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    Chapter 4

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    1) A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120°C. The nitrogen is expanded polytropically to 100 kPa and 100°C. The boundary work done is calculated to be 1.86 kJ. 2) A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100 kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is liquid. An electric resistor heated the tank. It is calculated that it will take 9186 seconds (153.1 minutes) to vaporize all the liquid. 3) A 3-m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550

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    Chapter 4

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    1) A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120°C. The nitrogen is expanded polytropically to 100 kPa and 100°C. The boundary work done is calculated to be 1.86 kJ. 2) A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100 kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is liquid. An electric resistor heated the tank. It is calculated that it will take 9186 seconds (153.1 minutes) to vaporize all the liquid. 3) A 3-m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550

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    1) A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120°C. The nitrogen is expanded polytropically to 100 kPa and 100°C. The boundary work done is calculated to be 1.86 kJ. 2) A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100 kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is liquid. An electric resistor heated the tank. It is calculated that it will take 9186 seconds (153.1 minutes) to vaporize all the liquid. 3) A 3-m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    584 views3 pages

    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    PowerofHaki
    1) A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120°C. The nitrogen is expanded polytropically to 100 kPa and 100°C. The boundary work done is calculated to be 1.86 kJ. 2) A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100 kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is liquid. An electric resistor heated the tank. It is calculated that it will take 9186 seconds (153.1 minutes) to vaporize all the liquid. 3) A 3-m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Chapter 4

    Worksheet: First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems


    45 A pistoncylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120C.
    The nitrogen is now expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100C. Determine the
    boundary work done during this process.
    Properties The gas constant for nitrogen is 0.2968 kJ/kg.K (Table A-2).
    Analysis The mass and volume of nitrogen at the initial state are
    PV
    (130 kPa)(0.07 m 3 )
    m= 1 1 =
    = 0.07802 kg
    RT1 (0.2968 kJ/kg.K)(120 + 273 K)

    V2 =

    N2
    130 kPa
    120C

    mRT2 (0.07802 kg)(0.2968 kPa.m 3 /kg.K)(100 + 273 K)


    =
    = 0.08637 m 3
    P2
    100 kPa

    The polytropic index is determined from


    P1V1n = P2V 2n
    (130 kPa)(0.07 m 3 ) n = (100 kPa)(0.08637 m 3 ) n
    n = 1.249

    The boundary work is determined from


    Wb =

    P2V 2 P1V 1 (100 kPa)(0.08637 m 3 ) (130 kPa)(0.07 m 3 )


    =
    = 1.86 kJ
    1 n
    1 1.249

    430 A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquidvapor mixture of water at l00
    kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed in the
    tank is connected to a 110-V source, and a current of 8 A flows through the resistor when the
    switch is turned on. Determine how long it will take to vaporize all the liquid in the tank. Also,
    show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
    H2O
    V = const.

    We

    Assumptions 1 The tank is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy changes are zero. 2
    The device is well-insulated and thus heat transfer is negligible. 3 The energy stored in the
    resistance wires, and the heat transferred to the tank itself is negligible.
    Analysis We take the contents of the tank as the system. This is a closed system since no mass
    enters or leaves. Noting that the volume of the system is constant and thus there is no boundary
    work, the energy balance for this stationary closed system can be expressed as
    E Eout
    1in424
    3

    Net energy transfer


    by heat, work, and mass

    Esystem
    1
    424
    3

    H2O

    Change in internal, kinetic,


    potential, etc. energies

    We,in = U = m(u2 u1 )

    (since Q = KE = PE = 0)

    VIt = m(u2 u1 )

    The properties of water are (Tables A-4 through A-6)


    P1 = 100kPa v f = 0.001043, v g = 1.6941 m3/kg

    x1 = 0.25 u f = 417.40, u fg = 2088.2 kJ/kg

    v1 = v f + x1v fg = 0.001043 + [0.25 (1.6941 0.001043)] = 0.42431 m3/kg

    u1 = u f + x1u fg = 417.40 + (0.25 2088.2 ) = 939.4 kJ/kg

    v 2 = v1 = 0.42431 m3/kg
    sat.vapor

    u2 = u g @ 0.42431m 3 /kg = 2556.2 kJ/kg

    Substituting,
    1000 VA

    (110 V)(8 A)t = (5 kg)(2556.2 939.4)kJ/kg


    1 kJ/s
    t = 9186 s 153.1 min

    456 A 3-m3 rigid tank contains hydrogen at 250 kPa and 550 K. The gas is now cooled until its
    temperature drops to 350 K. Determine (a) the final pressure in the tank and (b) the amount of
    heat transfer.
    H2
    250 kPa
    Q

    Assumptions 1 Hydrogen is an ideal gas since it is at a high temperature and low pressure relative to its
    critical point values of -240C and 1.30 MPa. 2 The tank is stationary, and thus the kinetic and potential
    energy changes are negligible, ke pe 0 .

    Properties The gas constant of hydrogen is R = 4.124 kPa.m3/kg.K (Table A-1). The constant volume specific
    heat of hydrogen at the average temperature of 450 K is , cv,avg = 10.377 kJ/kg.K (Table A-2).
    Analysis (a) The final pressure of hydrogen can be determined from the ideal gas relation,
    T
    P1V
    PV
    350 K
    = 2
    P2 = 2 P1 =
    (250 kPa) = 159.1 kPa
    T1
    550 K
    T1
    T2

    (b) We take the hydrogen in the tank as the system. This is a closed system since no mass enters or leaves. The
    energy balance for this stationary closed system can be expressed as
    E E
    1in424out
    3

    Net energy transfer


    by heat, work, and mass

    E system
    1
    424
    3

    Change in internal, kinetic,


    potential, etc. energies

    Qout = U
    Qout = U = m(u 2 u1 ) mC v (T1 T2 )

    where

    H2
    250 kPa
    Q

    m=

    P1V
    (250 kPa)(3.0 m )
    =
    = 0.3307 kg
    RT1 (4.124 kPa m 3 /kg K)(550 K)
    3

    Substituting into the energy balance,


    Qout = (0.33307 kg)(10.377 kJ/kgK)(550 - 350)K = 686.2 kJ

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