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2x2 Patch Array Antenna

This document describes the design of a 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna array for GSM applications. A single inset-fed rectangular patch antenna was first designed with a resonant frequency of 900MHz using transmission line modeling techniques. This single patch was then used to create a 2x2 array with quarter wavelength transformers to connect the patches. The array was simulated in HFSS and showed a return loss of -11.2dB at 900MHz with a bandwidth of 20MHz. Radiation patterns and gains of around 13.8-14.4dBi were achieved, demonstrating the array is suitable for GSM applications. The antenna was fabricated on an RT Duroid substrate with a thickness of 1.5cm and permitt

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567 views4 pages

2x2 Patch Array Antenna

This document describes the design of a 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna array for GSM applications. A single inset-fed rectangular patch antenna was first designed with a resonant frequency of 900MHz using transmission line modeling techniques. This single patch was then used to create a 2x2 array with quarter wavelength transformers to connect the patches. The array was simulated in HFSS and showed a return loss of -11.2dB at 900MHz with a bandwidth of 20MHz. Radiation patterns and gains of around 13.8-14.4dBi were achieved, demonstrating the array is suitable for GSM applications. The antenna was fabricated on an RT Duroid substrate with a thickness of 1.5cm and permitt

Uploaded by

DeshdeepGupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design Of 2x2 Shaped Rectangular Micro strip Array

Antenna For GSM Application


Satya Prakash Sinha[1], Mukesh Kumar[2], Jolis Gupta[3]
M. Tech. ECE deptt. (Microwave Engg.)
SRMSCET, Bareilly India
[1]
[email protected], [2][email protected], [3][email protected]
Abstract: -- In this paper, 2X2 shaped rectangular micro strip
patch antenna for GSM application is presented. Design
simulation and optimization processes are carried out with the
aid of the HFSS simulator. The proposed antenna is fabricated
on a 1.5 cm thick RT Duroid substrate with a relative
permittivity of 2.33. The antenna offers excellent performance
for GSM systems at center frequency 900MHz. The gain of
these antennas are simulated and found adequate which is
about 13.8 and 14.4dBi. Measured and simulated results of the
resonant frequency, return loss, radiation patterns are
presented.
Keywords: Micro strip Antenna, HFSS, Return Loss, Radiation
Pattern

I.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication has become an integral part


for modern world .the most popular standard for mobile
phones in todays world is GSM. The wireless providers use
individual radio frequencies multiple times by dividing a
service area into separate geographical zones, or cells, each
cell requires its own radio transmitter/receiver antenna. GSM
networks operate in different frequency ranges in different
countries around the world. Most GSM networks operate in
the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands in Asia and Europe.
Micro strip antennas are perfect choice for GSM
application due to following features, low profile, small size
and conformability. But micro strip antennas suffer from
bandwidth limitations. The bandwidth can be increased by
adding lossy elements but it affects efficiency of the antenna.
So the better method is to use array antenna.
In this design of rectangular micro strip array antenna
for GSM applications, the antenna array is expected to operate
within 890MHZ-960MHz with center frequency 900 MHz,
bandwidth 20MHz. This antenna array is fabricated in RT
Duroid 5870 substrate with thickness 1.5cm and permittivity
2.33.

Fig.1 Rectangular micro strip inset fed patch antenna

Widthoftheantennagivenby

(1)
The effective dielectric constant is given by
Ereff=

(2)

The extension length is given by

(3)
The actual length, L in meters is calculated using
(4)
The feed line width W0 can be given by the formula

(5)

II. ANTENNA DESIGN


A. Inset fed micro strip patch antenna
First, a single micro strip antenna is designed for GSM
application. Consider figure 1 below, which shows a
rectangular micro strip patch antenna of length L, width W on
a dielectric substrate of height h. the length and width of
antenna can be calculated by transmission line method , as
given below,

To find the feed location, consider


(6)
Where,

III. SIMULATION PROCEDURE

for

for

(7)

G12Gr and so we can ignore, and


)

(8)

y0 position of feed
L- length of feed
Gr radiating conductance
B. Dimension of patch array antenna
The designed dimensions of the proposed rectangular
patch antenna are L=22.58cm, W=14.2225cm, while length of
patch is L1=3.94cm, W1=3.74cm The proposed antenna is
fabricated on an RT Duroid 5870 substrate with a thickness of
1.5cm and a relative permittivity ( ) 2.33. To design a 2X2
micro strip patch antenna array, Co-corporate feed network is
used. Figure shows the configuration of the 2 x2 micro strip
patch array antenna design for GSM application. Here 4 patch
elements are used and each element has same dimensions as
mentioned above in order to increase the antenna performance.

Simulation in this scheme involved extending the


feed line to the edge where the notch has been cut out. This
way, the simulated input resistance is that of the edge where
the notch has been cut out. For values of the longitudinal
notch length varying from zero to L/2, the procedure above
was again used to evaluate the input resistance along the
center line. This was repeated along a line 5mm, 10mm and
15mm offset of the center line.
Starting from one of the non-radiating edges with the notch
length set to 0mm, the feed position was changed transversally
to the opposite edge with the input resistance being evaluated
for each position. This was repeated feed position 4mm, 8mm
and 12mm from the radiating edge and along the transverse
center line. To characterize the behavior of the input resistance
with notch gap, simulation was repeated along the longitudinal
center line for the following notch gap g(as a fraction of feed
line width W0 ): g=0.3w, 0.7w and 0.9w
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
GSM- Global System for Mobile Communication
HFSS- High Frequency Structure Simulator
B. Spacing
The distance between the patches in the E-plane and the Hplane always lies between /2 to . By varying the
distance we can get the optimum result and at the optimum
value of return loss, we keep the spacing along H-arm and
E-arm.
The variation in the spacing should not compel to change
the length or width of the substrate. The width of the patch
is also adjusted to get the response at the required
frequency.
C. Some Common Mistakes

Fig2Designof2X2rectangularpatcharrayantenna

Fig-3 Design view of patch array antenna in HFSS

In this design, the patch elements are connected using


quarter wavelength impedance transformer method.

While designing of the array of inset fed patch array


antenna, generally we dont use the quarter wave
transformer, due to this the reflection loss increases.
So, to reduce the reflection loss we must use to quarter
wave transformer to match the impedance between the
feed line and the patch.

The height of the substrate should also be the within


limitation which is generally ignored while designing.

The dielectric constant of the substrate should be in


the range from 2.2 to12.

Since in HFSS design the air box dimension and its


position also having more importance. The Air box
should be place at the /4 distance from the dimension
of the antenna geometry.

We make sure that the excitation to the patch array


should be the lumped port, because of the single
radiating element.

IV. RESULT
A. S-PARAMETER PLOT FOR RETURN LOSS V/S FREQUENCY
S parameter calculation has been performed for rectangular
micro strip 2x2 array antenna. The center frequency is selected
as the one at which the return loss is minimum. Fig. 4 shows
the antenna operates at a frequency range of 890-920MHz,
with bandwidth 20MHz and center frequency of 900 MHz
The drawn diagram shows the minimum return loss at 900
MHz. Further it can also be improved by either inserting the
cut mark or slot mark, which enhances the return loss. The
diagram describe the result better.
Name

XY Plot 8

m10.00 0.9000 -11.1980

Patch_Antenna

ANSOFT

Fig-5 Radiation pattern of 2X2 array patched micro strip antenna

Curve Info

m2 0.6500 -7.6721

dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sweep

C. GAIN AND DIRECTIVITY GRAPH

-2.00

Thegraphgivenbelowshowsthegainanddirectivity
ofdesignedantenna.
Thegain ofanantenna ina given direction isthe
amountofenergyradiatedinthatdirectioncomparedtothe
energy of an isotropic antenna would radiate in the same
directionwhendrivenwiththesameinput

d
B
(S
(1
,1
))

-4.00

-6.00
m2

-8.00

-10.00
m1

-12.00

0.40

0.60

0.80

Freq [GHz]

1.00

1.20

1.40

Fig-4 Return loss of 2X2 array patched antenna

.B.- ANTENNA PARAMETERS


Some of antenna parameters, such as the gain, directivity,
antennaefficiencyand3dBbeamwidthforsinglepatchand
2x2arrayantennaareshownbelow.Fromthetable,itisclear
thatgainanddirectivityof2x2phasedarrayantennaisalmost
double than that of single patch antenna. The gain and
directivityfor2x2phasedarrayantennaisshownbelow:As
showninthediagram,theradiationpatterntakenfortheall
valuesofphi(0).

.
Fig-5 Gain of 2X2 array patched micro strip antenna

V- CONCLUSION
A2x2rectangularmicrostripphasedarrayantenna
has been successfully designed. Here micro strip feed
techniqueisusedtofeedsinglepatchantenna.Andcorporate
feed technique is used for 2X2 array antenna. S parameter
calculation has been performed for the designed antenna.
Fromthegraph,itisclearthatthedesignedantennahasbeen
radiated in the prescribed range of frequencies defined for
GSMapplication.Nextgain,directivity,effectivearea,power
radiatedabsolutefieldetc.arecalculatedfordesignedantenna.
Thesolutionfrequencywhichisusedisverymuchimportant
forthisnetworkandbydesigningsuchantennawearegoing
to improve the efficiency and desired output power. This
patternofantennacanusedinGSMapplicationbecauseof
arrayformationitgivesbetterradiationandreturnloss.
The future work is to design 4x4 and 8x8antenna
arrayandsquareshapedconformalmicrostripphasedarray

antennaforGSMapplication.
VI ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by Shri Ram Murti Smarak
College of Engg. & Technology Bareilly. The authors express
the thanks to Department of Electronics & Communication
Engg. For the valuable advices.

VII- REFERENCE
[1]. C.A. Balanis (1997) ntenna Theory Analysis and Design2 nd edition
New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc

[2] Muhammad Mahfuzul Alam, Md Mustafizur Rahman Sonchoy, and Md.


Osman Goni, Design and Performance Analysis of Microstrip Array
Antenna, Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium
Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, August 18-21, 2009.
[3]. Behera, S. and K. J. Vinoy, Microstrip square ring antenna for dualband operation," Progress In Electromagnetics
Research,Vol.
93,
41{56, 2009.
[4]. K. Shambavi, C. Z. Alex , T. N. P. Krishna, Design and Analysis of High
Gain Milimeter Wave Microstrip Antenna Array for Analysis of High
Gain Millimeter Wave Microstrip Anteanna Array for Wireless
Application, Journal of Applied Theoretical and Information
Technology(JATIT), 2009.
[5]. Chen W.-S. and B.-Y. Lee.,A Meander PDA Antenna For
GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN
Applications
,Progress
In
Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 14, 101-109, 2010.
[6] Gary C.-Y. Chen, K. K.-M. Chan, and K. Rambabu, Miniaturized Yagi
Class of Antennas for GSM, WLAN, and WiMax Applications,
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 3, August

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