Lect 41
Lect 41
Lect 41
Lect 41
Lecture with
Numerical Examples
of
Ramjet, Pulsejet and
Scramjet
Lect 41
Problem-1 Ramjet
A ramjet is flying at Mach 1.818 at an altitude
16.750 km altitude (Pa = 9.122 kPa,
Ta= 56.50 C = 216.5 K., sonic speed, a = 295 m/s).
The flow is assumed to enter the intake of the
ramjet through a normal shock standing at the
intake face. No pre-entry loss or friction loss
inside the engine is assumed to exist.
Combustion delivery temperature is 1280 K. and
the fuel air ratio is 1:40. The area at the intake
face is A1 = 0.0929 m2 and at the Combustion
chamber , A3 = 0.1858 m2
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 41
Calculate :
i) Mass flow rate through the engine
ii) Throat area in the nozzle, A5
iii) Combustion related pressure drop in the
combustion chamber
iv) If the nozzle expands to ambient pressure
find the thrust produced
v) If the nozzle expands only in a convergent
nozzle find the thrust produced
vi) Calculate the propulsive efficiencies for (iv)
and (v)
vii) Calculate TSFC in both the cases
viii) Complete and draw the cycles for the cases
(a) with C-D nozzle and (b) Convergent nozzle
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 41
Solution :
Flight velocity=Intake velocity of air=M1.a=536 m/s
From isentropic relations,
Total temperature at entry, T0a = 360 K
Total Pressure at entry, P0a = 53.85 kPa
Ambient air density, 1 = Pa/R.Ta = 0.147 kg/m3
Mass flow through the Intake = 1.Va.A1 =7.3 kg/s
Normal shock : From shock tables :
At intake face, for M1 =1.82, M2=0.612, T2= 334.8K
P02 =0.803.P01= 43.25 kPa, T02=T01=360 K
Since the duct losses due to friction etc are zero,
P03=P02= 43.25 kPa, T03=T02= 360 K
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convergent nozzle
Pressure ratio necessary for choking : 1.893
Available pr. ratio across the nozzle= P04/Pa=3.96
The nozzle is choked, and exit pressure, Pe=19.1 kPa
Te=Tt= T04/[(+1)/2]=1280/1.2 = 1067 K
Exit jet velocity, Ve =Vt = .R.Te= 654 m/s
From isentropic tables, exit (throat) area, A4/At=1.027
Whence, exit area Ae = 0.1809 m2
Thrust F = [(1+f)Ve -V1]+ Ae.(Pe- Pa) = 3587 N
Sp. Fuel Consn., TSFC = f/(F/)= 0.1834 N
Prop Efficiency p=F.Va/F.Va+ ..[(1+f)Ve2-Va2]=54.8%
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
10
Lect 41
Problem 2 Pulsejet
An aircraft powered by a pulsejet engine is flying at
12 km altitude, at Mach 2. The engine parameters
are given as : inlet area = 0.084 m2. Combustion
chamber pressure development, P03/P02= 9.0,
heating value of fuel, Q = 43,000 kJ/kg, combustion
efficiency = 0.96. Assuming ideal (no loss) flow
through the intake, find:
(i) The air mass flow rate,
(iii) fuel-air ratio, f
(v) Thrust of the engine
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112
Lect 41
=0.418 = 41.8%
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
13
Lect 41
Problem 3 Scramjet
A scramjet powered aircraft flys at Mach 5 at 16.75 km
where Ta=216.67 K and Pa=9.122 kPa. The intake has a
shock structure of two oblique shocks with both deflection
angles =100. By burning hydrogen fuel (Q=120,900
kJ/kg), the temp is raised to 2000 K. The fuel air ratio
=0.025. The nozzle expansion ratio is A5/A4 = 5.0. The
inlet and the exit areas are A1=A5= 0.2 m2. If cp= 1.51
kJ/kg.K ; cc= 0.8
Calculate :
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Nozzle Flow
Nozzle outlet Mach number , Me=3.23,
for which isentropic temp ratio T05/T5= 3.11
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Lect 41
km
TSFC
Ve
F
pr
Kg/nm/s (kN)
hr
Ramjet
Pulsejet
F/a
N/Kg
/s
4.09
0.16
51.2 560
28.95
0.18
41.8 1931
0.38
52.7 102
(C-D noz)
Scramjet 5
12
2297
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Lect 41
Next
Concluding Lecture
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