This document provides solutions to problems from Chapter 6 of Lamarsh Solutions involving criticality calculations for fast reactors.
a) It calculates the critical mass of beryllium (Be) moderator in a fast reactor core with a radius of 5.24x105 cm. The critical Be mass is found to be 1.73 kg.
b) It determines the thermal neutron flux distribution in the reactor, finding the flux is ΦT(r) = 3.66x1013 sin(πr/R).
c) It calculates the neutron leakage rate at the reactor boundary to be 2.3x1010 n/cm2-sec.
d) It finds the consumption rate of
This document provides solutions to problems from Chapter 6 of Lamarsh Solutions involving criticality calculations for fast reactors.
a) It calculates the critical mass of beryllium (Be) moderator in a fast reactor core with a radius of 5.24x105 cm. The critical Be mass is found to be 1.73 kg.
b) It determines the thermal neutron flux distribution in the reactor, finding the flux is ΦT(r) = 3.66x1013 sin(πr/R).
c) It calculates the neutron leakage rate at the reactor boundary to be 2.3x1010 n/cm2-sec.
d) It finds the consumption rate of
This document provides solutions to problems from Chapter 6 of Lamarsh Solutions involving criticality calculations for fast reactors.
a) It calculates the critical mass of beryllium (Be) moderator in a fast reactor core with a radius of 5.24x105 cm. The critical Be mass is found to be 1.73 kg.
b) It determines the thermal neutron flux distribution in the reactor, finding the flux is ΦT(r) = 3.66x1013 sin(πr/R).
c) It calculates the neutron leakage rate at the reactor boundary to be 2.3x1010 n/cm2-sec.
d) It finds the consumption rate of
This document provides solutions to problems from Chapter 6 of Lamarsh Solutions involving criticality calculations for fast reactors.
a) It calculates the critical mass of beryllium (Be) moderator in a fast reactor core with a radius of 5.24x105 cm. The critical Be mass is found to be 1.73 kg.
b) It determines the thermal neutron flux distribution in the reactor, finding the flux is ΦT(r) = 3.66x1013 sin(πr/R).
c) It calculates the neutron leakage rate at the reactor boundary to be 2.3x1010 n/cm2-sec.
d) It finds the consumption rate of
IMPORTANT TABLES: *TABLE 3.2 NON-1/V FACTORS *TABLE 3.4 THERMAL DATA (0.0253ev) FOR THE FISSILE NUCLIDES *TABLE 5.2 THERMAL NEUTRON DIFFUSION PARAMETERS OF COMMON MODERATORS AT 20C *TABLE 5.3 FAST GROUP CONSTANTS FOR VARIOUS MODERATORS *TABLE 6.1 NOMINAL ONE-GROUP CONSTANTS FOR A FAST REACTOR *TABLE 6.2 BUCKLINGS AND FLUXES FOR CRITICAL BARE REACTORS(ASSUME D IS SMALL) *TABLE 6.3 VALUES OF T *APPENDIXES:TABLE II.2 AND TABLEII.3
6.20 Assume d<<R
B 2 ( )2 =3.95e-3 cm-2 R a)
mF Z
2 aM M F aM ( E0 ) M F 1 B 2 M TM mM Z mM , eq(6.88) , where Z T 1 B 2 TM aF M M g aF (T ) aF ( E0 ) M M
,eq(6.83), M T2 L2T T 480 102 582cm2
And in here,
aM ( E0 ) 0.0092b, aF ( E0 ) 681b, gaF (T ) 0.978,T 2.065 so inserting into
eq(6.88) well find , mF 1.79e 3mM
Then the total mass of Be in the reactor as follows,
M 1.85g / cm3 , V
4 3 R 5.24 105 cm3 mM V 1.85 969kg mF 1.73kg [ANS] 3
b) Thermal flux is given by,
1 r
T (r ) A Sin(
r R
), from table 6.2 A
f N f f from 6.85 N F =
P in here P=50kW=5e4joules/sec ; E R 3.2e 11 joule 4R ER f 2
mF N A m N
f = F A g fF (T) f ( E0 ) ;and the values, VM F VM F 2
g fF (T)=0.976; f ( E0 ) 582b f =4.26e-3cm-1 and the constant A is found as follows,
A
5e4 1 r 3.66e13 T (r ) 3.66e13 Sin( ) [ANS] 4 50 3.2e 11 4.26e 3 r R 2
c)
Leakage : D
d dr
r R
D P 2.3e10 n/cm2.sec in here D=0.5 for Be R 4 4 ER f
[ANS] d)
cons.rate=1.05(1+ ) P g/day=1.05(1+0.169) 50e-3MW=0.0613 g/day [ANS]
6.26
DM 0.84cm d 2.13D 1.7892cm ;D is from table5.2
T235 (300C ) 2.055 from tab.6.3 and M T2 L2T T 721cm2
a)
For a critical reactor;
k 1 B 2 =1.012e-4 cm-2 2 2 1 MT B
where B 2 3 ( ) 2 and a 3 / B a a 2d 537.32cm
a [ANS] b)
3.87 P
max
a ER N 25 f 25 ( E0 ) 3
[from table 6.2] N 25 1113.5e24atoms / cm3
g f 25 (573K )
1113.5e24 235 4.3466e5 gr U-235 then found the mass of the natural uranium as, 0.6022e24 4.3466e5 mu 60 tons nat. Note:U in here 0.0072 is the percent of U235 in natural U 0.0072 m25
6.37 a)
b2 L 2.802 L (from equal volumes approach) b 1.58cm ,which is the radius of equivalent radius [ANS] b)
VF R2 L
0.290 VM b 2 L R 2 L
[ANS]
c) L F 1.55cm ; L M 2.85cm ; thus, 0.75 0.75 1.58 =0.48 ; y= =0.26 ; z= 0.55 1.55 2.85 2.85 Then as x,y and z are less than 0.75 you can use eq(6.117) and eq(6.118) with a good accuracy, After finding E and F then finally we'll use eq.6.114 in where, x=
a ,nat .U (T ) ( N 25 a ,25 ( E0 ) g a (T ) 25 N 28 a ,28 ( E0 ) g a (T ) 28 )
T0 12 ) and T
T0 12 ) 2 T in here you can use the table II.3 ,at 0.0253ev, aF 0.3677cm 1 & aM 0.0222cm 1 with a good accuracy or
a , water (T ) ( N H a , H ( E0 ) g a (T ) H N O a ,O ( E0 ) g a (T )O )
you can calculate yourself the macroscopic cross sections, inserting the following above
a235 680b & a238 2.73b & aM 0.664b and the other constants as F 19.1g / cm3 & M 1g / cm3 so finally f 0.797 [ANS]
d)
pe
N FVF I
M sM VM
where M sM 1.46 from table(6.6)
N F 4.83 102 1024 atoms / cm3 from table II.3
I A C a where A 2.8& C 38.3 from Table6.5
P 0.883 [ANS] e)Using fig. 6.10 and 1.5 cm rods on that figure
1.04
[ANS]
f)
25 f 25 a 25 a 28
The ratio
25 f 25 a 25
N 28 a 28 N 25
N 28 138 for natural U.Using 25 2.42, f 25 582b,g f25 (200 C ) 0.976 N 25
a 25 681b,g a25 (200 C ) 0.978, a 28 2.70b,g a25 (200 C ) 1.0017 gives,
T 1.32 and using the four factor formula we can find k k fp 0.9828
6.17
(-a) -100
100 (a)
a)
B 2 ( )2 in here a a 2d where d=2.13D and D=0.84 for graphite finally
a 2 B 9.53e 4 cm-2 b)
L2TM 3500 , TM 368 , T 2.065
Z Z=
2 1 B 2 M TM 6.56 and the using the relation, T 1 B 2 TM
N F aF N g (T ) aF ( E0 ) N F aF F 3.34e 5 so use, N M aM N M aM NM
NF F M M
F 1.046e 3 gr/cm3 and finally,
NM M M F N F,critical
F ,critical N AV MF
2.68e18 atoms/cm3
c)
L2T (1 f ) L2TM and here f=
Z 0.867 and so L2T 463cm2 Z+1
d)
k T f 1.79 e)
( x) max cos( J=-D
x a
) 5e12 cos(
d( x) D x 5e12 sin( ) dx a a
x a
) and the current
f)
1.57 P
max A
R N F ,critical ,25 f 25 ( E0 ) aE
[ again from table 6.2]
g fF (T ) 2 where a 200 2 2.13 0.84 203.57cm f 25 ( E0 ) can be found from table II.2 in appendix so you can find P from here! 6.27 assume d<<a
k 1 2 k B and k=1 for criticality L2 in the power producing section,core,you should solve the equation 2 c B2 c 0 and in the reflector region there is no fission ;so solve then, 1 2 R 2 R 0 LR For criticality conditions: a)
nf. reflector
core
-a/2
core
nf. reflector
a/2
c A1 cos( Bx) A2 sin( Bx)
dc dx
@ x 0 B.C.1 A2 0 c A1 cos( Bx)
R A3e
x LR
A4 e
x LR
lim x R must be finite so A4 0 R A3e
x LR
then interface B.C.
a a [I] c ( )=R ( ) 2 2 d d a a [II] -D c c @ x D R R @ x then introduce these into the fluxes, dx 2 dx 2 x
a I A1 cos( B ) = A3e 2 LR 2 x
A a II Dc BA1 sin( B ) 3 DR e 2 LR 2 LR
D II a criticality condition gives:D c B tan( B ) R (*) I 2 LR
(*) must be satisfied by the reactor to be critical.
b)
ref.
-a/2-b
-a/2
core
core
ref.
a/2
a/2+b
again c A1 cos(Bx)
x LR
x LR
a from vacuum B.C. R ( b) 0 2 a ( b) x a so we can write R =A 3sinh( 2 ) note that @ x= b vacuum B.C. is satisfied. LR 2 R A 3e
A 4e
then interface B.C.
a a [I] c ( )=R ( ) 2 2 d c d a a [II] -D c @ x D R R @ x then introduce these into the fluxes, dx 2 dx 2 a b I A1 cos(B ) = A 3 sinh( ) 2 LR A a b II Dc BA1 sin(B ) 3 D R cosh( ) 2 LR LR
D II a b criticality condition gives:D c B tan(B ) R coth( ) (**) I 2 LR LR
(**) must be satisfied by the reactor to be critical.
c)
R+b R
c A1
sin(Br) cos(Br) A2 r r
as r 0 c must be finite so A 2 0 c A1 sinh( R A 3
r ) LR
A4 r then interface B.C. [I] c (R)=R (R)
cosh( r
r ) LR
sin(Br) r sinh(
or using vacuum B.C. R (R b) 0 R A 3
d c d @ r R D R R @ r R then introduce these into the fluxes, dx dx b sinh( ) LR sin(BR) I A1 = A3 R R b b cosh( ) sinh( ) LR LR Bcos(BR) sin(BR) II Dc A1 (
) A 3D R (
) 2 2 R R LR R R
[II] -Dc
II 1 criticality condition gives:D c (Bcot(BR) ) D R ( I R
coth(
b ) LR
LR
1 ) (***) R
For the fluxes:
For infinite slab;c A1 cos(Bx) so,
a/2
P=E R f
A1 cos(Bx) dx A1
a / 2
For the sphere;c A1
R
P=E R f A1 0
1.57P aE R f
sin(Br) so, r
sin(Br) PB2 4r 2 dr A1 r 4E R f (sin(BR) BR cos(BR))
