Summary - Quiz 2 EI4204

Content:

Unit 2A, Pg: 20, 21.

Unit 2B, Pg: 24, 25

Unit 5A, Pg: 68-73.

It includes: Grammar Banks + Vocabulary Banks + List of Irregular Verbs.

Vocabulary
English

Spanish

Meaning

Unit

Absent

Ausente

5B

According to

5B

Afford

De acuerdo a
Permitirse / Darse el
lujo

Ages

Siglos

Aim

Objetivo

Also

Adems

A year off

Un ao sabtico

ATM

Cajeto automtico

2A
2A
Objective. The purpose of doing something, what
somebody is trying to achieve

5A
5B

A year in which you are away from work or duty.

2A
2A

Bill

Automated Teller Machine (a cash machine).

To say something is not allowed, often by law,
Prohibir
e.g., We want to ... smoking everywhere.
A piece of paper that shows how much you owe
somebody for goods or services. / A piece of
Cuenta/Factura/Billete paper money.

Be worth

Valer

2A

Ban

5A
2A

Borrow

Pedir prestado

Take and use (something that belongs to

someone else) with the intention of returning it.

Blow (informal)

Derrochar

To spend a lot of money in something.

2A

Broke (informal)

Quebrado

2A

Chain stores

Cadena de tiendas

having no money
A shop/store that is one of a series of similar
shops/stores owned by the same company.

Charge

Carga/cobro

A price asked for goods or services.

2A

Coin

Moneda

2A

Consolidate

Consolidar

Cost

Costo

A piece of money made of metal.

Make (something) physically stronger or more
solid.
An amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or
obtain something.

Counterrevolution

Contrarrevolucin

Crazyness

Locura

2A

5A

2A
2A
5A

Credit Card
Delighted

Tarjeta de Crdito

A samll plastic card that you use to buy things.

2A

Deleitado

Very pleased.

5A

Earn

Ganar (dinero)

2A

Encourage

Alentar/Fomentar
Frentico

To get money by working.

Influence somebody in a positive way, e.g., I
promote my children to play sports.
Done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a
way that is not very well organized. hurried,
desperate, precipitated.

Neciamente

In an unwise manner; stupidly.

2A

Frantic
Foolishly
Foreigner

Extranjero

5A
5A
2B

Nevera

A piece of electrical equipment in which food is

kept cold so that it stays fresh.

Frivolous

Frvolo

Not having any serious purpose or value.

Fuel

Combustible

5A

Gate

Puerta/Portal

5B

Greedy

Codicioso

Glad

Contento

5B

Gossip
However

chismear

5B

Fridge

Increase
Inherit
Injection
It is worth it
Junk food
Lend
Loan

wanting more money, etc. than you really need

5A

2A

Sin embargo
Aumentar
Heredar

To make something bigger, e.g., The boss is

going to increase my salary.
Receive (money, property, or a title) as an heir
at the death of the previous holder.

Inyeccin
Vale la pena

Prstamo

2A
5B

Important, good or enjoyable enough to make

somebody feel satisfied, especially when
difficulty or effort is involved.

Comida chatarra
Prestar

5A

5A
5B

Grant to (someone) the use of (something) on

the understanding that it shall be returned.

2A

Mass-produced

Producido en masa

Mayor
Mall

Alcalde

Money that a person or a bank lends you.

A printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages
that are given free to advertise or give
information about something.
The production of goods in large quantities,
using machinery.
The head of the government of a town or city,
etc. elected by the public.

Centro comercial

A shopping center.

2A

Mess

Lo

A dirty or untidy state of things or of a place.

2A

Mortgage

Hipoteca

The money a bank lends you to buy a house.

2A

Nowadays

Hoy en da

At the present time, in contrast with the past.

On the contrary. Used to introduce a statement
that is opposite of the last one.
Time that you spend working at your job after
you have worked the normal hours.
Have an obligation to pay or repay (something,
especially money) in return for something

5A

Leaflet
Folleto

On the other hand

Overtime
Owe

Por otra parte

Horas extra
Deber (dinero)

2A
5A
5A
5A

5A
5A
2A

received.
Plenty

Muchos

Used to emphasize the degree of something.

5A

Possess

Poseer

Have as belonging to one; own.

A person walking in the street and not travelling
in a vehicle.

2A

To help something to happen or develop

Right, appropriate or correct; according to the
rules.

5A

Pedestrian
Promote
Proper

Peatn
Promover
Apropiado

Proposal

Propuesta

Proposition

Proposicin

Protect
Put something aside

Proteger

5A

5A
5A
5A

To defend somebody or something, or keep

them safe.

Poner algo de lado

5A
2A

Recipe
Reduce

Receta

A set of instructions that tells you how to cook

something and the ingredients (items of food)
you need for it.

Reducir

To make something smaller.

5A

Salary

Salario

Money a person gets for the work he/she does.

2A

Shares

Acciones

2A

Sheets

Cortinas

5B

Shut

Cerrar

5A

Slow down

Desacelerar

Speed Bump
Spread

Banda de frenado

5A

5A
A raised area across a road that is put there to
make traffic go slower.

Propagacin

5A
5A

Person who helps or encourages

somebody/something by saying or showing that
you agree with them/it.

Supporter

Partidario

Steak

Filete

5A
5A

Suggest

Indicar

5B

Survival

Supervivencia

5A

Take out

Sacar

2A

Tax
To bark

Impuesto

Money that you pay to the government.

2A

Ladrar

2A

To Found

Fundar

To keep in shape

Mantenerse en forma

To Rule

Governar/Regir

To save

Ahorrar

The short loud sound a dog makes.

To start something, such as an organization or
an institution, especially by providing money.
To take exercise; eat healthy food, etc. in order
to become physically fit.
To control and have authority over a country, a
group of people, etc.
To keep money instead of spending it, especially
in order to buy a particular thing.

To spend

Gastar

2A

To Spread

Difundir

To Succeed

Tener xito

To give or pay money for something

To affect or make something affect, be known by,
or used by more and more people.
To achieve something that you have been trying
to do or get; to have the result or effect that was
intended.

5A
5A
5A
2A

5A
5A

To take back
To waste

Devolver (algo
comprado)
Perder/Malgastar

Tough

Duro/difcil

Though

Aunque

Trough

Mediante

While

Mientras

Worldwide

Mundial

To return something that you have bought.

To use more of something than is necessary or
useful.

5A
Moving in one side and out of the other side of
(an opening, channel, or location).

5A
5B

Affecting all parts of the world.

Im for/against
The problem with [] is that
I (dont) think it would be a good idea
I dont think that would work

P: 73

2A
5A

Useful Language
P: 71

2A

While to compare two facts

On the other hand to introduce the other point of view
According to to explain who says or believe something
Also to introduce some extra information

5A

2A

present perfect and simple past

present perfect simple: have I has + past participle (worked, seen, etc.)
past actions at an indefinite
time in the past

unfinished states or actions that

started in the past and are true now

with already and yet

I've been to Miami, but I haven't been to Tampa.

She's never used an ATM.
Have you ever lost your credit card?

I've known her for ten years.

How long have they worked here?
They've worked here since 2004.

I've already seen the movIe.

He hasn't found a jo b yet?
Have they left yet?

We often use ever and never with the present perfect.

They go before the main verb.
Use for + a period of time. e.g., for two weeks;
use since with a point of time, e.g., since Wednesday.
Use How long ... ? + present perfect to ask about a
period of time from the past until now.
For irregular past participles see page '56.

already goes before the main verb in lE senten ccs;

yet goes at the end in B and ill sentences.
The words already and yet are also used with th esimple
past with the same meaning.
We've already eaten. = We already ate.
He hasn't done it yet. = He didn't do it yet.

present perfect or simple past?

28

I've been to Miami twice. (= in my life up to now)

How long have you been married?
(;:: you are married now)
I've bought a new computer. (= I don't say exactly when)

I went there in 1998 and 2002. (= on two specific occasions}

How long were you married?
(= you are not married now)
I bought it on Saturday.(= , say when)

Use the present perfect when there is a connection

between the past and the present.

Use the simple past to ask or talk about fmishe d actions

in the past, when the time is mentioned or understood. We
often use a past time expression, e.g., January, las t week, etc.

present perfect continuous

present perfect contiinuous

for unfinished actions
How long have you been studying English?
He's been working here since April.
They've been goingout together for three years

have I has been + verb + -ing

Use the present perfect continuous with for
or since with action verbs (e.g., lRarn,ga, etc.).

2e

With non-action verbs (e.g., know, be,

etc.) use the present perfect simple
NOT the present perfect continuous
with for or since.
I've known her for ages. NOT l-'ve-heen

ktiBWing her for ages;

With live and work you can use the
present perfect simple or continuous
with for or since.
I've been living here for six months.
I've lived here for six months.

present perfect continuous

for recent continuous actions
A Your eyes are red. Have you
been crying?
B No, I've been cuttingOIDons.
Use the present perf<ect
continuous for actions that have
been going on very recently. They
have usually just stopped.

comparatives and superlatives

superlatives

comparing two things (or actions)

He's the tallest player on the team.

What is the most expensive capital city in Asia?
This book is the least difficult to understa'>d.
She's the best student in the class.

My sister is a little taller than my brother.

San Fransisco is more expensive than Chicago.
This test is less difficult than the last one.
Olive oil is better for you than butter.
You drive more slowly than I do.
Atlanta played worse today than last week.
Flying isn't as comfortable as going by train.
He doesn't smoke as much as she does.
Her new car looks the same as the old one.

Who drives the most carefully in your fam ily?

That's the worst they've ever played.
Form superlatives like comparatives but use -est
instead or -er and most I least instead of mo re I less.
You normally use the before superlatives, b ut you
can also use possessive adjectives, e.g., my best friend,
their most famous song.

Regular comparative adjectives I adverbs:

hard>harder, big>bigger, easy>easier, madern>mare modern, difficult> more difficult, carefully>mare carefully
Irregular comparative adjectives I adverbs: good I welbbetler, bad I badly> worse, far>farther / further
After than or as we can use an object pronoun me, him, her, etc., or a subject pronoun (I, he, she) + auxiliary verb,
e.g., She's taller than me OR She s taller thattLam b.utblOI She:' m.ller !hand.

SA

quantifiers

58

large quantities

small quantities

zero quantity

They have a lot of money.

She has lots of friends.
He eats a lot.
There aren't many cafes near here.
Do you watch much TV?
Don't run. We have plenty of time.

A Do you want some ice crean,? B Just a little.

The town only has a few banks.
Hurry up. We have very little time.
I have very few close friends.

There isn't any room in the car.

There's no room in the car.
A How much money do you have?
B None.

Use a lot ofI lots of in IJ sentences.

Use a lot when there is no noUll,
e.g., He talks a lot.
Much I many are normally used
in El sentences and
but a lot of
can also be used.
Use plenty of in IJ sentences to
mean as much as we need or more.

. Use any for zero quantity with

Use little + uncountable nouns, few + plural
countable
nouns.
a El verb. Use no with a IJ verb.
.
a little and a few; some, but not a lot,
Use none (without a noun) in
very little and very few; not much I many. short
answers.

rn,

more than you need or want

less than you need

I don't like this city. It's too big.

There's too much traffic.
There are too many tourists.

There aren't enough parks.

The buses aren't frequent enough.

Use too + adjective, too much + uncountable noun, too many + plural countable nouns.
Use
enough before a noun but after an adjective.

articles: a / an, the, no article

Use a I an with singular countable notlns
- the first time you mention a thing I person.
- when you say what something is.
- when you say what somebody does.
- in exclamations with \t\fhat ... f
- in expressions like ...
Use the
- when we talk about something
we've already mentioned.
- when there's only one of something.
- when it's clear what you're referring to.
- with places in a town, e.g., bank and tlleater.
- with superlatives.

se

Don't use the

I saw an old man with a dog.
It's a nice house.
She's a lawyer.
What an awful day!
three times a week

- when you are speaking in general

(with plural and uncountable nouns).
Women often talk more about money.

- with some nouns (e.g., home, work,

school) after at I to I from,
She's not at home today.

I saw an old man with a dog,

and the dog was barking.
The moon goes around the sun.
He opened the door.
I'm going to the bank.
It's the best restaurant in town.

- with downtown (no preposition).

They went downtown today.
- before meals, days, and months.
I never have breakfast on Sunday.
- before next I last + days, week, etc.
See you next Friday.

gerunds and infinitives

Use the gerund (verb + -ing)
I after prepositions and phrasal verbs.

2 as the subject of a sentence.

3 after some verbs, e.g., dislike, enjoy.

Gerunds and infinitives form the

negative with not, e.g., not to be,

I'm very good at remembering names.

She kept on talking.
Eating out is cheap here.
I don't mind getting up early.

not being.
These common verbs can take
either the gerund or infinitive
with no difference in meaning:
begin, continue, hate, like, love,
prefer, start.

Common verbs that take the gerund include: Finish, mind, practice, quit,
recommend, stop, suggest and phrasal verbs, e.g.) give up, keep on, ete.

Use the infinitive

I after adjectives.
2 to express a reason or purpose.
3 after some verbs. e.g., want, need, learn.

A
My house is easy to find.
He's saving money to buy a new car.
She's never learned to drive.
Try not to make noise.

Common verbs that take the infinitive include: (can't) afford, agree, decide,
expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse,
remember, seem, try, want, would like

Use the base form

I after most modal and auxiliary verbs
2 after make and let.

Some verbs can take a gerund or

an infinitive but the meaning is
different, e.g.,

Try to be on time.
; make an effort to be on time.

Try doing yoga.

; do it to see if you like it.

Remember to call him.

; Don't forget to do it.

I can't drive. We must hurry.

My parents don't let me go out much.
She always makes me laugh.

1 remember meeting him years ago.

; I have a memory of it.

Irregular verbs

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