Fourier Cosine and Sine transforms
Consider the Fourier cosine integral representation of a function f(x)
f ( x)
f (t )cos st cos sx dtds ,
x0
0 0
2 2
f
(
t
)cos
st
dt
cos sx ds
0 0
Let Fc f ( x)
Then f ( x)
f (t )cos st dt
Fc (s )....(1)
F f ( x) cos sx ds
.......(2)
The transform Fc{ f ( x)} defined by (1) is called the Fourier cosine transform of
f(x).The formula (2) is called the inverse Fourier cosine transform of
Fc{ f ( x)} Fc (s) and is denoted by f ( x) Fc1 Fc ( s ). Similarly, using the
Fourier sine integral representation of f(x) given by
2
f ( x) f (t )sin st sin sx dt ds, we can define the Fourier sine transform of f(x)
00
denoted by Fs f ( x) as Fs f ( x)
f (t )sin st dt F (s)
s
Then the inverse Fourier sine transform of Fs ( s) is defined as
1
s
f ( x) F {Fs ( s)}
F (s)sin sx ds
s
Definition: A function f(x) is said to be self reciprocal under Fourier cosine (sine)
transform if Fc f ( x) f (s)
Fs f ( x) f (s)
Properties of Fourier cosine/ sine transforms
(1) Both Fourier cosine and sine transforms are linear.
Fc{c1f (x) c 2g(x)} c1Fc{f (x)} c 2 Fc{g(x)}
Fs{c1f (x) c 2g(x)} c1Fs{f (x)} c 2 Fs{g(x)} where c1 and c 2 are cons tan ts
1
(2). Fc{f (x)cosax} Fc (s a) Fc (s a)
2
1
Fc{f (x)sin ax} Fs (s a) Fs (a s)
2
1
(3). Fs {f (x)cosax} Fs (s a) Fs (s a)
2
1
Fs{f (x)sin ax} Fc (s a) Fs (s a)
2
The proof of (2) and (3) follows directly from trigonometric identities.
1
(4). Fc{f (ax)} Fc (s / a)
a
1
Fs{f (ax)} Fs (s / a)
a
(5). If f (x) 0 as x , then
2
f (0) s Fs (s)
Fs{f (x)} s Fc (s)
Fc{f (x)}
2
Pr oof : Consider Fc{f (x)}
f (x)cossx dx
0
Integrating by parts, we get
FC f '( x)
f ( x) cos sx |0 f ( x) sin sx ( s)dx
0 f (0) s f ( x) sin sx dx
sFS f ( x)
f (0) provided f ( x) 0 as x
Also,
FS f '( x)
f '( x)sin sx dx
0
Integrating by parts, we get
FS f '( x)
f
(
x
)
sin
sx
|
f
(
x
)
cos
sx
(
s
)
dx
0
0
sF
(
s
)
sFC ( s).
C
2
(6) FC f ''( x)
FS f ''( x)
f '(0) s 2 FC ( s)
sf (0) s 2 FS ( s)
provided f ( x) and f '( x) 0 as x
(7) FC xf ( x)
FC f ( x) FC (s), FC g ( x) GC ( s ),
If
(8)
then
FS f ( x) FS (s) and FS g ( x) GS ( s) exist,
FC (s) GC (s) ds FS (s) GS (s) ds f ( x) g ( x)dx
0
and
dFS
dF
and FS xf ( x) C
ds
ds
FC ( s) ds FC ( s) ds f ( x) dx
2
which is called Parsivals identity.
Problems:
(1) Find FC e ax , FS e ax and hence find FC xe ax
and F xe
ax
Solution: By definition,
FC e
ax
ax
cos sx dx
2 e ax
2
a
a
cos
sx
s
sin
sx
,a 0
2
2
a 2 s 2
s
0
FS e
ax
ax
sin sx dx
2 e ax
2
s
a
sin
sx
s
cos
sx
, a 0.
2
2
a2 s2
s
0
Therefore,
FC xe
ax
d
d 2
s
2 a2 s2
ax
ds FS e ds a 2 s 2 (a 2 s 2 )2
FS xe ax
2).
d
d 2
a
2
2as
FC e ax
ds
ds a 2 s 2
(a 2 s 2 ) 2
Find Fc e a x & Fs xe a x .
2 2
2 2
Solution : We have from definition,
a2 x2
Fc e
2 a2 x2
2 a 2 x2 isx
a2 x2
e
cos
sxdx
e
e
dx
F
e
0
0
s2
1 4 a2
e
2a
Fs xe
a2 x2
s
s
2
d
d 1 4 a2
s
a2 x2
4a
Fc e
e
e
2 2a 3
ds
ds 2a
Note that
x
1
a2 x2
for a
, Fc e
Fc e 2
2
&
Fs xe
e
xe
x2
2
x2
2
a2 x2
x
Fs xe 2
s
e 2
xe 2 .
is self reciprocal under Fourier cosine transform and
is self reciprocal under Fourier sine transform .
Find Fc x a1 & Fs x a1 ,0 a 1.
3)
Consider x a 1e isx dx;
0
Let isx y or dx
dy
. Then
is
x
0
a 1 isx
dx
is
i 2 (a)
( a )
a ( a )
0 y e dy i a s a (i) s a e s a
a 1 y
a ( a )
a ( a )
cos a i sin a
2 s
2 s
Thus
a ( a )
a ( a )
cos sxdx i x a 1 cos sxdx cos a i sin a
2 s
2 s
0
0
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
a 1
2 a 1
2 ( a )
a
Fc x
x cos sxdx
cos and
a
0
s
2
a 1
2 a 1
2 ( a ) a
Fs x
x
sin
sxdx
sin .
0
sa
2
a 1
Note:
1 1
1
1
For a , Fc x a 1 Fc
Fs
2
s
2
x
x
is self reciprocal under Fourier sine and cosine transforms.
x
Note:
2
Consider Fc f ( x)
f ( x)cos sxdx Fc ( s ).
0
2
Then f ( x) Fc Fc ( s)
Fc ( s)cos sxds (1)
0
1
Interchanging s and x in (1), we get
2
f (s)
Fc ( x)cos sxdx Fc Fc ( s )
0
Similarly, if Fs f ( x) Fs ( s) then, Fs Fs ( s) f ( s).
4)
Find
1
x
Fc
and
F
.
s
2
2
1 x
1 x
Solution: We have shown that
Fc e ax
2
a
Fc ( s ).
a2 s2
a
2
Fc Fc ( x) Fc
e as .
2
2
a x
a
Or Fc 2
2
a x
as
e .
2
1
For a 1, Fc
2
1 s
d
x
Fs
2
ds
1 x
-s
e .
2
-s
e
2
-s
e .
2
Exercises:
1) Find the Fourier cosine transform of e ax cos ax, e ax sin ax and hence find the
Fourier cosine transforms of
1
x2
and
.
4
4
4
4
x
k
x
1
e ax
, a 0.
2) Find the Fourier sine transform of and
x
x
