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Daniell Cell

This document provides instructions for setting up and conducting an experiment using a Daniel cell to convert the chemical energy from a redox reaction into electrical energy. The key materials needed are two beakers, zinc and copper plates, a filter paper, voltmeter, connecting wires, and solutions of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and potassium nitrate. A salt bridge consisting of an agar/potassium nitrate solution in a tube connects the two half-cell beakers without allowing their solutions to mix. Measurements are taken of voltage under varying conditions like temperature, electrode area, and electrolyte concentration.

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Mohit
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254 views1 page

Daniell Cell

This document provides instructions for setting up and conducting an experiment using a Daniel cell to convert the chemical energy from a redox reaction into electrical energy. The key materials needed are two beakers, zinc and copper plates, a filter paper, voltmeter, connecting wires, and solutions of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and potassium nitrate. A salt bridge consisting of an agar/potassium nitrate solution in a tube connects the two half-cell beakers without allowing their solutions to mix. Measurements are taken of voltage under varying conditions like temperature, electrode area, and electrolyte concentration.

Uploaded by

Mohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Materials and Equipment To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipment: v

Two beakers. v Zinc and Copper plate. v Filter paper. v Voltmeter. v Connecting wires. v Card
board. v KNO3 solution. v 1 M, 0.1M, 0.01 M solution of :- a. CuSO4 b. ZnSO4 Daniel Cell When an
external circuit is connected, the chemical equation for the zinc side (anode) half cell is: Zn (s)
Zn2+ (aq) + 2 e For the copper sulphate side (cathode) half cell: Cu2+ (aq) + 2 e Cu (s)
Therefore, the overall reaction of the Daniel cell is: Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
Introduction It is an arrangement to convert the chemical energy of the redox reaction into electric
energy. Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s) Features of Daniel Cell:- v Zinc rod at which
oxidation occurs is called the anode while the copper rod at which the reduction takes place is called
cathode. v The overall reaction occurring in electrochemical cell is due to two half-cell reaction, one
occurring in each beaker. v The half-cell reaction occurring at anode is called oxidation -half cell
reaction while the occurring at cathode is called reduction. v The two half-cell reactions always take
place simultaneously i.e. . . Half cell reaction cannot take place immediately. v Since electrons are
produced at zinc electrode, it is rich in electrons and pulls these electrons into the external circuit and
hence acts as negative pole. The copper electrode on the other hand is deficient in electrons and thus
pulls the electrons from the external circuit and act as positive pole. v The electrons flow from
negative pole to positive pole in the external circuit. However, conventionally the current is said to
flow in opposite direction i.e. from positive pole to negative pole in the external circuit. v The
concentration of copper sulphate solution decreases with passage of time as the cell operates,
consequently the current fall with passage of time. v
Salt Bridge :- It consists of a tube filled with
semi-solid paste obtained by adding gelative or agar to the solution of strong electrolyte such as
Nacl , NH4NO3.KNO3 etc, which does not change chemically during the process. v Function of salt
bridge:- To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the solution to flow from one solution to another
without mixing the two solutions. To maintain electrical neutrality of solution in two half-cells. v EMF of
Cells:- When a current flows through two points a potential difference generated by a cell when the
cell draws no current is called EMF. Procedure I. Take two beakers and pour the required chemicals in
respective beaker and mark them for identification. II. Take two square to slide in and connecting wire
to their screw. III. Connect negative of the voltmeter to the anode and its positive to the cathode IV.
Take filter paper long enough to dip into both the solution. Dip the filter paper in KNo3 solution and
put it as a salt bridge. V. Put on the electrode voltmeter set up. Note the reading quickly and then put
of the electrode voltmeter set up. VI. For measuring variation with temperature with change in area of
electrode use the different size of electrode and then do step 5 again. VII. For measuring variation
with temperature heat the solution and then do step 5 again. VIII. For measuring variations with
change in concentration of electrolyte ,use the electrolytes of different molarity and then do step 5
again.

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