The Ultraviolet Detection of Corona Discharge in Power Transmission Lines

Energy and Power Engineering, 2013, 5, 1298-1302
doi:10.4236/epe.2013.54B246 Published Online July 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/epe)
The Ultraviolet Detection of Corona Discharge in Power

Transmission Lines
Lan Chen1, Lin Lin2, Mimi Tian2, Xingming Bian1, Liming Wang1, Zhicheng Guan1
1
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
Jibei Electric Power Maintence Company, Jibei Electric Power Company, Limited, Beijing, China
Email: [email protected]
Received April, 2013
ABSTRACT
Corona discharge is a common phenomenon in power transmission lines external insulation, and it may cause serious
defect if without effective detection. The ultraviolet (UV) imagery technology has been widely used to detect the corona
discharge in industry in recent years, but some influence factors functions are not definite. In this paper, the fracture
aluminum strands which is common in power transmission lines were used as the electrode model while a SuperB ultraviolet imager were utilized to detect, the photon count rate was detected with different detect distance, electric field,
aluminum strands length and UV gain were applied. Then the multivariate regression analysis (MRA) was taken to calculate the function between the photon count and the factors.
Keywords: Corona Discharge; Transmission Lines; Defect Detection; UV Imager; Multivariate Regression Analysis
1. Introduction
With the development of Extra High Voltage (EHV) and
Ultra High Voltage (UHV), the electromagnetic environment problem caused by corona discharge of conductor was paid attention increased [1-3]. The corona discharge could generate the negative phenomenon such as
radio interference, audible noise, ozone-forming, electrochemical reaction [4-6]. The detection of the defect of
the corona discharge has been added to the daily inspect
in transmission lines in recently years [7].
The corona discharge in the transmission lines often
occurred at the high voltage terminal of amour clamp,
split clamp, conductor surface and the end of fractured
aluminum strands caused by lightning stroke or conductor galloping. And the influence of fractured aluminum
strands is extra clear, it not only generate corona discharge by distort the electric field at the end of the
strands, but also make a bad influence on the mechanical
behavior of the conductor, the defect would make serious
harm to transmission security if without fix timely [8].
So it is important to find and fix fractured aluminum
strands at the early stage in transmission lines patrol.
The traditional ovular estimate and infrared thermography technology dont have well effect on the fractured
aluminum strands detection. For the ovular estimate,
people may have different vision disparity and the corona
discharge could be find nearly only in intensity at night
[9]. While the infrared thermograph technology is able to
detect the defect with consecutive electrothermal effect,
Copyright 2013 SciRes.
but the corona discharge must be serious, so it is not

promptly for detection of little heat at the early corona
stage [10, 11]. So the infrared thermograph technology is
not widely used in the outdoor corona detection in transmission lines.
The ultraviolent imaging technology is able to catch
the specific wavelengths photon of UV signal, and then
combine with the visible light to decide the corona discharge point. And the strength of discharge is judge by
the photon counting rate.
The UV imager was researched and developed to detect the discharge phenomenon by occident at the earliest.
It can find the discharge point with small temperature
rise at the early discharge stage, is currently one of main
methods of discharge detection in the world [12]. From
1980s, the EPRI attempted to utilize the UV imager to
test the discharge in the transmission lines [13-15], and
have got good achievements. In china it is also have convinced performance in actual use.
The ref [16, 17] take the research of corona discharge
performance of insulator at different applied voltage, the
UV imager was used to measure the discharge. In ref
[18], several influence factor of UV imager was studied,
such as photon counting rate, detect distance, discharge
capacity. Refs [19, 20] have discussed the principle of
UV imager, and then the UV imager of SuperB was used
to detect the corona of electrical equipment in the transmission lines. In ref [21], the UV imager was used to
decide the corona inception voltage of the conductor unEPE
L. CHEN ET AL.
der dry or rainy conditions.

In this paper, the UV imager type of SuperB, which
designed by Ofil company, was used to detect the corona
discharge at the top of fractured aluminum strands. And
the electric field, length of the strand, detection distance
and gain level were researched. Then the MRA was taken to calculate the function between the photon count and
the factors.
1299
And the different strand length, detection distance, applied voltage, UV gain level were show in Table 1. The
electric field of the conductor surface (not the top of
strand) was calculated by ANSOFT for applied voltage
as 10.7 kV/cm, 13.6 kV/cm, 16.4 kV/cm, 19.3 kV/cm,
and respectively.
2. Introduce of Experiment
2.1. Test System
The experiment was carried out in a shielding hall with a
size of 66 m 30 m 18 m, and the test model was
4LGJ300/40, bundle space was 45 cm, height was 6.8
m, the model picture was showed in Figure 1. And the
temperature was 8.4~10.8relative humidity was
35%~43%.
The UV imager with type of DayCor SuperB was
showed in Figure 2. And the 50 Hz source with maximum of 1000 kV and 1000 kVA was showed in Figure
3.
And the measurement system schematic diagram was
showed in Figure 4.
Figure 3. 1000kV transformer.
2.2. Fractured Aluminum Strands Information

The fractured aluminum strands (see Figure 5), was set
at one of the LGJ300/40 conductor, with different length
(see Figure 6).
Figure 4. Measurement system schematic diagram.
Figure 5. The top of the fractured aluminum strands.
Figure 1. Picture of test model.

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of fractured aluminum
strands.
Table 1. Information of the factor.
Influence factor
Length of strand (cm)
Applied voltage (kV)
Detection distance (m)
UV gain
content
2
150
7
60
4
190
9
80
6
230
11
100
8
270
13
120
10
Figure 2. UV imager of SuperB.

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L. CHEN ET AL.
1300
3. Results and Analysis
3.2. Influence of Detection Distance
With the different influence factor applied on the strands,

the corona phenomenon was detected by the UV imager.
Limited by the paper length, one of them was showed in
Figure 7.
We noticed in Figure 7 that the photon counting rate
would increase with the rise of the applied voltage, such
as applied voltage was 150 kV ( with conductor surface
electric field is 10.7 kV/cm) while the photon counting
was 7620, with the voltage increased to 270 kV ( with
field 19.3 kV/cm) the photon counting rise at 22660.
With the different detection distance of 7 m, 9 m, 11 m,

13 m, the results were partly showed in Figure 9.
3.1. Influence of Voltage (Electric Field)

With the applied voltage of 150kV, 190kV, 230kV,
270kV, the electric field was 10.7kV/cm, 13.6kV/cm,
16.4kV/cm, 19.3kV/cm, respectively, one part of result
of experiment was show in Figure 8.
3.3. Influence of UV Gain

With the different UV gain was set in the experiment, the
results were partly showed in Figure 10. However, the
UV gain character is most related to the signal processing
module of the UV imager designer, so it may different
from other UV imager.
3.4. Influence of Length of the Strand

With the different length of strand applied on the conductor, the results were partly showed in Figure 11.
4. Multivariate Regression Analysis

MRA was developed from one dimension regression
analysis and used to investigate the connection between
dependent variable and several independent variables.
MRA is considered as an effective mathematical method
to solve practical engineering problem.
(a)10.7 kV/cm
(b)13.6 kV/cm
Photon counting rate
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
(c)16.4 kV/cm
(d) 19.3 kV/cm
35000
25000
30000
25000
20000
UV gain 120
Distance 9m
15000
10000
40000
9
10
11
Detection distancem
12
13
Figure 9. Influence of detection distance.
30000
2cm
4cm
6cm
8cm
10cm
UV gain 100
Electric field 19.3kV/cm
7
Figure 7. Corona discharge at the top of fractured strand

with different voltage applied (length of strand is 10cm,
detection distance is 9 m, UV gain is 100).
45000
2cm
4cm
6cm
8cm
10cm
2cm
4cm
6cm
8cm
10cm
Distance 9m
Electric field 16.4kV/cm
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Electric field of conductor surfacekV/cm
Figure 8. Influence of electric field.

60
70
80
90
UV gain
100
110
120
Figure 10. Influence of UV gain.

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L. CHEN ET AL.
The multiple regression prediction equation about the

photon counting rate was:
P 0 1 E 2 2 / L 3 K 4 s
(1)
In the equation, electric field was set as E, kV/cm; detection distance was set as L, m; UV gain was set as K;
length of strand was set as s, cm.
And the significance test was taken, including R, F and
T test , showed in Equation (2) ,(3) and (4).
R
i 1
i 1
( yi y )2 ( yi y )2
( yi yi )2 (n m 1)
In this work, the fractured aluminum strands was taken

for the test model to research the corona discharge detection of UV imager. The influence detect distance, electric
field, strands length and UV gain were investigated while
the MRA was utilized to summarize the regression equation about the photon counting rate. These conclusions
have good contribute to expand UV imaging technology
in practical transmission lines patrol of corona discharge.
REFERENCES
i 1
5. Conclusions
(2)
( yi y )2
~ F (m, n m 1)
(3)
~ t (n m 1)
(4)
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P 57980 49.29 E 2 101230 / L
(5)
347.7 K 754.4 s
10.7kV/cm
13.6kV/cm
16.4kV/cm
19.3kV/cm
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4000
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8
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10
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2004.06.014
Figure 11. Influence of strand length.

Table 2. Mra about photon counting rate and significance test.
Value
0.934 1080 -57980

---
49.29
101230
347.7
754.4
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
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Energy and Power Engineering, 2013, 5, 1298-1302

doi:10.4236/epe.2013.54B246 Published Online July 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/epe)

The Ultraviolet Detection of Corona Discharge in Power

Received April, 2013

but the corona discharge must be serious, so it is not

der dry or rainy conditions.

Figure 3. 1000kV transformer.

2.2. Fractured Aluminum Strands Information

Figure 4. Measurement system schematic diagram.

Figure 5. The top of the fractured aluminum strands.

Figure 1. Picture of test model.

Figure 2. UV imager of SuperB.

3. Results and Analysis

3.2. Influence of Detection Distance

With the different influence factor applied on the strands,

With the different detection distance of 7 m, 9 m, 11 m,

3.1. Influence of Voltage (Electric Field)

3.3. Influence of UV Gain

3.4. Influence of Length of the Strand

4. Multivariate Regression Analysis

Photon counting rate

(d) 19.3 kV/cm

Photon counting rate

Photon counting rate

Figure 9. Influence of detection distance.

Figure 7. Corona discharge at the top of fractured strand

Figure 8. Influence of electric field.

Figure 10. Influence of UV gain.

The multiple regression prediction equation about the

In this work, the fractured aluminum strands was taken

Z. Y. Liu, Ultra High Voltage Power Grid, Beijing:

P. S. Maruvada, Corona Performance of High-voltage

L. Xing, Y. P. Liu, Q. Sun, S. H. You and R. Q. Li,

P. A. Calva and F. C. Espino, Effect of the Humidity in

N. Taku, O. Takao, M. Hiroji, M. Hideki, S. Shozo and A.

Z. C. Guan and G. L. Wang, The Projects and Related

H. Z. Zhang, Typical Defects Analysis and Illustrated

Y. C. Cheng, C. R. Li, X. J. Shen, M. Chen and R. H.

The results of MRA and significance test were display

Photon counting rate

Figure 11. Influence of strand length.

0.934 1080 -57980

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Copyright 2013 SciRes.

Copyright 2013 SciRes.

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