Scribd
Upload
119 views20 pages

Bda31103 Lect02 - 1 Dof Part1

This document discusses a single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration system. It begins by defining a SDOF system as one where a single coordinate is sufficient to specify the position of the mass at any time, and where no external forces act after an initial disturbance. It then examines the free vibration of both undamped and damped SDOF translational systems using Newton's second law and the equation of motion. The natural frequency and solutions for undamped free vibration are derived. Examples are provided to calculate the natural frequency and period of a spring-mass system, and to find the free response of an undamped system given initial conditions.

Uploaded by

Ong Kok Meng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views20 pages

Bda31103 Lect02 - 1 Dof Part1

This document discusses a single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration system. It begins by defining a SDOF system as one where a single coordinate is sufficient to specify the position of the mass at any time, and where no external forces act after an initial disturbance. It then examines the free vibration of both undamped and damped SDOF translational systems using Newton's second law and the equation of motion. The natural frequency and solutions for undamped free vibration are derived. Examples are provided to calculate the natural frequency and period of a spring-mass system, and to find the free response of an undamped system given initial conditions.

Uploaded by

Ong Kok Meng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

BDA 31103 VIBRATION

MR MOHD AMRAN BIN HJ. MADLAN


Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

CHAPTER 2
SINGLE DEGREE
OF FREEDOM
SYSTEM

Free Vibration of Single Degree of


Freedom (SDOF)
A system is said to undergo free
vibration when it oscillates only
under an initial disturbance with no
external forces acting after initial
disturbance

Introduction - SDOF
 One

coordinate (x) is sufficient to


specify the position of the mass at any
time
 There is no external force applied to
the mass
 Since there is no element that cause
dissipation of energy during the
motion of the mass, the amplitude of
the motion remains constant with time,
undamped system
3

Introduction - SDOF
 If

the amplitude of the free vibration


diminished gradually over time due to
the resistance offered by the
surrounding medium, the system are
said to be damped
 Examples of free vibration:
oscillations of the pendulum of
grandfather clock, the vertical
oscillatory motion felt by a bicyclist
after hitting a road bump, and the
swing of a child on a swing under an
initial push.

Free Vibration of an Undamped


Translation System
 Equation

of Motion using Newtons


Second Law



Select a suitable coordinate to describe the


position of the mass or rigid body
Determine the static equilibrium configuration
of the system and measure the displacement of
the mass or rigid body
Draw the free body diagram of the mass or rigid
body when a positive displacement and velocity
are given
Apply Newtons second law of motion
7

Free Vibration of an Undamped


Translation System
 Newtons

second law

r
r&
&
F (t ) = mx
 Applied

r
&r&
M (t ) = J

For rigid body


undergoing
rotational motion

to undamped SDOF system

A spring-mass system in horizontal position

Free Vibration of an Undamped


Translation System

A spring-mass system in horizontal position

r
r&
&
F (t ) = kx = mx

m&x& + kx = 0
9

Free Vibration of an Undamped


Translation System
 Equation

of Motion using other

methods




DAlemberts Principle
Principle of Virtual Displacements
Principle of Conservation of Energy

m&x& + kx = 0
10

 Spring-Mass

System in Vertical Position

For static equilibrium

W = mg = k st
m&x& = k(x +st ) +W

m&x& + kx = 0
11

 The

solution can be found assuming,

x(t ) = Ce

st

substituting
2

d
m 2 (Ce st ) + k (Ce st ) = 0
dt
ms + k = 0
2

C (ms + k ) = 0

1
2

k
s = = i n
m

characteristic equation

k
n =
m

eigenvalues
12

1
2

 The

general solution,
x(t ) = C1eint + C2 e int

where C1 and C2 are constants

using

e it = cos t i sin t

x(t ) = A1 cosnt + A2 sinnt


where A1 and A2 are new constants and can be determine
from the initial conditions
13

 The

initial conditions at t = 0
x(t = 0) = A1 = x0
x& (t = 0) = n A2 = x&0

Hence, A1 = x0 and A2 = x&0 / n . Thus the solution


subject to the initial conditions is given by

x(t ) = x0 cosnt +

x&0

sin nt

14

 Free

vibration of an undamped: Harmonic


Motion
x(t ) = A0 sin(nt + 0 )
where A0 and 0 are new constants, amplitude
and phase angle respectively:

x&0
2
A0 = A = x0 +

2 1/ 2

x0n

0 = tan
x&0
1

amplitude

phase angle
15

The nature
of harmonic
oscillation
can be
represented
graphically
in the figure

16

Example 1:
Consider a small spring about 30 mm long,
welded to a stationary table (ground) so that
it is fixed at the point of contact, with 12 mm
bolt welded to the other end, which is free to
move. The mass of the system is 49.2 x 10^3 kg. The spring constant, k = 857.8 N/m.
Calculate the natural frequency and period
of system.
17

Example 1: Solution
Natural frequency:
k
857.8
rad
n =
=
=
132
s
m
49.2 x10 3

In hertz:
n
fn =
= 21Hz
2

The period:

1
T=
=
= 0.0476 s
n f n

18

Example 2: Harmonic
Obtain the free response of
in the form

2 &x& + 128 x = f (t )

x(t ) = A1 cosnt + A2 sinnt


Initial condition are x(0) = 0.05m and
x& (0) = 0.3m / s
19

Example 2: Solution
0 .3
x = 0.05 cos 8t +
sin 8t
8
= 0.05 cos 8t 0.0375 sin 8t

20

You might also like