Training Manual PMUX

TRAINING ON
NOKIA DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

DMRC
This document and the proprietary information it contains is for the internal
use of Commtel Networks personnel and authorized recipients only
TOPICS
Section - 1
Basics of PDH
Section - 2
Nokia Digital Transmission System
Section - 3
Nokia Management System
Commtel Networks Proprietary
SECTION - 1
Basics of
PDH
NETWORK LAYERS
Data / information and voice applications
Packet data
based services
(IP, FR,...)
Voice (PSTN, cellular)

and NB data services
(64k & n*64k)
SDH lower order
(LO = VC12/VC3)
layer
ATM layer
SDH higher order

(HO =VC4 path)
layer
Optical
(wavelength)
layer
l - based
connections
Fiber/ duct
layer
SYSTEM LAYERS
DWDM &
STM- 16
SDH Network
Management
System
PDH Network
Management
System
Backbone Layer
STM- 1/4 Transport Layer

Primary Access Layer
(< 2Mbit/s)
Voice Circuits &
Data Circuits
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE & MICROWAVE

RADIO
PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
Digital Telecommunication System Hierarchies
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchies
Primary Order - 2 Mbit/s (2,048 Kbit/s)
30 x 64 Kbit/s Channels
Second Order - 8 Mbit/s (8,448 Kbit/s)
4 x 2Mbit/s Tributaries
Third Order - 34 Mbit/s (34,368 Kbit/s)
Fourth Order - 140 Mbit/s (139,264 Kbit/s)
FRAME STRUCTURES
Frame Structure for 2 Mbit/s (ITU-T G.704)
FRAME STRUCTURES
The frame length is 125 s, comprises 32 time slots, numbered 0...31. Each time slot contains 8 bits. Information relating to channels 1..30 is
inserted in time slots 1...15 and 17...31. Since the frame comprises 256 bits and its repetition rate is 8000 per second, the bit rate of
multiplexed signal is 2048 kbit/s.
Signaling information is transferred in time slot 16. TS16 can be used
TS0 is used for internal data transfer across a 2 Mbit/s
for Channel Associated signaling. When used for CAS, it establishes a
connection (frame alignment, alarms and supervision data). Bits
64 kbit/s bus, which is divided into smaller paths keeping the
2...8 of TS0 are replaced with the frame alignment signal
multiframe alignment signal as a reference point. The multiframe
0011011 in every other frame. Frame alignment is considered
consists of 16 successive frames, numbered 0...15. The multiframe
lost when the bit B2 in the received time slot TS0 is in error three
alignment signal 0000 indicates the beginning of the multiframe.
times in succession in those frames that do not contain frame
These four bits are located in bit locations 1...4 of time slot TS16 in
alignment signal.
frame 0. The signalling bits ai, bi, ci, di (i=1...15) corresponding to

time slots TS1TS15
PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
140 Mbit/s
MUX
140 Mbit/s
MUX
34
Mbit/s
MUX
34
Mbit/s
MUX
8
Mbit/s
MUX
8
Mbit/s
MUX
2
Mbit/s
MUX
2
Mbit/s
MUX
SECTION - 2
Nokia Digital
Transmission
System
10
19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01
19 NDM
SUBRACK
T37870.01
11
The subrack consists of a chassis, a motherboard, a front cover and mounting accessories for use when required.
The subrack chassis is made of stainless steel.
Cabling requires a space of at least 25 mm (or 0.5 U in IEC 19" rack) above and below the subrack.
The subrack must be situated in a weather-proof location, either indoors or in an outdoor cabinet. The subrack can be
installed in 19" (450 mm) racks, see figure below. By using mounting accessories included in the product it can also be
installed in 500 mm ETSI-type racks. Air deflectors can be mounted above and below the subracks as required.
The external battery voltages are connected to the subrack through either a NDM DC unit (NDU), NDM AC/DC Unit (NAU)
or a Rack Power Supply Adapter (RPSA) via an NDM DC Adapter (NDA) in the subrack. Also previous rack specific DC
adapters like Enhanced Power Supply Adapter 19" (EPSA 19") or DC-PSA can be used.
The subrack can house:

16 plug-in units (25 mm/5 T) + 1 Power Unit (39 mm 8T)
Units which comprise only one card and have no special
requirements concerning unit location can be fitted into any of
the four sections of the motherboard.
1U = 44.45 mm
1T = 5.08 mm
12
The motherboard of the subrack can be considered as being split into four sections. Each section consists of four
unit locations.
The section borders are indicated with a dashed line in the figure above.
By using jumpers the sections can be joined to create larger sections.
The subrack allows installation up to 4 x DB2 Multiplexer.
The slot no. 17 is used for NDU/NAU.
It is therefore possible to split the 17- slot motherboard into two, three or four sections. 8 -slot motherboard
can be split into two sections.
13
DB2B with 2 Ch. Units can be
installed in slot 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 & 1316.
DM2+ with 3 Ch. Units can be

installed in slot 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 and
13-15.
14
NDA
T37884.01
NDU
T37882.01
NAU
T37883.01
Power Supply Alternatives

Code
Description
T37882.01
NDM DC Unit (NDU), input voltage 24/48/60 Vdc, max. 10 A.
T37883.01
NDM AC/DC Unit (NAU), input voltage 100-240 Vac, max. 3,6 A. NAU contains two AC/DC modules.
T37884.01
NDM DC Adapter (NDA), input voltage 24/48/60 Vdc, max. 10 A.

Subrack interface for RPSA+RPM+ALM, DC-PSA or EPSA
T37880.01
Rack Power Supply Adapter (RPSA) used as the enclosure for RPM T37881.01and ALM T37884.01
15
NOKIA DM2 PRIMARY TERMINAL MULTIPLEXER
NOKIA
DIGITAL
TERMINAL
MULTIPLEX
EQUIPMENT
DM2+
TC 21116
16
NOKIA DM2+ PRIMARY ORDER TERMINAL MULTIPLEXER
Key features
Fulfils the relevant ETSI Open Network Provision requirements for leased line networks.
Comprises a common multiplex unit (MUX) and a variety of tributary units (VF and data).
Allows adding enhanced features simply by adding tributary units, without having to upgrade the multiplex unit's existing
software.
Has a time-division multiplexed bus structure (ITU-T G.704) that allows flexible utilisation of the equipment's transmission
capacity.
Allows each individual VF or data channel to use any 64 kbit/s time slot, several time slots or only part of the capacity of
one time slot. Allocation of time slots is independent of the physical placement of the unit.
With VF channel units, provides an analogue interface with signalling adaptations ranging from subscriber signalling to
various types of junction line signalling. Supports both channel-associated and common channel signalling.
Allows the use of subscriber line testing in subscriber applications.
With data interface units, supports bit rates 0.3 kbit/s 1984 kbit/s in compliance with ITU-T V- and X- series
Recommendations.
All units are managed through the multiplex unit's service interface. Most of the controls and settings can be done without
any jumper modifications.
Software settings are used to set, for example, the following functions:
- Time slot selections
- Level settings
- Impedance settings
- Signalling and data interface parameters
- Loopbacks
- Alarm
17 functions.
BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF DM2+
Voice
Signalling
Data
VOICE
DATA
Dynacard Bus
Functions of DM2
To Generate Tx Direction Clock Frequency of 2048

Kbit/s
Control the TDM occurring in the channel units
Form the Output Signal Frame
Generate the interface signal complying with ITU-T

Recommendation G.703, as HDB3 line coded.
In the Receive Direction are:
Convert the input signal complying

with ITU-T rec. G.703 to agree with
equipment
logic
sections,
disassembling
the
line
code,
generate the Rx direction clock
signal.
Management
Alarms
Measurement
2048 kbit/s interface
Synchronisation
64 kbit/s data
Data Units Include:

V.28 units
V.24 units
V.11, V.35, X.21 units
G.703 units
G.704 units
ISDN & ILT units
In the Transmit Direction are:
18
MUX
Voice Units Include:

VF units
SUB/EXCH units
SUB/SUB units
Functions of DM2
Synchronise to the incoming signal

frame
Control the demultiplexing occurring
in the channel units
Monitor the error ratio of the

received signal and recognise AIS.
Recognise Alarm Indication Signal

(AIS)
Other Functions of DM2
Handles alarm indications using LEDs & Rack Alarm Lamps
Offers an auxiliary G.703 data interface which can be used, for

example,
9 64 Kbit/s data transfer
9 Common channel signalling
Offers synchronisation interfaces (Tx & Rx clock)
Synchronise Multiplexing unit to external source
19

DATA HYBRID OF DM2+
M Interface : Basically used for connecting Service Terminal or NMS to local microprocessor of DM2+
D Interface : Basically used to convey commands, controls to the equipment at the same stations with external 4 wire TMS bus
Data Hybrid : Interconnects M interface, D interface, Microprocessor of local MUX unit & TS0 free bits or TS1-31 which can carry
service channel in the Main signal.
Data Hybrid Not In Use
MI, DI & Service Channel

connected to each other
20
DI to 2M interface
MI, Supervision Data of Service Channel

& DYNACARD Bus interconnected
21
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
22
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
23
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
24
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
25
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
26
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
27
DM2+ SERVICE MENU
28
DM2+ TROUBLE SHOOTING

If the alarm message is
Then.
Power Supply Fault
Check the voltages and ground connections
Installation Error
Check that the units in the configuration have been installed with
software installation. If not, install missing units. Another possible
fault can be found in unit location strappings.
Missing Unit
Check that all the units in the configuration are firmly in their slots
Equipment Reset
Wait a moment alarm typically clears by itself
No incoming 2M signal
Check the incoming main signal cable connection and line system
attenuation.
AIS 2M
Check the far-end transmitter, possible higher order multiplexers

and line system for faults.
Frame Alignment Lost
Check the far-end transmitter, possible higher order multiplexers,

line system, CRC settings and network synchronization for faults.
BER>1E-3
Check the far-end transmitter and line for faults.
CRC Multiframe Lost
Check the CRC setting. Both ends of the point-to-point

connection must have CRC check either ON or OFF.
Far-end Alarm
Check the far-end for alarms and act accordingly.
29
NOKIA DB2 PRIMARY DROP/INSERT MULTIPLEXER
NOKIA
DIGITAL
BRANCHING
MULTIPLEX
EQUIPMENT
DB2
TU 24001/2
TU 24010/1
30
31

Key features
Comprises of B2 & X2 units and a variety of tributary units (VF and data).
Can be used as Drop/Insert in un-protected or Loop Protected equipment
Cross connection granularity : n x 8 kbit/s
Allows adding enhanced features simply by adding tributary units, without having to upgrade the multiplex unit's existing
software.
Has a time-division multiplexed bus structure (ITU-T G.704) that allows flexible utilisation of the equipment's transmission
capacity.
Allows each individual VF or data channel to use any 64 kbit/s time slot, several time slots or only part of the capacity of
one time slot. Allocation of time slots is independent of the physical placement of the unit.
With VF channel units, provides an analogue interface with signalling adaptations ranging from subscriber signalling to
various types of junction line signalling. Supports both channel-associated and common channel signalling.
With data interface units, supports bit rates 0.3 kbit/s 1984 kbit/s in compliance with ITU-T V- and X- series
Recommendations.
All units are managed through the multiplex unit's service interface. Most of the controls and settings can be done without
any jumper modifications.
Software settings are used to set, for example, the following functions:
- Time slot selections
- Level settings
- Impedance settings
- Signalling and data interface parameters
- Loopbacks
- Alarm functions.
32
BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF DB2B
Functions of DB2B
X2 unit:
Voice
Signalling
Data
VOICE
DATA
Voice Units Include:

VF units
SUB/EXCH units
SUB/SUB units
Dynacard Bus
Functions of DB2B
B2
X2
Management
Alarms
Measurement
2048 kbit/s interface
Synchronisation
Data Units Include:

V.28 units
V.24 units
V.11, V.35, X.21 units
G.703 units
G.704 units
ISDN & ILT units
Provide 1x2 Mbit/s interface or

access to time slots via channel units
Realises Timeslot connections to Tx
direction in compliance with
Branching tables
Synchronisation interface for

external clock and provide
equipment clock for other
equipment
Monitor the error ratio of the

received signal and recognise AIS.
B2 unit:
Provide 2 x 2 Mbit/s interfaces (Direction #1 & #2)
Handles alarm indications using LEDs & Rack Alarm Lamps
Perform the settings and control coming via service

interface and command bus
Any direction (1,2 or 3) can be set for In use or Not in use

mode
Controls equipment in fault condition
Control Data Hybrid
Generate Master clock, synchronised to incoming

signal (Rx1..3) or external
Monitor the error ratio of the received signal and recognise AIS.
33
34

Functional Block Diagram Of DB2B
35
NOKIA DB2B CONFIGURATION OPTIONS

UN-PROTECTED DB2B
DB2B with CH Units

Channels can be branched from
both directions of Main branch
without limitation. The types of
branching are:
36
Through-connection between
interfaces 1 & 2
Arrangement of channels
between interfaces 1 & 2
Branching in direction 1-3
Branching in direction 2-3
VF common channels
Digital common channels
37
38
NOKIA DB2B CONFIGURATION

DB2LP
The Loop Protection philosophy involves developing a network architecture in the form of a
physical loop, and being able to dynamically branch channels in either a clockwise or
anticlockwise direction so as to avoid equipment failures or Fibre break in one direction
and maintain high system availability.
The DB-2LP dynamically selects an available path through the loop configuration.
Loop Protection is provided on 64kbps channel level.
The protection is channel specific and, depending on the transmission capacity available
and the use of the connections, concern all or some of the channels in the system.
39
B0 (1 2)
B1 (1 3)
B2 (2 3)
S2
C2
S0
C0
Y1/2/3
M1/2
40
S1
C1
DATA HYBRID OF DB2B

M Interface : Basically used for connecting Service Terminal or NMS to local microprocessor of DM2+
D Interface : Basically used to convey commands, controls to the equipment at the same stations with external 4
wire TMS bus
Data Hybrid : Interconnects M interface, D interface, Microprocessor of local MUX unit & TS0 free bits which can carry
service channel in the Main signal.
41
The Data Channels interfaces are formed by

free bits b5-b8 of Timeslot 0 of each 2M
directions.
Data channel operates on sampling principle at 4,8,

or 16 KHz, depending on the number of bits used.
Usage and the sampling rate are set individually for

each 2M data channel interface.
DH ON enables both DI & MI permanently
42
MI : Maintenance Interface
DI : Data Channel
PA1/PA2: Programmable
Alarm Outputs
RLSS: Received 2.048

Mbit/s Signal, 120 ohm
RLSU: Received 2.048

RLSC: Received 2.048

Mbit/s signal Common
RLSG: Received 2.048

Mbit/s signal Ground
TLSS: Transmitted 2.048

TLSU: Transmitted 2.048

TLSC: Transmitted 2.048

TLSG: Transmitted 2.048

43
MI : Maintenance Interface
DI : Data Channel
PA1/PA2: Programmable
Alarm Outputs
RLSS: Received 2.048

RLSU: Received 2.048

RLSC: Received 2.048

RLSG: Received 2.048

TLSS: Transmitted 2.048

TLSU: Transmitted 2.048

TLSC: Transmitted 2.048

TLSG: Transmitted 2.048

DB2 SERVICE MENU
44
DB2 SERVICE MENU
45
DB2 SERVICE MENU
46
DB2 SERVICE MENU
47
DB2 SERVICE MENU
48
DB2 SERVICE MENU
49
DB2 SERVICE MENU
50
DB2 SERVICE MENU
51
DB2 TROUBLE SHOOTING

If the alarm message is
Then.
Power Supply Fault
Check the voltages and ground connections
Installation Error
Check that the units in the configuration have been installed with
software installation. If not, install missing units. Another
possible fault can be found in unit location strappings.
Missing Unit
Check that all the units in the configuration are firmly in their
slots
Equipment Reset
Wait a moment alarm typically clears by itself
No incoming 2M signal
Check the incoming main signal cable connection and line

system attenuation.
AIS 2M
Check the far-end transmitter, possible higher order

multiplexers and line system for faults.
Frame Alignment Lost
Check the far-end transmitter, possible higher order

multiplexers, line system, CRC settings and network
synchronization for faults. Check also the allocation of MCB and
LCB and buffers. The main branch of Master must be in buffered
mode.
Check the far-end transmitter and line for faults.
BER>1E-3
CRC Multiframe Lost
Check the CRC setting. Both ends of the point-to-point

connection must have CRC check either ON or OFF.
Far-end Alarm
Check the far-end for alarms and act accordingly.
Fault in Tx
Check the outgoing signalling bits-forbidden combination

(0000) detected.
Run Diagnostics Test
Run the RUNTEST (TOP,9,7) and check the handbook for

meaning of error code
52
NOKIA DN2 Dynamic Node Equipment
NOKIA
Dynamic Node
Equipment
DN2
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
DN2 Service Menus
61
DN2 Service Menus
62
DN2 Service Menus
63
DN2 Service Menus
64
DN2 Service Menus
65
DN2 Service Menus
66
DN2 Service Menus
67
DN2 Service Menus
68
DN2 Service Menus
69
DN2 Service Menus
70
DN2 Service Menus
71
DN2 Service Menus
72
DN2 Service Menus
73
NOKIA CHANNEL UNITS
Data Interface Unit : DIU 0.6..19.2k, V.28/V.11
Subscriber/Subscriber Channel unit : SUB/SUB
Data Interface Unit : DIU 64k, X.21
Voice Frequency Channel unit : VF E&M
Subscriber/Exchange Channel unit :

SUB/EXCH
74
NOKIA CHANNEL UNITS
DATA INTERFACE
UNIT
DIU 19.2K,
V.28/V.11
TU 24021.01
75
Data Interface Unit : DIU 19.2k, V.28/V.11 - TU 24021.01

DIU 19.2k, V.28 CHANNEL UNIT : TU 24021
The 5T size card consists of 8 x V.28/V.11, Asynchronous interfaces.
The DIU channels are configurable for different Async. data rates such as 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200
bit/s.
The DIU channel uses 1,2,4 or 8 bits of timeslot for data communication depending upon the type of coding and
data rate.
Each card has on-board DC/DC convertor & operates in range of 20 VDC to 72 VDC.
The DIU card has 2 Mbit/s bus interface for establishing connection to DM2, DB2B or DN2 equipment.
All the channels are fully programmable for following characteristics:
9 Channel Use
9 Channel time slot allocation 1-15 & 17-31
9 Operating Mode Selection: Sampling, Sampling & Filtering, Transition Coding
9 Channel Loopbacks
9 Loopback Timeouts
9 Monitoring of data
The typical applications are:
9 SCADA RTU & Master connectivity
9 Data communication for other type of applications
76
77
8 x V.28/V.11, Asynchronous channels
Tx, Rx & Gnd signals
Operating Voltage: -20 -72 VDC
Power Consumption < 4 W
OPERATING MODES
Use Bit masking to define the bits to be used for data

transmission (mask with 1 for using and 0 for not using).
Bit mask is ANDed with actual data bits.
CCITTR.111
78
LOOPBACKS
Loop to Interface (L1): Data coming from V.28 interface looped back to interface
Loop to equipment (L2): Data coming from designated timeslot of the channel is looped back to MUX.
79
DIU 19.2k, V.28: SERVICE MENU
80
81
82
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF DIU 19.2K V.28 UNIT
Power Supply Fault
Step 1:
- Check the incoming voltage level and the unit operating voltages (TOP,7,9,u,1..). Check for abnormality in
measurement.
- Calibrate the voltages.
Step 2:
If the above measures do not solve the problem. Remove the unit and re-inset back into designated slot
Step 3:
If the problem still persists, then there might be possibility of power supply section failure.
Channel fault / Memory Fault
Step 1:
Conduct the testing of channels and memory using ST menu TOP,9,9,u,
Forced Indication
Step 1:
- Check that either RED or ORANGE LEDs are not FORCED ON.
- Using ST menu TOP,5,9,u,2,1 the LEDs can be normalised which should remove alarm
83
Nokia Data Interface Units
DATA INTERFACE UNIT

DIU X.21
84
Data Interface Unit : DIU X.21

DIU X.21 CHANNEL UNIT :
The 5T size card consists of 5 x X.21, Synchronous interfaces (DCE/DTE)
The DIU channels supports to operate in DCE & DTE mode with configurable for different Sync. data rates of 48, 56 & 64
kbit/s.
The DIU channel control signals are transferred in Timeslot 16. The control signals received from far end (in TS16) can be
filtered for 12 ms.
The Synchronisation for PMUX can be generated from incoming 48/56/64 kbit/s clock provided by the terminal equipment.
The DIU card has 2 Mbit/s bus interface for establishing connection to DM2, DB2B or DN2 equipment.
9
9
9
9
9
Channel Use
Channel time slot allocation 1-15 & 17-31
Operating Mode Selection: DCE/DTE, Inverted/Not Inverted Tx Clk.
Channel Loopbacks
Loopback Timeouts

9 Router X.21 Serial WAN interface extension
9 SCADA RTU & Master connectivity
9 Data communication for other type of applications
85
Data Interface Unit : DIU X.21
86
The DATU-E block handles functions

associated with data transmission on five
channels.
9
It picks up from the databus the data

out of time slot allocated for the data
channel concerned, eight data bits at a
time and places data on X.21 line
interface at designated rate (48/56/64
kbit/s)
The data is received from X.21 line and

transmitted in octets into the time slot
allocated for the data channel
concerned.
In DCE mode, contra direction, the

timing 114 & 115 are extracted from
T2M & R2M signals,respectively.
In DTE mode, co direction data received

from DTE is synchronised with timing
received from DTE. Buffering (BUF1 &
BUF2) is used for correction of deviation
between external & internal timing
(local clock slips). This deviation is
corrected by slips in buffer.
The SBUIP circuit transfers control signal

between terminal and the MUX unit. The
processor reads states of signal from SBUIP
circuit at certain intervals and transfers to
Data Interface Unit : DIU, X.21
LOOPBACKS
Loop to Interface : Data coming from X.21 interface looped back to interface
Loop to equipment : Data coming from designated timeslot of the channel is looped back to MUX.
INTERFACE LOOPBACK
87
EQUIPMENT LOOPBACK
DIU X.21 Service Menu
88
89
90
Trouble Shooting Of DIU X.21 Unit
Power Supply Fault

Step 1:
measurement.
- Calibrate the voltages (TOP 9,9,u,1..).
Step 2:
Step 3:
No incoming 64 k signal
This alarm is due to missing received signal or the received clock signal is missing
Step 1:
Check that data cable is connected properly or DTE device is not in power off condition.
Buffer overflow (underflow)

This alarm appears when slip alarm limit has exceeded.
Step 1:
- Ensure that slips are within allowed limits.

- Disable alarm using ST menu TOP,6,9,u,3,n,4,1,1/2,2 Tx/Rx buffer slip alarm disable
Forced Indication
Step 1:
- Check that either RED or ORANGE LEDs are not FORCED ON.
- Using ST menu TOP,5,9,u,1 the LEDs can be normalised which should remove alarm
91
SUBSCRIBER EXCHANGE CHANNEL UNIT
SUBSCRIBER EXCHANGE
CHANNEL
UNIT
SUB/EXCH
TU 21216
92
Subscriber/Exchange Channel unit : SUB/EXCH
SUBSCRIBER EXCHANGE CHANNEL UNIT : TU 21216

The 5T size card consists of 6 x 2W FXO (Foreign Exchange Office) interfaces.
The application is to extend the Analogue extension of PABX to far end.
The SUB/EXCH card has 2 Mbit/s bus interface for establishing connection to DM2, DB2B or DN2 equipment.

9 Channel Use
9 Level setting
9 Metering Signalling Logic
93
Subscriber/Exchange Channel unit : SUB/EXCH
KEY FEATURES
Impulse (Rotary)/ DTMF dialling
Ground Key function regeneration
Forwarding of Polarity Reversal information to SUB/SUB unit
Loop forwarding to SUB/SUB unit
Ringing detection
Metering (12 KHz)
Protection against hazardous voltages (mains voltages and residual voltages due to lightning) by a protection
circuitry
Compliant to ITU-T G.712, G.713 & Q.552 with some exceptions
Minimum Voltage (the Criterion voltage at exchange) : - 43 VDC
94
SUB/EXCH SERVICE MENU
95
96
97
98
99
SUB/EXCH Default Settings
100
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SUB/EXCH UNIT
AIS Timeslot 16 alarm
Step 1:
Check which channel receives this alarm.
Step 2:
Ensure that the timeslot allocated for the channel is dropped from Dir. 1 or 2 in case of DB.
Step 3:
Ensure that corresponding channel at far end station is ON and the timeslot allocated for the channel is dropped
from Dir. 1 or 2 in case of DB.
Blocked from Use or Timeslot Queuing (qn)
Step 1:
Check that same Timeslot is not allocated to other channel of same unit or channels of other units
Step 2:
Allocate another vacant timeslot. In case of DB-2B, the dropped timeslot can be different from Dir. 1 or 2.
Sometimes this alarm appears immediately after allocation of timeslot, however in case of non-conflict, the alarm
clears automatically.
101
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SUB/EXCH UNIT
Power Supply Fault
Step 1:
Check the criterion voltage (B1) which should be > -43 VDC.
Generally incoming supply voltage from charger is used as Criterion voltage source and hence check the incoming
supply voltage.
Step 2:
If the voltage is correct then calibrate the B1 voltage using ST/MSTE (TOP,7,9,u,1,2,1)
Fault in Current Loop
Step 1:
Ensure that DC current in subscriber loop is not excessive.
Equipment Fault
- This indicates fault in EEPROM memory or Unit Power Supply.
102
NOKIA CHANNEL UNITS
SUBSCRIBER SUBSCRIBER
CHANNEL
UNIT
SUB/SUB
TU 21206
103
SUBSCRIBER SUBSCRIBER CHANNEL UNIT : TU 21206

The application is:
The 5T size card consists of 6 x 2W FXS (Foreign Exchange Subscriber) interfaces.
9
To drop the Analogue extension of PABX with SUB/EXCH at far end
To drop the Analogue extension of PABX via 2.048 Mbit/s link to Digital Exchange
104
To setup Hot Line connectivity between two stations
The SUB/SUB card has 2 Mbit/s bus interface for establishing connection to DM2, DB2B or DN2 equipment.
The SUB/SUB unit requires external ringing supply from RING GENERATOR for extending ring to subscriber
telephone
unit.
9 Channel Use
9 Level setting
9 Metering Signalling Logic
105
KEY FEATURES
Impulse (Rotary)/ DTMF dialling
Ground Key function regeneration
Forwarding of Polarity Reversal information to SUB/SUB unit
Ring forwarding to subscriber telephone unit
Metering (12 KHz)
Protection against hazardous voltages (mains voltages and residual voltages due to lightning) by a protection
circuitry
Compliant to ITU-T G.712, G.713 & Q.552
Minimum Voltage (the Criterion voltage at exchange) : - 43 VDC
106
SUB/SUB SERVICE MENU
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SUB/SUB UNIT
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 1:
Step 2:
116
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SUB/SUB UNIT
Power Supply Fault
Step 1:
Check the criterion voltage (B1) which should be > -43 VDC.
Generally incoming supply voltage from charger is used as Criterion voltage source and hence check the incoming
supply voltage.
Step 2:
If the voltage is correct then calibrate the B1 voltage using ST/MSTE (TOP,7,9,u,1,2,1)
Installation Error
- This alarm is due to software incompatibility with hardware.

Step 1:
Ensure that software version is compatible with hardware.
Step 2:
Ensure that two units have not been accidentally inserted into each others slot in subrack.
Equipment Fault
- This indicates fault in EEPROM memory or Unit Power Supply.
117
RING GENERATOR UNIT
RING GENERATOR
UNIT
RING GEN
T37885.02
118
RING GENERATOR UNIT
Ring Generator : T37885.01/2

The 5T size card consists provides ringing voltage to subscriber telephone units.
The Ring generator is interfaced with SUB/SUB unit via subrack backplane.
The Ring Generator is activated by REN signal from SUB/SUB signal or alternatively RING generator can be kept ON
continuously by setting Keyed jumper.
The Ring generator output voltage is 75 Vrms or 90 Vrms, selectable by jumper setting.
The Ring generators ringing frequency can be selected as 25 or 50 Hz as shown below:
119
NOKIA CHANNEL UNITS
VOICE FREQUENCY
CHANNEL
UNIT
VF E&M
TU 21236.00
120
Voice Frequency Channel unit : VF E&M
VF E&M CHANNEL UNIT : TU 21236.00

The 5T size card consists of 8 x VF 2W or 4W interfaces.
Each VF interface has one/two E&M DC signalling channel.
The VF card has 2 Mbit/s bus interface for establishing connection to DM2, DB2B or DN2 equipment.
9 Channel Use
9 Two wire or Four wire VF interface selection
9 Level setting, separately for two wire or four wire interfaces
9 Signalling Logic
9 Balance impedance
9 Extension of PABX VF trunks
9 Legacy voice interface 2W / 4W
9 Omnibus Conference communication channel
121
VF E&M SERVICE MENU
122
VF E&M SERVICE MENU
123
VF E&M SERVICE MENU
124
VF E&M SERVICE MENU
125
VF E&M SERVICE MENU
126
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF VF E&M UNIT
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 1:
Step 2:
127
SECTION - 3
Nokia
Management
System
128
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
NMS/10 BASIC CONCEPTS
Transmission business is very fragmented
9 A lot of different kind of nodes and interface cards

9 New versions and variants are released very frequently
NMS/10 manages all Nokia transmission equipment, and selected 3rd party nodes
Very flexible System Architecture
Affordable and easy to use PC based Management tool
Allows Fast Implementation of Networks
Scalable Solutions
Uses Industry standard Interfaces (SNMP)
Ability to manage the DCN (FM)
129
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
NMS/10 - COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

FULL EMS FUNCTIONALITY :
SIMPLE
Entry level network management

system for small and medium size
transmission networks - fast rollout
FM, CM and PM for all Nokia
transmission elements
Easy to install, commission and use

(familiar Windows environment) Training
investments minimised
MODULAR
ARCHITECTURE
SCALABILITY
-Build as you go
Fast and easy integration of

management support for new
network elements as they are
released
Safe investment: Nokia develops

NMS/10 system for future
PCPC-BASED
Reliable and secure well-known operating environment
Price effectiveness
Fast delivery - standard PC can be used
Cheap system support & low training costs
130
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1 : HP OPENVIEW GUI
IP
IPnetworks
networks
Transmission
Transmission
networks
networks
Integrated management of transmission and IP networks using the

platform from worldwide market leader in network management platforms
131
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
Distributed system:
9 Management Consoles
9 Management Station
NMS/10
Management
Console(s)
TCP/IP
9 Management Agents
Multipurpose Agents are interfaces to the managed
NMS/2000
networks
Management Station includes all centralised functions (DB,
UI)
NMS/10
Management Station
Management Station can be accessed remotely using
Management Consoles
SNMP
Remote use of Node Managers requires WTS - node
LAN TCP/IP
managers are to be installed into agents or a separate server
Internet Access to Agents and Alarms
NMS/10
Management
Agent(s)
SDH
132
SDH
Radio
PDH
XXX
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

NMS/10 Main Station
Proprietary management interfaces

converted to open, standard SNMP
interface
9 Hide differences between different

network element interfaces
Agents can reside in the same PC
Agent tasks:
9 Collect alarms from network elements

9 Store the data in the Agent MIB
SNMP
9 Pass alarms to NMS using SNMP traps
LAN
Node Managers to configure nodes can be

put on the same PC or in a separate machine.
DCN
Adaptor
MF
Q1 Bus
PDH
NODES
133
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
All in one PC solution
9 NMS/10 System Frame and HP

OpenView NNM
Q3
Synfonet
9 Node managers in the same PC
9 Use the same platform to

manage SNMP managed IP
SNMP
products
Note:
DCN
Adaptor
MF
Up to 3 x MF's
with a total capacity
of 5000 PDH/PRE
NE's of 9000 FE's
134
Q1
PDH
PRE
Up to 200 FEs per

bus and upto 600
FEs per DCN adapters
and
total 6 DCN per
one System Frame
- MF is always a separate industrial

PC.
- SDH Synfonet management

requires a dedicated PC
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
When the network grows, new

agents can be added to the
system,Because of the new network
regions, new management sites may
also be needed:
IP
9 NMS/10 can be accessed remotely

9 Other NMS can share the same
SNMP
agents
File Mode Hide Utils Window
View Tampere.fin
IP
Mode Alarms
IP network components can be

managed using the same platform
SNMP
Capacity of the system:
SNMP
Q3
Synfonet
135
NNP
SDH
Radio
Q1
PDH
PRE
Q3
Synfonet
9000 Q1 FE (3 full MFs)
Over 3500 Q1 FE (6 DCN)
300 SYNFONET NEs (100/agent)
100 SDH Radios
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
Upwards:
Open, industrial standard SNMP
interface from Agents to any NMS
supporting SNMP
Other NMS
9
File Mode Hide Utils Window
View
PDH
PRE
Synfonet
136
NMS/10
Tampere.fin
Mode Alarms
SDH
Radio
Downwards: Management of
SNMP managed devices (e.g.
DCN Components)
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Interfaces to other systems
- Alarm spooling
- SNMP
- Email
MW
Radios
NMS/10
SDH
Mediation
Device
PDH
PRE
Current alarm view
Database
Alarm History
137
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Root
138
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Nokia
139
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Agents
140
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Equipments
141
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Sup. Buses
142
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

C.
Alarms
143
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

C.
Alarms
144
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

H.
Alarms
145
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

H.
Alarms
146
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Alarm
Purge
147
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

Alarm
Filter
148
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1

NODE MGR
149
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
150
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
151
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
152
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
153
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
154
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
155
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
156
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
157
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
158
NOKIA NMS/10 C6.1
PM
PMdata
datacollected
collectedfrom
fromSDH,
SDH,PDH,
PDH,MW
MWand
andNT
NT
elements
elementscan
canbe
bepost-processed
post-processedusing
usingexternal
externaltools
tools
DM2/1 ST4
MW
Radios
6
4
2
SDH
NMS/10
98-04-05
00:10:53
01.066.00 DF140/2 ST1
02.0c9.00 DF140/1 ST2
02.0c9.00 DF140/1 ST2
02.0c9.00 DF140/1 ST2
02.0c9.00 DF140/1 ST2
02.0c9.00 DF140/1 ST2
03.191.00 DM2/1 ST4
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
03.191.00 DM2/1 ST4
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
01.067.00 CO140 ST1
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
02.0cb.00 CO140 ST2
03.191.00 DM2/1 ST4
01.068.00 DM140 ST1
01.068.00 DM140 ST1
01.068.00 DM140 ST1
01.068.00 DM140 ST1
01.068.00 DM140 ST1
02.0cc.00 DM140 ST2
Mediation
device
PDH
PRE
159
98-04-05
00:15:53
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
TRANSM
DF140_g821
DF140_g821
DF140_g821
DF140_g821
DF140_g821
DF140_g821
DM2_errors
CO140_resets
CO140_resets
DM2_errors
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
CO140_g821
DM2_errors
DM140_g821
DM140_g821
DM140_g821
DM140_g821
DM140_g821
DM140_g821
CRC
98-04-05
00:20:53
Optical DM
Optical TT
Optical AT
Optical ES
Optical SES
Optical DM
2M
FAE
Cpu
resets
Cpu
resets
2M
FAW
140M TT
140M AT
140M_SAT_A
140M_SAT_B
140M ES
140M SES
140M DM
140M TT
140M AT
140M_SAT_A
140M_SAT_B
140M ES
140M SES
140M DM
2M
CRC
140M TT
140M AT
140M ES
140M SES
140M DM
140M TT
98-04-05
00:25:53
98-04-05
00:30:53
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52 1.17549e-038

900
900
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52
0
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52
13
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52
13
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52
0
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
0
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53 1.17549e-038
15min 98-04-05 00:10:53
899
15min 98-04-05 00:10:52

FAE15min
FAW
98-04-05 00:10:52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NOKIA NMS COMPONENTS
TRANSMISSION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADAPTOR
TMS
TC 21710.01
160
TMS AD : TC 21710.01
The 5T size TMS Adaptor forms an integral part of the Nokia Transmission Management System. It provides a
means for the logical connection of multiple bus masters (i.e. Service Terminal, TMC, PC-TMC) to a single TMS
Service Bus.
The TMS Adaptor has three ports viz. Port A , B and C. Both Port A & Port B are used for connection of Bus
Master to TMS Service bus (MI) via Port C.
The basic operation of this equipment involves the reception and buffering of incoming commands from the bus
masters (Ports A & B), retransmission of these messages (in order of reception) onto the service bus (Port C), waiting
for a reply, then forwarding the reply to the appropriate bus master.
The TMS adaptor can connect up to maximum 32 Network Elements on Port C service bus. Port C speed can be
higher than Port A & Port B & more than 1200 baud.
The TMS adaptor has on-board DC/DC convertor & operates in range of 20 VDC to 72 VDC.
The TMS adaptor is fully programmable for following characteristics:
9 Port Type : TMC or ST
9 Port Interface Type : V.11 or V.28 or RS-485
9 Port Speeds
9 Port C Timeouts
9 TMS address and NE count
161
TMS AD : TC 21710.01
A1
Port A :
3 x V.11
or
A2
2 x V.11 + 1 x V.28
A3
Port B :
2 x V.11 + 1 x RS-485
A4
or
2 x V.11 + 1 x V.28
B1
Port A : TMC / NMS
Port B : ST
At a time only one BUS

Master in Port A & B
TMS Adaptors must not

be cascaded as this can
cause response delays
which are longer than the
Service Terminal or TMC
timeout.
B2
B3
B4
162
TMS AD : TC 21710.01
NMS/10 PC
TMS Adaptor
Port
A
NMS REQ.
Service
Terminal/LCT
163
ST REQ.
Port
C
NE REPLY
DB-2B
NMS REQ.
Local MI Bus
NE REPLY
Port
B
DM2+
ST REQ.
DF2-8
TMS ADAPTOR : SERVICE MENUS
164
165
166
167
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF TMS ADAPTOR
Power Supply Fault

Step 1:
measurement.
Step 2:
Step 3:
Memory Fault
This alarm is due to failure of memory of TMS adaptor. This Orange LED will glow.
Step 1:
Check that by re-inserting the unit whether alarm goes off, otherwise send the unit for repair.
Fault Database Full
The fault database contains at least 277 faults and 829 faults at the most. The minimum size 277 is applicable if the NEs
contains several FEs and each FE gives one fault. Currently only the Supervisory Substation (TC 21705) & Flexihopper
contains more than one FE. Therefore, the database size is normally 829. If the fault database becomes full, the TA
issues the alarm database full and the yellow LED is lit. After this the faults of the subnetwork equipment will not be
stored into the fault database of the TMS Adaptor before earlier faults are removed to create space for new faults
Step 1:
Reset the TMS Adaptor by the Port type menu function (e.g. for Port A 6,2,1,1 Port type TMC or 6,2,1,2 Port type
ST)
168
TROUBLE SHOOTING OF TMS ADAPTOR
I am not able to access any NE connected to TMS adaptor
It is assumed that you have direct access to TMS adaptor and the installation is existing meaning no wiring problem in the
TMN network. Also there is no alarm in TMS adaptor such as Database Full and you are able to access the TMS adaptor
directly.
Step 1:
-
Check that Green LED of TMS Adaptor is flashing (Generally Port A connected NMS, flashes Green LED on activity).
Step 2:
-
Connect ST to Port B. Check the speeds & Port Type of Port A and B for correctness as per design value. (Generally
Port A is TMC type @9600 baud and Port B is Service Terminal type @ 4800 baud)
Step 3:
-
Check by isolating the Q1 DCC path from East side & then West side.
Step 4:
-
Check that NE address is within TMS Adaptors own address + NE count range.
Step 5:
-
Re-insert the TMS adaptor.
169
Many Thanks
Indeed !!!
www.commtelnetworks.com
170

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What are the different digital telecommunication system hierarchies discussed?

What are the different digital telecommunication system hierarchies discussed?

What are the different orders in Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy?

What are the different orders in Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy?

TRAINING ON

NOKIA DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Commtel Networks Proprietary

Commtel Networks Proprietary

Voice (PSTN, cellular)

SDH higher order

Commtel Networks Proprietary

STM- 1/4 Transport Layer

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE & MICROWAVE

Commtel Networks Proprietary

PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY

Digital Telecommunication System Hierarchies

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchies

Primary Order - 2 Mbit/s (2,048 Kbit/s)

Second Order - 8 Mbit/s (8,448 Kbit/s)

120 x 64 Kbit/s Channels

Third Order - 34 Mbit/s (34,368 Kbit/s)

480 x 64 Kbit/s Channels

Fourth Order - 140 Mbit/s (139,264 Kbit/s)

1920 x 64 Kbit/s Channels

Commtel Networks Proprietary

Commtel Networks Proprietary

Signaling information is transferred in time slot 16. TS16 can be used

TS0 is used for internal data transfer across a 2 Mbit/s

for Channel Associated signaling. When used for CAS, it establishes a

connection (frame alignment, alarms and supervision data). Bits

64 kbit/s bus, which is divided into smaller paths keeping the

2...8 of TS0 are replaced with the frame alignment signal

multiframe alignment signal as a reference point. The multiframe

0011011 in every other frame. Frame alignment is considered

consists of 16 successive frames, numbered 0...15. The multiframe

alignment signal 0000 indicates the beginning of the multiframe.

times in succession in those frames that do not contain frame

frame 0. The signalling bits ai, bi, ci, di (i=1...15) corresponding to

Commtel Networks Proprietary

PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY

Commtel Networks Proprietary

Commtel Networks Proprietary

19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01

Commtel Networks Proprietary

19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01

The subrack can house:

Commtel Networks Proprietary

19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01

Commtel Networks Proprietary

19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01

DB2B with 2 Ch. Units can be

installed in slot 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 & 1316.

DM2+ with 3 Ch. Units can be

Commtel Networks Proprietary

19 NDM SUBRACK T37870.01

Power Supply Alternatives

NDM DC Unit (NDU), input voltage 24/48/60 Vdc, max. 10 A.