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HTML

About HTML

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175 views

HTML

About HTML

Uploaded by

Gear Arellano II
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.


HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
The tags describes document content
HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
<tagname>content</tagname>
HTML Elements
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.
But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags:
HTML Element:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and
display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the
page:
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:
<html>
<body>
<h1>This a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Versions
Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML:
Version
HTML
HTML+
HTML 2.0
HTML 3.2
HTML 4.01
XHTML 1.0
HTML5
XHTML5

Year
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2000
2012
2013

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly.
There are many different documents on the web, and a browser can only display an HTML page 100% correctly if it knows
the HTML type and version used.
Common Declarations
HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
XHTML 1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

HTML Editors
Writing HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit
HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like:
Adobe Dreamweaver
Microsoft Expression Web
CoffeeCup HTML Editor
However, for learning HTML we recommend a text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac). We believe using a simple
text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
Follow the 4 steps below to create your first web page with Notepad.
Step 1: Start Notepad
To start Notepad go to:
Start
All Programs
Accessories
Notepad
Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad
Type your HTML code into your Notepad:

Step 3: Save Your HTML


Select Save as.. in Notepad's file menu.
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up
to you.
Save the file in a folder that is easy to remember, like w3schools.
Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser
Start your web browser and open your html file from the File, Open menu, or just browse the folder and double-click your
HTML file.
The result should look much like this:
HTML Basic - 4 Examples
Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">
Note: The filename and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
HTML Elements
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag *
Element content
End tag *
<p>
This is a paragraph
</p>
<a href="default.htm">
This is a link
</a>
<br>

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained
The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag
Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing
empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and
demands lowercase tags in XHTML.
HTML Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Always Quote Attribute Values
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:
name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in
their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference
A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our: HTML Tag Reference.
Below is a list of some attributes that can be used on any HTML element:
Attribute
Description
class
Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet)
id
Specifies a unique id for an element
style
Specifies an inline CSS style for an element
title
Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)
For more information about global attributes: HTML Global Attributes Reference.
HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.
Headings Are Important
Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr>tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.
The hr element can be used to separate content:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr><p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr><p>This is a paragraph</p>
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the
browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example
<!-- This is a comment -->

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other
browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.
HTML Tag Reference
W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.
Tag
Description

<html>
<body>
<h1> to <h6>
<hr>
<!-->

Defines an HTML document


Defines the document's body
Defines HTML headings
Defines a horizontal line
Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results
or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks
Use the <br> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br>a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>
The <br> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
HTML Output - Useful Tips
You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line,
and any number of spaces count as one space.
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)
HTML Tag Reference
W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes.
Tag Description

<p> Defines a paragraph


<br> Inserts a single line break
HTML Text Formatting
HTML Text Formatting
This text is bold
This text is italic
This is computer output
This is subscript and superscript

Try it yourself
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).
Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.
However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:
<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.
<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important".
Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a
text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
HTML Text Formatting Tags
Tag
Description

<b>
<em>
<i>
<small>
<strong>
<sub>
<sup>
<ins>
<del>

Defines bold text

<code>
<kbd>
<samp>
<var>
<pre>

Defines computer code text

Defines emphasized text


Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
Defines smaller text
Defines important text
Defines subscripted text
Defines superscripted text
Defines inserted text

Defines deleted text


HTML "Computer Output" Tags
Tag
Description
Defines keyboard text
Defines sample computer code
Defines a variable
Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags


Tag
Description

<abbr>
<address>
<bdo>
<blockquote>
<q>
<cite>
<dfn>

Defines an abbreviation or acronym


Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
Defines the text direction
Defines a section that is quoted from another source
Defines an inline (short) quotation
Defines the title of a work
Defines a definition term

HTML Links
HTML Hyperlinks (Links)
The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink.
A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the links destination.
By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:
An unvisited link is underlined and blue
A visited link is underlined and purple
An active link is underlined and red
HTML Link Syntax
The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:
<a href="url">Link text</a>
The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>
which will display like this: Visit W3Schools
Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage.
Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element.
HTML Links - The target Attribute
The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
HTML Links - The id Attribute
The id attribute can be used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.
Tip: Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.
Example
An anchor with an id inside an HTML document:
<a id="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:
<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
HTML Link Tags
Tag
Description
Defines a hyperlink
<a>
HTML <head>
The HTML <head> Element
The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the
browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
The following tags can be added to the head section: <title>, <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript>, and <base>.
The HTML <title> Element
The <title> tag defines the title of the document.
The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents.
The <title> element:
defines a title in the browser toolbar
provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
displays a title for the page in search-engine results
A simplified HTML document:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>
The HTML <base> Element
The <base> tag specifies a default address or a default target for all links on a page:
<head>
<base href="http://www.w3schools.com/images/"><base target="_blank">
</head>
The HTML <link> Element
The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.
The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
The HTML <style> Element
The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.
Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow}
p {color:blue}
</style>
</head>
The HTML <meta> Element
Metadata is data (information) about data.
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be
machine parsable.
Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other
metadata.
The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web
services.
<meta> tags always goes inside the <head> element.
<meta> Tags - Examples of Use
Define keywords for search engines:
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript">
Define a description of your web page:
<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML and CSS">
Define the author of a page:
<meta name="author" content="Hege Refsnes">
Refresh document every 30 seconds:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">
The HTML <script> Element
The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.
The <script> element will be explained in a later chapter.
HTML head Elements
Tag
Description

<head>
<title>
<base>
<link>
<meta>
<script>
<style>

Defines information about the document


Defines the title of a document
Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page
Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource
Defines metadata about an HTML document
Defines a client-side script
Defines style information for a document

HTML Images
Example
Norwegian Mountain Trip
HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the
URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text">
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on
"www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two
paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.
HTML Images - The Alt Attribute
The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow
connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the
URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text">
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on

"www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.


The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two
paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.
HTML Images - The Alt Attribute
The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow
connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
HTML Image Tags
Tag
Description

<img> Defines an image


<map> Defines an image-map
<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image-map
HTML Tables
HTML Tables
Apples
44%
Bananas 23%
Oranges 13%
Other
10%
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for
"table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
Table Example
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1
row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
row 2, cell 2
HTML Tables and the Border Attribute
If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most
of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
HTML Table Headers
Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<td>row 2, cell 1</td>


<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How the HTML code above looks in your browser:
Header 1
Header 2
row 1, cell 1
row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
row 2, cell 2
HTML Table Tags
Tag
Description

<table>
<th>
<tr>
<td>
<caption>
<colgroup>
<col>
<thead>
<tbody>
<tfoot>

Defines a table
Defines a header cell in a table
Defines a row in a table
Defines a cell in a table
Defines a table caption
Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
Groups the header content in a table
Groups the body content in a table
Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
HTML Lists
An unordered list:
An ordered list:
List item
1. The first list item
2. The second list item
List item
3. The third list item
List item
HTML Unordered Lists
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Coffee
Milk
HTML Ordered Lists
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
1. Coffee
2. Milk
HTML Definition Lists
A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list):
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Coffee

- black hot drink


Milk
- white cold drink
HTML List Tags
Tag
Description

<ol>
<ul>
<li>
<dl>
<dt>
<dd>

Defines an ordered list


Defines an unordered list
Defines a list item
Defines a definition list
Defines an item in a definition list

Defines a description of an item in a definition list


HTML <div> and <span>
HTML elements can be grouped together with <div> and <span>.
HTML Block Elements
Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements.
Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>
HTML Inline Elements
Inline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line.
Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>
The HTML <div> Element
The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.
The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that, because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line
break before and after it.
When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to set style attributes to large blocks of content.
Another common use of the <div> element, is for document layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables.
Using tables is not the correct use of the <table> element. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data.
The HTML <span> Element
The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.
The <span> element has no special meaning.
When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used to set style attributes to parts of the text.
HTML Grouping Tags
Tag
Description

<div> Defines a section in a document (block-level)


<span> Defines a section in a document (inline)
HTML Layouts
Web page layout is very important to make your website look good.
Design your webpage layout very carefully.
HTML Layouts - Using <div> Elements
The div element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements.
The following example uses five div elements to create a multiple column layout, creating the same result as in the previous
example:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div id="container" style="width:500px">
<div id="header" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1></div>
<div id="menu" style="background-color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript</div>
<div id="content" style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;">
Content goes here</div>
<div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;">

Copyright W3Schools.com</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The HTML code above will produce the following result:
Main Title of Web Page

Menu
HTML
CSS
JavaScript

Content goes here

HTML Layouts - Using


Tables
A simple way of creating layouts is by using the HTML <table> tag.
Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create
backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.
The following example uses a table with 3 rows and 2 columns - the first and last row spans both columns using the colspan
attribute:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<table width="500" border="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1>Main Title of Web Page</h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:100px;text-align:top;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript
</td>
<td style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;text-align:top;">
Content goes here</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;text-align:center;">
Copyright W3Schools.com</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
The HTML code above will produce the following result:
Main Title of Web Page
Menu
HTML
Content goes here
CSS
JavaScript
Copyright W3Schools.com

HTML Layout - Useful Tips


Tip: The biggest advantage of using CSS is that, if you place the CSS code in an external style sheet, your site becomes
MUCH EASIER to maintain. You can change the layout of all your pages by editing one file. To learn more about CSS,
study our CSS tutorial.
Tip: Because advanced layouts take time to create, a quicker option is to use a template. Search Google for free website
templates (these are pre-built website layouts you can use and customize).
HTML Layout Tags
Tag
Description

<div>
<span>

Defines a section in a document (block-level)


Defines a section in a document (inline)

HTML Forms and Input


HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.
HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can
also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:
<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>
HTML Forms - The Input Element
The most important form element is the <input> element.
The <input> element is used to select user information.
An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field,
checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most common input types are described below.
Text Fields
<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:
<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
First name:
Last name:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.
Password Field
<input type="password"> defines a password field:
<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Password:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).
Radio Buttons
<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:
<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Male
Female
Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of

choices.
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">I have a bike<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">I have a car
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
I have a bike
I have a car
Submit Button
<input type="submit"> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute.
The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Username:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page
called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.
HTML Form Tags
New : New tags in HTML5.
Tag
Description

<form>
<input>
<textarea>
<label>
<fieldset>
<legend>
<select>
<optgroup>
<option>
<button>
<datalist>New
<keygen>New
<output>New

Defines an HTML form for user input


Defines an input control
Defines a multiline input control (text area)
Defines a label for an <input> element
Groups related elements in a form
Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
Defines a drop-down list
Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
Defines an option in a drop-down list
Defines a clickable button
Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
Defines the result of a calculation

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