The Mythology of Narcissism: Pathology of The Consumer Age

THE MYTHOLOGY OF
NARCISSISM
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES BY PETER FRITZ WALTER
THE LAW OF EVIDENCE
THE RESTRICTION OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND WELLNESS TECHNIQUES
CONSCIOUSNESS AND SHAMANISM
CREATIVE PRAYER
SOUL JAZZ
THE EGO MATTER
THE STAR SCRIPT
THE LUNAR BULL
BASICS OF MYTHOLOGY
BASICS OF FENG SHUI
POWER OR DEPRESSION?
THE MYTHOLOGY OF NARCISSISM

THE MYTHOLOGY
OF NARCISSISM
PATHOLOGY OF THE CONSUMER AGE
by Peter Fritz Walter

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About Dr. Peter Fritz Walter

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About the Author
Parallel to an international law career in Germany, Switzer-

land and the United States, Dr. Peter Fritz Walter (Pierre) fo-
cused upon fine art, cookery, astrology, musical perform-
ance, social sciences and humanities.
He started writing essays as an adolescent and received a

high school award for creative writing and editorial work for
the school magazine.
After finalizing his law diplomas, he graduated with an LL.M.

in European Integration atSaarlandUniversity, Germany, and
with a Doctor of Law title from University of Geneva, Switzer-
land, in 1987.
He then took courses in psychology at theUniversity of Ge-

nevaand interviewed a number of psychotherapists in Lau-
sanne and Geneva, Switzerland. His interest was intensified
through a hypnotherapy with an Ericksonian American hyp-
notherapist in Lausanne. This led him to the recovery and
healing of his inner child.
In 1986, he met the late French psychotherapist and child
psychoanalystFranoise Dolto (1908-1988)in Paris and inter-
viewed her. A long correspondence followed up to their en-
counter which was considered by the curators of the Dolto
Trust interesting enough to be published in a book along-
side all of Doltos other letter exchanges byGallimard Pub-
lishers in Paris, in 2005.
After a second career as a corporate trainer and personal

coach, Pierre retired as a full-time writer, philosopher and
consultant.
His nonfiction books emphasize a systemic, holistic, cross-

cultural and interdisciplinary perspective, while his fiction
works and short stories focus upon education, philosophy,
perennial wisdom, and the poetic formulation of an integra-
tive worldview.
Pierre is a German-French bilingual native speaker and

writes English as his 4th language after German, Latin and
French. He also reads source literature for his research works
in Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Dutch. In addition, Pierre
has notions of Thai, Khmer, Chinese and Japanese.
All of Pierres books are hand-crafted and self-published,

designed by the author. Pierre publishes via his Delaware
company, Sirius-C Media Galaxy LLC, and under the imprints
of IPUBLICA and SCM (Sirius-C Media).
Pierres Amazon Author Page
http://www.amazon.com/Peter-Fritz-Walter/e/B00M2QN4SU
Pierres Blog
https://medium.com/@pierrefwalter/publications/
Contents
Introduction 9
Why Studying Narcissism?
Chapter One 11
What is Narcissism?
The Overall Behavior Pattern 11
How to Identify Narcissism? 15
Chapter Two 19
Narcissism and Soul
Chapter Three 29
The Origin of Narcissism
Chapter Four 35
The Performance Paradigm
BIBLIOGRAPHY 47
Contextual Bibliography
Personal Notes 69
The secret of healing narcissism is not to heal it at
all, but to listen to it. () I am stuff. I am made up of
things and qualities, and in loving these things I love
myself.
THOMAS MOORE, CARE OF THE SOUL (1994).

Introduction
Why Studying Narcissism?
I have learnt about narcissism early in life, in my

twenties, at first in the 1970s through some of the
books by Sigmund Freund and Wilhelm Reich and
later, more thoroughly, through the books of Alice
Miller and Alexander Lowen, back in the 1980s.
See, for example, Alexander Lowen, Narcis-

sism: Denial of the True Self (1983) and Alice
Miller, The Drama of the Gifted Child: In Search
for the True Self (1996) as well as Thou Shalt Not
Be Aware: Societys Betrayal of the Child (1998).
Both psychiatrists are since long years specialized

on narcissism and it was through their unique input
and unwavering efforts that today the seriousness of
the narcissistic affliction has been recognized in main-
stream psychiatry.
This was namely not the case when they started

out to publish on this matter, back in the 1970s. To be
true, at that time, narcissism was as good as over-

looked in psychiatry, and was not held to be a serious
affliction.
Today, while health care professionals recognize

the seriousness of narcissism as a psychiatric disorder,
the general public maintains a state of confusion and
misinformation about the very term and the nature of
the narcissistic affliction that I have hardly seen for any
other psychiatric problem.
It is often wrongly assumed that narcissism means

to overly love oneself! If that was so, there would not
be a problem at all with narcissism. But narcissism is
the very contrary of love of oneself, it is the very de-
nial of love of oneselfand that makes that its a
problem.
10
Chapter One
What is Narcissism?
The Overall Behavior Pattern

Perhaps it was a chance that I never bothered too
much about the term itself, as it is confusing and mis-
leads many people. There is about no other subject
where the clash between professional knowledge and
the half-knowledge of lay persons is so large as with
narcissism. Everybody seems to know what narcissism
means, but when you inquire further, you see that
people maintain the strangest misconceptions about
it.
Most people have heard about the ancient myth

of Narcissus that is at the origin of the term narcis-
sism. But what does this myth tell us? Here is where
the misconceptions start. Most people somehow got
a scarce idea and extrapolate from the little knowl-
edge they got, and the result is a standard answer
like:
Oh yes, this strange guy who looked in the water

and saw his mirror! That guy loved himself too much,
he was fallen in love with himself
And then they go concluding narcissism was a

hang-up of people who love themselves too much,
who are fixated upon their own self-image, who are
fallen in love with themselves.
These people just love only themselves, they have
no reception antennas for other people, they are self-
ish and even their erotic love is turned toward their
own person, instead of being turned toward others.
Needless to say that all of this is sheer nonsense.

The very contrary is true.
Narcissism is a pathology where the person,

through deep hurt suffered early in life, is unable to
love himself or herself, and thus lacks even a basic
level of self-love. And what is worse with this affliction
is that the true self of the person, their self identity,
their feeling self, their I-AM, and also their body im-
age, have been buried deep down in the uncon-
scious. The result is that narcissistic people do not
know who they are or, as it is expressed in psychiatry,
they deny their true self.
12
WHAT IS NARCISSISM?
This denial of their own intrinsic being, their char-

acter, their values and oddities, their depth and dig-
nity is what lets them appear like shadow dancers.
They are generally fluent talkers and take up new

ideas quickly, but they do not integrate novelty, be-
cause there is nothing they could integrate it into, as
they are out of touch with their true identity, the fertile
soil of their human nature, their grounding.
I use to call them for this reason narcissistic co-

medians, as they actually behave as if being on stage,
as if life was a huge stage where everybody performs
a rolebut where nobody plays the role of himself or
herself, but always another. A plays B, B plays C, C
plays A. But life normally is that A plays A, B plays B
and C plays C.
People who suffer from narcissism tend to appear

aloof, they appear to float, as if their feet never
touched the ground beneath. There is often also
something Peter-Pan like about them, something
fragile and strangely youthful, often accompanied by
a sunshine smile that seems to suggest that they
know no sadness; while in truth, they are the saddest
people on earth, only that they cant even feel their
13
sadness, alienated as they are from their feelings, be-

cause they have repressed their deepest emotions.
In exchanges with narcissists I also found that they

often deny the reality of emotions, trying to grasp all
of reality with their pure intellectthat usually works
brilliantly well. But that makes that they are truly al-
ienated from humanity because they more or less
consciously discard the irrational out of the world. For
them, all must be rational, clear and straight, and they
tend to condemn irrationality in people, out of touch
as they are with their own irrationality.
We humans are at times rational and at times irra-

tional. We are as good as never only rational or only
irrational; we are a mix of many qualities and oddities,
and its our vivid emotions that bring the necessary
kaleidoscopic change in our lives so that we are not
for too long rational and not for too long irrational.
But for the narcissist there has to be only rationality,
and all the rest is as it were human weakness
And as they judge what is most extraordinary in

the human to be weakness, they fatally remain with
that weakness and cannot realize their divine poten-
14
WHAT IS NARCISSISM?
tial. The natives would say that these people have lost
their soul.
How to Identify Narcissism?

You can identify rather quickly if you suffer from a
narcissistic fixation or not. Simply check if you play
yourself in your life, or if you are yourself. Check if you
play a role that fakes it is you. Then, when you ask this
question and it rings like But who am I?, you are get-
ting on the right track. When that question feels odd
and strange because somehow you have never asked
who you are, and if in the game of life you as good as
never play the Me-card, then you know you have a
problem with narcissism.
Another reality check would be the obsessional

idea to be altruistic and always good to others, to a
point of self-forgetfulness. Rings true? Why should
you forget about yourself? You feel its a moral duty
to be always concerned about others, while putting
yourself behind? No, its not. But you probably have a
hangup with narcissism, as you are constantly denying
your own self, replacing the vacuum at need with per-
son A, friend B or relative C that you have to help out,
15
to save from bad luck, rape or incest, to heal, to com-

fort, to look after, to console, to protect, and so on.
Narcissism is really not a complicated thing and its

not difficult to grasp. It has been made difficult to un-
derstand through popular psychology that loves to
use strange terms and indulges in expressing simple
facts in a simple way. For example, its much more dif-
ficult to explain what neurosis is or psychosis than to
say what narcissism means and what makes persons
afflicted with narcissism suffer so much in life. They
really suffer!
Narcissism is not a party affliction, not a gentle-

man disease, and not an outflow of vanity, while it is
often belittled as such. Narcissism is an affliction seri-
ous enough to be put on priority by most of todays
psychiatric services.
For when youre out of touch with yourself and

your deepest emotions, you live a life that is not
yours, you live an empty life. This inner vacuum, this
emptiness when its constant, is something that can
trigger other serious afflictions such as substance
abuse, chain smoking, depression, chronic fatigue,
16
WHAT IS NARCISSISM?
alcoholism, anxiety, phobias, and sexual obsessions,

aggression and perversion.
It also can trigger somatizations, which means that

the body gets ill for reasons that are not physiologi-
cal, but psychological.
17
Chapter Two
Narcissism and Soul
Another corner of the literature on narcissism is

what spiritual-minded people say about it. Their ter-
minology is different, and that unfortunately also con-
tributes to the general confusion about narcissism.
I have in mind a particularly successful and brilliant

author, Thomas Moore, whose most famous bestsell-
ing book, Care of the Soul (1994), is not a psychiatric
manual for healing narcissism. It is a philosophical
study for understanding the roots of narcissism both
in our culture and individually, in our lives.
But the problem is one of terminology. Moore

speaks of soul and of lacking soul when he describes
narcissism. His ideas are brilliant, and he points the
finger on the wound when he says that narcissism
cannot be healed through pushing the person into a
growth cycle or by otherwise suggesting the person
to grow up. Thomas more writes:
Narcissism has no soul. In narcissism we

take away the souls substance, its
weight and importance, and reduce it to
an echo of our own thoughts. There is
no such thing as the soul. We say. It is
only the brain going through its electri-
cal and chemical changes. Or it is only
behavior. Or it is only memory and con-
ditioning. In our social narcissism, we
also dismiss the soul as irrelevant. We
can prepare a city or national budget,
but leave the needs of the soul un-
tended. Narcissism will not give its
power to anything as nymphlike as the
soul. (Id., 58-59)
I have coached narcissistic and highly problematic

individuals over the Internet, free of charge, for a pe-
riod of almost ten years, considering this as the so-
cial part of my mission as a coach, and I found in-
variably that they wait for society to accept them, in-
stead of doing the first step and accept themselves!
Moore explains:
What the narcissist does not understand

is that the self-acceptance he craves
cant be forced or manufactured. It has
to be discovered, in a place more intro-
verted than the usual haunts of the nar-
cissist. There has to be some inner ques-
20
NARCISSISM AND SOUL
tioning, and maybe even confusion. (Id.,

60-61)
And I made an astonishing discovery. I had myself

a narcissism problem over many years, starting in my
childhood, and it was not cured with a hypnotherapy,
but I could cure it subsequently, virtually by talking to
the trees. It was almost fifteen years ago when, living
in the Provence, I took the habit to go for night walks,
when I would address speech to some of the trees in
a huge alley with sycamores.
There were three huge sycamores I felt spontane-

ously attracted to, and what I would do, late enough
so that no cars would pass by, was to put my right
hand firmly against the trunk of the tree, and talk to
the tree, either by thinking or by whispering my ideas.
Now, what happened to my surprise was that not

only was I greatly energized through this unique kind
of conversation, to a point to not being tired when
coming home, but also to have dreams where the tree
was talking back to me. And I learnt amazing depths
of wisdom from these dreams!
Now, I was of course very surprised when I found

the following passage in Care of the Soul (1994):
21
I suspect that this is a very concrete part

of curing narcissismtalking to the
trees. By engaging the so-called inani-
mate world in dialogue, we are ac-
knowledging its soul. Not all conscious-
ness is human. That in itself is a narcis-
sistic belief. (Id., 61)
And indeed, through my talking to the trees, I felt

a sudden interest in shamanism and went on a spiri-
tual quest that took me several years. I engaged in a
tedious research about shamanism and went to Ecua-
dor, in 2004, to drink the traditional sacred Ayahuasca
brew.
I left this initiation completely transformed, for I

regained the whole range of magical beliefs I fostered
as a child, and this really has completely healed the
narcissistic condition.
Now, Thomas Moore has put a particular stress in

this book on the danger of collective narcissism and
he investigates deeply in the culture of the United
States of America, to identify it as a narcissistic culture
par excellence. Moore writes:
Nations, as well as individuals, can go

through this initiation. America has a
22
NARCISSISM AND SOUL
great longing to be the New World of

opportunity and a moral beacon for the
world. It longs to fulfill these narcissistic
images of itself. At the same time it is
painful to realize the distance between
the reality and that image. Americas
narcissism is strong. It is paraded before
the world. If we were to put the nation
on the couch, we might discover that
narcissism is its most obvious symptom.
And yet that narcissism holds the prom-
ise that this all-important myth can find
its way into life. In other words, Amer-
icas narcissism is its refined puer spirit
of genuine new vision. The trick is to
find a way to that water of transforma-
tion where hard self-absorption turns
into loving dialogue with the world. (Id.,
62)
When we look at how present-day America, with

its strongly narcissistic government, faces this loving
dialogue, we see that the puer spirit is indeed very
strong. Not only is it strong but Americans somehow
like to choose their presidents among puer personali-
ties, and that may one day result in a fatal outcome!
Mature cultures choose mature leaders, senior

personalities, people who have grown out from the
23
cradle or from an adolescence where Peter Pan is the

dominating archetype.
And it is very interesting that Moore also notes

that curing narcissism involves an expansion of
boundaries:
Narcissus becomes able to love himself

only when he learns to love that self as
an object. He now has a view of himself
as someone else. This is not ego loving
ego; this is ego loving the soul, loving a
face the soul presents. We might say
that the cure for narcissism is to move
from love of self, which always has a hint
of narcissism in it, to love of ones deep
soul. Or, to put it another way, narcis-
sism breaking up invites us to expand
the boundaries of who we think we are.
(Id., 63)
And here again, when we look at present-day real-

ity in the United States, boundary-dissolving sub-
stances, from DMT, over LSD to Marijuana have all
been declared illegal, which shows the degree of nar-
cissism at the top government level in the enlight-
ened nation. Only that the light seems to come from
the wrong source.
24
NARCISSISM AND SOUL
And the enlightened nation is an action nation. All

is action. The major coach-actor of the nation, An-
thony Robbins, performs in shorts, jumping around
like a school boy. When all is action, everybody is an
actor. Not himself. And everybody acts out his or her
life, instead of living it.
This timelessness of the nation, in the sense of

never having time, which is embodied in its business
values, business standing for busyness, is one of the
symptoms of its cultural narcissism that is not a
present-day phenomenon. The action-nation was
born in New England, in the 18th century. When there
is no more time, there is no more soul. Moore ex-
plains:
A neurotic narcissism wont allow the

time needed to stop, reflect, and see
the many emotions, memories, wishes,
fantasies, desires, and fears that make
up the materials of the soul. As a result,
the narcissistic person becomes fixed on
a single idea of who he is, and other
possibilities are automatically rejected.
(Id., 67)
25
Peter Pan resisted to grow up. And astonishingly

enough, Thomas Moore writes that growing-up is not
a cure for narcissism, in the contrary:
But the solution of narcissism is not

growing up. On the contrary, the solu-
tion to narcissism is to give the myth as
much realization as possible, to the
point where a tiny bud appears indicat-
ing the flowering of personality through
its narcissism. () Narcissism is a condi-
tion in which a person does not love
himself. This failure in love comes
through as its opposite because the
person tries so hard to find self-
acceptance. The complex reveals itself
in the all-too-obvious effort and exag-
geration. Its clear to all around that nar-
cissisms love is shallow. We know in-
stinctively that someone who talks about
himself all the time must not have a very
strong sense of self. To the individual
caught up in this myth, the failure to find
self-love is felt as a kind of masochism,
and, whenever masochism comes into
play, a sadistic element is not far behind.
The two attitudes are polar elements in
a split power archetype. (Id., 71)
26
NARCISSISM AND SOUL
When we apply this truth to the Peter Pan nation,

we learn that we have to let them run where they run
and let them break even more glass everywhere in the
world, right? I am not sure if Thomas Moore wanted
to say that because once of a sudden, after having
expanded into collective narcissism, he again speaks
of the individual.
But our daily news about the hero culture really

seem to suggest that Moores analysis of collective
narcissism, that is shared by number of depth psy-
chologists, would lead to an abysmal accumulation of
Peter-Pan like acts, performed as a nation-narcissist
on the world at large, in order to gain depth. I am not
so sure if this psychological solution will work out po-
litically, because even the most optimistic of Peter
Pans around in the great nation may get a hint of
stretching the bow too much and the international
repercussions may not permit Peter Pan to continue
his puer game infinitely
Anyway, from the soul perspective, and leaving

political realities untouched, Thomas Moore writes:
The secret of healing narcissism is not to

heal it at all, but to listen to it. () I am
27
stuff. I am made up of things and quali-

ties, and in loving these things I love
myself. (Id., 73)
This is in accordance with a general soul-based

healing approach that was the prevalent approach to
healing during the Middle-Ages and the Renaissance.
Moore writes:
Robert Burton in his massive self-help

book of the seventeenth century The
Anatomy of Melancholy, says there is
only one cure for the melancholic sick-
ness of love: enter into it with abandon.
Some authors today argue that romantic
love is such an illusion that we need to
distrust it and keep our wits about us so
that we are not led astray. But warnings
like this betray a distrust of the soul. (Id.,
81)
28
Chapter Three
The Origin of Narcissism
In order to realize our personal identity and be-

come whole human beings, we have to be able, still in
childhood, to form an original personal identity. This
is however impossible if we are reared by narcissistic
parents, those namely that are indifferent to the
unique person of the child they have brought to life.
Narcissistic education is one of indoctrination go-

ing together with gradually alienating children from
their bodies. The most effective way to indoctrinate
children with a certain culture is to implant in their
mind a deeply rooted doubt about who they are. This
doubt which creates a vacuum will then be filled with
magic formulas such as Be not what you are!
The next step is to force the child to play roles in

order to please their parents. The main role in this
drama which is the Drama of the Gifted Child, as Alice
Miller called it, is the role of the child as father or

mother of their own parents.
This education that I use to call rearing narcissistic

comedians, is very common in what I came to call, for
this very reason, Oedipal Culture.
My critique of Oedipal Culture is inextricably

woven with my critique of Sigmund Freuds cul-
tural concept of the Oedipus Complex. See Pe-
ter Fritz Walter, Normative Psychoanalysis,
Scholarly Articles Vol. 14, 2015.
This is why narcissism is rampant in Western na-

tions, especially in the United States.
However, there are few researchers who see that

the main etiology for narcissism is to be found in our
child-rearing paradigm. Those who do, such as Alice
Miller or Alexander Lowen, are not representing
mainstream psychology, despite the brilliance of their
work. They have, inter alia, found that education that
typically leads to narcissism is rich in inventing and
executing magic formulas that are given to the child
for so-called good education but that are in reality
perverting hypnotic injunctions. Some of these are
30
THE ORIGIN OF NARCISSISM
Hypnotic Injunctions Recognized by TA (Transactional

Analysis).
These injunctions have been found by TA as highly

destructive for the childs emotional, cognitive, motor,
skill and sexual development. They are voiced often
nonverbally, through implication, through examples
given, through confused and imprecise language,
through reproaches and through comparisons that
may or not be true.
Be adaptable and flexible until self-alienation;
Never be yourself in front of your parents;
Be not child-like, but adult-like;
Be mature in immaturity;
Understand what your parents dont understand;
Be logical and uncomplicated;
Respect your parents while disrespecting yourself;
Mistrust your intuition;
Follow authority without questioning.
I see another etiology of narcissism in lacking pri-

mary symbiosis between mother and infant during the
first eighteen months after birth. Regularly, with
mothers who themselves suffer from narcissism, clini-
cal research found a reduction or total absence of eye
31
contact between mother and child, absence of breast-

feeding or when the breast is given, the mother feels
revulsion, disgust or aggression toward the child; in
addition, such mothers tend to be hostile to the
childs first steps into autonomy, thereby creating in
the child a pathological clinging-behavior that has
very nasty consequences later on in the development
of the child and young adult.
Often what happens in such relationships is that

the mother manipulates the child into a real code-
pendence where she projects her longings for love,
that remain unfulfilled in the partner relation, upon
the child. This then in many cases leads to emotional
abuse, and on the level of the child, a perversion of
their psychosexual orientation into gerontophilia.
Narcissism thus is often the inevitable result of

emotional abuse suffered in early childhood, and that
fact may help to understand the gravity of the afflic-
tion of narcissism.
What this results in is that the person later uncon-

sciously tries to heal the lacking primary fusion by re-
peated pseudo-symbiotic relationships, which are re-
lationships where love is replaced by dependency or
32
THE ORIGIN OF NARCISSISM
confused with dependency. However, since those per-

sons that are invested with that role of ersatz mothers
and fathers can never give the lacking primary fusion,
disappointment and depression will invariably ensue
in those relations.
Narcissism is an inevitable by-product of patriar-

chy, and its etiology is wrong relating: wrong relating
to self, wrong relating to others. It is built on what Jo-
seph Campbell called the solar worldview and ig-
nores the many shadows of the souland thereby ig-
nores its own shadow.
Narcissists, therefore, are tragic figures. They are

tragic in the sense that they run into the abyss without
the slightest idea of what they are doing because they
are not grounded and have their feet in the air, like
the Fool of the Tarot. They are lunatics, because they
have not integrated their own Luna, their Moon en-
ergy.
They are the eternal Peter Pans of sunshine mov-

ies, and present themselves to the public smiling,
broadly smiling, most of the time, but in haphazard
moments you see their true facewhile they them-
selves ignore it.
33
Chapter Four
The Performance Paradigm
We have seen that narcissism can be both an indi-

vidual affliction and a cultural phenomenon, and has
become increasingly cultural or collective with the
birth of the consumer paradigm and mass production,
automated fabrication and streamlined standard edu-
cation that stresses the need for unprivileged access
to consumption.
In the last chapter of this article, I would like to

discuss an area of cultural narcissism that is not yet
discovered by the psychiatric, nor even the popular
psychology literature, perhaps because it is more sub-
tle and less obvious a fact of life in postmodern con-
sumer society.
I am talking about the bias between creating and

performing. To anticipate the outcome of my analysis,
I am saying that creating is not what our society re-
wards and encourages, but performing. Not the crea-
tor is anymore the hero, but the performer, not the

originator but the imitator, not the creative artist but
the recreative artist. Why? Because what is the order
of the day is not assimilation of culture, nor cultural
advancement, but mere recreation, which is more
properly called entertainment.
What is entertainment? A form of distraction, not

contemplation, and thereby a way of of dissipating
energy instead of accumulating energy.
I will try in this last part of my article to give some

flesh to this idea, and also, to illustrate it with some
real-life examples. Let me first try to explain the per-
haps historical roots of what in classical music is called
the performance paradigm.
It all started at the times of Mozart and Beethoven,

and especially Chopin and Liszt, when not, as before,
the pianists played their own works, but became mere
virtuosos who played, as it is today, compositions they
would not be able to compose in the first place. The
change came slowly and gradually, perhaps at around
the time of Josef Hofmann (1876-1957), who set in
motion a totally new paradigm. It was from that time
no more the composer who plays his works, and a few
THE PERFORMANCE PARADIGM
others in between, but the pianist virtuoso, who

played a repertoire, a choice of music, and where he
or she rather often used to adapt the piece to their
own stretch of hands, or would bluntly rewrite a part
of the score for better pleasing the public.
It was common from about that time that pianists

wore special clothes and displayed distinct manner-
isms to attract the attention of the public, if they were
not outright piano acrobats.
With the performer paradigm replacing the crea-

tor paradigm, the whole musical world changed, and
the ultimate results we see today must sadden the
true music lover.
At the same time, the tendency set in that the per-

formance aspects of a composition were validated
higher than the composition itself. For example, it was
very common at that time to play a nonlegato osti-
nato passage in a sonata or fantasy in octaves,
thereby duplicating the notes to play, but at the same
time, reinforcing the sound. It was rather seldom
questioned if so doing was actually justified by the
composers intention.
Here is a good example of this vision of musical

performance of that time, by an eminent virtuoso of
that time, Ignaz Moscheles (1794-1880), himself a con-
temporary of Meyerbeer, Hummel, Kalkbrenner, Cra-
mer, Herz and Weber, who all inscribed into that early
virtuoso tradition.
Harold C. Schonberg reports in his book The

Great Pianists (1963/1987) that Moscheles once wrote
in 1838, when pondering the new music:
I play the new music of the four modern

heroes, Thalberg, Chopin, Henselt and
Liszt, and find their chief effects lie in
passages requiring a large grasp and
stretch of finger, such as the peculiar
build of their hands enables them to
execute. I grasp less, but then I am not
of a grasping school. With all my admi-
ration for Beethoven, I cannot forget
Mozart, Cramer and Hummel. Have they
not written much that is noble, with
which I have been familiar from early
years? Just now the new manner finds
more favor, and I endeavor to pursue
the middle course between the two
schools, by never shrinking from any dif-
ficulty, never despising the new effects,
and withal retaining the best elements

of the old traditions.
Moscheles believed that music had reached its

Golden Age during the period Bach to Beethoven,
and was suspicious of the virtuoso performance para-
digm as it was shown exemplarily by Chopin, Wagner,
Liszt, Busoni, Godowsky and Berlioz.
Interestingly enough, one of the greatest expo-

nents of the virtuoso paradigm, Franz Liszt (1811-
1886), whose real Hungarian name was Franz Ritter
von Liszt-Ferenc, was himself not a virtuoso in the
sense that he was tastelessly modifying compositions
not his own, to fit them to his own gusto. It was long
unknown to what point Liszt was actually in this re-
spect a man of the 20th century, who deeply respected
the original score and intention of the composer, a
fact that was mainly brought to our knowledge by one
of the greatest Liszt interprets ever on this globe, the
late Chilean pianist and nobleman Claudio Arrau
(1903-1991).
Arrau said in several interviews with Chilean televi-

sion that Liszt was a person very much ahead of his
time and that his musical understanding was flawless;
and against the myth of Liszt as a ruthless acrobatic

piano executioner, who pays little attention to the
score, Arrau forwarded the subtle image of Liszt as a
person who was meticulous in his intention to repro-
duce the original vision of the composer in its finest
details.
While Liszt, in accordance with the romantic tradi-

tion, was often transcribing music not originally com-
posed for the piano, he even then tried to follow the
composers intention up into the finest details.
Now, the performance paradigm is what came

upon us through this 18th and 19th century musical
tradition, and we see its effects today aggrandized in
many ways. For example, the flow of information to
handle gets larger with every day, just for actually us-
ing all the wonderful features technology offers us in
this modern culture. What strikes our consciousness
these days is the question how people are going to
handle this immense, undaunted information flow
without actually turning mad, by a total breakdown of
the nervous system?
The results are that the culture is going to change

at a level even more drastic than we can imagine
these days. Children grow up with computers they can

touch while they have lost touch with their peers and
parents; touch becomes widely part of the tech cul-
ture, and is unrooted from nature where it was primal
first, and for very precise reasons.
The lack of time phenomenon as a cultural ob-

session takes hold of peoples intimate lives where
with men, it turns the spiral toward large-scale impo-
tence, as shown by newest sex research in Germany,
because of the conception of sex as performance, to
fit it in the performance culturewhile sex originally
had nothing to do with performing something. But
that is how all our basic life functions get molded into
the corporate culture for being validated under the
consumer paradigm.
What can possibly be the future of the classical

music, or acoustic music performance paradigm?
I see a dim picture here as young people excel on

their synthesizers and keyboards they can use even in
the night, with headphones, and can plug into their
laptops and iPhones, transmitting their creations di-
rectly over the Web. Pianos are especially bulky and
the pianist needs a heavy investment for a piano and
the money to pay for a high-class apartment or single

house, because the noise disturbs others. (I was
thrown out of the apartment of my mother, had to do
a court action and lost it, when I was 22 years old,
which added on to my brilliantly eloquent classical
music trauma).
Prices for music constantly drop for classical, and

rise for rock and pop, and some popular jazz, and
even for new age when the artist is popular. So what is
the future of the classical arts?
As the music management has largely assigned

the classical scene to the bourgeoisie of old style, as
this bourgeoisie is currently going to be replaced by a
high-tech, and efficiency-prone new elite composed
of very IT-literate men and women, I see black for the
classical scene of old style, with its expensive operas
and concert halls.
The international handphone technology demon-

strates that modern strategies of business deploy-
ment may simply bypass any of the older systems, in-
validating the former ways of doing in a matter of
years. While still about a decade and a half ago the
German government invested millions of euro to put
all the phone line system to copper lining, which is

very expensive, in Asia or Africa, such expenses have
never been made. All there is simply wireless, while
the quality is of course lousy but nobody complains
about it, because they dont know any better. So, that
means, when you apply that to our culture, that the
development of all of it will be nonlinear, not follow-
ing the traditional ways of doing things.
I see a dim future for the soul values of classical

music because all will be transited toward narcissistic
performance with the virtuoso as the prime laureate,
leaving the composer in the shadow. Young pianists
today may do all of their promotion, using Youtube,
their own web sites, iTunes and whatever and yet the
audience is constantly shrinking.
Still in the times of my own youth, some forty years

ago, it was the older generation who was interested in
classical. I was among my peers the only one who
liked classical music of any kind. Today, this old gen-
eration is basically all dead, and that means the audi-
ence is shifting greatly. The young people also if ever
they want to hear a classical will not pay for it but
watch it on free video channels such as Youtube,
which means they are using second hand resources

because they ignore the power of a first-hand life, as I
call it. The whole culture will shift toward second-hand
productions where the originality of an artist is lesser
and lesser a factor that people want to consider. All
this means that pianists today tend to diversify their
repertoire in order to be prepared and ready to strike,
the day when they see a certain type of music getting
popular, and then specialize in it.
But, of course, the narcissism paradigm is not ex-

clusive to classical music, but also an intrinsic part of
the jazz culture, where its stringently more the per-
former who is validated, applauded and lauded, than
the composition itself. Actually the composition has
hardly any value by itself which is metaphorically very
well demonstrated by the fact that jazz compositions
habitually figure in so-called fake books as simple
musical lines that are annotated with a code lan-
guage, similar to the basso continuo known in Ba-
roque music, which marks and underlines the har-
monization of the piece. It is then up to the skill of the
jazz musician to write out this code according to
valid principles of musical composition.
I find the wordplay immensely suggestive, for what

is content of a fake book is after all fake, when con-
sidered in plain English.
So that would mean that the composition, in total

alignment with the narcissistic consumer culture, has
no more value, and hence, the composer has no more
value, but solely the performer, because its the latter
that was declared as the cultural hero, because per-
formance is better than composition, exactly as in our
culture violence is better than sex.
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THE MYTHOLOGY OF

THE LAW OF EVIDENCE

THE RESTRICTION OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND WELLNESS TECHNIQUES

CONSCIOUSNESS AND SHAMANISM

THE EGO MATTER

THE STAR SCRIPT

THE LUNAR BULL

BASICS OF FENG SHUI

THE MYTHOLOGY OF NARCISSISM

by Peter Fritz Walter

113 Barksdale Professional Center, Newark, Delaware, USA

2015 Peter Fritz Walter. Some rights reserved.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

This publication may be distributed, used for an adaptation or for

The moral right of the author has been asserted

Set in Avenir Light and Trajan Pro

Designed by Peter Fritz Walter

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Author Contact Information

About Dr. Peter Fritz Walter

Parallel to an international law career in Germany, Switzer-

He started writing essays as an adolescent and received a

After finalizing his law diplomas, he graduated with an LL.M.

He then took courses in psychology at theUniversity of Ge-

After a second career as a corporate trainer and personal

His nonfiction books emphasize a systemic, holistic, cross-

Pierre is a German-French bilingual native speaker and

All of Pierres books are hand-crafted and self-published,

Pierres Amazon Author Page

THOMAS MOORE, CARE OF THE SOUL (1994).

Why Studying Narcissism?

I have learnt about narcissism early in life, in my

See, for example, Alexander Lowen, Narcis-

Both psychiatrists are since long years specialized

This was namely not the case when they started

true, at that time, narcissism was as good as over-

Today, while health care professionals recognize

It is often wrongly assumed that narcissism means

The Overall Behavior Pattern

Most people have heard about the ancient myth

Oh yes, this strange guy who looked in the water

And then they go concluding narcissism was a

Needless to say that all of this is sheer nonsense.

Narcissism is a pathology where the person,

This denial of their own intrinsic being, their char-

They are generally fluent talkers and take up new

I use to call them for this reason narcissistic co-

People who suffer from narcissism tend to appear

sadness, alienated as they are from their feelings, be-

In exchanges with narcissists I also found that they

We humans are at times rational and at times irra-

And as they judge what is most extraordinary in

How to Identify Narcissism?

Another reality check would be the obsessional

to save from bad luck, rape or incest, to heal, to com-

Narcissism is really not a complicated thing and its

Narcissism is not a party affliction, not a gentle-