The SAP GUI Scripting API

How to Automate User Interaction Technology, Examples and Integration

Christian Cohrs and Gisbert Loff

SAP AG

Learning Objectives

As a result of this workshop, you will be able to:

n
n
n
n
n

Benefit from using scripts in your daily work.

Understand the security settings and
recommendations.
Access the Scripting Object Model to collect and
modify data in SAP GUI.
Use SAP sample applications that help you get
started with your own development.
Name some prominent applications built using the
SAP GUI Scripting API.

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Introduction

SAP GUI Scripting

n ...is an interface exposed by SAP GUI.
n can make life easier for users by automating repeating

tasks.
n is a basis for tools that test the SAP system.
n allows client side applications to collaborate.

Availability:
n Shipped with SAP GUI 6.20 and future versions
n Compatible with:
u All R/3 versions currently supported by SAP
u Applications built on top of Web AS 6.10 to 6.40

n Non-Dynpro based applications (BSP, Web Dynpro, ) are

not supported. See note 587202 for known limitations.

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Agenda
SAP GUI Scripting for Users
n Recording and Playback
n The Scripting Wizard

SAP GUI Scripting Administration

n Client Side and Server Side

SAP GUI Scripting for Developers

n The Object Model
n Available Platforms

Existing Applications
n Focus
n Samples
n Certification Process

Summary

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Agenda

SAP GUI Scripting for Users

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Built-in Scripting Utilities in SAP GUI

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Built-in Scripting Utilities in SAP GUI

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Built-in Scripting Utilities: Recording

1. Press the Record button to start recording

2. Execute the steps you want to record

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Built-in Scripting Utilities: Recording

1. Press the Stop button to stop recording

2. Save the script as a Visual Basic Script (.VBS) file to
your file system.

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Built-in Scripting Utilities: Playback

There are 3 ways to run a script:
1. Press the Play button to select a VBS file from the
file system and run it
2. Double-click the file
3. Drop the file onto the SAP GUI window

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Built-in Scripting Utilities: The Scripting Wizard

Selecting the hit test option

helps you to identify scriptable
objects on the screen.

When you move the mouse

pointer over SAP GUI, the Agent
displays the Type, Name and
SubType property values for
any object it finds.

Pressing Copy Id copies the

value of the Id property to the
clipboard so that you can use it
in your own applications.

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Built-in Scripting Utilities: The Scripting Wizard

If SAP GUI Scripting does not

work, selecting the
troubleshoot option may
provide you with a possible
reason

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Troubleshooting Scripting

If Scripting is disabled by
the user, check the SAP
GUI options dialog.

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Troubleshooting Scripting

If Scripting is disabled on the server, check the

value of the parameter sapgui/user_scripting in
transction rz11.

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Troubleshooting Scripting

If Low Speed Connection is

enabled, disable it in the
SAPLogon connection
options.
During a low speed
connection, the names of
objects are not transmitted
Ids do not work

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Agenda

SAP GUI Scripting Administration

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SAP GUI Scripting Administration

There may be reasons to disable SAP GUI Scripting:

n

A script can execute much faster than a user, thereby

increasing the load on the system during its execution.

A script may be used to grab data from SAP transactions even

in cases where a download of the data is disabled.

Users might run scripts they received from somebody else,

without knowing what the script will do.

An application that is installed on the client PC can record

whatever the user does in SAP GUI (no passwords, though).

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SAP GUI Scripting Administration: Security Settings

Client Side:
n Prevent Scripting from

being installed with SAP

GUI.
n Disable Scripting within

SAP GUI.
n Notify user whenever a

script is about to run.

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Server Side:
n Scripting is disabled by

default.
n Scripting can be enabled

for any application server

using a profile parameter.
n Note 480149 describes the

requirements.

SAP GUI Scripting Administration: Password Protection

Password fields are not recorded.

If you need to connect to SAP systems by setting the

username and password, you must store the
password in the script. If your script is a plain text
file, such as VBS, anybody having access to the file
can read your password.

It is recommended that you connect manually to the

system, or use Single-Sign-On.

Applications that do not rely on VBS may implement

their own encryption functionality when storing
password.

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Agenda

SAP GUI Scripting for Developers

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SAP GUI Scripting Object Model

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SAP GUI Scripting Object Model: One Session

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Identifying objects using unique Ids

/app/con[0]/ses[0]/wnd[0]/usr + / + ctxt + RS38M-PROGRAMM

1. Parent object id, followed by /

2. The type prefix of the object (ctxt: combo text field)
3. The name of the object. For dynpro fields this is
taken from the data dictionary.
4. If the id up to here is not unique, then a one or two
dimensional index is added: [1] or [12, 7].

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Identifying Objects using Relative Ids

session.findById(wnd[0]/usr/ctxtRS38M-PROGRAMM).text =
"Hello World"
n

Using a relative Id with findById

makes a script more readable.
n

You may leave out the path

from the application object to the
object on which you call findById.

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Using the ScreenReader Sample to get Id Information

( It may be even easier to record a script and collect the id information

from it. )
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Platform and Programming Language Independence

Common Object Model for SAP GUI for Windows and

SAP GUI for Java
n

The same types of objects are exposed

Same set of properties and methods

The runtime hierarchy is identical

Some differences in accessing the root object and

the lifetime of event handlers

Result: Identical JavaScript scripts may be executed

using either SAP GUI for Java or SAP GUI for Windows
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Platform and Programming Language Independence

SAP GUI for

Windows

Platforms

Languages

Windows 98/2000/XP

Visual Basic (VBS, VBA)

JScript
C++, C#

SAP GUI for

Java

Windows 98/2000/XP
MacOS 9/X
OS/2
Linux, Solaris, AIX
HP-UX, Tru64

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JavaScript

Agenda

Existing Applications

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SAP GUI Scripting Applications: Focus

SAP GUI Scripting works on the User

Interface
n Only those actions are possible that are

available to the user (unlike GuiXT).

n Changes to the user interface can break

existing scripts.
n Scripts are usually only valid for a

given SAP System version.

n SAP GUI Scripting can not replace

more stable interfaces (BAPI, ...).

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SAP GUI Scripting Applications: Focus

Advantages of SAP GUI Scripting over other

interfaces:
n

Many complex controls are supported: Tree,

Grid, Textedit,
n The same rules of data validation and
aggregation apply for a script as for manual
input.

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Existing Applications: Functional Testing

Company

Tool

eCATT
TestPartner
QuickTest
Professional
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Existing Applications: Load Testing

Company

Tool

LoadRunner

QALoad
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Existing Applications: Performance Monitoring

Company

Tool

Topaz
IBM Tivoli
Monitoring for
Transaction
Performance
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Postbank: Central Application Navigator

Transaction volume:
100.000.000/month
Integrating relevant applications:
n OPC GUI

(non-SAP banking app.)

n Microsoft Office
n SAP GUI
CAN significantly reduces the time
required for entering a transaction
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Interface Software Certification at SAP

n

To support successful integration and to ensure quality and

customer satisfaction, SAP offers an interface certification
program through the SAP Integration and Certification
Centers (ICCs) www.sap.com/icc

The ICCs provide a rich set of well documented integration

scenarios that enable third-party vendors to integrate their
software with SAP solutions www.sap.com/icc/scenarios

In addition to interface certification, ICCs support third-party

software vendors by offering integration consulting services
and access to SAP systems for integration testing
www.sap.com/icc/service.asp

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Advantages for SAP Customers

n

For customers, the advantages of SAP-certified

interface software include:
n Faster implementation time and lower integration costs

through the use of SAP-certified third-party software

n Protection of existing investments in SAP solutions as

well as data integrity through the use of SAP endorsed

integration technologies
www.sap.com/icc/scenarios/technology
n Quick and convenient search for all of certified interface

products via the online partner and product directory

www.sap.com/icc

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Advantages for Third-Party Software Vendors

n

When third-party software is successfully certified, a

company:
n

Receives the right to use the SAP tagline

Receives an SAP Interface Certificate

Acquires a listing in the

SAP online partner and product directory
-- a valuable resource for customers and consequently
an opportunity for vendors to market their software
www.sap.com/icc

Satisfies one of the criteria for becoming an

SAP partner www.sap.com/partner

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Certification for SAP GUI Scripting based products

Predefined certification scenarios:

n Computer aided test tools

(certification available, scenario: BC-eCATT)

n Monitoring tools (certification planned)
n Load test tools (certification planned)

For other scenarios the ICC offers certification on

an individual basis.

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Summary

SAP GUI Scripting emulates user interaction with

SAP GUI.
SAP GUI Scripting may be used as a simple macro
recording and playback tool.
SAP GUI Scripting may also be used to enable
applications to collaborate on top of a powerful
object model.
The interface has proven its capabilities in many
productive environment scenarios.

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Demo

Demo

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Further Information

Public Web:
www.sap.com Solutions Technology
Service Marketplace: service.sap.com/sapgui

Consulting Contact
Markus Helfen, Director Test Management Consulting, SAP Retail Solutions
([email protected])

Related SAP Education Training Opportunities

Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2003

UI101:

UI Clients for SAP NetWeaver, 09/10/03, 1:30 PM, 117, Lecture

TEST101: eCATT Functional Testing, 09/11/03, 4:00 PM, 116, Lecture

TEST151: Testing Business Processes Using eCATT, 09/12/03, 8:00 AM, 123,
Hands-on
TEST201: Integrated Testing, 09/11/03, 10:30 AM, 313, Lecture
SAP AG 2003, PA251, Christian Cohrs, Gisbert Loff / 41

Questions?

Q&A

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Agenda

Hands-on Examples

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Hands on Examples

Logon Information (Windows)

n User
: ***
n Password : ***

Logon Information (SAP System)

n System
n Client
n User
n Password

: ***
: ***
: ***-xy
: ***

Please replace xy by the number of the laptop

you are working on, e.g. ***-29
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Feedback

Please complete your session evaluation

and drop it in the box on your way out.
Be courteous deposit your trash,
and do not take the handouts for the
following session.

The SAP TechEd 03 Las Vegas Team

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