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Experiment No.1: Aim-To Study Pulse Amplitude Modulation Using MATLAB Theory

This document summarizes an experiment on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) using MATLAB. PAM converts a continuous analog signal into a discrete signal by sampling the analog signal at regular time intervals and holding each sampled value for a certain time to create a flat-top pulse. The amplitude of these regularly spaced pulses is varied proportionally to the corresponding sample values of the message signal. The experiment generates a PAM waveform by coding a sine wave message signal with a square wave to create amplitude variations and plots the resulting PAM waveform. Applications of PAM include Ethernet communication standards and LED lighting drivers.

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DikshitJain
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52 views4 pages

Experiment No.1: Aim-To Study Pulse Amplitude Modulation Using MATLAB Theory

This document summarizes an experiment on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) using MATLAB. PAM converts a continuous analog signal into a discrete signal by sampling the analog signal at regular time intervals and holding each sampled value for a certain time to create a flat-top pulse. The amplitude of these regularly spaced pulses is varied proportionally to the corresponding sample values of the message signal. The experiment generates a PAM waveform by coding a sine wave message signal with a square wave to create amplitude variations and plots the resulting PAM waveform. Applications of PAM include Ethernet communication standards and LED lighting drivers.

Uploaded by

DikshitJain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

EXPERIMENT NO.1
Aim- To study pulse amplitude modulation using MATLAB
Theory: General concept:PAM Used for the conversion of a continuous Analog signal m(t) to a discrete signal.
We have a signal m(t) which is continuous .we use a switching circuit to pick up
signals at regular intervals of time.
The picked signal at a particular time instant is then held fr a certain time T.
This is done to give a flat top signal.
Advantages:This is done to avoid the use of excessive channel bandwidth since the bandwidth is
Inversely proportional to the pulse duration.
Sampling Frequency :Fs is kept as per the sampling theorem and is equal to the
Nyquist rate.
Ts=1/Fs
Definition:in PAM the amplitude of the regularly spaced pulses are varied in
proportion to the corresponding sample values of the continuous message signal.
Sampling Frequency is twice the message maximum component frequency so as to
give the Correlation between two consecutive samples picked to be high .
Disadvantages:Apperture effect :
The fourier transform for he same is H(f) =|H(f)|arg(H(f).
This fourier transform has a function of sinc function.
|H(f) |=sinc function( that looks kind of intensity curve of YDSE experiment );
So we have introduce an Amplitude distortion as well as a phase shift .
For this reason the sampling caused by flat top PAM causes Aperture effect
APPERTURE EFFECT IN TV:- the variation in transmission with frequency that is
caused by finite scanning size of tv aperture.

CODE:Home
Clearall
t=1:1:1000;
m(t)=sin(2.*pi.*t./1000);
%regular sinewave message signal
count=0;
y=0;
for t=1:1:1000
count=count+1;
if count==20
%square wave reset after every 40 counts
y=not(y);
count=0;
% count reset for next flat top or flat bottom
end
x(t)=y;
% square wave generated
end
fori=1:1:1000
if(x(i)==-1)
%to make binary
x(i)=0;
%vary between 0 and 1
end
end
t=1:1:1000;
s(t)=m(t).*x(t);
subplot(3,1,1); plot(t,m(t)); title('message wave');
subplot(3,1,2); plot(t,x(t)); title('square wave');
subplot(3,1,3); plot(t,s(t)); title('PAM wave');

OUTPUT:-

Learning Outcome:
PAM waveform is generated by using the concepts of coding and flat top and hold
sampling is implemented.
Applications:Some versions of Ethernet Communication standards are an example of PAM
usage. In particular, the fast Ethernet 100BASE-T2 medium running at 100Mbit/sec
uses five-level PAM modulation(PAM-5) running at 25 million pulses per second over
two wire pairs.
Pulse-amplitude modulation has also been developed for the control of light-emitting
diodes (LEDs), especially for lighting applications. LED drivers based on the PAM
technique offer improved energy efficiency over systems based upon other common
driver modulation techniques such as pulse-width modulation (PWM) as the forward
current passing through an LED is relative to the intensity of the light output and the
LED efficiency increases as the forward current is reduced.

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