth Biomedical Research LLC, Madisonville, KY; S. Aronoff, Research
Institute of Dallas, Dallas, TX; J. Rosenfeld, M. Seidner, Green and Seidner Family Practice,
Lansdale, PA; M. Warren, Physicians East, PA, Greenville, NC; N. Fishman, Diabetes and
Endocrine Specialists Inc, Chesterfield, MO; R. Weiss, Maine Research Associates, Auburn,
ME; A. Arif, Apex Medical Research, Flint, MI; M. Sandberg, Westcott Medical Center,
Flemington, NJ; D. Lewis, Arkansas Primary Care Clinics, Little Rock, AK; E. Ball, Walla Walla
Clinic, Walla Walla, WA; R. Graf, MultiCare Specialties Research, Tacoma, WA; C. Breton,
International Research Associates, LLC, Miami, FL; R. Tamayo, Genesis Research
International, Longwood, FL; R. Richards, W. Cefalu, G. Uwaifo, Louisiana State University,
New Orleans, LA; D. Zayour, J. Hoffman, Via Christi Clinic, PA, Wichita, KS; D. Fitz-Patrick,
East-West Medical Research, Honolulu, HI; B. Khan, Atlanta Clinical Research Center, Atlanta,
GA; K. Blaze, South Broward Research, Pembroke Pines, FL; P. Bressler, North Texas
Endocrine Center, Dallas, TX; S. Halpern, D. Chappell, Radiant Research, Inc, Santa Rosa, CA;
R. Bergenstal, R. Cuddihy, G. Matfin, International Diabetes Center, Minneapolis, MN; Z.

Freedman, Endocrine-Diabetes Care and Resource Center, Rochester, NY; J. GonzalezCampoy, Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism, & Edocrinology, PA, Eagan, MN; S.
Lerman, The Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Ft. Lauderdale, FL; M. Rendell,
Creighton University School of Medicine Diabetes Center, Omaha, NE; S. Sitar, Orange County
Research Institute, Anaheim, CA; M. Reeves, Michael L. Reeves, MD, Chattanooga, TN; T.
Howard, Medical Affiliated Research Center, Inc, Huntsville, AL; J. Soufer, Chase Medical
Research, LLC, Waterbury, CT; B. Miranda-Palma, University of Miami/ Diabetes Research
Institute, Miami, FL; A. Laliotis, Integrated Research Center, San Diego, CA; M. Shomali, Union
Memorial Hospital Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Baltimore, MD; M. Teltser, A & R Research
Group, LLC, Pembroke Pines, FL; D. Hurley, Medical Research South, LLC, Charleston, SC; E.
Morawski, Holston Medical Group, Kingsport, TN; R. Cherlin, Richard Cherlin, MD, Los Gatos,
CA; V. Houchin, Harrisburg Family Medical Center, Harrisburg, AR; M. Welch, D. Goytia-Leos,
Consano Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX; M. Syed, Ilumina Clinical Associates, Indiana, PA;
E. Kowaloff, L. Weinrauch, Atlantic Clinical Trials, LLC, Watertown, MA; J. Peniston, Avington
Memorial Hospital, Feasterville Trevose, PA; A. Brockmyre, Holston Medical Group, Bristol, TN;
B. First, Ritchken & First MD's, San Diegeo, CA; L. Feld, Horizon Clinical Research Associates,
Gilbert, AZ; D. Huffman, University Diabetes & Endocrine Consultants, Inc, Chattanooga, TN; O.
Nassim, Clinical Research, Inc, Huntington Park, CA; G. Gottschlich, New Horizons Clinical
Research, Cincinnati, OH; A. Patel, C. Knopke, Integrated Research Group, Inc, Riverside, CA;
M. Hernandez, Berma Research Group, Hialeah, FL; J. Diaz, The Community Research of
South Florida, Hialeah, FL; G. Giugliano, J. Nicasio, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA;
D. Eagerton, Carolina Health Specialists, Myrtle Beach, SC; R. Huntley, Norwalk Medical,
Norwalk, CT; J. Reed, III, Endocrine Research Solutions, Inc, Roswell, GA; M. Magee, MedStar
Health Research Institute, Washington, DC; R. Hippert, Integrated Medical Group PC,
Fleetwood, PA; C. Sofley, Jr., Internal Medicine Associates of Anderson, PA, Anderson, SC; O.
Alzohaili, Alzohaili Medical Consultants, Dearborn, MI; P. Levins, R. Anspach, Clinical Research
Advantage, Inc, Phoenix, AZ; S. Shah, St. Joseph's Medical Associates, Stockton, CA; O.
Brusco, Osvaldo Brusco, MD, Corpus Christi, TX; J. Naidu, Naidu Clinic, Odessa, TX; J.
Lindenbaum, Jeffry Lindenbaum DO, PC, Yardley, PA; R. Jacks, Hill County Medical
Associates, New Braunfels, TX; G. Hammond, Dormir Clinical Trials, Inc, Midvale, UT; C.
Arena, Utah Clinical Trials, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT; K. Saxman, Oregon Medical Group Adult
Medicine Clinic, Eugene, OR; M. Mach, Valley Endocrine & Diabetes Consultants, Inc, Valencia,
CA; H. Kerstein, Howard Kerstein, MD, Denver, CO; D. Kereiakes, The Carl and Edyth Linder
Center For Research and Education, Cincinnati, OH; J. Wahlen, Advanced Research Institute,

South Ogden, UT; K. Wehmeier, UF Endocrinology & Diabetes, Jacksonville, FL; L. Chaykin,
Meriden Research, Bradenton, FL; J. Rothman, University Physicians Group, Staten Island, NY;
L. Fogelfeld, John H. Stroger Jr, Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL; N. Bittar, Gemini
Scientific, LLC, Madison, WI; J. Rosenstock, Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Dallas, TX;
D. Kayne, Medical Group of Encino, Encino, CA; J. Navarro, Genesis Clinical Research,
Tampa, FL; H. Colfer, Nisus Research, Petoskey, MI; S. Mokshagundam, Robley Rex VA
Medical Center, Louisville, KY; L. Shandilya, Ettrick Health Center, PA, South Chesterfield, VA;
L. Connery, Lion Research, Norman, OK; C. Wysham, Rockwood Diabetes and Metabolic
Health Center, Spokane, WA; A. Dela Llana, MediSphere Medical Research Center, LLC,
Evansville, IN; M. Jardula, Desert Oasis Healthcare, Palm Springs, CA; M. MacAdams, Lubbock
Diagnostic Clinic, Lubbock, TX; G. Flippo, Alabama Clinical Therapeutics, LLC, Birmingham,
AL; E. Heurich, C. Curtis, Compass Research, Orlando, FL; D. Sanders, R. Rawls, Horizan
Research Group, Inc, Mobile, AL; F. Velazquez, Pioneer Research Solutions, Inc, Houston, TX;
E. Osea, Innovative Clinical Research, Inc, Harbor City, CA; K. Mahood, Family Medicine of
Sayebrook, Myrtle Beach, SC; G. Feldman, South Carolina Pharmaceutical Research,
Spartanburg, SC; F. Eder, United Medical Associates, Binghamton, NY; E. Riley, IV, W. Fowler,
Tower Pointe Research Center, Hodges, SC; M. Jain, Southwest Clinical Research Centers,
LLC, Pearland, TX; M. Shepard, Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD; M. Schear, Dayton
Clinical Research, Dayton, OH; B. Barker, Delaware Research, Delaware, OH; C. Strout,
Coastal Carolina Research Center, Mt. Pleasant, SC; O. Obiekwe, Ropheka Medical Center,
Riverdale, GA; M. Shanik, Endocrine Associates of Long Island, PC, Smithtown, NY; C. Green,
E. Blakney, The Green Clinic PC, Memphis, TN; K. Roberson, Delta Waves, Inc., Colorado
Springs, CO; E. Bretton, Albuquerque Clinical Trials, Albuquerque, NM; R. Pish, Pish Medical
Associates, Uniontown, PA; K. Kaveh, Coastal Nephrology Associates Research Center, LLC,
Port Charlotte, FL; B. Maynard, W. Barager, R. Soldyshev, Great Falls Clinic, LLP, Great Falls,
MT; B. Austin, Preferred Primary Care Physicians, Inc, Pittsburgh, PA; P. Parmar, R. Simpson,
The Lynn Institute, Denver, CO; A. Chauhan, Prime Medicial Group, Clairton, PA; J. Kasper, R.
Burr, Focus Clinical Research, Draper, UT; N. Patel, Wells Institute for Health Awareness,
Kettering, OH; H. Mariano, Research Center of Fresno, Inc, Fresno, CA; T. Pluto, Fay West
Family Practice, Scottdale, PA; C. Bratcher, Diabetes America at Plano, Plano, TX; M. Juarez,
Panacea Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX; L. Levinson, Tipton Medical & Diagnostic Center,
Tipton, PA; A. Awad, Clinical Research Consultants, LLC, Kansas City, MO; K. Longshaw,
Leading Edge Research, PA, Dallas, TX; K. Hoffman, TRY Research, Maitland, FL; R.
Richwine, Texas Health Physicians Group, Fort Worth, TX; D. Molter, North Myrtle Beach

Family Practice, North Myrtle Beach, SC; J. Boscia, III, CU Pharmaceutical Research, Union,
SC; S. Kowalyk, Endocrinolgy Associates, Greensburg, PA; P. Lemis, Jefferson Cardiology
Association, Clairton, PA; J. Liss, Medical Research & Health Education Foundation Inc,
Columbus, GA; R. Orr, Phoenix Medical Group, PC, Peoria, AZ; J. Riser, Riser Medical
Research, Picayune, MS; J. Wood, Leading Edge Research, PA/INOVA, Richardson, TX; A.
Ubani, Windsor Medical Clinic, Tampa, FL; W. Paine, F. Hassani, Mileground Family Practice,
Morgantown, WV; F. Miranda, Dr. Francisco Miranda, Miami, FL; V. Hansen, Val R. Hansen,
MD, Bountiful, UT; N. Farris, The Research Group of Lexington, LLC, Lexington, KY; R.
Bowden, Charleston Internal Medicine Research Institute, Charleston, Charleston, WV; D. Ajani,
Southwest Clinical Trial, Houston, TX; K. Maw, J. Andersen, Meridien Research, Brooksville,
FL; B. Bergman, Benefis Health Group, Great Falls, MT; S. Dunmyer, Pharmacotherapy
Research Associates, Inc, Zanesville, OH; D. Brandon, California Research Foundation, San
Diego, CA; M. Anderson, Kernodle Clinic, Burlington, NC; P. Bononi, Partners in Nephrology &
Endocrinology, Pittsburgh, PA; J. Prawer, Joel Prawer, MD, Saint Petersburg, FL; B. Seidman,
Seidman Clinical Trials, Delray Beach, FL; H. Cruz, Florida Institute for Clinical Research,
Orlando, FL; K. Wilks, Kerri Wilks, MD; Hallandale Beach, FL; L. DiSanto, Lisa DiSanto, DO,
Saint Petersburg, FL; R. Buynak, Buynak Clinical Research, Valparaiso, IN; T. Christensen,
Calabash Medical Center, Calabash, NC; P. Denker, Gulfcoast Endocrine and Diabetes Center,
Clearwater, FL; W. Koppel, Walter Koppel, MD, Towson, MD; M. Stedman, Stedman Clinical
Trials, Tampa, FL; L. Lewy-Alterbaum, All Medical Research LLC, Cooper City, FL; S. Karim, J.
Shapiro, Philadelphia Health Associates, Philadelphia, PA; T. Gardner, T. Oskin, Northside
Internal Medicine, Spokane, WA; N. Gabra, J. Malano, Burke Internal Medicine & Research,
Burke, VA.

Section B. Trial committees and independent statistical center

Steering Committee
Bernard Zinman, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Christoph Wanner, Wrzburg University Clinic, Wrzburg, Germany;
John M. Lachin, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA; David Fitchett,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Erich Bluhmki, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &
Co. KG, Biberach, Germany; Odd Erik Johansen, Boehringer Ingelheim KS, Asker, Norway;
Hans J. Woerle, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany; Uli C.
Broedl, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany; Silvio E. Inzucchi,
Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
Data Monitoring Committee
Francine K. Welty (Chair), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA; Klaus G.
Parhofer, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Terje R. Pedersen, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway; Kennedy R Lees, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Tim Clayton, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Stuart Pocock (ad hoc), London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Mike Palmer (Independent Statistician), N Zero
1 Ltd, Wilmslow, UK.
Clinical Event Committee: Cardiology
Peter Clemmensen, Peer Grande, Steen Pehrson, Heart Center of Rigshospitalet, the
Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; James Januzzi Jr and Malissa J.
Wood, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Mark Petrie, Golden Jubilee National
Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Clinical Event Committee: Neurology
Tiina Sairanen, Turgut Tatlisumak, Lauri Soinne, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki,
Finland; Carlos Kase, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, USA; Tanya Turan, Medical
University of South Carolina (MUSC) Stroke Program, Charleston, USA.
Adjudication Committee: Hepatic
Paul Watkins, Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Research Triangle Part, North
Carolina, USA; James Lewis, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown

University Hospital, Washington, USA; James Freston, Division of Gastroenterology and

Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA; Steven Schenker,
University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
Adjudication Committee: Oncology
Rebecca Heist, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;
Richard J Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, USA; Ronald B Natale, Cedars-Sinai Outpatient Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA;
Ryan J Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, USA; Elizabeth I Buchbinder, Division of Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, USA; Gerald Chodak, Midwest Prostate and Urology Health Center, Weiss Memorial
Hospital, Chicago, USA
Independent Statistical Center
Martin Schumacher1, Claudia Schmoor2, Stefanie Hieke1,2, Kristin Ohneberg1, Clinical Trials
Unit1 and Institute for Medical Biometry2 of Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg,
Germany

Section C. Definition of high risk of cardiovascular events

High risk of cardiovascular events was defined as the presence of 1 of the following:

History of myocardial infarction >2 months prior to informed consent

Evidence of multi-vessel coronary artery disease i.e. in 2 major coronary arteries or the
left main coronary artery, documented by any of the following:

Presence of significant stenosis: 50% luminal narrowing during angiography

(coronary or multi-slice computed tomography)

Previous revascularization (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

stent or coronary artery bypass graft >2 months prior to consent

The combination of revascularization in one major coronary artery and significant

stenosis (50% luminal narrowing) in another major coronary artery

Evidence of single-vessel coronary artery disease, 50% luminal narrowing during

angiography (coronary or multi-slice computed tomography) not subsequently
successfully revascularized, with at least 1 of the following:

A positive non-invasive stress test for ischemia

Hospital discharge for unstable angina 12 months prior to consent

Unstable angina >2 months prior to consent with evidence of single- or multi-vessel
coronary artery disease

History of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) >2 months prior to consent

Occlusive peripheral artery disease documented by any of the following:

Limb angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery

Limb or foot amputation due to circulatory insufficiency

Evidence of significant peripheral artery stenosis (>50% on angiography, or

>50% or hemodynamically significant via non-invasive methods ) in 1 limb

Ankle brachial index <0.9 in 1 ankle

Section D. Exclusion criteria

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia with glucose >240 mg/dL after an overnight fast during
placebo run-in and confirmed by a second measurement (not on the same day)

Indication of liver disease, defined by serum levels of alanine amininotransferase,

aspartate aminotransferase, or alkaline phosphatase above 3 x upper limit of normal
during screening or run-in phase

Planned cardiac surgery or angioplasty within 3 months

Estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (according to the Modification of

Diet in Renal Disease equation) at screening or during run-in phase

Bariatric surgery within the past two years and other gastrointestinal surgeries that
induce chronic malabsorption

Blood dyscrasias or any disorders causing hemolysis or unstable red blood cells

Medical history of cancer (except for basal cell carcinoma) and/or treatment for cancer
within the last 5 years

Contraindications to background therapy according to the local label

Treatment with anti-obesity drugs 3 months prior to informed consent or any other
treatment at time of screening leading to unstable body weight

Treatment with systemic steroids at time of informed consent or change in dosage of

thyroid hormones within 6 weeks prior to informed consent

Any uncontrolled endocrine disorder except type 2 diabetes

Pre-menopausal women (last menstruation 1 year prior to informed consent) who were
nursing, pregnant, or of child-bearing potential and were not practicing an acceptable
method of birth control, or did not plan to continue using this method throughout the
study, or did not agree to submit to periodic pregnancy testing during the trial

Acceptable methods of birth control include tubal ligation, transdermal patch,

intrauterine devices/systems, oral, implantable or injectable contraceptives, sexual
abstinence, double barrier method, vasectomy of partner

Alcohol or drug abuse within 3 months of informed consent that would interfere with trial
participation or any ongoing condition leading to decreased compliance with study
procedures or study drug intake

Intake of an investigational drug in another trial within 30 days prior to intake of study
medication in this trial or participating in another trial involving an investigational drug
and/or follow-up

Any clinical condition that would jeopardize patient safety while participating in this
clinical trial (in Canada, this included current genito-urinal infection or genito-urinal
infection within 2 weeks prior to informed consent)

Acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or transient ischemic attack within 2 months prior to
informed consent

In South Africa: blood pressure >160/100 mmHg at screening

Section E. Definitions of major clinical outcomes

Cardiovascular death
The cause of death was determined by the principal condition that caused the death, not the
immediate mode of death. Clinical Events Committee (CEC) members reviewed all available
information and used their clinical expertise to adjudicate the cause of death. All deaths not
attributed to the categories of CV death and not attributed to a non-CV cause were presumed
CV deaths. Death certificates or summary, if possible, were provided for all patients who died,
including date and details surrounding death. However, if a death certificate was the only
information available for review besides the patient profile in the clinical trial database, the CEC
may have decided not to use this information as cause of death if another etiology appeared
more plausible. The following definitions were used for the adjudication of fatal cases:
Sudden cardiac death
Death that occurs unexpectedly in a previously stable patient and includes the following deaths:

Witnessed and instantaneous without new or worsening symptoms

Witnessed within 60 minutes of the onset of new or worsening cardiac symptoms

Witnessed and attributed to an identified arrhythmia (e.g., captured on ECG recording or

witnessed on a monitor by either a medic or paramedic)

Subjects unsuccessfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest or successfully resuscitated

from cardiac arrest but who die within 24 hours without identification of a non-cardiac
etiology

Unwitnessed death and there is no conclusive evidence of another, non-CV, cause of

death (i.e. presumed CV death)

Sudden death due to acute MI (MI type 3)

Sudden death occurring up to 14 days after a documented acute MI (verified either by the
diagnostic criteria outlined for acute MI or by autopsy findings showing recent MI or recent
coronary thrombus) and where there is no conclusive evidence of another cause of death. If
death occurs before biochemical confirmation of myocardial necrosis can be obtained,
adjudication should be based on clinical presentation and ECG evidence.
Death due to heart failure or cardiogenic shock
Death occurring in the context of clinically worsening symptoms and/or signs of congestive heart
failure (CHF) without evidence of another cause of death.
New or worsening signs and/or symptoms of CHF include any of the following:

New or increasing symptoms and/or signs of heart failure requiring the initiation of, or an
increase in, treatment directed at heart failure or occurring in a patient already receiving
maximal therapy for heart failure

Heart failure symptoms or signs requiring continuous intravenous therapy or oxygen

administration

Confinement to bed predominantly due to heart failure symptoms

Pulmonary edema sufficient to cause tachypnea and distress not occurring in the context
of an acute myocardial infarction or as the consequence of an arrhythmia occurring in
the absence of worsening heart failure

Cardiogenic shock not occurring in the context of an acute MI or as the consequence of

an arrhythmia occurring in the absence of worsening heart failure

Cardiogenic shock is defined as SBP <90 mmHg for more than 1 hour, not
responsive to fluid resuscitation and/or heart rate correction, and felt to be secondary
to cardiac dysfunction and associated with at least one of the following signs of
hypoperfusion:

Cool, clammy skin

Oliguria (urine output < 30 mL/hour)

Altered sensorium

Cardiac index < 2.2 L/min/m2

Cardiogenic shock can also be defined in the presence of SBP 90 mmHg or for a
time period <1 hour if the blood pressure measurement or the time period is
influenced by the presence of positive inotropic or vasopressor agents alone and/or
with mechanical support <1 hour. The outcome of cardiogenic shock will be based
on CEC assessment and must occur after randomization. Episodes of cardiogenic
shock occurring before and continuing after randomization will not be part of the
study outcome. This category will include sudden death occurring during an
admission for worsening heart failure

Death due to stroke, cerebrovascular event

Death occurring up to 30 days after a stroke that is either due to the stroke or caused by
complication of the stroke.
Death due to other CV causes
Death must be due to a fully documented CV cause not included in the above categories (e.g.
dysrythmia, pulmonary embolism, or CV intervention). Death due to a MI that occurs as a direct
consequence of a CV investigation/procedure/ operation will be classified as death due to other
CV cause.
Non-CV death
Non-CV death is defined as any death not covered by cardiac death or vascular death. The
CEC will be asked to indicate the most likely cause of non-CV death. Examples of non-CV
death are: pulmonary causes, renal causes, gastrointestinal causes, infection (including sepsis),
non-infectious (e.g., systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)), malignancy (i.e., new
malignancy, worsening of prior malignancy), hemorrhage (not intracranial), accidental/trauma,
suicide, non-CV organ failure (e.g., hepatic failure) or non-CV surgery.
Myocardial infarction (MI) (non-fatal)
The term MI should be used when there is evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting
consistent with myocardial ischemia. Under these conditions, any one of the following criteria A
to C meets the diagnosis for myocardial infarction.

Criteria A: Spontaneous MI (type 1)

To identify a type 1 MI, patients should demonstrate spontaneous symptoms of myocardial
ischemia unprovoked by supply/demand inequity, together with 1 of the following criteria:

Cardiac biomarker elevation: Troponin is the preferred marker for use to adjudicate the
presence of acute myocardial infarction. At least one value should show a rise and/or fall
above the lowest cut-point providing 10% imprecision (typically the upper reference limit
for the troponin run per standard of clinical care). Creatine kinase-MB is a secondary
choice to troponin; a rise of CK-MB above the local upper reference limit would be
consistent with myocardial injury

ECG changes consistent with new ischemic changes

ECG changes indicative of new ischemia (new ST-T changes or new left bundle
branch block [LBBB]) or ECG manifestations of acute myocardial ischemia (in
absence of left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] and LBBB):

Development of pathological Q waves in the ECG

Any Q-wave in leads V2-V3 0.02 seconds or QS complex in leads V2

and V3

Q-wave 0.03 seconds and 0.1 mV deep or QS complex in leads I, II,

aVL, aVF, or V4-V6 in any two leads of a contiguous lead grouping (I,
aVL, V6; V4-V6; II, III, and aVF)

ST elevation: New ST elevation at the J-point in two contiguous leads with the
cut-off points: 0.2 mV in men or 0.15 mV in women in leads V2-V3 and/or 0.1
mV in other leads

ST depression and T-wave changes: New horizontal or down-sloping ST

depression 0.05 mV in two contiguous leads; and/or T inversion 0.1 mV in two
contiguous leads with prominent R-wave or R/S ratio >1

Imaging evidence of new non-viable myocardium or new wall motion abnormality

Criteria B: Demand related (type 2) MI

Patients with type 2 MI should be considered with similar diagnostic criteria as a type 1 MI,
however type 2 MI should be considered present when myocardial ischemia and infarction
are consequent to supply/demand inequity, rather than a spontaneous plaque rupture and
coronary thrombosis.

Criteria C: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)-related MI (type 4a/4b)

For PCI in patients with normal baseline troponin values, elevations of cardiac biomarkers
above the 99th percentile URL within 24 hours of the procedure are indicative of periprocedural myocardial necrosis. By convention, increases of biomarkers >3 x 99th percentile
URL (troponin or CK-MB >3 x 99th percentile URL) are consistent with PCI-related MI.

If the cardiac biomarker is elevated prior to PCI, a 20% increase of the value in the second
cardiac biomarker sample within 24 hours of PCI and documentation that cardiac biomarker
values were decreasing (two samples 6 hours apart) prior to the suspected recurrent MI is
consistent with PCI-related MI.

Symptoms of cardiac ischemia are not required.

Criteria D: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)-related MI (type 5)

For CABG in patients with normal baseline troponin values, elevation of cardiac biomarkers
above the 99th percentile URL within 72 hours of the procedure is indicative of periprocedural myocardial necrosis. By convention, an increase of biomarkers >5 x 99th
percentile URL (troponin or CK-MB >5 x 99th percentile URL) plus at least one of the
following

New pathological Q waves in at least 2 contiguous leads on the electrocardiogram

that persist through 30 days or new LBBB

Angiographically documented new graft or native coronary artery occlusion

Imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium is consistent with CABG-related

MI

If the cardiac biomarker is elevated prior to CABG, a 20% increase of the value in the
second cardiac biomarker sample within 72 hours of CABG and documentation that cardiac

biomarker values were decreasing (two samples 6 hours apart) prior to the suspected
recurrent MI plus new pathological Q waves in 2 contiguous leads on the
electrocardiogram or new LBBB, angiographically documented new graft or native coronary
artery occlusion, or imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium is consistent with a
periprocedural MI after CABG. Symptoms of cardiac ischemia are not required.
Clinical classification of acute MI
For every MI identified by the CEC, one of the following will be assigned:

Type 1: Spontaneous MI related to ischemia due to a primary coronary event such as

plaque erosion and/or rupture, fissuring, or dissection

Type 2: MI secondary to ischemia due to either increased oxygen demand or decreased

supply, e.g. coronary artery spasm, coronary embolism, anemia, arrhythmias, hypertension,
or hypotension

Type 3: Sudden unexpected cardiac death, including cardiac arrest, often with symptoms
suggestive of myocardial ischemia, accompanied by presumably new ST elevation, or new
LBBB, or evidence of fresh thrombus in a coronary artery by angiography and/or at autopsy,
but death occurring before blood samples could be obtained, or at a time before the
appearance of cardiac biomarkers in the blood

Type 4a: MI associated with PCI

Type 4b: MI associated with stent thrombosis as documented by angiography or at autopsy

Type 5: MI associated with CABG

Hospitalization for unstable angina

The date of this event is the day of hospitalization of the patient including any overnight stay at
an emergency room or chest pain unit. Unstable angina requiring hospitalization is defined as all
of the following:

No elevation in cardiac biomarkers (cardiac biomarkers are negative for myocardial

necrosis) according to conventional assays or contemporary sensitive assays

Clinical presentation: Cardiac symptoms lasting 10 minutes and considered to be

myocardial ischemia on final diagnosis with one of the following:

Rest angina

New-onset (<2 months) severe angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society [CCS]

Grading Scale, or CCS classification system, classification severity III)

Increasing angina (in intensity, duration, and/or frequency) with an increase in

severity of >1 CCS class to CCS class >III

Requiring an unscheduled visit to a healthcare facility and overnight admission

At least one of the following:

New or worsening ST or T wave changes on ECG. ECG changes should satisfy the
following criteria for acute myocardial ischemia in the absence of LVH and LBBB:

ST elevation: New transient (known to be <20 minutes) ST elevation at the Jpoint in two contiguous leads with the cut-off points - 0.2 mV in men or
0.15 mV in women in leads V2-V3 and/or 0.1 mV in other leads

ST depression and T-wave changes: New horizontal or down-sloping ST

depression 0.05 mV in two contiguous leads; and/or T inversion 0.1 mV in
two contiguous leads with prominent R-wave or R/S ratio >1

Evidence of ischemia on stress testing with cardiac imaging

Evidence of ischemia on stress testing with angiographic evidence of 70% lesion

and/or thrombus in an epicardial coronary artery or initiation/increased dosing of
antianginal therapy

Angiographic evidence of 70% lesion and/or thrombus in an epicardial coronary

artery

Stent thrombosis
Timing
Class

Description of stage

Class I

Ordinary physical activity does not cause . . . angina, such as walking or

climbing stairs. Angina occurs with strenuous, rapid, or prolonged exertion at
work or recreation

Class II

Slight limitation of ordinary activity. Angina occurs on walking or climbing stairs

rapidly; walking uphill; walking or stair climbing after meals; in cold, in wind, or
under emotional stress; or only during the few hours after awakening. Angina
occurs on walking more than 2 blocks on the level and climbing more than 1 flight
of ordinary stairs at a normal pace and under normal conditions

Class III

Marked limitations of ordinary physical activity. Angina occurs on walking 1 to 2

blocks on the level and climbing 1 flight of stairs under normal conditions and at a
normal pace

Class IV

Inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfortanginal symptoms

may be present at rest

Type

Timing

Early stent

Acute stent thrombosis

0 to 24 hours after stent implantation

thrombosis

Subacute stent

>24 hours to 30 days after stent implantation

thrombosis

Late stent thrombosis*

>30 days to 1 year after stent implantation

Very late stent thrombosis*

>1 year after stent implantation

Stent thrombosis should be reported as a cumulative value over time and at the various
individual time points specified above. Time 0 is defined as the time point after the guiding
catheter has been removed and the patient has left the catheterization laboratory

*Includes primary as well as secondary late stent thrombosis; secondary late stent thrombosis is
a stent thrombosis after a target lesion revascularization
Definitions of definite, probable, and possible stent thrombosis
Definite stent thrombosis is considered to have occurred by either angiographic or pathological
confirmation:

Angiographic confirmation of stent thrombosis: The presence of an intracoronary thrombus

that originates in the stent or in the segment 5 mm proximal or distal to the stent and
presence of 1 of the following criteria within a 48-hour time window:

Acute onset of ischemic symptoms at rest

New ischemic ECG changes that suggest acute ischemia

Typical rise and fall in cardiac biomarkers (refer to definition of spontaneous MI:
troponin or CK-MB >99th percentile of URL, according to conventional assays or
contemporary sensitive assays)

Non-occlusive thrombus Intracoronary thrombus is defined as a (spheric, ovoid, or

irregular) noncalcified filling defect or lucency surrounded by contrast material (on 3
sides or within a coronary stenosis) seen in multiple projections, or persistence of
contrast material within the lumen, or a visible embolization of intraluminal material
downstream

Occlusive thrombus TIMI 0 or TIMI 1 intrastent or proximal to a stent up to the most

adjacent proximal side branch or main branch (if originates from the side branch)

NOTE: The incidental angiographic documentation of stent occlusion in the absence of clinical
signs or symptoms is not considered a confirmed stent thrombosis (silent occlusion)

Pathological confirmation of stent thrombosis Evidence of recent thrombus within the stent
determined at autopsy or via examination of tissue retrieved following thrombectomy

Probable Stent Thrombosis is considered to have occurred after intracoronary stenting in the
following cases:

Any unexplained death within the first 30 days

In ST-elevation MI population, one may consider the exclusion of unexplained death

within 30 days as evidence of probable stent thrombosis

Irrespective of the time after the index procedure, any MI that is related to documented
acute ischemia in the territory of the implanted stent without angiographic confirmation of
stent thrombosis and in the absence of any other obvious cause

Possible Stent Thrombosis is considered to have occurred with any unexplained death from 30
days after intracoronary stenting until end of trial follow-up.
Heart Failure (HF) requiring hospitalization
The date of this event is the day of hospitalization of the patient including any overnight stay at
an emergency room or chest pain unit. HF requiring hospitalization is defined as an event that
meets all of the following criteria:

Requires hospitalization defined as an admission to an inpatient unit or a visit to an

emergency department that results in at least a 12-hour stay (or a date change if the time of
admission/discharge is not available)

Clinical manifestations of heart failure (new or worsening) including at least one of the
following:

Dyspnea

Orthopnea

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Edema

Pulmonary basilar crackles

Jugular venous distension

Third heart sound or gallop rhythm

Radiological evidence of worsening heart failure

Additional/increased therapy: at least one of the following:

Initiation of oral diuretic, intravenous diuretic, inotrope, or vasodilator therapy

Uptitration of oral diuretic or intravenous therapy, if already on therapy

Initiation of mechanical or surgical intervention (mechanical circulatory support, heart

transplantation or ventricular pacing to improve cardiac function), or the use of
ultrafiltration, hemofiltration, or dialysis that is specifically directed at treatment of
heart failure

Changes in biomarker (e.g., brain natriuretic peptide) consistent with CHF will support this
diagnosis.
Coronary revascularization procedure
Either CABG or PCI (e.g., angioplasty, coronary stenting).

CABG: the successful placement of 1 conduit with either a proximal and distal anastomosis
or a distal anastomosis only

PCI: Successful balloon inflation with or without stenting and the achievement of a residual
stenosis <50%. The balloon inflation and/or stenting could have been preceded by device
activation (e.g., angiojet, directional coronary atherectomy, or rotational atherectomy)

In cases where the procedure leads to a MI (type 4a, 4b or 5) the event will be adjudicated as
an MI.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
TIA: a transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal
ischemia, without acute infarction.
Stroke
Stroke: the rapid onset of a new persistent neurologic deficit attributed to an obstruction in
cerebral blood flow and/or cerebral hemorrhage with no apparent non-vascular cause (e.g.,
trauma, tumor, or infection). Available neuroimaging studies are considered to support the
clinical impression and to determine if there is a demonstrable lesion compatible with an acute
stroke. Strokes are classified as ischemic, hemorrhagic, or unknown.
Diagnosis of stroke.

For the diagnosis of stroke, the following 4 criteria should be fulfilled:

Rapid onset of a focal/global neurological deficit with at least one of the following:

Change in level of consciousness

Hemiplegia

Hemiparesis

Numbness or sensory loss affecting one side of the body

Dysphasia/aphasia

Hemianopia (loss of half of the field of vision of one or both eyes)

Other new neurological sign(s)/symptom(s) consistent with stroke

NOTE: If the mode of onset is uncertain, a diagnosis of stroke may be made provided that there
is no plausible non-stroke cause for the clinical presentation

Duration of a focal/global neurological deficit 24 hours OR < 24 hours if this is because of

at least one of the following therapeutic interventions:

Pharmacologic (i.e., thrombolytic drug administration)

Non-pharmacologic (i.e., neurointerventional procedure [e.g. intracranial

angioplasty])

OR

Available brain imaging clearly documents a new hemorrhage or infarct

The neurological deficit results in death

OR

No other readily identifiable non-stroke cause for the clinical presentation (e.g., brain tumor,
trauma, infection, hypoglycemia, peripheral lesion)

Confirmation of the diagnosis by at least one of the following:*

Neurology or neurosurgical specialist

Brain imaging procedure (at least one of the following):

CT scan

MRI scan

Cerebral vessel angiography

Lumbar puncture (i.e. spinal fluid analysis diagnostic of intracranial hemorrhage)

If a stroke is reported but evidence of confirmation of the diagnosis by the methods outlined
above is absent, the event will be discussed at a full CEC meeting. In such cases, the event
may be adjudicated as a stroke on the basis of the clinical presentation alone, but full CEC
consensus is mandatory.
If the acute focal signs represent a worsening of a previous deficit, these signs must have either

Persisted for more than one week

OR

Persisted for more than 24 hours and were accompanied by an appropriate new CT or MRI
finding

Classification of stroke
Strokes are sub-classified as follows:

Ischemic (non-hemorrhagic): A stroke caused by an arterial obstruction due to a thrombotic

(e.g., large vessel disease/atherosclerotic or small vessel disease/lacunar) or embolic
etiology. This category includes ischemic strokes with hemorrhagic transformation (i.e. no
evidence of hemorrhage on an initial imaging study but appearance on a subsequent scan)

Hemorrhagic: A stroke due to a hemorrhage in the brain as documented by neuroimaging or

autopsy. This category includes strokes due to primary intracerebral hemorrhage
(intraparenchymal or intraventricular) and primary subarachnoid hemorrhage

Not assessable: The stroke type could not be determined by imaging or other means (e.g.,
lumbar puncture, neurosurgery, or autopsy) or no imaging was performed

Section F. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses (methodology)

Sensitivity analyses were conducted in patients who received 1 dose of study drug including
only events observed 30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication, in patients who
received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred 30 days after
a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set), and in patients treated with 1 dose
of study drug who did not have important protocol violations (per-protocol set; for primary
outcome only).
Subgroup analyses were performed in subgroups by baseline age, sex, race, ethnicity, region,
glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, blood pressure control, estimated glomerular filtration
rate according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, urine albumin-to-creatinine
ratio, cardiovascular risk factors, use of glucose-lowering medication, use of statins/ezetimibe,
use of anti-hypertensive therapy, and use of acetylsalicylic acid.

Section G. Patient disposition

Figure S1. Patient disposition.

Section H. Reasons for premature discontinuation from study medication

Table S1. Reasons for premature discontinuation from study medication
Placebo

Empagliflozin 10 mg

Empagliflozin 25 mg

Pooled empagliflozin

no. (%)
Treated

2333 (100.0)

2345 (100.0)

2342 (100.0)

4687 (100.0)

683 (29.3)

555 (23.7)

542 (23.1)

1097 (23.4)

Adverse event

303 (13.0)

267 (11.4)

273 (11.7)

540 (11.5)

Refusal to continue, not due to adverse event

172 (7.4)

118 (5.0)

122 (5.2)

240 (5.1)

Non-compliant with protocol

15 (0.6)

15 (0.6)

12 (0.5)

27 (0.6)

Lost to follow up

15 (0.6)

9 (0.4)

6 (0.3)

15 (0.3)

Lack of efficacy*

11 (0.5)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

Other

162 (6.9)

142 (6.1)

125 (5.3)

267 (5.7)

5 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

4 (0.2)

7 (0.1)

Prematurely discontinued from trial medication

Missing

*Hyperglycemia above the protocol-defined level despite intensification or addition of glucose-lowering therapy.

Section I. Baseline characteristics

Table S2. Baseline characteristics
Characteristic*
Age years
Male no. (%)
Race no. (%)
White
Asian
Black/African-American
Other/Missing
Ethnicity no. (%)
Not Hispanic or Latino
Hispanic or Latino
Missing
Region no. (%)
Europe
North America (plus Australia and New Zealand)
Asia
Latin America
Africa
Weight kg
2
Body mass index kg/m
CV risk factor no. (%)
Coronary artery disease
Multi-vessel coronary artery disease
History of myocardial infarction
Coronary artery bypass graft

History of stroke
Peripheral artery disease

Single vessel coronary artery disease

Cardiac failure

Glycated hemoglobin %
Time since diagnosis of type 2 diabetes no. (%)

Placebo
(N = 2333)
63.2 8.8
1680 (72.0)

Empagliflozin 10 mg
(N = 2345)
63.0 8.6)
1653 (70.5)

Empagliflozin 25 mg
(N = 2342)
63.2 8.6)
1683 (71.9)

Pooled empagliflozin
(N = 4687)
63.1 8.6
3336 (71.2)

1678 (71.9)
511 (21.9)
120 (5.1)
24 (1.0)

1707 (72.8)
505 (21.5)
119 (5.1)
14 (0.6)

1696 (72.4)
501 (21.4)
118 (5.0)
27 (1.2)

3403 (72.6)
1006 (21.5)
237 (5.1)
41 (0.9)

1912 (82.0)
418 (17.9)
3 (0.1)

1909 (81.4)
432 (18.4)
4 (0.2)

1926 (82.2)
415 (17.7)
1 (<0.1)

3835 (81.8)
847 (18.1)
5 (0.1)

959 (41.1)
462 (19.8)
450 (19.3)
360 (15.4)
102 (4.4)
86.6 19.1
30.7 5.2
2307 (98.9)
1763 (75.6)
1100 (47.1)
1083 (46.4)
563 (24.1)
553 (23.7)
479 (20.5)
238 (10.2)
244 (10.5)
8.08 0.84

966 (41.2)
466 (19.9)
447 (19.1)
359 (15.3)
107 (4.6)
85.9 18.8
30.6 5.2
2333 (99.5)
1782 (76.0)
1078 (46.0)
1107 (47.2)
594 (25.3)
535 (22.8)
465 (19.8)
258 (11.0)
240 (10.2)
8.07 0.86

960 (41.0)
466 (19.9)
450 (19.2)
362 (15.5)
104 (4.4)
86.5 19.0
30.6 5.3
2324 (99.2)
1763 (75.3)
1101 (47.0)
1083 (46.2)
581 (24.8)
549 (23.4)
517 (22.1)
240 (10.2)
222 (9.5)
8.06 0.84

1926 (41.1)
932 (19.9)
897 (19.1)
721 (15.4)
211 (4.5)
86.2 18.9
30.6 5.3
4657 (99.4)
3545 (75.6)
2179 (46.5)
2190 (46.7)
1175 (25.1)
1084 (23.1)
982 (21.0)
498 (10.6)
462 (9.9)
8.07 0.85

1 years
>1 to 5 years
>5 to 10 years

52 (2.2)
371 (15.9)
571 (24.5)

68 (2.9)
338 (14.4)
585 (24.9)

60 (2.6)
374 (16.0)
590 (25.2)

128 (2.7)
712 (15.2)
1175 (25.1)

>10 years
Glucose-lowering therapy no. (%)
Medication taken alone or in combination
Metformin
Insulin

Median daily dose IU

1339 (57.4)

1354 (57.7)

1318 (56.3)

2672 (57.0)

1734 (74.3)
1135 (48.6)
52.0

1729 (73.7)
1132 (48.3)
52.5

1730 (73.9)
1120 (47.8)
54.0

3459 (73.8)
2252 (48.0)
54.0

Sulfonylurea
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
Thiazolidinedione
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist
Monotherapy
Dual therapy
Anti-hypertensive therapy no. (%)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Renin inhibitors
Other
Lipid-lowering therapy no. (%)
Statins
Fibrates
Ezetimibe
Niacin
Other
Anti-coagulants no. (%)
Acetylsalicylic acid

992 (42.5)
267 (11.4)
101 (4.3)
70 (3.0)
691 (29.6)
1148 (49.2)

985 (42.0)
282 (12.0)
96 (4.1)
68 (2.9)
704 (30.0)
1110 (47.3)

1029 (43.9)
247 (10.5)
102 (4.4)
58 (2.5)
676 (28.9)
1149 (49.1)

2014 (43.0)
529 (11.3)
198 (4.2)
126 (2.7)
1380 (29.4)
2259 (48.2)

2221 (95.2)
1868 (80.1)

2227 (95.0)
1896 (80.9)

2219 (94.7)
1902 (81.2)

4446 (94.9)
3798 (81.0)

1498 (64.2)
988 (42.3)
788 (33.8)
136 (5.8)
19 (0.8)
191 (8.2)
1864 (79.9)
1773 (76.0)
199 (8.5)
81 (3.5)
35 (1.5)
175 (7.5)
2090 (89.6)
1927 (82.6)

1530 (65.2)
1036 (44.2)
781 (33.3)
157 (6.7)
16 (0.7)
193 (8.2)
1926 (82.1)
1827 (77.9)
214 (9.1)
95 (4.1)
56 (2.4)
172 (7.3)
2098 (89.5)
1939 (82.7)

1526 (65.2)
1011 (43.2)
748 (31.9)
148 (6.3)
11 (0.5)
190 (8.1)
1894 (80.9)
1803 (77.0)
217 (9.3)
94 (4.0)
35 (1.5)
193 (8.2)
2064 (88.1)
1937 (82.7)

3056 (65.2)
2047 (43.7)
1529 (32.6)
305 (6.5)
27 (0.6)
383 (8.2)
3820 (81.5)
3630 (77.4)
431 (9.2)
189 (4.0)
91 (1.9)
365 (7.8)
4162 (88.8)
3876 (82.7)

Clopidogrel
249 (10.7)
253 (10.8)
241 (10.3)
494 (10.5)
Vitamin K antagonists
156 (6.7)
141 (6.0)
125 (5.3)
266 (5.7)
Systolic blood pressure mmHg
135.8 17.2
134.9 16.8
135.6 17.0
135.3 16.9
Diastolic blood pressure mmHg
76.8 10.1
76.6 9.8
76.6 9.7
76.6 9.7
Total cholesterol mg/dL**
161.9 43.1
163.7 45.2
163.3 43.2
163.5 44.2

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol mg/dL

84.9 35.3
86.3 36.7
85.5 35.2
85.9 36.0
High density lipoprotein cholesterol mg/dL**
44.0 11.3
44.7 12.0
44.5 11.8
44.6 11.9
Triglycerides mg/dL**
170.7 121.2
168.4 127.3
172.6 132.0
170.5 129.7
2
Estimated glomerular filtration rate mL/min/1.73m
73.8 21.1
74.3 21.8
74.0 21.4
74.2 21.6

Estimated glomerular filtration rate no. (%)

2
90 mL/min/1.73m
488 (20.9)
519 (22.1)
531 (22.7)
1050 (22.4)
2
60 to <90 mL/min/1.73m
1238 (53.1)
1221 (52.1)
1202 (51.3)
2423 (51.7)
2
<60 mL/min/1.73m
607 (26.0)
605 (25.8)
607 (25.9)
1212 (25.9)

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio no. (%)

<30 mg/g
1382 (59.2)
1405 (59.9)
1384 (59.1)
2789 (59.5)
30 to 300 mg/g
675 (28.9)
645 (27.5)
693 (29.6)
1338 (28.5)
>300 mg/g
260 (11.1)
261 (11.1)
248 (10.6)
509 (10.9)
* Plusminus values are means SD.
Body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
Information was not available for one patient in the placebo group.
Based on the narrow standard MedDRA query cardiac failure.
Data were available for 2333 patients in the placebo group, 2344 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group, 2341 patients in the empagliflozin
25 mg group.
Data were not available for 18 patients in the placebo group, 10 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group and 14 patients in the empagliflozin
25 mg group.
** Data were available for 2309 patients in the placebo group, 2318 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group, 2308 patients in the empagliflozin
25 mg group. Conversion factor: 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L for cholesterol and 1 mg/dL = 0.01129 mmol/L for triglycerides.
Data were available for 2309 patients in the placebo group, 2317 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group, 2306 patients in the empagliflozin
25 mg group. 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L.
Data were not available for 2 patients in the empagliflozin 25 mg group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.
Data were not available for 16 patients in the placebo group, 34 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group, 17 patients in the empagliflozin 25
mg group.
There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between pooled empagliflozin and placebo based on Chi-square test for binary/categorical
variables, t-test for continuous variables, and Wilcoxon rank sum test for insulin dose.

Section J. Treatment and observation times

Table S3. Treatment and observation times

Treatment years
Median (interquartile range)
Mean
Observation years
Median (interquartile range)
Mean

Placebo
(N = 2333)

Pooled empagliflozin
(N = 4687)

2.6 (1.83.4)
2.5

2.6 (2.03.4)
2.6

3.1 (2.23.5)
2.9

3.2 (2.23.6)
3.0

Section K. Absolute reductions in incidence rates for cardiovascular outcomes.

Table S4. Absolute reductions in incidence rates for 3-point MACE, all-cause mortality,
cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure hospitalization or
cardiovascular death.
Placebo

Empagliflozin

(N = 2333)

(N = 4687)

Rate difference

Rate/1000

Rate/1000

(95% CI)

patient-years

patient-years

43.9

37.4

-6.5 (-12.6, -0.4)

0.04

All-cause mortality

28.6

19.4

-9.1 (-13.8, -4.5)

<0.001

Cardiovascular death

20.2

12.4

-7.7 (-11.6, -3.9)

<0.001

Hospitalization for heart failure

14.5

9.4

-5.1 (-8.4, -1.8)

0.003

Heart failure hospitalization or

30.1

19.7

-10.5 (-15.3, -5.6)

<0.001

Cardiovascular death, non-fatal

p-value

myocardial infarction, or non-fatal

stroke (3-point MACE): primary
outcome

cardiovascular death (excluding

fatal stroke)

Section L. Categories of cardiovascular death

Table S5. Categories of cardiovascular death.
Placebo

Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin

Pooled

(N = 2333)

10 mg

25 mg

empagliflozin

(N = 2345)

(N = 2342)

(N = 4687)

no. (%)
Patients with cardiovascular

137 (5.9)

90 (3.8)

82 (3.5)

172 (3.7)

Sudden death

38 (1.6)

30 (1.3)

23 (1.0)

53 (1.1)

Worsening of heart failure

19 (0.8)

7 (0.3)

4 (0.2)

11 (0.2)

Acute myocardial infarction

11 (0.5)

6 (0.3)

9 (0.4)

15 (0.3)

Stroke

11 (0.5)

9 (0.4)

7 (0.3)

16 (0.3)

Cardiogenic shock

3 (0.1)

1 (<0.1)

2 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

Other cardiovascular death

55 (2.4)

37 (1.6)

37 (1.6)

74 (1.6)

death

Section M. Cardiovascular outcomes with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg

Figure S2. Time to first occurrence of cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
Cumulative incidence function for the primary outcome (Panel A), cumulative incidence
function for cardiovascular death (Panel B), Kaplan-Meier estimate for all-cause
mortality (Panel C) and cumulative incidence function for hospitalization for heart failure
(Panel D) in the empagliflozin and placebo groups based on patients treated with 1
dose of study drug. Hazard ratios are based on Cox regression analyses.

A. Primary outcome (3-point MACE)

B. Cardiovascular death

C. All-cause mortality

D. Hospitalization for heart failure

Table S6. Cardiovascular outcomes with empagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 25 mg

Placebo
(N = 2333)

Empagliflozin 10 mg Empagliflozin 25 mg
(N = 2345)

(N = 2342)

no. (%)
Cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial

282 (12.1)

243 (10.4)

247 (10.5)

0.85 (0.72, 1.01)

0.86 (0.73, 1.02)

0.07

0.09

300 (12.8)

299 (12.8)

0.89 (0.76, 1.04)

0.88 (0.76, 1.03)

0.15

0.12

90 (3.8)

82 (3.5)

0.65 (0.50, 0.85)

0.59 (0.45, 0.77)

0.002

<0.001

137 (5.8)

132 (5.6)

0.70 (0.56, 0.87)

0.67 (0.54, 0.83)

0.001

<0.001

101 (4.3)

122 (5.2)

0.79 (0.61, 1.03)

0.95 (0.74, 1.22)

0.09

0.71

19 (1.6)

19 (1.6)

1.32 (0.67, 2.60)

1.24 (0.63, 2.45)

0.42

0.53

96 (4.1)

117 (5.0)

0.79 (0.60,1.03)

0.95 (0.74,1.23)

0.08

0.71

69 (2.9)

64 (2.7)

1.03 (0.74, 1.45)

0.96 (0.68, 1.35)

0.85

0.80

154 (6.6)

175 (7.5)

infarction, or non-fatal stroke (3-point MACE):

primary outcome
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value

Cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial

333 (14.3)

infarction, non-fatal stroke, or hospitalization

for unstable angina (4-point MACE): key
secondary outcome
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value
Cardiovascular death

137 (5.9)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
All-cause mortality

194 (8.3)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction

126 (5.4)

(excluding silent myocardial infarction)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value
Silent myocardial infarction*

15 (1.2)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Non-fatal myocardial infarction

121 (5.2)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Hospitalization for unstable angina

66 (2.8)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Coronary revascularization procedure

186 (8.0)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Fatal and non-fatal stroke

69 (3.0)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Non-fatal stroke

60 (2.6)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Transient ischemic attack

23 (1.0)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Hospitalization for heart failure

95 (4.1)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value
Heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular

198 (8.5)

0.81 (0.65, 1.00)

0.92 (0.75, 1.13)

0.05

0.42

85 (3.6)

79 (3.4)

1.22 (0.89, 1.68)

1.13 (0.82, 1.56)

0.21

0.46

77 (3.3)

73 (3.1)

1.27 (0.91, 1.79)

1.20 (0.85, 1.69)

0.16

0.30

19 (0.8)

20 (0.9)

0.83 (0.45, 1.53)

0.87 (0.48, 1.58)

0.56

0.64

60 (2.6)

66 (2.8)

0.62 (0.45, 0.86)

0.68 (0.50, 0.93)

0.004

0.02

133 (5.7)

132 (5.6)

0.66 (0.53, 0.83)

0.65 (0.52, 0.81)

<0.001

<0.001

death (excluding fatal stroke)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value

Based on Cox regression analyses in patients treated with 1 dose of study drug.
* Analyzed in 1211 patients in the placebo group, 1174 patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg group and
1204 patients in the empagliflozin 25 mg group.

Section N. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome and for cardiovascular
death
Table S7. Hazard ratios for the primary outcome in subgroups.
Patients with event/
patients analyzed

All patients
Age
<65 years
65 years
Sex
Male
Female
Race
White
Asian
Black/African-American
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latino
Not Hispanic/Latino
Region
Europe
North America
Latin America
Africa
Asia
Glycated hemoglobin
<8.5%
8.5%
Body mass index
2
<30 kg/m
2
30 kg/m
Blood pressure control
SBP 140 mmHg and/or
DBP 90 mmHg
SBP <140 mmHg and
DBP <90 mmHg
Estimated glomerular
filtration rate
2
90 mL/min/1.73m
2
60 to <90 mL/min/1.73m
2
<60 mL/min/1.73m
Urine albumin-tocreatinine ratio
<30 mg/g
30 to 300 mg/g
>300 mg/g
Cardiovascular risk
Only cerebrovascular
disease

Hazard
ratio

(95% CI)

Empagliflozin

Placebo

490/4687

282/2333

0.86

(0.74, 0.99)

251/2596
239/2091

121/1297
161/1036

1.04
0.71

(0.84, 1.29)
(0.59, 0.87)

367/3336
123/1351

212/1680
70/653

0.87
0.83

(0.73, 1.02)
(0.62, 1.11)

366/3403
79/1006
39/237

205/1678
58/511
14/120

0.88
0.68
1.48

(0.74, 1.04)
(0.48, 0.95)
(0.80, 2.72)

70/847
420/3835

52/418
230/1912

0.63
0.91

(0.44, 0.90)
(0.77, 1.07)

226/1926
114/932
53/721
26/211
71/897

112/959
63/462
43/360
14/102
50/450

1.02
0.89
0.58
0.86
0.70

(0.81, 1.28)
(0.65, 1.21)
(0.39, 0.86)
(0.45, 1.65)
(0.49, 1.01)

322/3212
168/1475

209/1607
73/726

0.76
1.14

(0.64, 0.90)
(0.86, 1.50)

225/2279
265/2408

148/1120
134/1213

0.74
0.98

(0.60, 0.91)
(0.80, 1.21)

214/1780

131/934

0.83

(0.66, 1.03)

276/2907

151/1399

0.89

(0.73, 1.08)

p-value for
interaction

0.01

0.81

0.09

0.07

0.13

0.01

0.06

0.65

0.20
102/1050
212/2425
176/1212

44/488
139/1238
99/607

1.10
0.76
0.88

(0.77, 1.57)
(0.61, 0.94)
(0.69, 1.13)
0.40

241/2789
158/1338
86/509

134/1382
90/675
58/260

0.89
0.89
0.69

(0.72, 1.10)
(0.69, 1.16)
(0.49, 0.96)

65/635

29/325

1.15

(0.74, 1.78)

0.53

Only coronary artery

disease
Only peripheral artery
disease
2 or 3 high
cardiovascular risk
categories
Metformin
No
Yes
Sulfonylurea
No
Yes
Insulin
No
Yes
Thiazolidinediones
No
Yes
DPP-4 inhibitor
No
Yes
Statins/ezetimibe
No
Yes
Antihypertensives
No
Yes
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors/
angiotensin receptor
blockers
No
Yes
Calcium channel
blockers
No
Yes
Beta blockers
No
Yes
Diuretics
No
Yes
Acetylsalicylic acid
No
Yes

261/2732

152/1340

0.83

(0.68, 1.02)

25/412

12/191

0.94

(0.47, 1.88)

137/878

87/451

0.79

(0.61, 1.04)

0.14
146/1228
344/3459

93/599
189/1734

0.72
0.92

(0.56, 0.94)
(0.77, 1.10)
0.83

295/2673
195/2014

173/1341
109/992

0.85
0.87

(0.70, 1.02)
(0.69, 1.11)

225/2435
265/2252

140/1198
142/1135

0.79
0.93

(0.64, 0.97)
(0.75, 1.13)

0.28

0.44
467/4489
23/198

271/2232
11/101

0.85
1.13

(0.73, 0.98)
(0.55, 2.31)

423/4158
67/529

254/2066
28/267

0.81
1.27

(0.70, 0.95)
(0.82, 1.98)

0.06

0.22
106/1029
384/3658

71/551
211/1782

0.79
0.88

(0.59, 1.07)
(0.74, 1.04)

21/241
469/4446

11/112
271/2221

0.94
0.85

(0.45, 1.95)
(0.73, 0.99)

0.80

0.49

91/889
399/3798

61/465
221/1868

0.77
0.88

(0.56, 1.07)
(0.75, 1.04)
0.71

321/3158
169/1529

179/1545
103/788

0.87
0.83

(0.73, 1.05)
(0.65, 1.06)
0.61

159/1631
331/3056

90/835
192/1498

0.90
0.83

(0.70, 1.17)
(0.70, 1.00)

228/2640
262/2047

138/1345
144/988

0.83
0.88

(0.67, 1.02)
(0.71, 1.07)

0.72

0.66
88/811
402/3876

53/406
229/1927

0.80
0.87

(0.57, 1.12)
(0.74, 1.02)

Cox regression analysis in patients treated with 1 dose of study drug. Subgroup factors were prespecified for the primary outcome.
p-value is for test of homogeneity of the treatment group difference among subgroups (test for group by
covariate interaction) with no adjustment for multiple tests.

Table S8. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular death in subgroups.

All patients
Age
<65 years
65 years
Sex
Male
Female
Race
White
Asian
Black/African-American
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latino
Not Hispanic/Latino
Region
Europe
North America plus
Australia and New
Zealand
Latin America
Africa
Asia
Glycated hemoglobin
<8.5%
8.5%
Body mass index
2
<30 kg/m
2
30 kg/m
Blood pressure control
SBP 140 mmHg and/or
DBP 90 mmHg
SBP <140 mmHg and
DBP <90 mmHg
Estimated glomerular
filtration rate
2
90 mL/min/1.73m
2
60 to <90 mL/min/1.73m
2
<60 mL/min/1.73m
Urine albumin-tocreatinine ratio
<30 mg/g
30 to 300 mg/g
>300 mg/g
Cardiovascular risk
Only cerebrovascular
disease
Only coronary artery
disease
Only peripheral artery

Patients with event/

patients analyzed
Empagliflozin
Placebo
172/4687
137/2333

Hazard
ratio

(95% CI)

0.62

(0.49, 0.77)

p-value for
interaction

0.21
85/2596
87/2091

59/1297
78/1036

0.72
0.54

(0.52, 1.01)
(0.40, 0.73)

125/3336
47/1351

107/1680
30/653

0.58
0.76

(0.45, 0.75)
(0.48, 1.20)

134/3403
22/1006
13/237

102/1678
25/511
9/120

0.64
0.44
0.77

(0.50, 0.83)
(0.25, 0.78)
(0.33, 1.79)

31/847
141/3835

28/418
109/1912

0.53
0.64

(0.32, 0.88)
(0.50, 0.83)

80/1926
40/932

56/959
25/462

0.72
0.81

(0.51, 1.01)
(0.49, 1.33)

22/721
12/211
18/897

24/360
7/102
25/450

0.43
0.80
0.35

(0.24, 0.77)
(0.31, 2.03)
(0.19, 0.65)

114/3212
58/1475

96/1607
41/726

0.59
0.69

(0.45, 0.77)
(0.46, 1.03)

80/2279
92/2408

78/1120
59/1213

0.50
0.78

(0.37, 0.68)
(0.56, 1.08)

72/1780

65/934

0.56

(0.40, 0.79)

100/2907

72/1399

0.67

(0.50, 0.91)

0.32

0.43

0.49

0.15

0.51

0.05

0.44

0.15
28/1050
69/2425
75/1212

19/488
70/1238
48/607

0.70
0.49
0.78

(0.39, 1.25)
(0.35, 0.68)
(0.54, 1.12)
0.22

81/2789
48/1338
42/509

52/1382
49/675
36/260

0.77
0.49
0.55

(0.55, 1.10)
(0.33, 0.74)
(0.35, 0.86)

21/635

15/325

0.72

(0.37, 1.39)

90/2732

63/1340

0.69

(0.50, 0.95)

13/412

7/191

0.85

(0.34, 2.13)

0.39

disease
2 or 3 high
cardiovascular risk
categories
Metformin
No
Yes
Sulfonylurea
No
Yes
Insulin
No
Yes
Thiazolidinediones*
No
Yes
DPP-4 inhibitor
No
Yes

46/878

50/451

0.47

(0.31, 0.70)

54/1228
118/3459

53/599
84/1734

0.46
0.71

(0.32, 0.68)
(0.54, 0.94)

105/2673
67/2014

86/1341
51/992

0.61
0.64

(0.46, 0.81)
(0.44, 0.92)

79/2435
93/2252

63/1198
74/1135

0.61
0.63

(0.44, 0.85)
(0.46, 0.85)

165/4489
7/198

131/2232
6/101

NC
NC

NC
NC

156/4158
16/529

130/2066
7/267

0.59
1.23

(0.46, 0.74)
(0.51, 2.99)

0.11

0.07

0.85

0.92

Statins/ezetimibe
0.23
No
41/1029
43/551
0.50
(0.32, 0.76)
Yes
131/3658
94/1782
0.68
(0.52, 0.88)
Antihypertensives
0.41
No
10/241
5/112
0.97
(0.33, 2.83)
Yes
162/4446
132/2221
0.61
(0.48, 0.76)
Angiotensin-converting
0.86
enzyme inhibitors/
angiotensin receptor
blockers
No
35/889
28/465
0.65
(0.39, 1.06)
Yes
137/3798
109/1868
0.61
(0.48, 0.79)
Calcium channel
0.29
blockers
No
120/3158
87/1545
0.67
(0.51, 0.89)
Yes
52/1529
50/788
0.52
(0.35, 0.77)
Beta blockers
0.99
No
61/1631
49/835
0.62
(0.43, 0.90)
Yes
111/3056
88/1498
0.62
(0.47, 0.82)
Diuretics
0.46
No
76/2640
57/1345
0.68
(0.48, 0.95)
Yes
96/2047
80/988
0.57
(0.42, 0.77)
Acetylsalicylic acid
0.99
No
40/811
31/406
0.62
(0.39, 0.99)
Yes
132/3876
106/1927
0.62
(0.48, 0.80)
Cox regression analysis in patients treated with 1 dose of study drug. Subgroup analyses of
cardiovascular death were conducted post-hoc.
*Hazard ratio and 95% CI were not analyzed as the total number of patients with an event was <14 in one
subgroup.
p-value is for homogeneity of the treatment group difference among subgroups (test for group by
covariate interaction) with no adjustment for multiple tests. p=0.054 for body mass index.

Section O. Sensitivity analyses

Table S9. Sensitivity analyses of the primary outcome
Placebo

Empagliflozin

Cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (excluding silent myocardial infarction), or

non-fatal stroke (3-point MACE): primary outcome
Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a
patients last intake of trial medication
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2333

4687

229 (9.8)

412 (8.8)

39.8

34.4

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.87 (0.74, 1.02)

p-value

0.09

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2308

4607

227 (9.8)

407 (8.8)

39.5

34.1

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.87 (0.74, 1.02)

p-value

0.08

Patients treated with 1 dose of study drug who did not have important protocol violations (perprotocol set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value
Cox regression analysis.

2316

4654

278 (12.0)

487 (10.5)

43.4

37.4
0.86 (0.75, 1.00)
0.05

Table S10. Sensitivity analyses of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and

stroke
Placebo

Empagliflozin

Cardiovascular death
Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a
patients last intake of trial medication*
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2333

4687

92 (3.9)

114 (2.4)

15.5

9.2

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.59 (0.45, 0.78)

p-value

<0.001

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2308

4607

90 (3.9)

112 (2.4)

15.2

9.1

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.60 (0.45, 0.79)

p-value

<0.001

Non-fatal myocardial infarction

Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a
patients last intake of trial medication*
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2333

4687

103 (4.4)

193 (4.1)

17.7

15.9

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.90 (0.71, 1.15)

p-value

0.40

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value

2308

4607

102 (4.4)

192 (4.2)

17.5

15.9
0.91 (0.71, 1.15)
0.43

Fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction

Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a

patients last intake of trial medication*

N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2333

4687

108 (4.6)

202 (4.3)

18.6

16.7

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.90 (0.71, 1.14)

p-value

0.39

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2308

4607

107 (4.6)

200 (4.3)

18.4

16.5

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

0.90 (0.71, 1.14)

p-value

0.39

Non-fatal stroke
Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a
patients last intake of trial medication*
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2333

4687

58 (2.5)

133 (2.8)

9.9

10.9

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

1.12 (0.82, 1.52)

p-value

0.48

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years

2308

4607

58 (2.5)

131 (2.8)

9.9

10.8

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

1.10 (0.81, 1.50)

p-value

0.54

Fatal and non-fatal stroke

Patients who received 1 dose of study drug including only events observed 30 days after a
patients last intake of trial medication*
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value

2333

4687

66 (2.8)

143 (3.1)

11.3

11.7
1.06 (0.79, 1.41)
0.71

Patients who received study drug for 30 days (cumulative) including only events that occurred
30 days after a patients last intake of trial medication (on treatment set)
N
Patients with events no. (%)
Rate/1000 patient-years
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
p-value
Cox regression analysis. *Post-hoc analyses.

2308

4607

66 (2.9)

141 (3.1)

11.3

11.6
1.04 (0.78, 1.40)
0.78

Section P. Weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, low density
and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid over time.
Figure S3. Weight (A), waist circumference (B), blood pressure (C and D), heart rate
(E), low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (F and G), uric acid (H) over
time.
Mixed model repeated measures analysis using all data up to individual trial completion
in treated patients who had a baseline and post-baseline measurement for the
respective outcome. The model included baseline glycated hemoglobin and baseline of
the outcome in question as linear covariates and baseline eGFR, region, body mass
index, the last week a patient could have had a measurement of the outcome in
question, treatment, visit, visit by treatment interaction, baseline glycated hemoglobin by
visit interaction and baseline of the outcome in question by visit interaction as fixed
effects.

A. Weight

B. Waist circumference.

C. Systolic blood pressure

D. Diastolic blood pressure

E. Heart rate

F. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol

Conversion factor: 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L

G. High density lipoprotein cholesterol

Conversion factor: 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L

H. Uric acid

Conversion factor: 1 mg/dL = 59.485 mol/L

Section Q. Glucose-lowering and cardiovascular medications introduced post-baseline

Table S11. Glucose-lowering medications introduced post-baseline
Placebo (N = 2333)

Empagliflozin (N = 4687)
no. (%)

Any glucose-lowering therapy

Insulin
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
Sulfonylurea
Metformin
Thiazolidinedione
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist
Data are from patients treated with 1 dose of study drug.

736 (31.5)
268 (11.5)
193 (8.3)
164 (7.0)
112 (4.8)
68 (2.9)

914 (19.5)
273 (5.8)
263 (5.6)
176 (3.8)
172 (3.7)
56 (1.2)

57 (2.4)

65 (1.4)

Table S12. Cardiovascular medications introduced post-baseline

Placebo (N = 2333)

Empagliflozin (N = 4687)
no. (%)

Anti-hypertensive therapy
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin
receptor blockers
Diuretics
Beta blockers

1106 (47.4)
640 (27.4)

1903 (40.6)
1108 (23.6)

530 (22.7)
420 (18.0)

760 (16.2)
745 (15.9)

Calcium channel blockers

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Renin inhibitors
Other
Lipid-lowering drugs
Statins

427 (18.3)
110 (4.7)
6 (0.3)
138 (5.9)
643 (27.6)
529 (22.7)

592 (12.6)
135 (2.9)
8 (0.2)
234 (5.0)
1245 (26.6)
1040 (22.2)

Fibrates
Ezetimibe
Niacin
Other
Anticoagulants
Acetylsalicylic acid

118 (5.1)
44 (1.9)
12 (0.5)
64 (2.7)
623 (26.7)
402 (17.2)

188 (4.0)
87 (1.9)
23 (0.5)
92 (2.0)
1179 (25.2)
736 (15.7)

112 (4.8)
89 (3.8)

224 (4.8)
136 (2.9)

Clopidogrel
Vitamin K antagonists
Data are from patients treated with 1 dose of study drug.

Section R. Complicated urinary tract infections

Table S13. Breakdown of complicated urinary tract infections by MedDRA preferred term
Placebo

Empagliflozin 10 mg

Empagliflozin 25 mg

Pooled empagliflozin

(N = 2333)

(N = 2345)

(N = 2342)

(N = 4687)

no. (%) with one or more event

Complicated urinary tract infection

41 (1.8)

34 (1.4)

48 (2.0)

82 (1.7)

Urinary tract infection

16 (0.7)

13 (0.6)

16 (0.7)

29 (0.6)

Urosepsis

3 (0.1)

6 (0.3)

11 (0.5)

17 (0.4)

Pyelonephritis

4 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

10 (0.4)

13 (0.3)

Pyelonephritis chronic

10 (0.4)

4 (0.2)

6 (0.3)

10 (0.2)

Pyelonephritis acute

6 (0.3)

7 (0.3)

1 (<0.1)

8 (0.2)

Cystitis

2 (0.1)

Kidney infection

2 (0.1)

1 (<0.1)

3 (0.1)

4 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

Cystitis bacterial

1 (<0.1)

Escherichia urinary tract infection

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

1 (<0.1)

Urinary tract infection fungal

Urinary tract infection

pseudomonal
Cystitis glandularis
Cystitis hemorrhagic
Nephritis

Data are from patients treated with 1 dose of study drug based on events that occurred on treatment or 7 days after the last intake of study
medication. Complicated urinary tract infection defined as pyelonephritis, urosepsis or serious adverse event consistent with urinary tract infection.
There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between pooled empagliflozin and placebo.

Section S. Clinical laboratory data.

Table S14. Changes in clinical laboratory parameters.
Placebo
Change from
baseline
41.1 5.7
0.9 4.7
13.4 1.5
-0.1 1.2
Baseline

Hematocrit, %
Hemoglobin, g/dL

Empagliflozin 10 mg
Baseline
Change from
baseline
41.2 5.6
4.8 5.5
13.4 1.5
0.8 1.3

Empagliflozin 25 mg
Baseline
Change from
baseline
41.3 5.7
5.0 5.3
13.5 1.5
0.8 1.3

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.03 0.29
0.03 0.22
1.02 0.28
0.04 0.18
1.03 0.30
0.05 0.18
Estimated glomerular filtration rate,
74.0 21.1
-2.0 11.5
74.4 21.8
-2.3 12.1
74.3 21.1
-2.9 11.8
2
mL/min/1.73m
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L
14 12
0 24
13 10
0 15
14 11
0 26
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L
18 14
0 32
17 11
-1 17
18 12
-2 22
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L
64 32
5 33
65 32
3 33
64 33
3 26
Electrolytes
Sodium, mEq/L
141 2
02
141 2
02
141 2
02
Potassium, mEq/L
4.3 0.4
0.0 0.4
4.3 0.4
0.0 0.4
4.3 0.4
0.0 0.4
Calcium, mg/dL
9.7 0.5
0.0 0.5
9.7 0.4
0.0 0.5
9.7 0.4
0.0 0.5
Magnesium, mEq/L
1.7 0.2
0.0 0.2
1.7 0.2
0.1 0.2
1.7 0.2
0.1 0.2
Chloride, mEq/L
102 2
-1 2
102 2
-1 2
102 2
-1 2
Phosphate, mg/dL
3.7 0.3
0.0 0.3
3.7 0.3
0.1 0.3
3.7 0.3
0.1 0.3
Plus-minus values are means SD and data are normalized to a standard reference range. Changes from baseline are the last measurement 3
days after the last intake of study medication. Data are from patients treated with 1 dose of study drug with a baseline and on-treatment
measurement.
Conversion factors: serum creatinine: 1 mg/dL = 88.4 mol/L; sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate: 1 mEq/L = 1 mmol/L; calcium: 1 mg/dL
= 0.25 mmol/L; magnesium: 1 mEq/L = 0.5 mmol/L