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Ee177 Supplement 2

The document discusses logic gates and digital logic. It introduces the basic logic gates - AND, OR, and NOT - and how they can be combined like bricks to build various digital logic functions. It then covers different types of logic gates in more detail like NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates. The document also discusses Boolean algebra rules and theorems that can be used to simplify logic expressions.

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stephen_562001
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45 views10 pages

Ee177 Supplement 2

The document discusses logic gates and digital logic. It introduces the basic logic gates - AND, OR, and NOT - and how they can be combined like bricks to build various digital logic functions. It then covers different types of logic gates in more detail like NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates. The document also discusses Boolean algebra rules and theorems that can be used to simplify logic expressions.

Uploaded by

stephen_562001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

9/16/2015

LOGIC GATES
NOTGate(Inverter)
ANDGate
ORGate
NANDGate
NORGate
XORandXNORGates
Fixedfunctionlogic:ICGates

INTRODUCTION TO
DIGITAL LOGIC

Introduction(1)
AllLogiccircuitandfunctionsare
madefrombasiclogicgates
Threebasiclogicgates:
ANDgateexpressedby.
ORgateexpressedby+sign
(NOTE:itisnotanordinaryaddition)
NOTgateexpressedbyor

Introduction(2)
Thinkabouttheselogicgatesasbricksinastructure.
Individualsbrickscanbearrangedtoformvarious
typeofbuildings,andbrickscanbeusedtobuild
fireplaces,steps,walls,walkwaysandfloor.
Likewise,individuallogicgatesarearrangedand
interconnectedtoformvariousfunctioninadigital
system
Thereareseveraltypeoflogicgates,justastheremay
beseveralshapes/sizesofbricksinastructure.

By:ThomasL.Floyd&DavidM.Buchla

9/16/2015

OR Gate

NOT Gate (Inverter)

a) Gate Symbol & Boolean Equation


a) Gate Symbol & Boolean Equation

b) Truth Table

c) Timing Diagram

AND Gate

b) Truth Table

c) Timing Diagram

NAND Gate

a) Gate Symbol & Boolean Equation

a) Gate Symbol, Boolean Equation


& Truth Table
b) Truth Table

b) Timing Diagram

c) Timing Diagram

9/16/2015

NORGate

Exclusive-OR (XOR)Gate

A B AB AB
a) Gate Symbol, Boolean Equation
& Truth Table

b) Timing Diagram

Exclusive-NOR (XNOR)Gate

a) Gate Symbol, Boolean


Equation & Truth Table

b) Timing Diagram

DIP and SOIC packages

XNOR

1
0
0
1

A B AB A B
a) Gate Symbol, Boolean Equation

9/16/2015

Universality of Gates(1)

Universality of Gates(2)

NAND Gate

NOR Gate

Examples : Logic Gates IC

Performance Characteristics and Parameters


Propagation delay Time
High-speed logic has a short pdt.
DC Supply Voltage (VCC)
Power Dissipation
Lower power diss. means less current from dc supply
Input and Output (I/O) Logic Levels

NOT gate

AND gate

Note : x is referring to family/technology (eg : AS/ALS/HCT/AC etc.)

Speed-Power product
Fan-Out and Loading

9/16/2015

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
BooleanOperations&expression
Laws&rulesofBooleanalgebra
DeMorgansTheorems
Booleananalysisoflogiccircuits
SimplificationusingBooleanAlgebra
StandardformsofBooleanExpressions
BooleanExpressions&truthtables
TheKarnaughMap(KMap)SOP,POS,5Variables
ProgrammableLogic

Boolean Operations & expression


Expression:
Variable:asymbolusedtorepresentlogicalquantities(1or0)
Eg.:A,B,..usedasvariable

Complement:inverseofvariableandindicatedbybarovervariable
Eg.:

Operation:
BooleanAdditionequivalenttotheORoperation
Eg.:X=A+B

BooleanMultiplicationequivalenttotheANDoperation

Eg.:X=AB

A
B

Commutative Law of Addition

Laws & Rules


of Boolean algebra

Commutative law of addition,


A+B = B+A
the order of ORing does not matter.

9/16/2015

Commutative Law of
Multiplication

AssociativeLawofAddition

Commutative law of Multiplication


AB = BA
the order of ANDing does not matter.

Associative law of addition


A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
The grouping of ORed variables does not matter

Associative Law of Multiplication

Distributive Law

Associativelawofmultiplication
A(BC)=(AB)C
ThegroupingofANDedvariablesdoesnotmatter

A(B+C)=AB+AC

(A+B)(C+D) = AC + AD + BC + BD

9/16/2015

Boolean Rules (1)


1) A + 0 = A
Mathematically if you add O you have changed nothing
In Boolean Algebra ORing with 0 changes nothing

Boolean Rules (3)


3) A 0 = 0
Inmathif0ismultipliedwithanythingyouget
0.IfyouANDanythingwith0youget0

Boolean Rules (2)


2) A + 1 = 1
ORingwith1mustgivea1sinceifanyinputis
1anORgatewillgivea1

Boolean Rules (4)


4) A 1 = A
ANDinganythingwith1willyieldtheanything

9/16/2015

Boolean Rules (5)


5) A + A = A

Boolean Rules(6)
6) A + A = 1

EitherAorAmustbe1soA+A=1
ORingwithitselfwillgivethesameresult

Boolean Rules(7)
7) A A = A
ANDingwithitselfwillgivethesameresult

Boolean Rules(8)
8) A A = 0
IndigitalLogic1=0and0=1,soAA=0since
oneoftheinputsmustbe0.

9/16/2015

Boolean Rules(9)
9) A = A
IfyouNOTsomethingtwiceyouarebackto
thebeginning

Boolean Rules(10)
10) A + AB = A
Proof:
A + AB = A(1 + B)

Boolean Rules(11)
11) A + AB = A + B
IfAis1theoutputis1,IfAis0theoutputisB
Proof :
A + AB = (A + AB) + AB

DISTRIBUTIVE LAW

= A1

RULE 2: (1+B)=1

=A

RULE 4: A1 = A

Boolean Rules(12)
12) (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC
Proof :
(A + B)(A +C) = AA + AC +AB +BC

DISTRIBUTIVE LAW

RULE 10

= A + AC + AB + BC

RULE 7

= (AA +AB) + AB

RULE 7

= A(1 + C) +AB + BC

FACTORING

= AA + AB + AA +AB

RULE 8

= A.1 + AB + BC

RULE 2

= (A + A)(A + B)

FACTORING

= A(1 + B) + BC

FACTORING

= 1(A + B)

RULE 6

= A.1 + BC

RULE 2

RULE 4

= A + BC

RULE 4

=A+B

9/16/2015

END OF BOOLEAN
THEOREM

10

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