Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2015

ISSN: 2277 128X

International Journal of Advanced Research in

Computer Science and Software Engineering
Research Paper
Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com

Challenges and Issues in Android App Development- An Overview

Deepa V. Jose*, Lakshmi Priya C, G. Priyadarshini, Monisha Singh
Department of Computer Science, Christ University,
Karnataka, India
Abstract Smart phones have changed the definition of mobile phones by being a powerful communication tool
inevitable in our daily life along with varied options for fun and entertainment. It has now become a very common
tool because of the popularity of android system in the electronics market. As it is an open source and some of the
development tools are free, there are plenty of applications, especially related to entertainment and socializing
generated, which inspires people to use it. The very convenient hardware platform is also a boon for developers so that
they can spend less effort and time to realize their ideas. All these make android on demand and can get further
development.
Keywords Android, Smart Phones, Java, Eclipse platform, Android ADT, Android SDK
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the emergence of smart phones has changed the definition of mobile phones. Phone is no longer just a
communication tool, but also an essential part of the people's communication and daily life. Various applications added
unlimited fun for people's lives. It is certain that the future of the network will be the mobile terminal. Now the android
system in the electronics market is becoming more and more popular, especially in the Smartphone market. Because of
the open source, some of the development tools are free, so there are plenty of applications generated. This greatly
inspired the people to use the android system. In addition, it provides a very convenient hardware platform for developers
so that they can spend less effort to realize their ideas. This makes android popular and of course scope for further
development [1].
As the smart phones and android system getting popular, the activities like listening to music, watching videos surfing
the internet etc. are moved from the computer to a phone now. The major attractive feature is the lack of interference of
built-in advertisements which many of us hesitate to have which we experience when using computer systems. The
development of the android application can not only be limited to the function, more attention should be paid to the user's
experience .After studying and experiencing some previous android applications ,we decided to use the Java language,
the Eclipse platform, android ADT and the android SDK to develop the mobile application for ordering food from
restaurants named PikDish. This system has a nice interface and smooth operation. Besides that it wont steal any
personal information and bring a wonderful user experience.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a detailed description of android System Architecture
followed by Literature Review in Section 3. The Existing System and Proposed System are given in Section 4 and 5
respectively. Sample Screen Shots of the android app named PikDish is given in Section 6. Section 7 is the Conclusion
followed by References.
II. ANDROID SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Android system is a Linux-based system which use the software stack architecture design patterns [1-2]. As shown in
Figure 1, the android architecture consists of four layers: Linux kernel, Libraries and android runtime, Application
framework and Applications [5-8]. Each lower layer provides a sort of encapsulation, while providing call interface to
the upper layers.

Fig.1 Android Architecture[1]

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Jase et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 5(1),
January - 2015, pp. 811-814
A. APPLICATIONS
Android gives a set of core applications including client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and so on, all
developed in Java.
B. APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
The developer is allowed to access all the API framework of the core programs. The application framework simplifies
the reuse of its components. Any other app can release its functional components and all other apps can access and use
this component by following the security aspects of the framework. Its quite helpful for the developers to substitute the
program components with this reuse mechanism.
C. LIBRARIES AND ANDROID RUN TIME
The library is divided in to two components: Android Runtime and Android Library. Android Runtime is consisted of a
Java Core Library and Dalvik virtual machine. The Core Library provides Java core library with many functions. Dalvik
virtual machine is a register virtual machine which makes some specific improvements for mobile device.
Android system library is to support the application framework; it is also an important link connecting between
application framework and Linux Kernel. This system library is developed in C or C++ language. These libraries can also
be utilized by the different components in the android system. They provide service for the developers through the
application framework.
D. LINUX KERNEL
The kernel system service provided by android inner nuclear layer is based on Linux 2.6 kernel; operations like internal
storage, process management, internet protocol, bottom-drive and other core service are all based on Linux kernel[1].
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
The authors in [1] have tested the app in three environments including hardware, software and network. Test hardware
environment is Lenovo Y460 laptop and millet M1 phone; software environment is windows 7 and phone system
environment is android 4.0.3. Network environment is China Mobile which is 10M broadband, WIFI LAN and China
Mobile GPRS network.By testing each function on mobile phone and the computer simulator, the result showed that
video player and audio player run well and no advertising. Sina weibo client can successfully complete OAuth2.0
certificate authority and login and collect the basic data of the user information from sina server and no redundant
information. Expected effect is achieved after testing all the functions. They says that since the Weibo client has to
access to the network, when tested on an android phone, the performance under the environment of WIFI network and
mobile 2G GPRS network can meet the expected requirements.
This article [2] gives a detailed introduction of android application framework and the working principal of android
applications. Finally, a music player on the android platform was put forward as an example to illustrate this mechanism.
This paper [3] proposes a MDE approach for android applications development, which addresses how to model specific
aspects of android applications, as intent and a data/service request, using standard UML notations. Moreover, it supports
static and behavioral code generation from UML class and sequence diagrams, according to the rules imposed by the
android platform. To demonstrate our approach, a case study was conducted, in which an android application was
modeled in UML and code was generated from it. To generate code, the extension of GenCode was used. However, the
actual version of GenCode tool that supports the proposed approach, only made an automatic transformation from UML
class and sequence diagrams to the target android Java code, without consider any optimization in the generated code. As
future work, we plan to extend this tool in order to consider the good practices for android development [16], and thus
generating efficient code.
The authors in [4] say that android application development college challenge has only been held two times, but it greatly
encourages and promotes the creativity of the college students. With more and more competitive teams participating the
contest, it will be harder to win an award. However, many exciting applications will be presented in the contest. This
challenge gives us an opportunity to learn about that a lot of ideas we think about can be implemented on android
platform. At the same time, the contest provides a stage for android developer to discuss and communicate with each
other. This can effectively promote the development of android and attract more software engineers to develop
applications on android platform.[5]
In this research paper [6], through the introduction of the 3D maze game of gravity, understanding of the development of
sensors on android platform can be experienced. They claim that with the rapid development of science and technology,
the sensor's performance will be greatly improved and become more intelligent and sensitive. They also suggests that
combining the characteristics of the sensor with the convenience of mobile phones, we can develop a variety of novel
applications in the mobile terminal, which become handheld entertainment for people in spare time, and can provide
developers with new areas for development.
This paper [7] proposed an idea to make the android application designing flow more friendly. Users can design android
application without installing specific software. Users can design the application just by a browser which supports
HTML5. The idea can extend to other application. It makes the gap between common user and programming designer
smaller. Compare with exist tools. The idea of this paper provides a concept of module combination rather than logic
accumulation. It also put development tool and deploy tool in one system. In the future, it is possible to generate a system
to generate many applications for different device with only on click.
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Jase et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 5(1),
January - 2015, pp. 811-814
In [8] the authors specified the design of a real-time interactive model and discussed details of key techniques that make
the system effective and easy to maintain. The system is abstractly divided into three layers, the Application Layer, the
Data Management Layer and the Basic Service Layer. To improve the performance of the system, we add the
reconnection and retransmission mechanism. The model has been successfully put into use in Hisense bus scheduling
android client application.
IV. EXISTING SYSTEM
Restaurant services such as making reservations, processing orders, and delivering meals generally require waiters to
input customer information and then transmit the orders to kitchen for meal preparation. When the customer pays the bill,
the amount due is calculated by the cashier. Although this procedure is simple, it may significantly increase the workload
of waiters and even cause errors in meal ordering or in prioritizing customers, especially when the number of customers
suddenly increases during busy hours, which can seriously degrade the overall service quality.
A very commonly implemented system, currently being used by numerous restaurants and chains all over the world, is
the electronic point-of-sale terminal system. Here, the severs /waiters generally take the order from the customer and
head onto a terminal, where they can feed the order into a computer. The order can then be transmitted to the kitchen
automatically via the terminal through a network, or it may even be delivered manually by the server to the kitchen.
Although a huge improvement over the pen and paper still prevalent over the world, this does not have much value
addition for the customer and mostly only benefits the establishment and the administration of the establishment.
A. LIMITATION OF EXISTING SYSTEMS
The limitations of the existing system identified are as follows;
Cannot book the orders online.
Cannot reserve tables online.
Cannot check the ingredients of the food ordered.
Cannot provide reviews or feedback of the restaurant or the food.
Increases chaos when the restaurant is crowded during weekends.
V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system will consist of the following main components
1. Users - a certain number of people are made to rate individual food items.
2. Entities - the food items.
3. Value Dimensions - the categories that are formed to rate the food items e.g. Price, quality, meat content, etc.
4. Belief System - is personal to each user & allows telling the system what ideal value they want each value dimension
to have.
A. BENEFITS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
A high-quality service system is customer-centric, i.e. it immediately recognize the identities, favorite meals and
expenditure records of customers which is provided by customer-centric services. Therefore, using advanced
technologies to improve service quality that has attracted much attention in this application. Various product
recommendation systems have been developed to enhance customer satisfaction and perceived value. It is defined as a
system which recommends an appropriate product or service after learning the customers preferences and desires.
B. CHALLENGES AND ISSUES
Some of the major challenges and issues that we have experienced while developing this app PikDish is mentioned here.
The major challenge was to make the app appealing to the major crowd by making its interface simple, user-friendly and
attractive and at the same time useful for the purpose. Since a number of versions of android are there and it keeps
coming with new software and hardware features also which one to focus for developing the app was quite difficult to
finalize. Finding mostly used version was time consuming. Same way the software/hardware integration was also a major
issue. Unable to fix the errors and security issues was also quite difficult to manage. Despite these difficulties the when
the app comes to realization the satisfaction we gain is amazing.
VI.

SAMPLE SCREEN SHOTS

FIG 2. LOGIN SCREEN

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Jase et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 5(1),
January - 2015, pp. 811-814

Fig 3. Menu Screen

VII. CONCLUSION
Android as a full, open and free mobile device platform, with its powerful function and good user experience rapidly
developed into the most popular mobile operating system. This paper gives an overview of the different challenge and
issues faced in android app development. It gives a detailed reference of a new app PikDish developed for restaurants.
The experience of developing an android app is quite challenging, motivating as well as satisfying.
REFERENCES
[1]
Ma, Li, Lei Gu, and Jin Wang. "Research and Development of Mobile Application for android Platform."
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Liu, Jianye, and Jiankun Yu. "Research on Development of android Applications." Fourth International
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[3]
Parada, Abilio G., and Lisane B. de Brisolara. "A model driven approach for android applications development."
Computing System Engineering (SBESC), 2012 Brazilian Symposium on. IEEE, 2012.
[4]
Peng, Bin, Jinming Yue, and Chen Tianzhou. "The android Application Development College Challenge." High
Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded
Software and Systems (HPCC-ICESS), 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
[5]
Grgurina, Robi, Goran Brestovac, and Tihana Galinac Grbac. "Development environment for android
application development: An experience report." MIPRO, 2011 Proceedings of the 34th International
Convention. IEEE, 2011.
[6]
Zhi-An, Yi, and Mu Chun-Miao. "The development and application of sensor based on android." Information
Science and Digital Content Technology (ICIDT), 2012 8th International Conference on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2012.
[7]
Yang, Zhilong, et al. "Research and Design of a Real-Time Interactive Application Development Model Based
on the android Platform." Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID), 2013 Sixth International Symposium
on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2013.

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