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Lecture #2 Fundamentals of Cellular Communication

This document summarizes the evolution and fundamentals of cellular communication systems. It discusses the development of cellular technology from early radio communication inventions through 4G networks. It also defines key concepts in cellular networks such as frequency reuse, network cells, clustering, and different cell types. Finally, it outlines the components and services of a cellular network and identifies the main parts of a cell phone.

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Mrs. Vasanthi Muniasamy
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256 views5 pages

Lecture #2 Fundamentals of Cellular Communication

This document summarizes the evolution and fundamentals of cellular communication systems. It discusses the development of cellular technology from early radio communication inventions through 4G networks. It also defines key concepts in cellular networks such as frequency reuse, network cells, clustering, and different cell types. Finally, it outlines the components and services of a cellular network and identifies the main parts of a cell phone.

Uploaded by

Mrs. Vasanthi Muniasamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Network 2 2013

Lecture #2 Fundamentals of Cellular Communication


1. Evolution of Cellular Communication
1893

Radio communication was invented by Nokola Tesla and Marconi

1940

First walkie-talkie was used by the US military

1947

John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invented the transistor

1979

First Cellular Phone service was launched by the Nordic Mobile


Telephone (in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark).

2. Cellular System Generation


1G

Voice oriented systems based on Advanced Mobile Phone Systems


Analog technology

2G

Cordless System

Voice oriented systems based on Global System for Mobile (GSM)


Digital technology

US Time Division Multiple Access


(US-TDMA)

3G

Voice oriented systems integrate with General


data Services

Packet

Radio

Service

(GPRS) and Code Division Multiple


Access (CDMA)

4G

Based on Internet protocol networks


and will provide voice, data and
multimedia service to subscribers

Prepared By Mrs.Vasanthi Muniasamy M.Sc., M.Phil Rank: Asst. Prof., CCG, KKU

Page 1

3. What is frequency reuse?

Computer Network 2 2013

It is a method used by service providers to improve the efficiency of a cellular


network and to serve millions of subscribers using a limited radio spectrum
4. Define Network Cell
x Basic geographical unit of a cellular network;
x It is the area around an antenna where a specific frequency range is used;
x It is represented graphically as a hexagonal shape, but in reality it is irregular in
shape
x When a subscriber moves to another cell, the antenna of the new cell takes over
the signal transmission
x In heavy traffic zones cells are smaller, while in isolated zones cells are larger
5. What is Cluster?
A cluster is a group of adjacent cells, usually 7 cells

Prepared By Mrs.Vasanthi Muniasamy M.Sc., M.Phil Rank: Asst. Prof., CCG, KKU

Page 2

5. What are the types of cells?

Computer Network 2 2013

x Macro Cell
x Micro Cell
x Pico Cell
6. Define Macro Cell
x Their coverage is large (approx. 6 miles in diameter);
x It is used in remote areas,
x High-power transmitters and receivers are used
7. Define Micro Cell
Their coverage is small (half a mile in diameter)
It is used in urban zones;
Low-powered transmitters and receivers are used
8. Define Pico Cell
It covers areas such as building or a tunnel
9. What is meant by Handover?
Moving a call from one zone to another zone due to subscribers mobility
10. What is meant by Roaming?
Allowing the subscriber to send/receive calls outside the service providers coverage
a re a

Prepared By Mrs.Vasanthi Muniasamy M.Sc., M.Phil Rank: Asst. Prof., CCG, KKU

Page 3

Computer Network 2 2013

11. What are the services provided by Cellular Networking?


voice communication
Short Messaging Service (SMS)
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
Global Positioning System (GPS)

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to access the Internet


12. Draw the diagram of Cellular Network Components

BTS -

Base Transceiver Station

BSC -

Basic Station Controller

MSC -

Mobile Switching Center

MSU -

Mobile Subscriber Unit

Prepared By Mrs.Vasanthi Muniasamy M.Sc., M.Phil Rank: Asst. Prof., CCG, KKU

Page 4

13. What are the components of Cell Phone?

Computer Network 2 2013

Radio Transceiver low power radio transmitter and receiver


Antenna, usually located inside the phone
Control Circuitry formats the data sent to and from the BTS; controls signal
transmission and reception
Man-Machine Interface consists from a keypad and a display; is managed by
the control circuitry
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) integrated circuit card that stores the
identity information of subscriber
Battery - the power unit of the phone

Prepared By Mrs.Vasanthi Muniasamy M.Sc., M.Phil Rank: Asst. Prof., CCG, KKU

Page 5

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