core

Web
programming

Handling Mouse and

Keyboard Events

2001-2003 Marty Hall, Larry Brown http://www.corewebprogramming.com

Agenda

General event-handling strategy

Handling events with separate listeners
Handling events by implementing interfaces
Handling events with named inner classes
Handling events with anonymous inner
classes
The standard AWT listener types
Subtleties with mouse events
Examples

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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General Strategy
Determine what type of listener is of interest
11 standard AWT listener types, described on later slide.
ActionListener, AdjustmentListener,
ComponentListener, ContainerListener,
FocusListener, ItemListener, KeyListener,
MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, TextListener,
WindowListener

Define a class of that type

Implement interface (KeyListener, MouseListener, etc.)
Extend class (KeyAdapter, MouseAdapter, etc.)

Register an object of your listener class

with the window
w.addXxxListener(new MyListenerClass());
3

E.g., addKeyListener, addMouseListener

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

Handling Events with a

Separate Listener: Simple Case
Listener does not need to call any methods
of the window to which it is attached
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
public class ClickReporter extends Applet {
public void init() {
setBackground(Color.yellow);
addMouseListener(new ClickListener());
}
}

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Separate Listener: Simple Case

(Continued)
import java.awt.event.*;
public class ClickListener extends MouseAdapter {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
System.out.println("Mouse pressed at (" +
event.getX() + "," +
event.getY() + ").");
}
}

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Generalizing Simple Case

What if ClickListener wants to draw a circle
wherever mouse is clicked?
Why cant it just call getGraphics to get a
Graphics object with which to draw?
General solution:
Call event.getSource to obtain a reference to window or
GUI component from which event originated
Cast result to type of interest
Call methods on that reference

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Handling Events with Separate

Listener: General Case
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
public class CircleDrawer1 extends Applet {
public void init() {
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener(new CircleListener());
}
}

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Separate Listener: General

Case (Continued)
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class CircleListener extends MouseAdapter {
private int radius = 25;
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
Applet app = (Applet)event.getSource();
Graphics g = app.getGraphics();
g.fillOval(event.getX()-radius,
event.getY()-radius,
2*radius,
2*radius);
}
}
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Separate Listener: General

Case (Results)

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Case 2: Implementing a
Listener Interface
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class CircleDrawer2 extends Applet
implements MouseListener {
private int radius = 25;
public void init() {
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener(this);
}

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Implementing a Listener
Interface (Continued)
public
public
public
public

void
void
void
void

mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseExited(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseReleased(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) {}

public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {

Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.fillOval(event.getX()-radius,
event.getY()-radius,
2*radius,
2*radius);
}
}

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Case 3: Named Inner Classes

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class CircleDrawer3 extends Applet {
public void init() {
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener(new CircleListener());
}

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Named Inner Classes

(Continued)
Note: still part of class from previous slide
private class CircleListener
extends MouseAdapter {
private int radius = 25;
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.fillOval(event.getX()-radius,
event.getY()-radius,
2*radius,
2*radius);
}
}
}
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Case 4: Anonymous Inner

Classes
public class CircleDrawer4 extends Applet {
public void init() {
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener
(new MouseAdapter() {
private int radius = 25;
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.fillOval(event.getX()-radius,
event.getY()-radius,
2*radius,
2*radius);
}
});
}
}
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Event Handling Strategies:

Pros and Cons
Separate Listener
Advantages
Can extend adapter and thus ignore unused methods
Separate class easier to manage

Disadvantage
Need extra step to call methods in main window

Main window that implements interface

Advantage
No extra steps needed to call methods in main
window

Disadvantage
Must implement methods you might not care about
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Event Handling Strategies:

Pros and Cons (Continued)
Named inner class
Advantages
Can extend adapter and thus ignore unused methods
No extra steps needed to call methods in main
window

Disadvantage
A bit harder to understand

Anonymous inner class

Advantages
Same as named inner classes
Even shorter

Disadvantage
Much harder to understand
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Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Summary)
Adapter Class
(If Any)

Listener
ActionListener
AdjustmentListener
ComponentListener
ContainerListener
FocusListener
ItemListener
KeyListener
MouseListener
MouseMotionListener
TextListener
WindowListener

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ComponentAdapter
ContainerAdapter
FocusAdapter
KeyAdapter
MouseAdapter
MouseMotionAdapter
WindowAdapter

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

Registration Method
addActionListener
addAdjustmentListener
addComponentListener
addContainerListener
addFocusListener
addItemListener
addKeyListener
addMouseListener
addMouseMotionListener
addTextListener
addWindowListener

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Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Details)
ActionListener
Handles buttons and a few other actions

actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)

AdjustmentListener
Applies to scrolling
adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent event)

ComponentListener
Handles moving/resizing/hiding GUI objects

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componentResized(ComponentEvent event)
componentMoved (ComponentEvent event)
componentShown(ComponentEvent event)
componentHidden(ComponentEvent event)

Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Details Continued)
ContainerListener
Triggered when window adds/removes GUI controls
componentAdded(ContainerEvent event)
componentRemoved(ContainerEvent event)

FocusListener
Detects when controls get/lose keyboard focus
focusGained(FocusEvent event)
focusLost(FocusEvent event)

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Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Details Continued)
ItemListener
Handles selections in lists, checkboxes, etc.
itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event)

KeyListener
Detects keyboard events
keyPressed(KeyEvent event) -- any key pressed
down
keyReleased(KeyEvent event) -- any key released
keyTyped(KeyEvent event) -- key for printable char
released

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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10

Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Details Continued)
MouseListener
Applies to basic mouse events

mouseEntered(MouseEvent event)
mouseExited(MouseEvent event)
mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
mouseReleased(MouseEvent event)
mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) -- Release without
drag
Applies on release if no movement since press

MouseMotionListener
Handles mouse movement
mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Standard AWT Event Listeners

(Details Continued)
TextListener
Applies to textfields and text areas
textValueChanged(TextEvent event)

WindowListener
Handles high-level window events
windowOpened, windowClosing, windowClosed,
windowIconified, windowDeiconified,
windowActivated, windowDeactivated
windowClosing particularly useful

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11

Mouse Events: Details

MouseListener and MouseMotionListener
share event types
Location of clicks
event.getX() and event.getY()

Double clicks
Determined by OS, not by programmer
Call event.getClickCount()

Distinguishing mouse buttons

Call event.getModifiers() and compare to
MouseEvent.Button2_MASK for a middle click and
MouseEvent.Button3_MASK for right click.
Can also trap Shift-click, Alt-click, etc.
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Simple Example: SpellingCorrecting Textfield

KeyListener corrects spelling during typing
ActionListener completes word on ENTER
FocusListener gives subliminal hints

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Example: Simple Whiteboard

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class SimpleWhiteboard extends Applet {
protected int lastX=0, lastY=0;
public void init() {
setBackground(Color.white);
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener(new PositionRecorder());
addMouseMotionListener(new LineDrawer());
}
protected void record(int x, int y) {
lastX = x; lastY = y;
}
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Simple Whiteboard (Continued)

private class PositionRecorder extends MouseAdapter {
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {
requestFocus(); // Plan ahead for typing
record(event.getX(), event.getY());
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
record(event.getX(), event.getY());
}
}
...

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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13

Simple Whiteboard (Continued)

...
private class LineDrawer extends MouseMotionAdapter {
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) {
int x = event.getX();
int y = event.getY();
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.drawLine(lastX, lastY, x, y);
record(x, y);
}
}
}

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Simple Whiteboard (Results)

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Whiteboard: Adding Keyboard

Events
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Whiteboard extends SimpleWhiteboard {
protected FontMetrics fm;
public void init() {
super.init();
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 20);
setFont(font);
fm = getFontMetrics(font);
addKeyListener(new CharDrawer());
}

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Whiteboard (Continued)
...
private class CharDrawer extends KeyAdapter {
// When user types a printable character,
// draw it and shift position rightwards.
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent event) {
String s = String.valueOf(event.getKeyChar());
getGraphics().drawString(s, lastX, lastY);
record(lastX + fm.stringWidth(s), lastY);
}
}
}

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Whiteboard (Results)

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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Summary
General strategy
Determine what type of listener is of interest
Check table of standard types

Define a class of that type

Extend adapter separately, implement interface,
extend adapter in named inner class, extend adapter
in anonymous inner class

Register an object of your listener class with the window

Call addXxxListener

Understanding listeners
Methods give specific behavior.
Arguments to methods are of type XxxEvent
Methods in MouseEvent of particular interest
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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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core

Web
programming

Questions?

33

2001-2003 Marty Hall, Larry Brown http://www.corewebprogramming.com

Preview
Whiteboard had freehand drawing only
Need GUI controls to allow selection of other drawing
methods

Whiteboard had only temporary drawing

Covering and reexposing window clears drawing
After cover multithreading, well see solutions to this
problem
Most general is double buffering

Whiteboard was unshared

Need network programming capabilities so that two
different whiteboards can communicate with each other

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Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events

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