This document provides an overview of industrial engineering and methods for productivity improvement. It discusses how industrial engineers design production processes and set time standards. The document outlines a 7-step approach to work measurement and productivity improvement: selecting a project, gathering data, analyzing data, developing an ideal method, presenting and installing the method, developing a job analysis, and establishing time standards. The goal is to minimize costs, maximize safety and quality, and improve productivity. The historical development of industrial engineering from the industrial revolution to modern times is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of industrial engineering and methods for productivity improvement. It discusses how industrial engineers design production processes and set time standards. The document outlines a 7-step approach to work measurement and productivity improvement: selecting a project, gathering data, analyzing data, developing an ideal method, presenting and installing the method, developing a job analysis, and establishing time standards. The goal is to minimize costs, maximize safety and quality, and improve productivity. The historical development of industrial engineering from the industrial revolution to modern times is also summarized.
production and point out ways to improve them. They decide how a company should allocate its limited tangible resources (equipment and labor) within the framework of existing physical constraints (physical plant).
Includes designing, creating and selecting the
best manufacturing methods, processes, tools, equipment, and skills to manufacture a product based on the specifications that have been developed by the product engineering section. When best method interfaces with the best skills available, an efficient worker-machine relationship exists. Once the complete method has been established, a standard time for the product must be determined.
Before establishing time standards, there is a
responsibility to see that: Predetermined standards are met Workers are adequately compensated for their output, skills, responsibilities, and experience Workers have a feeling of satisfaction from the work that they do
A technique for increasing the production per
unit of time or decreasing the cost per unit output or in other words, Productivity Improvement It entails analyses at two different times during the history of a product: 1.
Design and development on how the product will be
produced
2.
Restudy to fine better way to produce the product
and/or improve the quality (corporate reengineering)
Implies the utilization of technological capability
Improvements are never ending
Uses a systematic procedure to develop a work
center, produce a product, or provide a service
1. Select the project
Projects that are either new or existing products that have a high cost of manufacture and a low profit. Products experiencing difficulty in maintaining quality Products having problems meeting competition
2. Get and present the data
Assemble all important facts relating to the product or service
Includes drawings and specifications, quantity
requirements, delivery requirements, and projections of the anticipated life of the product or service. Once all information are has been acquired, record it in an orderly form for study and analysis
3. Analyze the Data
Utilize the primary approaches to operations
analysis to decide which alternative will result
in the best product or service
4. Develop the ideal method
Select the best procedure for each operation, inspection, and transportation by considering the various constraints associated with each alternative,
including
the
productivity,
ergonomics, and health and safety implications.
5. Present and install the method
Explain the proposed method in detail to those
responsible for its operation and maintenance.
6. Develop a job analysis
Conduct a job analysis of the installed method to ensure that the operators are adequately selected, trained, and rewarded. Job analysis process to identify and determine in detail the particular job duties and requirements and
the relative importance of these duties for a given
job.
7. Establish time standards
Establish a fair and equitable standard for the installed method
8. Follow up the method
Audit the installed method to determine if the anticipated productivity and quality are being realized.
to increase productivity and product
reliability safely to lower unit cost- this allows more quality goods and services to be produced for more people
1. Minimize the time required to perform
tasks
2. Continually improve the quality and
reliability of products and services 3. Conserve resources and minimize the cost by specifying the most appropriate direct and indirect materials for the production of goods and services
4. Consider the cost and availability of power
5. Maximize the safety, health and well-being of all employees 6. Produce with an increasing concern for protecting the environment 7. Follow a humane program of management that results in job interest and satisfaction for each employee
1750: For the first time, industrial engineering emerged
as a profession during the industrial revolution 1776:
Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and
advocated the concept of division of labor, skill
development, specialization 1832: Charles Babbage systematically observed factory operations in England and USA.
He wrote his
experiences in a book On the economy of Machinery
and Manufacturing. His observations, regarding skill, match with operations and his conceptual foundations on division of labor acted as the foundation blocks of some later developments in industrial engineering.
1880: Frederick W. Taylor almost changed the approach
towards industrial management.
His focus was on
improvement in work content, specialization and division
of labor. His contributions are treated as the real beginning of industrial engineering by many authors. 1911: Frank Gilbreth focused on identification, analysis, measurement and setting standard for the fundamental motions, which were required to accomplish a job. His contributions were helpful in designing a job, deciding the time required to perform a job and improvement in ways to perform a job. Dr. Lillian Gilbreth, who was the wife of Frank, worked on human relation aspect of engineering.
1913: Henry L. Gantt provided the concept of planning and
scheduling the activities on a graphical chart. This type of
chart is still widely used and is called as Gantt Chart. This is very helpful in reviewing the progress and updating the schedule of work. 1924: W.A. Shewhart developed the fundamental concept of statistical quality control. During this period, fundamental approaches on inventory control, incentive plans, material handling,
conceptions
of
organization,
theory
and
management, plant layout, etc, evolved.
1940s: conceptual foundation for value engineering, system analysis and operations research emerged.
Form groups of 3 members. Think of a
service/product set-up where you can apply improvements. Determine the problems/opportunities to improve and list the different ways you can change or introduce improvement on the system. (Bullet form). Prepare to present it
on class.
Niebels Methods, Standards, and
Work Design http://www.transtutors.com/home work-help/industrialmanagement/industrialengineering/historicaldevelopment-of-industrialengineering.aspx http://www.princetonreview.com/c areers.aspx?cid=79