Second Law

Law Of
Of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Second

In a reversible process the system :

A) is always close to equilibrium states
B) is close to equilibrium states only at the beginning and end
C) might never be close to any equilibrium state
D) is close to equilibrium states throughout, except at the beginning and end

2.

A slow (quasi-static) process is NOT reversible if :

A) the temperature changes
B) energy is absorbed or emitted as heat
C) work is done on the system
D) friction is present

3.

The difference in entropy S SB S A for two states A and B of a system can computed
as the integral

dQ / T provided :

du

.i n

1.

4.

ere

A) A and B are on the same adiabat

B) A and B have the same temperature
C) a reversible path is used for the integral
D) the work done on the system is first computed

Which of the following is NOT a state variable ?

A) Work
B) Internal energy
C) Entropy

D) Temperature

The change in entropy is zero for :

A) reversible adiabatic processes
B) reversible isothermal processes
C) reversible processes during which no work is done
D) reversible isobaric processes

6.

Which of the following processes leads to a change in entropy of zero for the system undergoing the process ?
A) Non-cyclic isobaric (constant pressure )
B) Non-cyclic isochoric (constant volume)
C) Non-cyclic isothermal (constant temperature) D) Any closed cycle

ati

ve

5.

7.

An ideal gas expands into a vacuum in a rigid vessel. As a result there is :

A) a change in entropy
B) an increase of pressure
C) a change in temperature
D) a decrease of internal energy

8.

Consider all possible isothermal contractions of an ideal gas. The entropy of the gas :
A) does not change for any of them
B) decreases for all of them
C) does not decrease for any of them
D) does not increase for any of them

1 Ans

Key
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.A
Educaring Your JEE Education

6.D

7.A

8.B

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

All ideal gas, consisting of n moles, undergoes a reversible isothermal process during which
the volume changes from Vi to Vf. The change in entropy of the thermal reservoir in contact
with the gas is given by:
A) nR(VfVi)
B) nR ln(VfVi)
C) nRln(Vi/Vf)
D) nRln(Vf/Vi)

.i n

9.

10. One mole of an ideal gas expands slowly and isothermally at temperature T until its volume is
doubled. The change of entropy of this gas for this process is :
A) R ln 2
B) (ln 2) /T
C) 0
D) RT ln 2

du

11. An ideal gas, consisting of n moles, undergoes an irreversible process in which the temperature has the same value at the beginning and end. If the volume changes from Vi to Vf, the
change in entropy of the gas is given by :
A) nR(VfVi)
B) nR ln(VfVi)
C) nR ln(Vi/Vf)
D) nR ln(Vf/Vi)

ere

12. The temperature of n moles of a gas is increased from Ti to Tf at constant pressure. If the
molar specific heat at constant pressure is Cp and is independent of temperature, then change
in the entropy of the gas is :
A) nCpln(Tf/Ti)
B) nCpln(Ti/Tf)
C) nCpln(TfTi)
D) nCpln(1Ti/Tf)

ve

13. Consider the following processes: The temperature of two identical gases are increased from
the same initial temperature to the same temperature. Reversible processes are used. For gas
A the process is carried out at constant volume while for gas B it is carried out at constant
pressure. The change in entropy:
A) is the same for A and B
B) is greater for A
C) is greater for B
D) is greater for A only if the initial temperature is low

ati

14. A hot object and a cold object are placed in thermal contact and the combination is isolated.
They transfer energy until they reach a common temperature. The change DSh in the entropy
of the hot object, the change DSC in the entropy of the cold object, and the change DStotal in
the entropy of the combination are :
A) DSh>0,DSC>0,DStotal>0
B) DSh<0,DSC>0,DStotal>0
C) DSh>0,DSC>0,DStotal<0
D) DSh>0,DSC<0,DStotal>0
15. Let SI denote the change in entropy of a sample for an irreversible process from state A to
state B. Let SR denote the change in entropy of the same sample for a reversible process from
state A to state B. Then:
A) SI>SR
B) SI=SR
C) SI<SR
D) SI=0

2 Ans

Key
9.C
10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C
Educaring Your JEE Education

14.B

15.B

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

.i n

16. For all irreversible processes involving a system and its environment :
A) the entropy of the system does not change
B) the entropy of the system increase
C) the total entropy of the system and its environment does not change
D) the total entropy of the system and its environment increases

du

17. According to the second law of thermodynamics :

A) heat energy cannot be completely converted to work
B) work cannot be completely converted to heat energy
C) for all cyclic processes we have dQ/T<0
D) the reason all heat engine efficiencies are less than 100% is friction, which is unavoidable

ere

18. A Consider the following processes :

I. Energy flows as heat from a hot object to a colder object
II. Work is done on a system and an equivalent amount of energy is rejected as heat by the
system
III. Energy is absorbed as heat by a system and an equivalent amount of work is done by the
system
Which are never found to occur ?
A) Only I
B) Only II
C) Only III
D)OnlyII and III

ve

19. In a thermally insulated kitchen, an ordinary refrigerator is turned on and its door is left open.
The temperature of the room :
A) remains constant according to the first law of thermodynamics
B) increases according to the first law of thermodynamics
C) decreases according to the first law of thermodynamics
D) remains constant according to the second law of thermodynamics

ati

20. A heat engine :

A) converts heat input to an equivalent amount of work
B) converts work to an equivalent amount of heat
C) takes heat in, does work, and rejects heat
D) uses positive work done on the system to transfer heat from a low temperature reservoir
to a high temperature reservoid

21. A heat engine absorbs energy of magnitude |QH| as heat from a high temperature resevoir,
does work of magnitude |W|, and rejects energy of magnitude |QL| as heat to a low temperature reservoir. Its efficiency is:
A) |QH|/|W|
B) |QL|/|W|
C)|Q H|/|Q L|
D)|W|/|QH|

3 Ans

Key
16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C
Educaring Your JEE Education

21.D

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

.i n

22. A Carnot heat engine runs between a cold reservoir at temperature TC and a hot reservoir at
temperature TH. You want to increase its efficiency. Of the following, which change results in
the greatest increase in efficiency? The value of DT is the same for all changes.
A) Raise the temperature of the hot reservoir by DT
B) Raise the temperature of the cold reservoir by DT
C) Lower the temperature of the hot reservoir by DT
D) Lower the temperature of the cold reservoir by DT

23. A certain heat engine draws 500 cal/s from a water bath at 270C and rejects 400 cal/s to a
reservoir at a lower temperature. The efficiency of this engine is :
A) 80%
B) 75 %
C) 55%
D) 20%

du

24. A heat engine that in each in each cycle does positive work and rejects energy as heat, with
no heat energy input, would violate :
A) the zeroth law of thermodynamics
B) the first law of thermodynamics
C) the second law of thermodynamics
D) the third law of thermodynamics

ere

25. A cyclical process that transfers energy as heat from a high temperature reservoir to a low
temperature reservoir with no other change would violate :
A) the zeroth law of thermodynamics
B) the first law of thermodynamics
C) the second law of thermodynamics
D) none of the above

ve

26. A heat engine in each cycle absorbs energy of magnitude |QH| as heat from a high temperature reservoir, does work of magnitude |W|, and then absorbs energy of magnitude |QL| as
heat from a low temperature reservoir. If |W| =|QH|+|QL| this engine violates :
A) the zeroth law of thermodynamics
B) the first law of thermodynamics
C) the second law of thermodynamics
D) the third law of thermodynamics

ati

27. A Carnot cycle :

A) is bounded by two isotherms and two adiabats on a pV graph
B) consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes
C) is any four-sided process on a pV graph
D) only exists for an ideal gas

28. According to the second law of thermodynamics :

A) all heat engines have the same efficiency
B) all reversible heat engines have the same efficiency
C) the efficiency of any heat engine is independent of its working substance
D) the efficiency of a Carnot engine depends only on the temperatures of the reservoirs

29. A Carnot heat engine operates between 2270C and 1270C. Its efficiency is :
A) 20 %
B) 25%
C) 44%
D) 79%

4 Ans

Key
22.D 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C
Educaring Your JEE Education

27.A

28.D

29.A

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

30. A Carnot heat engine operates between a hot reservoir at absolute temperature T1 and a cold
reservoir at absolute temperature T2. Its efficiency is
A) T1/T2
B) T2/T1
C) 1T1/T2
D) 1T2/T1

du

.i n

31. A Carnot heat engine and an irreversible heat engine both operate between the same high
temperature and low temperature reservoirs. They absorb the same energy from the high
temperature reservoir as heat. The irreversible engine :
A) does more work
B) rejects more energy to the low temperature reservoir as heat
C) has the greater efficiency
D) has the same efficiency as the reversible engine

ere

32. A heat engine operates between 200 K and 100 K. In each cycle it takes 100 J from the hot
reservoir, loses 25 J to the cold reservoir, and does 75J of work. This heat engine violates :
A) both the first and second laws of thermodynamics
B) the first law but not the first law of thermodynamics
C) the second law but not the first law of thermodynamics
D) neither the first law nor the second law of thermodynamics

33. A refrigerator absorbs energy of magnitude |QC| as heat from a low temperature reservoir
and rejects energy of magnitude |QH| as heat to a high temperature reservoir. Work W is done
on the working substance. The coefficient of performance is given by :
A) |QC|/W
B) |QH|/W
C) (|QC|+|QH|)/W
D) W/|QC|

ve

34. A Carnot refrigerator operates between a low temperature reservoir at TC and a high temperature reservoir at TH. Its coefficient of performance is given by :
A) (THTC)/TC
B) TC/(THTC)
C) (THTC )/TH
D) TH(T HT C)

ati

35. An Carnot refrigerator runs between a cold reservoir at temperature TC and a hot reservoir at
temperature TH. You want to increase its coefficient of performance. Of the following, which
change results in the greatest increase in the coefficient ? The value of DT is the same for all
changes.
A) Raise the temperature of the hot reservoir by DT
B) Raise the temperature of the cold reservoir by DT
C) Lower the temperature of the hot reservoir by DT
D) Lower the temperature of the cold reservoir by DT

36. The most efficient heat engine would operate by taking heat at particular temperature and:
A) Converting it all into work
B) Converting some of it into work and rejecting the rest at a lower temperature

5 Ans

Key
30.D 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.B
Educaring Your JEE Education

35.B

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

C) Converting some of it into work and rejecting the rest at the same temperature
D) Converting some of it into work and rejecting the rest at a higher temperature

B) Irreversible
D) Driven by oil

.i n

37. The most efficient heat engine is one which is:

A) Reversible
C) Driven by high speed diesel

38. An engine works between two temperatures 227oC and 27oC. The efficiency of the engine is:
A) 40%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 100%

du

39. An ideal heat engine exhausting heat at 27oC is to have 25% efficiency. It must take heat at:
A) 127oC
B) 227oC
C) 327oC
D) 673oC

ere

40. A Carnot engine takes in 3000 kcal of heat from a reservoir at 627oC and gives it to a sink at
27oC. The work done by the engine is:
A) 4.2 106 J
B) 8.4 106 J
C) 16.8 106 J
D) Zero

41. A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600 K has a work output of 800 J per cycle. The
amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from the source in each cycle is:
A) 800 J
B) 1600 J
C) 3500 J
D) 6400 J

42. The efficiency of a railway engine is:

A) 1%
B) 10%

D) 100%

ve

C) 50%

ati

43. A cycle pump gets hot near the nozzle after a few quick storkes even if they are smooth
because:
A) The volume of air decreases at constant pressure
B) The number of air molecules increases
C) The piston causes lot of friction
D) The process is so quick that exchange of heat with the environment does not take place.
An adiabatic compression causes increase in temperature

44. A carnot engine, having an efficiency of =1/10 as heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If
the work done on the system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at
lower temperature is:
A) 100 J
B) 99 J
C) 90 J
D) 1 J

6 Ans

Key
36.B 37.A 38.A 39.A 40.B
Educaring Your JEE Education

41.B

42.B

43.D

44.C

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

45. A Carnot engine operates with source at 127oC and sink at 27oC. If the source supplies 40 kJ
of heat energy, the work done by the engine is:
A) 30 kJ
B) 10 kJ
C) 4 kJ
D) 1 kJ

5
and then an ideal diatomic gas
3

.i n

46. A carnot engine uses first an ideal monoatomic gas

as its working substance. The source and sink temperature are 4111oC and 69oC
3

du

respectively and the engine extracts 1000 J of heat from the source in each cycle, then:
A) efficiencies of the engine in the two cases are in the ratio 21.25
B) area enclosed by the PV diagram in only the first case is 500 J
C) area enclosed by the PV diagram in both cases is 500 J
D) heat rejected to the sink in the first case is 600 J while that in the second case is 713 J

ati

ve

ere

47. A reversible heat engine converts one sixth of the heat input into work. When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 62oC, efficiency of the engine is doubled. Temperature of the
source and sink are:
A) 80oC,37oC
B) 99oC,37oC
C) 95oC, 37oC
D) 82 o C,
o
31 C

7 Ans

Key
45.B 46.C 47.B
Educaring Your JEE Education