INTRODUCTION OF COIR

Coir is a natural fiber extracted from the husk of the coconut. Among the natural fiber, coir
has some unique characteristic particularly its rigidity, durability and friction. Coconut husk is the
basic raw material for coir products. Around 50 percent of the available coir husk is used to
produce coir products .Hence; there is scope for growth of coir industry .Varieties of coir husk is
used as fuel, as surface and seeding pit, and as a fertilizer in coconut gardens due to the high
potash content. The most important commercial utilization of husk is in the manufacturing of coir.

COIR INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Indian coir industry is an important cottage industry contributing significantly to the
economy of the major coconut growing states and union territories, i.e., Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa, Assam,

Andaman and Nicobar,

Lakshadweep, Pondicherry, etc. About 5.5lakh persons get employment, mostly part time, in this
industry. The exports from this industry are around Rs.70crore. Coconut husk is the basic raw
material for coir products. Around 50 percent of the available coir husk is used to produce coir
products. Hence, there is scope for growth of coir industry. During the seventh plan period,
encouragement has been given for expansion of home market through publicity and advertisement
, product diversification , adoption of new technology, research and development, training for
artisans, including women and social welfare measures for coir workers , most of whom are
SC/ST and women.
In India the coir industry started and flourished in Kerala, which has a long coast line,
lakes, lagoons and backwaters providing natural conditions required for carrying out retting
process. The industry has also picked up in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Tripura, Pondicherry, and the
union territories of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, though the efforts of Coir
Board. Coir is the rubbery husk of the coconut shell.

P.K. Fine fibers Manufacturer Company has started its production in 2010 and uses the
coconut husk as by- products, especially for the use of coir, fiber pith.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To study the overall function of P.k coir industry.

To get some practical knowledge on coir industry.
To give suggestion for better Improvement of the industry.

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

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NAME OF THE COMPANY

OWNER OF THE COMPANY

: P.K fine fibers

:MR.K.S. Arun

NO OF EMPLOYEES

: 50

ADDRESS

: 171/B2, Alampalayam, kurichikottai (po)

Udumalaipet 642112

MOBILE NO

: 9750855551

INVESTMENT

: Rs.7,00,000

WORKING HOURS

: 8 hours

ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANY

: 2010

OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY

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The important objectives of company are listed below one another.

To maintain the image of the company.

Produce the high quality fiber.
To increase the production.
Update the machineries and purchase the new trend machine.
To increase the sales and to increase profit.
Fulfilling the needs of customer.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Managing Director
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Manager
Workers
Supervisor

VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN THE COMPANY

The important department which is maintained inside the company .Is listed below one by another.
They are
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 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
STORES DEPARTMENT
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
SALES DEPARTMENT
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

The main part of this business is purchase department. This industry mainly depends on
agriculture for its raw material. This is one of the types of agro based industry. The coconut husk is
the main raw material for the production of fiber. This company depends upon the farmers who are
planting coconut in huge amount. The main sources of raw material are from the local area. Such
area are listed below one by another
.
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Udumalpet
Pollachi
Aanaimalai
Menachipuram
Kinathukadavu
Other local area.

Purchase division
Purchased goods are always kept in the store with proper facilities like ventilation.

Purchase manager

Supervisor

Workers

STORES DEPARTMENT

The required materials are supplied to maintenance electrical and production

department by the store department. The store department maintains enough stock of
materials for production. Such as spare parts of machine oil, Greece belt and packing
materials.
The store department follows FIFO (First in First Out) method for supply of
materials various department.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Coir is a one of the agro based industry. It mainly depends up on agriculture for the raw
material. The raw materials were collected from different sources such as local area farmer they
produce coconut in large scale. The main steps in the production process one listed below one by
another.
They are:
Collection of husk.
Storage of husk crusting
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Dumping
Polishing
Drying
Made into bundle
Final product

COLLECTION OF HUSK:
Coir is an agro based industry. It mainly depends on agriculture for the raw
material. The raw materials are collected from various sources. Such as local area agents and other
coconut planting farmers in huge quantity.
STORAGE OF HUSK:
This is the second step in the production of fiber. In this process the husk collected
from different sources were stored in a warehouse. Which is helpful for continues production of
fiber. This process is mainly done to avoid risk.

CRUSTING:
This is the important step in the production of fiber. The husk which was stored in
the warehouse was crusting machine. Under this process the raw husk is crusted and made as fiber.
DUMPING:
This is the 4th step in the production of fiber. In this process the fiber were taken
and stored in a room. In this process this fibers were dumped. And these dumped fibers should be
watered for 8hrs.This mainly done for the separation of the waste material from the high quality
fiber.
POLISHING:

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This is the 5th step in the production process. Separate the waste materials from
higher quality fiber. These fibers were taken for the process of polishing. Polishing is done by a
machine called as beater. After this process all the waste materials from the fiber were separated.
And higher quality fiber was well polished to get more softness.
DRYING:
This is the 6th step in the production of the fiber. The fibers which are polished
were shown under sun light for the purpose of drying. In this process the fiber will loss all the
moisture content in it. Then these fibers are made in to bundles.
MADE INTO BUNDLES:
This is 7th step in the production of fiber. In This process the fiber which loss its
moister because of sunlight were collected and made into bundles for the purpose of transport.
FINAL PRODUCT:
This is the last step in the production of fiber. These huge bundles were stored in a
warehouse. And after some days this fiber were transported to other place with the help of goods
carriers.
The production process is carried as follows:

Coconut husk

Coconut fiber

Bleaching

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White fiber

brown fiber

Coconut fiber bales

coir pith

COCONUT HUSK:
The coconut husk is immersed in the water for about month. The softened husk then is
beaten to separate the fiber from the husk. This is then woven for making yarn, known as coir.
While 50%of coconut husk is used for making coir, remaining share is used as a fuel in the rural.

BROWN COIR

RAW MATERIAL/ BROWN COIR

AUTO FEEDER MACHINE

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HUSK BROKEN MACHINE

HUSK POLISING MACHINE I

HUSK POLISHING MACHINE II

16 FEET SCREENER

8 FEET SCREENER

FINISHED GOODS
AUTO FEEDER MACHINE
At first step the coconut husk is inserted into the auto feeder machine. After this the
coconut will go to the husk broken machine through conveyer.
HUSK BROKEN MACHINE
Normally brown husks are very hard nature. And it will be half broken by the husk broken
machine and it goes to the husk polishing machine I.
HUSK POLISHING MACHINE I
After entering into the husk polishing machine I the half broken husk will be completely
broken to the stage of fiber.
HUSK POLISHING MACHINE II
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The fiber after entering into the husk polishing machine II will get completely polished
and sent to the 16 feet screener through conveyer.
16 FEET SCREENER
The finely polished fiber gets separated into good fiber and bad fiber. Good fiber gets
through the conveyer to field. The bad fiber is taken to the 8 feet screener.
8 FEET SCREENER
The bad fiber is again republished the fiber that are suitable for making coir pith is taken
through the conveyer to the tractor and the bottom level fiber is taken to the waste land.
FINISHED GOODS
The fine fibers that are being dried up in the field is dumped in stock in point
where it is packed as 30kg bale. Now the bale is ready for transportation to make it as a value
added product.

WHITE FIBER

AUTO FEEDER MACHINE

RAW MATERIAL/ WHITE HUSKS

HUSK BROKEN MACHINE

HUSK POLISHING MACHINE I

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HUSK POLISHING MACHINE II

16 FEET SCREENER

8 FEET SCREENER

FINISHED GOODS
WHITE HUSKS
White husks brought farms are washed and then feeder into conveyor.
AUTO FEEDER MACHINE
At first step the coconut husk is inserted into the auto feeder machine. After this the
coconut will go to the husk broken machine through conveyer.
HUSK BROKEN MACHINE
Normally brown husks are very hard nature. And it will be half broken by the husk broken
machine and it goes to the husk polishing machine I.
HUSK POLISHING MACHINE I
After entering into the husk polishing machine I the half broken husk will be completely
broken to the stage of fiber.
HUSK POLISHING MACHINE II
The fiber after entering into the husk polishing machine II will get completely polished
and sent to the 16 feet screener through conveyer.

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16 FEET SCREENER
The finely polished fiber gets separated into good fiber and bad fiber. Good fiber gets
through the conveyer to field. The bad fiber is taken to the 8 feet screener.
8 FEET SCREENER
The bad fiber is again republished the fiber that are suitable for making coir pith is taken
through the conveyer to the tractor and the bottom level fiber is taken to the waste land.
FINISHED GOODS
The fine fibers that are being dried up in the field is dumped in stock in point
where it is packed as 30kg bale. Now the bale is ready for transportation to make it as a value
added product

COIR PITH

As a by-product of coir fiber extraction large quantities of pith are obtained, which have
been accumulating at production sites over the year .The extraction of 1kg of fiber generation more
than 2kg of coir pith, recently however. The product has gained commercial interest as a substitute
for a peat moss in horticulture substrate cultivation. The pith weight is 5 kg for compact packing.

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SALES DEPARTMENT

The final product of this industry is fiber & pith block. These products are taken to market
place with the help of goods carriers. The goods were mainly exported to many areas like. Such
areas are listed below one by another.

Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Pollachi
Delhi

These places are the important place for export of the fiber material is done. The main
production of this company is fiber. These products are taken to market place with the help of
goods carriers.
The main usage of fiber is to make:

A rope
A mate
A floor mats
A brush
A door mats etc
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A ROPE:
White fibers are used for making rope.
Piles of coir waiting to be made into rope.

A MATE:
The fiber obtained from the husk of a coconut, used chiefly in making rope and
matting.

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A FLOOR MATS:
Floor mates are used in floors.
Floors mates are used in homes, hospital, colleges etc..
A BRUSH:
Brush is defined as to use a tool with bristles or to quickly sweep something with
the hard.
An example of a brush is a tool for getting knots out of coir.
A DOOR MATS:
Coir is natural fibers extracted from the husk of coconut and used is products such
as floor mats, door mats, brushes, mattresses etc

These are the goods which are produced with the help of raw fiber and sold in market
which brings revenue to the sales department.

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Finance is the life blood of business. The finance department is under the responsibility of
administrative officer. The responsibility of an administrative is to maintain the accounts
regarding financial position the concern.
The administrative office is also responsible for all the day to day operation like using
cheques and cost involved in purchasing raw material and other accessories. All the business
transaction comes under control of the administrative offices.

The banks of the organization are:-

1. State bank of India

2. Canara bank
3. Indian bank

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ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT

This is one of the main departments in the business process. This is one of the branches of
financial department. All the accounts are maintaining separately in separate ledger book and the
journal books. The profit was calculated at the end of the each year. The annual turnover of the
company is more than Rs.60,00,000 .The company has maintained different books such as:

Sales book
Purchase book
Cash book
Sales return book
Purchase return book

SALES BOOK:
This is one of the important books in accounting system. In this book all the sales made by
the company are entered. This is mainly due of maintaining of sale book.
PURCHASE BOOK:

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This is one of the important books in accounting system. In this book all the purchase made
by the company are entered. This is mainly use of maintaining of purchase book.
CASH BOOK:
This is one of the important books in accounting system. In this book all the cash
transactions made by the company are ended. This is mainly used to know cash inflow and out
flow.

SALES RETURN BOOK:

This is one of the important books in accounting system. In this book all the sales return by
the customer are entered. This is mainly used to know the actual sales of goods.
PURCHASE RETURN:
This one of the important books in accounting system .In this book all the purchase returns
by the customer are entered .This is mainly used to know the actual purchase of goods.

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OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY

The company has smooth dealing of purchase of raw material for both cash and credit.

The concern provides betters working environment and welfare activities for it employees.

It keeps time delivery of sales to its buyers because of continues production

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CONCLUSION

We have acquired more practical knowledge about the fiber industry during the training
period. We have learned the problem faced by the fiber industry and steps taken by them to
overcome those problems. We have also acquired knowledge about accounting system followed by
the organization.
The process and function of each department, the various steps to be fowled in the
production process, the duties and responsibilities of the factory manager, quality control and other
function are being clearly understood.
Thus this industry training for 15 days though not for a long period, it has given us more
practical knowledge also has up the level of confidence.

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