LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-1

7.1
Look at example 7.1 in the textbook,only the moderator materials are different
Since the reactor is critical,

k T f 1
T 2.065 from table 6.3 so f 0.484
We will use t d t dM (1 f ) and t dM from table 7.1
t dM,D2O 4.3e 2; t dM,Be 3.9e 3; t dM,C 0.017
Then,
t d,D2O =0.022188sec;t d,Be =2.0124e-3sec;t d,C 8.772e 3sec

7.5
Onedelayedneutron group reactivity equation;

lp
1 lp

where 0.0065; 0.1sec1

1 lp

For lp 0.0sec

For lp 0.0001sec

For lp 0.001sec

Note:In this question examine the figure 7.2 and see that to give a constant period value ,say
1 sec,you should give much more reactivity as p.neutron lifetime increases.And it is strongl
recommended that before exam,study figure 7.1 .

7.8

2e 4 from figure 7.2 so you can ignore jump in power(flux)

in this positive reactivity insertion situation
t
P
Pf Pi e T then t=ln f T 3.456hr
Pi

7.10
In eq 7.19

prompt neutrons:(1-)k a T
delayed neutrons:pC

in a critical reactor(from 7.21)

k
dC
0 C a T pC k a T
dt
p

s T (1-)k a T k a T

prompt

delayed

Now you can compare their values

prompt (1-)

delayed

LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-2

7.12

P0 t

1
P(t)
e
in here
then, and

T
P0 Tt
P(t)
e in here take T=-80sec

P0
P0 10
e 80 t 25.24 min .
1 (5)
9

7.14

k ,0 pf 0 ,critical state
k ,1 pf1 ,original state

k ,1 1
k ,1

k ,1 k ,0
k ,1

pf1 pf 0
f
1 0
pf1
f1

a1F
a 0 F
f1 F
f0
and we know a1F =0.95 a 0 F and finally,
M
F
M
a1 a
a 0 a
f0
1 0.95a 0 F a M
1 1
(
)
f1
0.95 a 0 F a M
7.16
20 min 60sec/ min
1731.6sec.
ln 2
b)From fig 7.2 rectivity is small so small reactivity assumption can be used as,
1
1
T= i t i
0.0848(from table 7.3)=4.89e-5=4.89e-3%
i
1731.6
4.89e-5
also in dollars=
7.52e 3$ 0.752cents
0.0065(U235)
t
T

a)2P0 P0e T

7.17
8hr 60 min 60sec
8hr 60 min 60sec
T
6253.8sec(very large)
T
ln100
b)We will make small reactivity insertion approximation using the insight
given by figure 7.2 for U-235 so,
1
1
T= i t i
0.0324(from table 7.3)=5.18e-6
i
6253.8
a)100MW 1MWe

7.18

a)From fig 7.1 when 0 1 0 so T=

1
T
1

b)Use prompt jump approximation,

100)sec
P0 Tt
P0 Tt
10watts (300100sec
P(t)=
e
e
e
82watts

0.099

1
1

1
c)Use T=-80sec.
300)sec
P0 Tt
P0 Tt 82watts (t 80sec
P(t)=
e
e
e

1
1 ( )

LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-3

7.20
Insert 7.56 into 7.57 and plot reactivity vs rod radius
Using eq. 7.57 and 7.56 we plotted and found the radius value for 10% reactivity=3.9 cm
reactivity vs rod radius(a)
0.14

0.12
X: 3.9
Y: 0.1004

reactivity

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.5

1.5

2.5
rod radius

3.5

4.5

7.23

a)For a slab this equation is solved you know as,

x
x q
T (x) A1 sinh( ) A 2 cosh( ) T then to find the constants you must introduce
L
L a
2 boundary conditions
1 d T
1 d T
1
B.C.1:
0 @ x=0 and B.C.2:
@ x=(m/2)-a
T dx
T dx
d
Introducing B.C.1 you find A1 0 and B.C.2
x

cosh( )

q
L
A2=- T 1

d
a
sinh((m 2a) / 2L) cosh((m 2a) / 2L)
L

So finally,
x

cosh( )

qT
L
T (x) 1

d
a
sinh((m 2a) / 2L) cosh((m 2a) / 2L)
L

b)
Neutron current density at the blade surface,
d
L
J @(m/2)-a D T

d
dx @(m/2)-a
coth((m 2a) / 2L)
L
Let 's follow the instructions in the question
Multiply the n.current density by the area of the blades in the cell...
---What is the area of the blades in the cell:
From fig 7.9,assume unit depth into the page so the cross sectional area of one of four blades,
A=(l-a) 1
Divide by the total number of neutrons thermalizing per second in the cell
---What is the volume of the cell:
From fig 7.9,assume unit depth into the page so
V=(m-2a) (m 2a) 1
So as in page 358
4(l a)
1
fR
2
(m 2a) d coth((m 2a) / 2L)
L

7.25
You should find the B-10 average atom density in the reactor

Total mass of B-10=50rods 500g=25 103g

25e3
N
0.6022e24 1.39e27atoms
10.8
Atom density averaged over whole reactor volume,
1.39e27
NB
2.9e21 atoms/cm3 aB 2.9e21 0.27b 7.8e 4cm 1
4
(48.5)3
3
7.8e 4
use eq.7.62 then find,w
0.0938 9.4%
0.00833 0.000019

7.27

H 100cm and 0.5$@ x H

a) For x 3H / 4 75cm

1
x

Sin(2 x / H ) (3H / 4) 0.4545$

H 2

so the positive reactivity insertion is

-0.4545$-(-0.5$)=0.04545$

( x) ( H )

b) The rate of reactivity per cm can be found by differentiating the reactivity equation over
the distance.

1 1

d ( x) d
1
x

( H )
Sin(2 x / H ) ( H ) Cos(2 x / H )
dx
dx
H H

H 2

d ( x)
0.005$ / cm 0.5cent / cm
dx x 3H / 4

7.31
There is a decrease in T so lets examine the effects of sign of temperature coefficients,

If T ()
decrease in T decrease in k reduces P
gives further dec. in k shut down(unstable)
If T ()
decrease in T increase in k increase in P
inc. in T and finally reactor returns to its original state!(stable)
7.33

N FVF I
p exp

M sM VM
I: Resonance Integral

sM : Scattering Cross-Section of Moderator

M : Constant
2a 1.5 a 0.75 (rod radius)
dI I (300 K ) 1

I (T ) I (300 K )(1 1 ( T T0 ))
dT
2 T
I (T )

sM M VM
ln p
N FVF

T T0 I (T ) I (T0 ) k ln 0.912 0.0921k where k

sM M VM
N FVF

For slightly enriched uranium dioxide reactor take 10.5 g / cm3 (See Chapter 6).

1 A C / a where A 61104 and C 2.68 102 (Table 7.4) 1 0.009503

T 665C ( 938K ) I (T ) I (T0 )(1 13.31* 1 ) 1.1264I (T0 )
I (T ) 0.09211.1264 k 0.1037k

p@665o C exp I (T ) exp 0.1037 0.9014

k

7.34

70 F 210C
550 F 287 0C
d
T

(287 21) 2 105 0C

dT T
where =0.0065

5.32e 3 0.532% 0.81$

7.37
First you should solve problem 7.36 to find the fraction of expelled water,

575F 301 0 C
585F 307 C
0

Vvessel

6 0 C increase in T

D 2

6.5m3 Vwater v 0 3.25m3

4

v
v T v 3.25m3 3e 3 6 0 C 5.85e 2m3
v0

v
0.018
v0

Then find f after expelling,

k ,0 pf 0 ,critical state
k ,1 pf1 ,original state

k ,1 1
k ,1

k ,1 k ,0
k ,1

pf1 pf 0
f
1 0
pf1
f1

a1F
a 0 F
f

and we know a1F =0.95 a 0 F and finally,

0
F
M
F
M
a1 a
a 0 a

f1

f0
1 0.95 a 0 F a M
1 1
(
)
f1
0.95 a 0 F a M
f0

a F
a F a M

in here f 0 0.682 so

a F
a F (1 ) a M
a M 1
1
a F f0

so
f

1
1
1 0.0982 ( 1)
f0

0.956

f-f 0
0.287
f
0.287
Finally, T (f )
0 0.0478per 0 C
T
6 C

Then =

LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-4

7.39
The reactivity equivalent of equilibrium xenon is to be;

I X T
where X 0.770 1013 / cm2 sec and X 0.00237 and I 0.0639
p X T

2.42 and p 1

-0.005

reactivity

-0.01

-0.015

-0.02

X: 4.8
Y: -0.02695

-0.025

-0.03

0.5

1.5

Note the convergence ..

2
2.5
3
thermal flux x 1e14

3.5

4.5

7.42
For Xenon using eq.7.94
X

( I X ) f T

X aX T
where I 6.39e 2 and X 2.37e 3 (from table 7.5)
X 2.09e 5 (from table 7.6)
You should make a correction to the thermal absorption cross
section as follows,

20 0.5
)
2
200
aX (200C ) 0.886 1.236 2.65e6 1e 24 0.316

a,X

g aXe (200 0C ) a,X (20 0C ) (

aX (200C ) 9.17e 19cm 2 9.17e5b finally,

X

0.06627 f 1e13
2.09e 5 9.17e5b 1e13

For Samarium using eq.7.94

S P

aX
where P 0.01071

20 0.5
)
2
200
aX (200C ) 0.886 2.093 41e3 1e 24 0.316

a,S

g aS (200 0C ) a,S (20 0C ) (

aX (200C ) 2.39e4b finally,

S 0.01071

f
2.39e4b

Note:When finding fission cross sections you should find the atom density of
uranium 235 for this infinite thermal reactor.To do this ,refer to example 6.5 on
page 294 taking buckling zero and find a relation between moderator number
density and fuel density.

7.43
Using eq. 7.98

0.06627
1e13

2.42
1e13 0.773e13
where p= =1
0.01071

2.42

Xe
Sm

7.44
First of all, we must write the rate equations for each element;

dN Sm
Sm N Sm a Sm N SmT Sm f T
dt
dN Eu
Sm N Sm Eu N Eu a Eu N EuT
dt
dN Gd
Eu N Eu a Gd N GdT
dt
a) For equilibrium reactivity;

N (t ) N (t dt )
Xi

Xi

and ignore

a Sm N SmT

&

a Eu N EuT

Inserted into all rate equations;

N Sm

Sm f T

Sm

dN X i (t )
0
dt

 Sm N Sm Eu N Eu
a N
Gd

Gd

Eu N Eu

Reactivity equation is found as below;

where

a Gd / f

Sm

Sm 7 105 and 2.42 and p 1

2.893 105
b)
157

Sm decays rapidly relative to

157

Eu and half-life of the

157

Sm is too small so,

dN Sm
0 Sm N Sm Sm f T Sm N Sm Sm f T
dt
This equation is inserted into rate equation of

157

Eu and

157

Gd ;

dN Eu
Sm f T Eu N Eu
dt
dN Gd (t )
Eu N Eu a Gd N GdT
dt
At shutdown N0Eu & N0Gd are equal to equilibrium concentration for 157 Eu and 157Gd .

No fission & no absorption is observed.

From rate equation of

From rate equation of

Eu N

157

157

Gd

Eu

Eu Eu t
0

(t ) N e

Gd

(t ) N

Gd
0

Sm f T Eu t

e
Eu

Sm f T
Eut

(1

e
)
Eu

From equilibrium of

Gd N

157

Gd
0

Sm f

a Gd

Sm f Sm f T
Eut
N (t )

(1

e
)
a Gd
Eu
Gd

Maximum reactivity is reached at time goes to infinity!

Gd
N max
(t ) Sm f (

a Gd / f

T
)
Eu

Gd
Sm
where a f (1

T a Gd
(1
) /
Eu
Sm

Gd

where

T a Gd
)
Eu

Eu 1.162 105 s

4.386 105 0.675cents

7.47
a) For constant power;

P ER fF (r , t )T (r , t )dV
V

So as N decreases ,flux should increase to keep power constant,

dN F (t )
N F (t ) aF T (t ) (1)
dt
P ER fF (t )T (t ), fF (t ) N F (t ) aF
N F (t )T (t ) N F (0)T (0) constant
integrating (1) between 0,t we get,
N F (t ) N F (0) N F (0) aF T (0)t
N F (t ) N F (0)[1 aF T (0)t ]
b)
P ER fF (t )T (t )

T (t )

P
ER fF

1
P
1

N F (t ) ER fF N F (0)[1 aF T (0)t ]