Pointer To Function

Pointers and Memory Addresses
Pointers
Used to hold memory addresses
myDatao
3000
myData1
4000
myData2
4200
myDatan
5000
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Declare and initialize an integer variable
int j = 3;
This allocates 16 bits of memory and

places the value 3 (0003H) into those 16
bits
3000
3010
3020
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Declare and initialize a pointer to an integer variable.

int * pa;
Assign it the address of j.
pa = &j;
pa now holds the address of j in memory.
pa
3000
3010
3020
Declare a second integer variable.

int a;
Assign it the value of j to it.
a = *pa;
pa
3000
0003
Declare and initialize a third integer variable.

int b = 4;
Assign its value to j.
*pa = b;
pa
3000
0004
/*
* A First Look at Pointers
*
* Playing with pointers.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=1, y=2, z;
int *pa;
/* pa is a pointer to int */
pa = &x;
/* pa now points to x */
z = *pa;
printf (The value of z is: %i\n, *pa);
/* z is now 1 */
*pa = y;
printf (The value of x is: %i\n, *pa);
/* x is now 2 */
(*pa)++;
printf (The value of x is: %i\n, *pa);
/* x is now 3 */
return 0;
}
C pointers advance in increments of the

size of the thing pointed to.
int* intPtr = &myInt;

float* floatPtr = &myFloat;
Let
intPtr point to memory address 3000
floatPtr point to memory address 4000
intPtr + 1
gives 3010
or
intPtr++
gives 3010
floatPtr + 1 gives 4020

or
floatPtr++ gives 4020
Consider the following expressions:
*pa = 0003;
*(pa++) = 0010;
*(pa + 1) = 0010;
*pa + 1 = ?
pa
3000
Pointer Arithmetic
Cannot
Add Pointers
Multiply Pointers
Divide Pointers
Multiply by Scalar
Divide by Scalar
Can
Subtract Pointers
Add Scalar
Finding the midpoint in an array.......
Know
First Address
Last Address
Compute the number of bytes above and

below the midpoint:
(highAddress - lowAddress) / 2
Compute the midpoint:
lowAddress + (highAddress - lowAddress) / 2
10
Pointer Comparison
Legal Comparisons:
==, !=
Determine if the two pointers do or
do not point to the same address
<, <=, >=, >

Determine if the two pointers point to
higher or lower addresses
11
Arrays
An array is a group of consecutive memory
locations that are organized to hold a collection of values of a single type.
The values are not named but are

accessed by their position in the array.
syntax
type identifier [ dimension ]
12
type -
specifies the type of elements

stored in the array
identifier -
names the array
dimension -
specifies the number of elements

in the array
The declaration:
int a[10];
Specifies:
Sufficient space in memory is allocated

to hold 10 consecutive elements.
The elements are to be integers.
The name of the array is a.
13
Array Representation
Array Elements
Numbered beginning at 0
Schematically
a[0] a[1] a[2]
a[n]
In Memory at address 3000

a[0]
a[1]
a[2]
a[9]
14
3000 - 300F
3010 - 301F
3020 - 302F
.
.
.
3090 - 309F
Finding an Array Element
For element a[5]
Compute
starting address + 5 * sizeof an int
3000 + 5 * 16 = 3050
15
Accessing an Array Element
The declaration
int j = a[5];
Assigns to j the value of the element

of a[] indexed by 5.
Remember, this is the 6th element
The statement
a[7] = i;
Assigns the element of a[] indexed

by 7 the value of i.
Remember, this is the 8th element
16
Initializing Arrays
Declare a 3 element array
int a[3];
The declaration
Allocates 6 bytes of storage.
Does not set the elements to any value.
17
An array can be initialized in two ways
1. Use a for or while loop to assign a

value to each element.
2. Specify the values as part of the

declaration.
Case 1:
for (i=0; i<MAXSIZE; i++)
{
a[i] = 0;
}
Case 2:
int a[] = { 4, 5, 6 };
18
Pointers and Arrays

An array is a collection of values
a[0] a[1] a[2]
a[n]
Stored in memory as
3000
3010
a[0]
a[1]
3020
3030
a[2]
a[3]
.
.
.
.
.
.
30n0
a[n]
19
The value of a variable of type array is the

address of the first element.
Thus:
&myArray[0]
myArray
To point to an array:
int myArray[10]; /* declare an array */
int* myArrayPtr; /* declare an array pointer */
myArrayPtr = myArray;
To point to an array element:

int myArray[10]; /* declare an array */
int* myArrayPtr; /* declare an array pointer */
*(myArrayPtr + 5) = 10;
20
/*
* Pointers and Arrays.
*
* Pointing to an array and to its contents
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
int *pa = a;
int i;
/* pa is a pointer to int */
for (i = 0; i< 5; i++)

printf (The value of a[i] is: %i\n, a[i]);
for (i = 0; i< 5; i++)

printf (The value of *(pa + i) is: %i\n, *(pa+i));
/* *p++ increments the pointer and is equivalent to *(pa++) */

for (i = 0; i< 5; i++)
printf (The value of *pa++ is: %i\n, *pa++);
/* (*pa)++ increments the contents of the array entry */

for (i = 0, pa = a+4; i< 5; i++)
printf (The value of *(pa)++ is: %i\n, (*pa)++);
return 0;
}
21

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Pointers and Memory Addresses

Used to hold memory addresses

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Declare and initialize an integer variable

This allocates 16 bits of memory and

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Declare and initialize a pointer to an integer variable.

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Declare a second integer variable.

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Declare and initialize a third integer variable.

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

C pointers advance in increments of the

int* intPtr = &myInt;

floatPtr + 1 gives 4020

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Consider the following expressions:

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Finding the midpoint in an array.......

Compute the number of bytes above and

Compute the midpoint:

lowAddress + (highAddress - lowAddress) / 2

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

<, <=, >=, >

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

The values are not named but are

specifies the type of elements

names the array

specifies the number of elements

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Sufficient space in memory is allocated

The elements are to be integers.

The name of the array is a.

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

In Memory at address 3000

Oxford Consulting, Ltd.

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Finding an Array Element

For element a[5]

Oxford Consulting, Ltd

Pointers and Memory Addresses

Accessing an Array Element

Assigns to j the value of the element

/* p++ increments the pointer and is equivalent to (pa++) */

/* (pa)++ increments the contents of the array entry /