B.SC Horticulture
B.SC Horticulture
B.SC Horticulture
(Horticulture)
Syllabus
I Year I Semester
Sl.
Course
No.
Number
1.
FSC 101
Fundamentals of Horticulture
2+1
2.
VSC 101
1+1
3.
SAC 101
1+1
4.
AGM 101
Agricultural Microbiology
2+1
Applied Mathematics
1+1
5.
MAT 111
Credit
Hours
Course Title
6.
COM 111
Fundamentals of Information
Technology
1+1
7.
ENG 101
0+1
8.
PED 101
Physical Education
0+1
9.
NSS 101
0+1
Total
8+9=17
Further reading
1. Bhattacharjee.S.K. 2006. Amenity Horticulture, Biotechnology and Post harvest
technology. Pointer publishers. Jaipur
2. Chadha, K.L. 2001, Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Chandra, R. and M. Mishra. 2003. Micropropagation of horticultural crops.
International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
http://www.horticultureworld.net/hort-india.htm
http://www.fao.org/
Journals
Indian Horticulture
Acta Horticulture
Indian Journal of Horticulturae
Scientia Horticulturae
Journal of Horticulture Sciences and Biotechnology
Unit IV
Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit set and economic part in the families
Piperaceae
(pepper,
betelvine)
Zingiberaceae
(cardamom,
turmeric,
ginger),
(malligai,
mullai,
jathimalli),
Asteraceae
(chrysanthemum,
marigold,
Iridaceae,
Apocynaceae,
Poaceae
(Graminae),
(lemongrass,
Practical schedule
Observation and description of the taxonomy and morphological characters of the
crops in the families
1. Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew), Rutaceae (acid lime, sweet orange and mandarin)
and Musaceae.
This course will help students to understand the course on morphology and
diagnostic characters of plants/families and in turn, it will help to undertake the
breeding of the horticultural crops.
Text books
1. Mauseth, J.D. 2009. Botany: an introduction to plant biology. Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, MA.
2. Spichiger, R., Savolainen, V., Figeat, M., Jeanmond, D. 2004. Systematic Botany of
flowering plants. Science Publishers Inc., USA.
3. Jansi Rani, P. Subramanian, S., Veeraragavathatham and S. Thamburaj, 1997.
Botany of vegetable crops. KRS Screen Printers, Lawley Road, Coimbatore.
4. Gangulee, Das and Datta. 1997. College Botany Vol. I. New Central Book Agency
(P) Ltd., 8/1, Chintamani Daslane, Calcutta 700 009.
5. Genin, A. 1994. Application of Botany in Horticulture. Oxford & IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Kochhar, S.L. 1992. Economic Botany in the tropics. Macmillan India Ltd.,
Madras, 600 041.
7. Madhu Arora, 1991. Dictionary of Botany. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
8. Joseph Y. Bergen, 1990. Fundamentals of Botany. Arihant Publishers, Jaipur
(India)
9. Subhash Chandra Datt, 1989. Systematic Botany Willey Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Bahadur and Achari. 1989. A manual of Botany. Anmol Publications, New Delhi.
11. Sambamurthy and Subrahmanyam. 1989. Text Book of Economic Botany. Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
12. Simpson, B.B. and Ogorzaly, M.C. 1986. Economic Botany. Mc Graw-Hill Book
Company, New York.
e references
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6
.html
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/index.htm
1 +1
Aim
This course aims to introduce concepts and principles of analytical techniques
among under graduate students. It also provides opportunity to develop skill of
students in various analytical techniques.
Theory
Unit I
General principles of analytical chemistry common analytical methods
qualitative and quantitative analysis accuracy and precision of analytical resultsPreparation of laboratory reagents.
Unit II
Volumetric analysis preparation of primary and secondary standards
standardization. Theory of indicators and buffers acidimetry, alkalimetry, oxidimetry,
complexometry and thio-cyanometry.
Unit III
Gravimetric analysis principles of precipitation reactions solubility
product common ion effect conditions of precipitation choice of filters -washing
solutions.
Unit IV
Instrumental
analysis
principles
and
practices
of
potentiometry,
Iodimetry, Complexometry -
results.
2. Preparation of laboratory reagents digestion and distillation
techniques.
of
acidimetry
alkalimetry,
oxidometry,
complexometry
and
and washing
technique.
11. Instrumental methods of analysis- Principles and practices of potentiometry,
conductometry, colorimetry & spectrophotometry.
12. Principles and practices of absorption and emission spectroscopy
13. Principles and practices of chromatography Paper chromatography, Gas
Chromatography, TLC ,HPLC and HPTLC.
14. Radiation chemistry radio activity.
15. Radiation detection and measurement of radio activity radiological safety.
16. Stable isotopes Mass spectroscopic measurements and their application in
agricultural research.
17. Use of radioactive and stable isotopes in analytical applications.
Practical schedule
1. Study of common laboratory glassware and apparatus - dos and donts in the
laboratory- Part I
2. Study of common laboratory glassware and apparatus - dos and donts in the
laboratory- Part II
3. Principles of Gravimetry and Moisture estimation.
4. Volumetric analysis
indicators
5. Acidimetry Standardization of bases
6. Alkalimetry Standardization of acids
7.
8.
9.
Iodimetry
- Estimation of Copper
Counter
17. Practical Examination
Outcome
The students will gain knowledge on concepts and principles of analytical
techniques. They will also acquire skills in various analytical techniques. Further, the
knowledge gained will form as building block for many research works.
Text books
1. Hessee, P.R.
AGM 101*
AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
2+1
Aim
To acquaint students with the basic laboratory techniques and tools of microbiology.
To introduce the fundamental characteristics of various microorganisms.
To enable better understanding of students about the microscopic world around
them.
To enlighten the students with the knowledge of microbial diversity in soils.
To highlight the role of soil microorganisms in soil fertility and plant growth
promotion.
To develop experimental skills in soil microbiology which, include isolation of
beneficial microorganisms from soil and plant and their mass production.
Theory
Unit I History and scope of microbiology and bacterial cell structure
Definition and scope -Spontaneous generation theory. Contributions of Anton
Von Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch, Edward Jenner, Joseph
Lister, Beijerinck, Winogradsky and Waksman; Position of microorganisms in living
world; Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes; Groups of microorganisms; Bacterial size, shape and
arrangement and morphology; functional anatomy of bacteria; structure and
organization of a bacterial cell: Invariant and variant components structure and
organization of microbial cell. Morphology of fungi and algae- economic importance
Unit II Microbiological techniques
Microscopy principles and types; staining of microorganisms-principles;
sterilization and disinfection techniques; principles and methods of sterilization physical methods heat, filters, and radiation; chemical methods; isolation of pure
culture techniques - enrichment culturing, dilution-plating, streak plate, spread plate
methods; preservation of microbial cultures.
Lecture schedule
1.
2.
3.
Contributions of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch,
Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister, Beijerinck, Winogradsky and Waksman Germ theory
of fermentation and disease.
Position of microorganisms in living world; Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
and
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
of
phosphate
solubilizing
microorganisms
Winogradsky column.
15. Assessment of AM fungi colonization in crop plants
16. Mass production of biofertilizers
17. Practical examination
Outcome
and
demonstration
of
Skill
development
in
the
safe
handling,
culturing,
and
staining
of
microorganisms.
Learning the laboratory procedures needed to identify a bacterial culture.
Acquiring knowledge about the factors that influence microbial growth and how
it can be controlled.
Gaining of knowledge of microorganisms in soil by students.
Learning the contribution of soil microorganisms in soil fertility and plant
growth promotion.
Acquiring experimental skills in Soil microbiology which includes isolation of
beneficial microorganisms from soil and plant and their mass production.
Text books
1. Black, J.G. 2005. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, John Wiley, USA.
2. Michael Madigan, John Martinko and Jack Parker. 2006. Brock Biology of
Microorganisms. 11th Edition. Benjamin Cummings. England.
3. Prescott, M.J., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. 2002. Microbiology. 5th Edition, WCB Mc
GrawHill, New York.
4. Singh, T. Purohit, S. S. and Parihar, P. Soil Microbiology. 2010. Mrs. Saraswati
Purohit. India.
5. Subba Rao, N.S. 2006. Soil Microbiology (4th Edition of Soil Microbiology and Plant
Growth). Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
e Reference
http://www.microbes.info
http://aem.asm.org
http://microbelibrary.com
http://www.rapidmicrobiology.com
Kenneth Todar, U. of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Bacteriology. URL (http://
www.textbookofbacteriology.net/).
11. Increasing and decreasing function- Maxima and minima of single variablesPhysical and Economic optimum Applications in agriculture- finding the
fertilizer dosage for maximum yield and maximum profit.
12. Maxima and minima of several variables without constraints.
13. Integration methods of integration and definite integrals
14. Integration by parts -Application of integration in area and volume.
15. Mathematical models Types of models and their uses in Agriculture
16. Linear and Quadratic models-their applications in agriculture.
17. Exponential and Logistic models - their applications in agriculture.
Practical schedule
1. Simple problems in permutation and combination and its applications.
2. Problems Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progression
3. Problems in Matrix Algebra and determinants.
4. Inverse of a matrix by adjoint method
5. Solution of simultaneous equations by Cramers rule & Inverse method.
6. Problems in equation of a straight line and finding the center and radius of a
circle
7. Simple problems in parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.
8. Problems in Differentiation methods of differentiation.
9. Problems in Partial differentiation Homogeneous functions and Eulers
Theorem
10. Problems in Increasing and decreasing function- Maxima and minima of single
variables.
11. Physical and Economic optimum-Finding the fertilizer dosage for maximum
yield and maximum profit.
12. Problems in Maxima and minima of several variables without constraints.
13. Simple problems in methods of integration and applications of definite integrals
14. Problems in integration by parts -Application of integration in area and volume.
15. Problems in fitting linear and quadratic models to data from agricultural
experiments
16. Problems in fitting Exponential and Logistic models to data from agricultural
experiments
17. Final practical examination
Outcome
Students will acquire knowledge in basic techniques that are applicable to
agricultural sciences. Further the course will provide them good introduction to various
mathematical models used in biological sciences.
Text Books
1. Manickavasagam Pillai, T. K and Natarajan, T. 2003. Calculus, Viswanathan
Publications, Madras.
2. James Stewart and Barhara Frank, Calculus, 2008, International Thomson
Publishers,
Singapore
References
1. Duraipandian, 2007, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, Emerald Publishers,
Chennai.
2. Suyambulingom, C and Kailasam, C. 1990. Mathematics for Plant Sciences,
Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore.
3. Mehta, B. C. and G. M. K. Madnani.2006, Mathematics for Economists, Latest
edition, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
4. Veerarajan, T, 2004. Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi.
5. Ranganathan.C.R. 2006, A First Course in Mathematical Models of Population
Growth (with MATLAB programs), Associated publishing company, New Delhi
e Reference
www.mathworld.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mathematics
http://www.sosmath.com/
e Journals
http://www.math.neu.edu/~Suciu/journals.html
CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE statements Microsoft Access 2010
- Query Wizard Query Design - Open Source office automation software
Introduction to Open Office 3.x.
Unit V Programming in C
Programming in C - C Compiler - compilation and execution - structure of a C
program - data types constants and variables Operators: arithmetic operators,
relational operators, logical operators, increment and decrement operators input and
output statements - decision making and branching statements: If, Ifelse and switch looping statements: While, dowhile and for.
Practical
Computer innards: CPU, RAM, ROM, hard disk drive, display, keyboard and
mouse - Operating system: MS-DOS 8.0 and Windows 7 working environments virus
troubleshooting - Word processor software Microsoft Word 2010 - document creation
formatting a document - document conversion : PDF to Word - Word to PDF.
Spreadsheet software - Microsoft Excel 2010 - Creation of worksheets, insertion of
worksheets, rows and columns - Creating bar and pie charts - Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 creating presentation slide show and animation DBMS
Microsoft Access 2010 : create database, create table, insert rows into a table, select
rows from a table, update data in a table, delete rows in a table - search engines : simple
and advanced searching - e-mail server creation of e-mail : create, reply, forward,
attachment and download options - C program to print the formatted text C program
to perform basic arithmetic operations.
Lecture schedule
1. Computer System, Hardware: Input devices, Output devices - Software: System
Software - Application Software - Utility Software.
2. Viruses: Types of viruses virus preventive and corrective measures.
16. Input and Output statements - Decision making and branching statements: If,
IfElse and Switch
17. Looping statements: While, DoWhile and For.
Practical schedule
1. Keying practice using online/offline keyboard tutor software
2. Familiarizing working environment of MS DOS 8.0
3. Familiarizing working environment of Windows 7 Operating System
4. Troubleshooting computer viruses by using an Anti-virus software
5. Creating a document using Microsoft Word 2010.
6. Document conversion using Word to PDF and PDF to Word softwares
7. Spreadsheet creation and manipulation using Microsoft Excel 2010.
8. Creating Bar and Pie charts using Microsoft Excel 2010
9. Creating presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010.
10. Working with animation and slideshow using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010
11. Creation and manipulation databases and tables in Microsoft Access 2010
12. Updating and Deleting a row in a Table using Microsoft Access 2010
13. Simple and Advanced searching of web and retrieving articles from open access
agricultural journals
14. Creating e-Mails : Create, Reply, Forward, Attachment, CC and BCC and
Download options
15. Write a C program to print a formatted text.
16. Write a C program to perform basic arithmetic operations.
17. Final practical examination.
Outcome
After completing this course, the student must demonstrate the knowledge and
ability to
1. Understand and identify the integral components of a computer system.
2. Familiarize the working environment and applied knowledge of Windows
Operating System 7.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_computers
http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Security/Malicious_Software/Viruses/
http://www.office.microsoft.com
http://openoffice.org
http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/c-language
http://www.grassrootsdesign.com/
http://linux.org
http://www.doaj.org
www.esl--lab.com
www.eflweb.com
www.teachingenglish.org.uk
www.eaays.com
www.onestopenglish.com
Volley ball
Ball badminton
Grip, service, foot work, fore hand stroke, back hand stroke, lob,
smash, volley, wall practice, spin service and defence tactics
Foot ball
Hockey
Chess
Kabaddi
Cricket
Grip, bowling, spin, leg spin, off spin, medium, batting, dive,
sweep, mode of delivery, fielding, rolling etc.
Tennis
Table tennis
Grip, tossing and serving, spin serve, rally, smash, flick, defence
and offence tactics
Shuttle
badminton
Gymnastics
Grip, foot work, service, setting, smash, volley, forehand and back
hand stroke, back hand serve and defence
Athletics
Sprit
Medium start, long start, bunch start, set, pick up, finish,
upsweep, downsweep, placement, receiving and exchanging
Jumps
Western roll, belly roll, eastern cut off, Fass Ferry Flop,
approach, Take off, Straddle Hitch-kick, hanging, clearance,
landing, strides etc.
Throws
Grip, momentum, pre shift, sub phase, the wind up, foot work,
entry to the turn, shift, angle of release, follow throw, delivery,
front cross step, rear cross step, hop step, fuck method Pary
obraine, Discoput, rotation, carry and glide
Hurdles:
Finding lead leg, use of lead leg and trial leg, flight, cleaning,
finish. Lead up games, advance skills, and game for anyone of
the above games
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Self involvement and methods of creating rapport with the target group.
10. Awareness campaign on welfare schemes of the central and state government.
11. Formation career guidance group with NSS volunteers and students welfare unit.
12. Cycle rally on environmental protection.
13. Campus development activities clean environment campaign, formation of
plastic free zones.
14 16. Campus development, tree planting maintenance and greening the campus
cleaning.
17. Practical examination.
II Semester
1. - 3. Motivation of rural and urban youth for formation of SHG (Self Help
Groups)
in collaboration with Government machinaries and NGOs.
4. Campaign on ill effects of plastics in the adjoining campus areas Villages /
urban areas.
5. Campaign on Parthenium eradication.
6. Cycle rally on air pollution Vehicle exhaust and other means.
7. Popularization of biogas and smokeless chula.
8. Demonstration on the use of wind energy and solar energy.
9. Demonstration of water harvesting techniques.
10. Demonstration on soil conservation techniques wherever possible.
11. Campaign on Community health programmes of central and state Government
involving Health department officials.
12. AIDS awareness campaign ; campaign on diabetes and healthy food habits and
drug abuse
13. Planing formation of blood donors club involving NGOs.
14. Campaign on gender equality and women empowerment.
15. Campaign on child health care immunization, food habits and child labour
abolition.
III Semester
1. Conducting field days with KVK to popularize improved agro techniques.
2. Conducing seminar / workshop in a nearby village to motivate the youth on
agribusiness (involving DEE, KVK, NGO and local agro- entrepreneurs
3. -5
Practical examination.
IV Semester
01-03. Visit to orphanages and old age homes to look after their needs.
04.
05-07. Teaching NSS volunteers on mediation Yoga and art of healthy living with
trained
teachers.
08-09. Visit of nearby National Monument / Places of tourist importance and campaign
on cleanliness and preservation.
10-11. Exploration of hidden talents of village youth and public on folklore, traditional
art, sports, martial arts and cultural heritage.
12-13. Campus improvement activities
14-16. Visit to special camp village and pre camp planning.
17.
Practical examination.
1. Besides the above, NSS volunteers will attend work during important occasions like
Convocation, Farmers day, Sports meet and other University / College functions.
NSS Volunteers will attend one special camp in the selected village for a duration of
10 days and undertake various activities based on the need of that village people.
2. For all out door regular activities villages / slums nearby the campus may be
selected to avoid transport cost (Cyclable distance).
3. Special camp activity may be carried out in a village situated within a radius of 15
20 KM.
EVALUATION
A. Regular activities
60 marks
I Semester
15 marks
II Semester
15 marks
III Semester
15 marks
IV Semester
15 marks
40 marks
30 marks
5 marks
5 marks
------------------40 marks
-------------------
Evaluation
Semester
II
III
IV
10
10
10
10
40
20
10
10
10
10
40
25
25
25
25
100
I
Regular activities
and behaviour
Participation in
B. camps and special
assignments
Written test and viva
C.
voce
Total
A.
Total
I Year II Semester
Sl.
Course
No.
Number
1.
FSC 102
2+1
2.
FSC 103
2+1
VSC 102
2+1
AGR 102
1+1
PBG 102
2+1
CRP 101
Crop Physiology
2+1
BIC 101
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
2+1
8.
AEC 101
1+1
Course Title
Credit
Hours
Total 14+8=22
germination - dormancy - types of dormancy - seed treatments - seed invigoration seedling vigour.
Unit III Asexual propagation cutting and layering
Genetic variations - chimeras and types - methods of vegetative propagation identification of plus trees mother block raising clonal nursery - types of cuttings factors influencing rooting of cuttings - use of growth regulators - layering - advantages
and disadvantages - methods of layering - anatomical and physiological basis of rooting
Unit IV Asexual propagation grafting, budding and propagation through special
organs
Grafting and budding - methods - advantages and disadvantages - rootstocks scion bank - factors for successful graft union - selection, pre-curing and collection of
scion - bud wood selection - bud wood certification - anatomical and physiological
basis of graft / bud union - stock-scion relationship - root stock influences - after care
and hardening techniques of propagation through specialized organs - tubers - bulbs -
corms - runners - suckers - crown - slips - rhizome - offshoots - top working quality
management and nursery certification display, packing, transport and marketing.
Unit V Techniques of Micro propagation
Micro
propagation
definitions
different
methods
protocol
of
units- status of
micropropagation in India.
Practical
Propagation structures - tools and implements - propagation media - containers preparation of nursery beds - seed treatment - sowing - plug transplants / seedling
production - potting, depotting and repotting of plants - methods of asexual
propagation through cuttings, layering, grafting and budding - scion bank - techniques
of cuttings - leaf and leaf bud cuttings - stem cuttings - single nodal cuttings and root
cuttings - techniques of layering - potting of layers and hardening - grafting methods separation of grafts - potting and maintenance of grafted plants - budding and
maintenance of budded plants - mist chamber - structures - maintenance - use of mist
chamber for seed and vegetative propagation - hardening and maintenance - shade
structure - nutrition and plant protection - application of growth regulators standardization of formulations - growth regulators for seed and vegetative
propagation - project preparation for commercial nurseries visit to commercial
nurseries and tissue culture units.
Lecture schedule
1. Scope and importance of plant propagation, different methods, principles and
definitions
2.
Propagation structures viz., mist chamber, poly house, shade net house, cold
frames and hot beds and their maintenance
3.
Sexual propagation of acid lime, papaya and raising rootstocks in mango Preparation of nursery beds and sowing
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
8. Sadhu, M.K.1989. Plant Propagation. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 4835/24, Ansari Road,
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002.
9. Singh, S.P. 1983. Mist Propagation. Metropolitan Publishing Company, 1,
Nethaji Subhash Marg, New Delhi 110 032. India.
10. Kumar, U. 2002. Methods in Plant Tissue culture, Second Edition, Agro Bios,
Jodhpur.
11. Parthasarathy, V. A. 2001. Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops Vol. I, II & III,
Nayoprakash, Calcutta.
Further reading
1. Ramswat, K. G. and J.M. Merillan 1999. Biotechnology secondary Metabolites
Oxford & IBH Publishers, Co (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Purohit, S. S. 1998. Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications II Edition;
Agro Botanica Bikaner, India.
3. Kains, M. G. 2008. Plant Propagation: Greenhouse and Nursery Practice. Singh,
B.D. 1999. Biotechnology, Kessinger Publishing, New York.
4. Razdon, M.K. 1993. An introduction to plant tissue culture plant tissue culture.
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
e References
http://www.biotech / tissue culture techniques.com
http://www.Agriculture-Horticulture / biotechnology.com
http://www.Biotech / Horticultural crops.com
Journals
FSC 103 Production Technology of Tropical and Arid Zone Fruit Crops 2 + 1
Aim
To impart knowledge on the principles and cultivation of tropical and arid zone
fruit crops.
Theory
Unit I Principles and cultivation of tropical fruits mango and banana
Scope and importance of tropical fruits cultivation overview: global, national
and regional levels area, production and export potential horticultural zones of India
and Tamil Nadu with emphasis on tropical fruits- GAP. organic production composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars - climate and soil
requirements - species and varieties - cropping systems- propagation techniques planting systems and planting density - after care training and pruning - water
management, macro and micronutrient management, weed management - special
horticultural techniques - use of plant growth regulators - production constraints physiological disorders post harvest handling - economics of production.
Unit II Tropical fruits - papaya, sapota and guava
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars - climate
and soil requirements, cropping systems- varieties - propagation techniques - planting
systems and planting density - after care training and pruning - water management,
macro and micronutrient management, weed management GAP - organic production
- special horticultural techniques sex forms and pollination - use of plant growth
regulators - production constraints - physiological disorders - pre and post harvest
handling - economics of production.
Unit III Tropical fruits - acid lime, sweet orange and jack fruit
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars - climate
and soil requirements, cropping systems- varieties - production constraints propagation techniques - planting systems and planting density - after care training
and pruning - water management, macro and micronutrient management, weed
management - GAP - organic production - special horticultural techniques - use of plant
growth regulators - physiological disorders - pre and post harvest handling - economics
of production.
Unit IV Arid zone fruits - aonla, ber, pomegranate and date palm
Dryland horticulture importance and scope in India and Tamil Nadudistribution of arid and semi-arid zones in India and Tamil Nadu. Composition and
uses origin and distribution species and cultivars - climate and soil requirements
varieties -cropping systems and intercropping crops suitable for dry land system
spacing and planting patterns for rainfed horticultural crops- in situ grafting and
budding techniques alternative land use systems mulching - soil and moisture
conservation methods chemical application anti-transpirants management of
nutrients, water, weeds and problem soils training and pruning methods physiology
of flowering regulation of cropping top working and rejuvenation use of plant
growth regulators post harvest handling economics of production.
Unit V Arid zone fruits - custard apple, jamun, bael, wood apple and manila
tamarind
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars - climate
and soil requirements varieties - cropping systems and intercropping crops suitable
for dry land system spacing and planting patterns for rain fed horticultural crops- in
situ grafting and budding techniques alternative land use systems mulching - soil
and moisture conservation methods chemical application anti-transpirants
management of nutrients, water, weeds and problem soils training and pruning
methods physiology of flowering crop regulation top working and rejuvenation
use of plant growth regulators post harvest handling economics of production.
Practical
Description and identification of cultivars/varieties - nursery management nursery preparation, seed sowing and raising seedlings / rootstocks, practising
propagation techniques of mango, banana, papaya, sapota, guava, acid lime, sweet
orange, aonla, ber, pomegranate, date palm, custard apple, jamun, bael, wood apple
and manila tamarind.
7. Banana - climate and soil requirements - varieties. Genome classification production constraints - selection of planting material- planting systems high
density planting inter-cropping.
8. Manuring - nutrient deficiency and management
10. Papaya climate and soil requirements sex forms - varieties propagation
planting requirements, manures and manuring - nutrient deficiency and
management -weed and water management
11. Thinning use of growth regulators - production constraints - harvesting latex
extraction postharvesthandling storage processing.
12. Sapota climate and soil requirements varieties - propagation planting
requirements - manures and manuring.
13. Nutrient deficiency and management - weed and water management
irrigation -use of growth regulators - production constraints - harvesting
postharvest handling storage processing.
14. Guava - climate and soil requirements - varieties propagation planting
requirements manures and manuring - nutrient deficiency and management weed and water management.
15. Use of growth regulators bending - bahar treatments - production constraints harvesting postharvest handling storage processing
16. Acid lime - climate and soil requirements varieties - propagation planting
requirements training and pruning - manures and manuring - nutrient
deficiency and management. weed and water management - use of growth
regulators production constraints harvesting postharvest handling .
17. Mid semester examination
18. Sweet orange climate and soil requirements varieties propagation planting requirements training and pruning - manures and manuring.nutrient deficiency and management - weed and water management use of
propagation
planting density nutrient, weed and water management training and pruning
27. Growth regulation by chemical regulators and harvest - grading postharvest
handling.
28. Custard apple - climate and soil requirements varieties propagation
planting density nutrient, weed and water management - training and
pruning crop regulation - use of growth regulators harvest - grading
postharvest handling & processing.
29. Date palm - climate and soil requirements varieties - production constraints
propagation planting density nutrient, weed and water management
training and pruning, growth regulation by chemical regulators and harvest grading postharvest handling.
30. Jamun - climate and soil requirements - varieties - propagation - planting
density - nutrient, weed and water management - training and pruning - use of
growth regulators - harvest - grading postharvest handling
31. Wood apple - climate and soil requirements - varieties - production constraints propagation - planting density - nutrient, weed and water management training and pruning, growth regulators harvest - grading - postharvest
handling
32. Bael - climate and soil requirements varieties propagation planting density
nutrient, weed and water management
33. Training and pruning use of growth regulators harvest - grading
postharvest handling.
34. Manila tamarind - climate and soil requirements varieties propagation
planting density nutrient, weed and water management training and pruning
use of growth regulators harvest - grading postharvest handling
Practical
1. Study of mango varieties
2. Practices in propagation, planting and growth regulation in mango.
3. Study of banana varieties and their genome classification and scoring
techniques.
4. Practices in propagation, planting, growth regulation treatments and special
practices in banana.
5. Study of grapes varieties, training and pruning practices
6. Visit to mango, banana and grapes orchards in Cumbum valley
7. Study of sapota varieties, propagation and planting
8. Study of papaya varieties, propagation and thinning of plants
9. Papain extraction and its cost economics
10. Study of guava propagation techniques and varieties.
11. Acid lime, lemon and sweet orange varieties, suitable root stocks and their
propagation
12. Aonla, pomegranate custard apple, Jamun, bael and manila tamarind
propagation and varieties
13. Visit to RRS, Aruppukottai
14. Assessment of maturity standards for tropical and arid zone fruits.
15. Practices in harvesting and postharvest handling
16. Working out the economics of production of tropical fruits and project
preparation.
17. Practical examination.
Outcome
1. Practical knowledge on specialized production techniques of tropical and arid
zone fruits.
2. Understanding the production constraints through various field visits.
Text Books
1. Bose, T. K., S. K. Mitra and D.Sanyal, 2001. Fruits: Tropical and subtropical.
Volume I. Naya Udyog, Calcutta.
2. Chattopadhyay, T. K. 1994. A text book of Pomology (Vol 1-3). Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Shanmugavelu, K. G. 1987. Production technology of fruit crops. SBA
Publications, Calcutta.
4. Singh, S. P. 1995. Commercial Fruits, Kalyan Publishers, Ludhiyana.
5. Veeraraghavathatham, D., M. Jawaharlal, S. Jeeva and S. Rabindran 1996.
Scientific Fruit culture, Suri Associates, Coimbatore.
Further reading
1. Bose T.K., S. K. Mitra and M. K. Sadhu. 2003 Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Crops.
Naya Prakash, Calcutta.
2. Pal, J.S. 1997. Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Singh, S. S. Krishanmurthi and S. L Katyal. 1967. Fruit culture in India, ICAR,
New Delhi.
e References
www.fruits-mg.com
www.fruits.com
www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton
www.bouquetoffruits.com
Journals
Punjab Hort. J.
J. of Ameri. Soci. of Hort. Sci.
Acta Hort.
Composition
and
uses area and production- climate and soil requirements season-varieties and
hybrids seed rate- nursery practices-containerized transplant production and
transplanting preparation of field-spacing-planting systems-planting- water and weed
management-nutrient
requirement-fertigation-nutrient
deficiencies-
physiological
harvest yield.
Cluster beans, cowpea, lab-lab, moringa, chekurmanis, palak, basella and
amaranth.
Unit V Tuber crops
Composition and uses- origin and distribution- area and production- climate and
soil requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate preparation of field nursery practices and transplanting spacing - planting systems - planting water and
weed management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
physiological disorders- use of chemicals and growth regulators - cropping systems constraints in production virus elimination in cassava- harvest yield
Cassava, sweetpotato, colocasia,
indices and maturity standards - post harvest handling and storage marketing seed
extraction- working out cost of cultivation for tropical vegetable crops - project
preparation for commercial cultivation. Visit to commercial vegetable growing areas,
market and processing centre.
Lecture schedule
1.
2.
3.
Effect of climate, soil, water and nutrients on vegetable crop production and their
management.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
requirements season - varieties and hybrids -seed rate nursery practices containerized transplant production
10. Brinjal: Composition and uses- area and production- climate and soil requirements
season - varieties and hybrids -seed rate nursery practices - containerized
transplant production - and transplanting- preparation of field - spacing - planting
systems - planting water and weed management.
23. Water melon and Musk melon: Composition and uses - area and productionclimate and soil requirements season - varieties and hybrids -seed rate nursery
practices containerized transplant production and transplanting- preparation of
field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed management
nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders
sex expression - use of chemical and growth
chemical and growth regulators - cropping system - constraints in production harvest yield
28. Palak, basella and chekkurmanis: Composition and uses - area and productionclimate and soil requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate
preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed
management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
physiological disorders- use of chemical and growth regulators - cropping system
- constraints in production - harvest yield
29. Cassava : Composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil
requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate preparation of field spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed management
30. Cassava : Nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies physiological
disorders- use of chemical and growth regulators - cropping system - constraints
in production virus elimination- harvest yield
31. Sweet potato: Composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil
requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate vegetative propagation preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed
management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
physiological disorders- use of chemical and growth regulators - cropping system
- constraints in production harvest yield
32. Colocasia and Vegetable coleus: Composition and uses - area and productionclimate and soil requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate
vegetative propagation - preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting
water and weed management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient
deficiencies physiological disorders- use of chemical and growth regulators cropping system - constraints in production harvest yield
33. Amorphophallus: Composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil
requirements season - varieties and hybrids - seed rate vegetative propagation preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed
management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
12. Preparation of growth regulator spray solution- their usage in tropical vegetable
crops
13. Identification of nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders and corrective
measures in vegetable crops.
14. Maturity indices, harvesting and seed extraction
15. Visit to commercial vegetable growing area / markets
16. Project preparation for commercial cultivation of tropical vegetable crops.
17. Practical Examination.
Outcome
1. Hands on experience of vegetable cultivation
2. Knowledge about quality requirement and production and techniques for export
3. Managing skill for solving field problems
Text Books
1. Pranab Hazra, A. Chattopadhyay, K. Karmakar and S. Dutta. 2010. Modern
technology in vegetable production New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
2. Uma Shankar Singh, 2008. Indian vegetables, Anmol publications Pvt., Ltd.,
New Delhi.
3. Gopalakrishnan, T.R., 2007. Vegetable Crops New India publishing agency,
New Delhi.
4. James S. Shoemaker and Thomas Smith., 2006. Culture of Veg., Growing
Asiatic.
Further Reading
1.
2.
3.
Research co Book
Nem Pal Sing. A.K. Bhardwaj, K.M. Sing and Abnish Kumar .2004. Modern
technology on vegetable production, International book distributing Co.,
Lucknow.
5.
6.
Bose, T. K, Kabir, J., Maity T. K., Parthasarathy V. A., and Som M. G., 2002.
Vegetable Crops Vol. I, II & III Naya Prokash, Kolkata.
7.
8.
Hazra, P. and M. G., Som. 1999. Technology for vegetable production and
improvement, Naya Prokash, Calcutta.
9.
Journals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
e References
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=g904622674
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-32-a.html
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/manures.html
http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8129.pdf
http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/545/
http://www.sus-veg-thai.de/
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Vegetable-Alliums-Production-ScienceHorticulture/dp/0851987532
Practical
Agromet Observatory - site selection and layout. Acquiring skill in use of
pyranometers - sunshine recorder - maximum, minimum, gross minimum and soil
thermometers thermograph, dry and wet bulb thermometers - hygrograph psychrometers Forteins barometer - Barograph - altimeter; wind vane, anemometer
Rain gauge - ordinary and self-recording; automatic weather station - evaporimeters lysimeters, dew gauge. Preparation of synoptic charts and crop weather calendars.
Rainfall probability analysis. Mapping of agroclimatic zones.
Lecture schedule
1. Meteorology - Agricultural Meteorology - Definition, their importance and scope
in crop production.
2. Coordinates of India and Tamil Nadu. Atmosphere - Composition of atmosphere
- Vertical layers of atmosphere based on temperature difference / lapse rate.
3. Climate and weather - Factors affecting climate and weather. Macroclimate Meso climate - Microclimate - Definition and their importance - Different climates
of India and Tamil Nadu and their characterization.
4. Solar radiation - Radiation balance - Wave length characteristics and their effect
on crop production - Light effect of intensity, quality, direction and duration on
crop production
5. Air temperature - Factors affecting temperature. Diurnal and seasonal variation in
air temperature Isotherm, Heat unit and its use - Heat and cold injuries
6. Role of temperature in crop production. Soil temperature - Importance in crop
production. Factors affecting soil temperature, diurnal and seasonal variation in
soil temperature.
7. Humidity Types - Dew point temperature - Vapour pressure deficit - Diurnal
variation in Relative humidity and its effect on crop production Wind and its
role on crop production
Practical schedule
1.
Site selection and layout for Agromet Observatory - Calculation of local time Time of observation of different weather elements - Reviewing agromet registers.
2.
3.
Measurement of air and soil temperature and grass minimum thermometers and
thermographs drawing isolines
4.
Humidity measurements use of wet and dry bulb thermometers Psychrometers Hygrograph - Measurement of wind direction and wind speed
and conversion (KMPH, KNOT, and M/Sec.) Beauforts scale.
5.
Measurement of atmospheric pressure - barograph - Fortein-s barometer Isobars based on past data for different seasons.
6.
Measurement of rainfall - Ordinary and self-recording rain gauges Measurement of Dew - dew gauge- study of Automatic weather station.
7.
8.
Heat Unit concept- GDD, HTU, PTU for fixing time of sowing.
9.
2.
3.
Kakde, J.R., 1985. Agricultural climatology, Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Yellamanda Reddy, T. and G.H. Sankara Reddi, 2004. Principles of Agronomy,
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Study of cell and cell organelles preparation of fixatives and stains pretreatment of materials for mitosis and meiosis study of mitosis and meiosis. Study of
genetic ratios of monohybrid, dihybrid incomplete dominance. Gene interaction multiple alleles and multiple factors. Study of linkage, estimation of strength of linkage
and recombination frequency in two point and three point test cross data and F2 data
Drawing of genetic map interference and coincidence.
Lecture schedule
1. Definition of genetics, heredity, inheritance,
structure,
NOR,
chemical
satellite
composition,
chromosome,
nucleosome,
karyotype,
ideogram,
centromere,
Types
of
iv.)
24. Sex determination - chromosomal mechanism of sex determination and its types
- autosomes and sex chromosomes homogametic and heterogametic sexes;
genic balance theory of sex determination of Bridges.
25. Sex linked inheritance cris cross inheritance reciprocal difference; holandric
genes; sex influenced and sex limited inheritance.
26. Sex determination in plants Melandrium, papaya, maize.
27. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects features of cytoplasmic
inheritance, chloroplast, mitochondrial, plasmid and episomic inheritance.
28. DNA, the genetic material Griffiths experiment, experiment of Avery,
McCleod and McCarthy confirmation by Hershey and Chase; RNA as genetic
material Frankel, Conrat and Singer experiment.
29. Structure of DNA Watson and Crick model
30. Proof for semi conservative method of DNA replication; Models of DNA
replication; steps involved in DNA replication.
31. RNA types - mRNA, tRNA, rRNA; genetic code, transcription central dogma of
life.
32. Gene expression translation protein synthesis.
33. Regulation of gene expression operon model of Jacob and Monad; Structural
genes and regulator genes; exons and introns. Modern concept of gene - cistron,
muton and recon; complementation test; mobile genetic elements.
34. Mutation characteristics of mutation micro and macro mutation ClB
technique - molecular basis of mutation; major physical and chemical mutagens.
Practical schedule
1. Use of microscopes and study of cell shapes and cell organelles of active mitotic
and meiotic tissues.
2. Principles of killing and fixing; preparation of stains and preservatives.
3. Study of the mitotic phases in root tips of onion / Aloe sp.
4. Study of behaviour of chromosomes in mitosis.
5. Procedure for fixing and observing different meiotic phases in the inflorescence
of maize.
6. Procedure for fixing and observing different meiotic phases in the inflorescence
in pearl millet/sorghum.
7. Induction of polyploidy using colchicine
8. Repetition of meiotic studies in maize/sorghum/pearl millet and making
temporary and permanent slides.
9. Principles of dominance, recessive, back cross, test cross, incomplete dominance,
codominance and lethal factor; Chi square test; Monohybrid genetic ratio with
dominance, with incomplete dominance and test cross;.
10. Dihybrid ratio with dominance, with incomplete dominance and test cross
11. Simple interaction of genes-comb character in fowls; Dominant epistasis.
12. Recessive epistasis, Duplicate and additive epistasis.
13. Duplicate dominant epistasis, Duplicate recessive epistasis, Dominant and
recessive epistasis.
14. Multiple alleles and polygenic inheritance
15. Estimation of linkage with F2 and test cross data; Coupling and repulsion.
16. Problems on two point test cross and three point test cross; Working out
interference, coincidence and drawing genetic maps.
17. Practical examination.
Text books
1.
2.
Strickberger. M.W., 1996. Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
3.
Further reading
1. Daniel Sundararaj, G. Thulasidas and M.Stephen Dorairaj, 1997. Introduction to
Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding. Popular Book Depot, Chennai 15.
2. Benjamin Lewin 2005 Genes IX Oxford University Press, Oxford.
3. Gupta P.K., 1993. Genetics, Rastogi publications, Meerut.
4. Reddi, O.S., 1992. Understanding Genetics. Sunil Sachdev Publishers, New Delhi
64.
e references
www.nmsu.edu
www.biology200.gsu.edu
CRP 101 Crop Physiology 2 + 1
Aim
To expose the students to the basic concepts and underlying applications of crop
physiology
Theory
Unit Plant water relations
Importance of crop physiology in agriculture, role of water water potential and
components -Definitions - field capacity, water holding capacity of soil and permanent
wilting point, absorption and translocation of
significance- antitranspirants.
Unit Nutrio physiology
Mineral nutrition mobility and mechanism of uptake - physiological role of
nutrients, physiological disorders - nutritional disorders (deficiencies and toxicities) difference between physiological and nutritional disorders - diagnosis, identification of
disorders - foliar, tissue testing. Management techniques- foliar feeding, root feeding,
trunk feeding and fertigation.
Unit Carbon fixation
Photosynthesis - light reaction and photosynthetic pathways - C3, C4 and CAM,
differences between C3, C4 and CAM pathways - Factors affecting photosynthesis,
photorespiration and significance phloem and xylem loading- source sink relationship.
Unit V Growth physiology
Growth - growth analysis - LAI, LAD, SLW, SLA, LAR, NAR, RGR and CGR in
relation to crop productivity,- - Photoperiodism - role of phytochrome in flowering and
regulation of flowering. Vernalisation devernalisation- plant growth regulators and
commercial applications - physiological role of auxins and GA, physiological role of
cytokinin, ethylene and ABA - novel growth regulators and retardants - their uses in
crop productivity, post harvest physiology - physiology of seed germination, seed and
bud dormancy and breaking methods, parthenocarpy - physiology of fruit ripening climacteric and non-climacteric fruits- - factors affecting ripening and storage,
abscission senescence, shelf life and quality changes use of PGRs and nutrients.
Unit V Stress physiology
Environmental stresses - water stress - physiological changes - adaptation to
drought and its amelioration, temperature stress - physiological changes - low and high
temperature - chilling injury - tolerance alleviation, low light and UV radiation
stresses - salt stress - physiological changes and alleviation, Global warming Carbon
sequestration - physiological effects on crop productivity.
Lecture schedule
1. Importance of Crop Physiology in Agriculture.
2. Role of water process and significance
3. Definition - field capacity, water holding capacity of soil and permanent wilting
point.
4. Translocation of water and solutes - phloem and xylem transport.
5. Transpiration - mechanism significance - guttation - antitranspirants.
6. Mineral nutrition - macro, secondary and micronutrients - sand, hydroponics
and aeroponic culture.
7. Mechanism of uptake - physiological role of nutrients.
8. Foliar diagnosis - nutritional and physiological disorders
9. Foliar nutrition- root feeding, trunk feeding and fertigation
10. Photosynthesis - light reaction
11. Photosynthetic pathways - C3, C4 and CAM
12. Differences
between
C3 ,
C4
and
CAM
pathways
Factors
affecting
photosynthesis.
13. Photorespiration - photorespiration process and significance of photorespiration.
14. Source sink relationship and their manipulaions
15. Photoperiodism - short day, long day and day neutral plantS
http://3e.plantphys.net
http://www.botany.org
Practical schedule
1. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates.
2. Estimation of total sugars.
3. Determination of reducing sugars
4. Amylose estimation.
5. Estimation of starch
6. Colour reactions of amino acid and proteins.
7. Estimation of proteins. by Biuret method
8. Sorensons formal titration of amino acids.
9. Estimation of total free amino acids by Ninhydrin method.
10. Estimation of free fatty acids of an oil.
11. Determination of iodine number of an oil.
12. Estimation of ascorbic acid.
13. Estimation of total phenol.
14. Assay of amylase
15. Separation of amino acids through PC.
16. Separation of sugars through TLC.
17. Final practical examination.
Text books
1. Rastogi S.D., 2010, Biochemistry, 3rd edn, Tata McGraw-Hill, Delhi
2. Murray,R.K., Granner,D.K., Mayes,P.A.. and Rodwell,V.W., 2003.26th edn, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
3. Nelson DL, Cox MM. 2004. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fourth (Indian
edition) Macmillian, Worth Publishers.
4. Voet D,Voet JG and CW Pratt. 2002. Biochemistry.
Singapore
5. Thayumanavan, B, Krishnaveni, S and Parvathi, K. 2004. Biochemistry for
Agricultural Science, Galgotia Publications Pvt Ltd., New Delhi
6. Sadasivam S and Manickam, A. Biochemical Methods, 2009, 3rd edn, New Age
International
7. Wilson, K. and Walker, J.M. 2000. Principles and techniques of Practical
Biochemistry, 5th edn. Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
1. Conn, E.E. and Stumpf, P.K.1996. Outlines of Biochemistry Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
Fifth Edition.
2. Stryer L,Berg T,Tymoczko,J, Biochemistry.,2009 5th Ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd, New
Delhi
3. Chesworth, JM., Stuchbury, T. and Scaife, JR. 1998.
An Introduction to
Pergamon Press.
e Reference
www.faculty.virginia.edu/mcgarveylab/Carbsyn/Carblist/html/disacch.html
www.messiah.edu/departments/chemistry/molscilab/organic/disaccharides.ht
m
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
National income: Concepts GNP, GDP, NNP, disposable income and per
capita income- measurement of national income - public finance: meaning, principles.
public revenue: meaning, classification of taxes - service tax - cannons of taxation,
public expenditure: principles - Inflation: meaning, definition, kinds of inflation welfare economics: meaning, Paretos optimality millennium development goals
(MDG).
Practical
Law of diminishing marginal utility - Law of equi marginal utility - individual
and market demand - indifference curve analysis and consumer equilibrium Measurement of arc elasticity and point elasticity of demand - own price elasticity,
income and cross elasticity of demand - consumer surplus - law of diminishing
marginal returns relationship between TPP, APP and MPP - Cost concepts and
graphical derivation of cost curves - Population growth and food grain production Supply elasticity - causes of inflation and control measures consumer price index and
wholesale price index - types and functions of money - Computation of
national
Economics
Micro
and
Macro
economics
Course
No
Number
1.
VSC 201
2+1
2.
AGR 211
1+1
3.
SAC 201
2+1
4.
AEN 201
Fundamentals of Entomology
2+1
5.
SST 211
1+1
6.
PAT 201
2+1
7.
2+1
8.
FMP 211
1+1
9.
AGM
211
Applied Microbiology
1+1
Credit
Hours
Course Title
Total
14+9=23
Composition and uses- origin and distribution- area and production- climate and
soil requirements season - varieties and hybrids -seed rate preparation of field spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed management nutrient
requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders - use of
chemicals and growth regulators - cropping systems constraints in production - harvest
yield
Crops: carrot, beet root, radish and turnip.
Unit V Salad vegetables
Composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil requirements
season - varieties and hybrids -seed rate preparation of field - spacing - planting
systems - planting water and weed management nutrient requirement fertigation nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders - use of chemicals and growth regulators cropping systems constraints in production - harvest yield
Crops: Kale, cress, celery, rhubarb, asparagus, artichoke, leek, lettuce and spinach.
Practical
Identification and description of temperate vegetable crops nursery practices
and for transplanted vegetable crops- preparation of field and sowing /planting for
direct sown/ transplanted vegetable crops- herbicide use in vegetable culture - top
dressing of fertilizers and inter-culture use of growth regulators identification of
nutrient deficiencies - physiological disorders- maturity indices and harvesting working out cost of cultivation for temperate vegetable crops - Visit to temperate
vegetable farms, research stations, commercial farm.
Lecture schedule
1. Area, production, world scenario, industrial importance, export potential of
temperate vegetable crops
2. Effect of climate and soil on temperate vegetable crop production and their
management
3. Effect of water and nutrients on temperate vegetable crop production and their
management
4. Cropping systems
5. Organic farming and GAP in temperate vegetable crops
6. Export standards for temperate vegetable crops
7. Cabbage: Composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate
nursery practices containerized transplant production and transplantingpreparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed
management
8. Cabbage:
Nutrient
requirement-fertigation,
nutrient
deficiencies
nursery
practices
containerized
transplant
production
and
nutrient
requirement-nutrient
deficiencies-physiological
nutrient
requirement-nutrient
deficiencies-physiological
26. Turnip- composition and uses-area and production- climate and soil
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting water and weed
management nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
physiological disorders - use of chemicals and growth regulators - cropping
systems constraints in production - harvest yield
27. Knol khol.- composition and uses- area and production- climate and soil
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate
nursery practices preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting
water and weed management.
28. Knol khol- nutrient requirement fertigation - nutrient deficiencies
physiological disorders - use of chemicals and growth regulators - cropping
systems constraints in production - harvest yield
29. Kale composition and uses - area and production- climate and soil
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate
nursery practices preparation of field - spacing - planting systems - planting
water and weed management nutrient requirement fertigation- nutrient
deficiencies physiological disorders - use of chemicals and growth regulators
- cropping systems constraints in production - harvest yield
30. Cress and Celery composition and uses - area and production- climate and
soil requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed
rate nursery practices preparation of field - spacing - planting systems planting water and weed management nutrient requirement fertigationnutrient deficiencies physiological disorders - use of chemicals and growth
regulators - cropping systems constraints in production - harvest yield
31. Rhubarb and Asparagus composition and uses- area and production- climate
and soil requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids seed rate nursery practices preparation of field - spacing - planting systems
- planting water and weed management nutrient requirement fertigation-
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate
nursery practices transplanting- preparation of field - spacing - planting
systems - planting water and weed management nutrient requirement
fertigation- nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders - use of chemicals
and growth regulators - cropping systems constraints in production - harvest
yield
34. Spinach:
requirements season warm winter types- varieties and hybrids -seed rate
nursery practices transplanting- preparation of field - spacing - planting
systems - planting water and weed management nutrient requirement
fertigation- nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders - use of chemicals
and growth regulators - cropping systems constraints in production - harvest
yield
Practical
1. Nursery preparation and sowing transplanted temperate vegetables
2. Nursery preparation, seed rate, spacing for direct sown temperate vegetables
3. Soil water conservation, contour planting, crop geometry
4. Use of herbicides, preparation of solution, application
5. Water management practices
6. Nutritional requirement, including major and micro nutrients
Text books
1. Pranab Hazra, A. Chattopadhyay, K. Karmakar and S. Dutta. 2010. Modern
technology in vegetable production New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
2. Prem Singh Arya and S. Prakash 2002. Vegetable growing in India, Kalyani
publishers, New Delhi
3. Bose, T. K, Kabir, J., Maity T. K., Parthasarathy V. A., and Som M. G., 2002.
Vegetable Crops Vol. II & III Naya Prokash, Kolkata.
4. Sasanka Barooah. 1993. Vegetable growing In India, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
Further readings
1. S. P. Singh, 1997. Principles of vegetable production Agrotech publishing Academy
Udaipur
Vegetable sciences
Acta Horticulturae
Indian Journal of Horticulture
Indian Horticulture
Progressive Horticulture
International Journal of Vegetable Science
Scientia Horticulturae
e references
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science
http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/476
http://msucares.com/crops/hightunnels/index.html
http://gbpihed.gov.in/envis/HTML/vol12_2/VEGETABLE%20PRODUCTION
%20.pdf
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49102917/The-use-of-supplemental-lightingfor-vegetable-crop-production
Theory
Unit I
Weeds Definition, classification and characteristics of weeds Weed ecology Principles and methods of weed management: preventive, cultural, mechanical,
chemical, biological and alternate methods IWM for horticultural crops - management
of problematic, parasitic and aquatic weeds.
Unit II
Chemical, weed management - classification herbicide formulations - adjuvants,
herbicide protectants and antidotes - Mode and mechanism of action of herbicides Herbicide selectivity - Principles of herbicide selectivity
Unit III
Herbicide resistant weeds and crops Principles and concepts - development of
transgenic herbicide resistant crops Success of herbicide resistant crops (HRC) in
World and Indian agriculture.
Unit IV
Water resources of India and Tamil Nadu, Importance of irrigation water soilwater- plant relationship soil moisture constant soil water movement soil moisture
extraction pattern evapotranspiration water requirement of horticultural crops
critical stages for irrigation.
Unit V
Irrigation methods surface, sub-surface and advance methods drip, sprinkler
and green house and landscape irrigations Fertigation - Water use efficiency Quality
of irrigation water - Management of problem waters Drainage
Practical
Identification of weeds in wet, garden, dry land and hilly ecosystems -
Weed
and instrumentation technique - field capacity and permanent wilting point - Methods
of irrigation - landscaping for different surface irrigation methods - Measurement of
irrigation water, evapotranspiration, crop water requirement - irrigation efficiency Design and layout of micro irrigation systems -
irrigation systems - Fertigation schedule for horticultural crops - water quality and
drainage
Lecture schedule
1. Weeds Definitions and characteristics of weeds- weed seed dormancy weed
ecology dissemination of weeds
2. Classification and characteristics of weeds of different agro ecosystems - lowland
weeds, irrigated upland rainfed land weeds and hilly weeds
3. Identification, classification and characteristics of weeds of different agro
ecosystems - aquatic and parasitic weeds and non crop situation
4. Crop -weed interactions - Critical crop - weed competition, competitive and
allelopathic effects of weeds and horticultural crops.
5. Principles and methods of weed management- Preventive, cultural, mechanical,
chemical, biological and alternate methods
6. IWM in horticultural crops and cropping systems and
13. Design and layout of micro irrigation systems for different horticultural crops
14. Working out economics of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems
15. Developing fertigation schedule for horticultural crops
16. Estimation of water quality and drainage
17. Practical Examination
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sankara Reddi, G.H. and T.Yellamanda Reddy, 1995. Efficient use of Irrigation
Water, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
5.
Michael, A.M. 1986. Irrigation Theory and Practices, Vikas, New Delhi
Further Readings
1. Hance, R.J. and K. Holly. 1990. Weed Control Handbook: Principles. Blackwell
Pary, Humberg.
3. Musselman, L. J. 1987. Parasitic Weeds in Agriculture. Vol. I. Striga. CRO Press Inc.
Florida, US.
4. Pierterse, A. H. and K.J. Murphy. 1990. Aquatic Weeds: The Ecology and Management
Cambridge.
Science Publication.
8. Stephan O. Duke, 1996. Herbicide Resistant Crops Agricultural, Environmental,
Delhi
11. Isarelson, O.W. and U.S.Hansen. 1962. Irrigation Principles and Practices. Wiley
Practical
Identification of rocks and minerals - Study of a soil profile - collection and
processing of soil samples - Determination of bulk density, particle density and porosity
Particle size analysis Feel method International pipette method - Soil moisture
determination Gravimetric method, gypsum block, tensiometer,TDR and neutron
probe moisture meter. Determination of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity Soil colour Munsell colour chart - Soil temperature. Soil pH and EC - Organic carbon Chemical constituents of soil - Field study of different soil types.
Lecture Schedule
1. Soil definition soil as a three dimensional natural body -
pedagogical and
edaphological concepts.
2. Origin of earth theories planetesimal and nebular hypothesis - Composition
of Earths crust.
3. Rocks definition, formation, classification igneous,
sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks
4. Brief description of important rocks mineralogical composition
5. Minerals definition, occurrence, classification of important soil forming
primary minerals - silicate and non silicate minerals, ferro and non-ferro
magnesium minerals
6. Formation of secondary minerals clay minerals and amorphous minerals
7. Weathering of rocks and minerals Physical, chemical and biological
8. Soil profile description master horizons pedon and poly pedon
9. Factors of soil formation - Active soil forming factors
10. Factors of soil formation - Passive soil forming factors
11. Fundamental soil forming process elluviation, illuviation and humification.
12. Specific Soil forming processes podzolization, laterization, salinization,
alkalization, calcification, decalcification, pedoturbation.
13. Phases of soils solid, liquid and gaseous phases Properties of soil defining
the physical, chemical and biological properties
14. Soil texture particle size distribution textural classes textural triangular
diagram significance of soil texture
15. Soil structure classification genesis - factors influencing structural stability
significance of soil structure
16. Soil consistence cohesion, adhesion, plasticity, Atterbergs constants upper
and lower plastic limits, plasticity number- significance of soil consistence
17. Mid semester examination
18. Soil bulk density, particle density and porosity factors influencing
significance
19. Soil colour causes and measurement Munsell colour chart factors
influencing soil colour significance
20. Soil temperature measurement, soil air composition - aeration, measurement significance of soil temperature and soil air
21. Soil water forms of water, measurement, units of expression and pF scale
22. Soil water potentials gravitational, matric, osmotic soil moisture constants
23. Movement of soil water under saturated and unsaturated flow infiltration,
hydraulic conductivity, percolation, permeability and drainage
24. Soil colloids types, properties inorganic colloids and organic colloids
25. Layer silicate clays genesis and classification 1:1, 2:1 expanding and non
expanding, 2:2 clay minerals, amorphous minerals
26. Sources of charges in expanding and non expanding crystalline lattice clays,
amorphous minerals and organic colloids
27. Ion exchange reactions cation exchange, anion exchange and base saturation significance
28. Soil reaction (pH) definition, pH scale, factors affecting soil pH, buffering
capacity - signification
29. Soil Electrical Conductivity factors affecting EC significance
30. Soil organic matter composition, decomposition, mineralization and
immobilization
31. Carbon cycle, C : N ratio, biomass carbon and nitrogen
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
students will understand the various soil physical, chemical and biological properties
and their impact on plant growth. The knowledge gained in this course will be useful in
understanding the behaviour of soils in crop production and to manage.
References
1. Brady, N.C.,2002 The Nature and Properties of Soils (13th Edition) McMillan Co.,
New York. Indian Publisher Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd., Ramnagar,
New Delhi 55
2. Dilip Kumar Das. 2004. Introductory Soil Science, Kalyani Publishers, NewDelhi
3. Fundamentals of Soil Science.2009 .ISSS Publication, New Delhi.
4.
Daji A.J., (1970) A Text Book of Soil Science - Asia Publishing House, Madras.
5. Biswas T.D. and Mukherjee S.K., 1987. Text Book of Soil ScienceTata McGraw
Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
6.
7. Joffe, J.S. 1936. The ABC of Soils. Pedology Publication, New Jersy.
e references
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=Article URL&_udo=B6V674C837XP user=2945072&_coverDate=01/31/2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig
http://202.200.144.17/sykc/hjx/content/ckzl/6/2.pdf
http://www.pedosphere.com/volume01/pdf/Section_01.pdf
http://waterquality.montana.edu/docs/homeowners/Septic_Drainfield_Soil_S
uitability_Presentations/6_Soil_Texture_and_Structure.pdf
http://wfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/landscape_horticulture/PDFdocuments/SoilProp.pdf
http://www.rootsofpeace.org/assets/Soil%20Testing%20Manual%20V6%20(Fe
b%208).pdf
http://www.soils.wisc.edu/courses/SS325/morphology.htm
www.asssi.asn.au/.../Understanding_Soils_and_Their_Interactions_with_Land
Management_2005.pdf
members of Arthropoda.
2. Insect dominance - structural, morphological and physiological factors
responsible for dominance.
3. Insect body wall - its structure and function cuticular appendages.
4. Moulting process in insects.
5. Structure of insect head and its appendages.
6. Structure of insect thorax and its appendages.
7. Structure of insect abdomen and its appendages.
8. Digestive system - structure of alimentary canal and its modifications in certain
groups. Digestive enzymes, digestion and absorption of nutrients.
9. Excretory system in insects - malpighian tubules - accessory excretory organs
and physiology of excretion.
10. Respiratory system in insects - structure of trachea - tracheoles - types of
respiratory system - types of spiracles - respiration in aquatic and endoparasitic
insects.
11. Circulatory system in insects - haemocoel and dorsal vessel - circulation of blood
-composition of haemolymph - haemocytes and their functions.
12. Nervous system in insects - structure of neuron types of nervous systems.
13. Conduction of nerve impulses - axonic and synaptic transmissions.
14. Male and female reproductive systems in insects structure and modifications.
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.
15. Types of reproduction - oviparous, viviparous, paedogenesis, polyembryony
Isoptera
and
Delphacidae,
Hemiptera
Aphididae,
Homoptera
Cercopidae,
(Cicadidae,
Membracidae,
Formicidae
Xylocopidae,
Chalcididae
Megachilidae
the
characters
of
Coleoptera
(Curculionidae,
Apionidae,
Hydrophilidae,
Scarabaeidae
Dynastidae,
Cerambycidae,
Cochlidiidae,
Geometridae,
Gelechiidae,
Pterophoridae,
http://www.ex.ac.uk/~gilramel/anatomy.html.
http://www.uark.ed u/academics/u nderg rad.html.
http://www.cabi-publishing.org
SST 211 Principles of Seed Production and Quality Control in Horticultural Crops
1+1
Theory
Unit I Introduction
Seed - definition importance quality characteristics history of seed industry
- classes of seed - generation system - multiplication ratio - seed replacement rate
varietal deterioration - causes maintenance.
Unit II Principles of seed production
Methods and tools of seed production in variety and hybrid seed crop
management - land requirement-isolation pre-sowing seed treatment dormancy spacing nutrient- irrigation -
contaminants -
Practical
Seed structure - Calculation of SMR and SRR - varietal and hybrid seed
production plots - pre sowing seed management techniques - (dormancy, priming,
coating and pelleting) - identification of contaminants and practicing roguing - studies
on physiological and harvestable maturity and seed extraction - practicing field
counting - visit to seed processing unit - visit to Directorate of Seed Certification- - visit
to grow out test plots - seed sampling, mixing and dividing - analysis of physical purity
- moisture estimation - conducting germination tests - seed health test and seedling
evaluation - quick viability test - visit to seed retail shop for observing the method of
taking official sample.
Lecture schedule
1. Seed - definition importance quality characteristics - history of seed industry
2. Classes of seed - generation system - multiplication ratio- seed replacement rate
3. Varietal deterioration - causes maintenance
4. Methods and tools of seed production in variety and hybrid
5. Seed crop management- land requirement- isolation pre-sowing seed treatment
dormancy
6. Spacing nutrient- irrigation - contaminants- roguing plant protection
7. Physiological maturation pre-harvest sanitation spray - harvest and post harvest
techniques-extraction- methods drying
8. Processing - seed treatment-pre-storage packing storage mid storage
treatment
9. Mid semester examination
10. Seed certification phases procedures- general and specific standards
11. Field inspection field counts contaminants -- post harvest inspection
12. Seed standards - bagging tagging blending of seed lots Grow Out Test
13. Seed testing - importance seed lot seed sample - sampling methods purity
analysis moisture estimation
14. Germination tests - viability test seed vigour tests - seed health test
15. Seed Act and Rules Central Seed Committee - Central Seed Certification Board,
State Seed Certification Agency - Central and State Seed Testing Laboratories
16. Seed Inspector - duties and responsibilities-
seed
production
in
vegetables.
Agrobios
(India),
Jodhpur.
Agrobiosindia.com
2. R.Umarani, R.Jerlin, N.Natarajan, P.Masilamani and A.S.Ponnuswamy (2006)
Experimental Seed Science and Technology, Agrobios, Jodhpur.
3. T.S.Verma and S.C.Sharma (2000) Producing Seeds of Biennial Vegetables in
Temperate Regions. ICAR, New Delhi.
4. P.S.Arya. 1999. Vegetable seed production in hills. M.D. Publication Pvt. Ltd
e reference
www.dare.gov.in
http:sfci.nic.in
www.iar.org.in/Directorate1.htm
www.apsa.org
www.seedassociationofindia.com
www.apaseed.com
www.apaseed.org
Journals
Pythium,Phytophthora
and
Albugo
peronosclerospora,
Sclerospora.
Perenospora,
Curvularia,
protection and immunization : Cross protection and host plant resistance. Fungicides
classification characteristics of an ideal fungicide group of fungicides Non
systemic and systemic. Formulations methods of application of fungicides.
Precautions and safety measures in handling of fungicides. Special methods of
application
Unit V Biological control and biotechnological approaches
Biological control of crop diseases and their scope biocontrol agents Fungi,
bacteria, use of plant products and anti viral principles in plant disease management.
Biotechnological appraoches in plant disease management
Practical
General characters of fungi mycelium spores asexual, sexual and vegetative
spores- sexual and asexual fruiting body in fungi. Study of symptoms, host parasite
relationship and systematic position of pathogens causing the following diseases.
Club root,
powdery scab, damping off, foot rot, late blight, bud rot, white
blisters, downy mildew, fruit rot, leaf curl,birds eye spot, scab, sooty mould, sigatoka
disease, powdery mildew, rusts, basal stem rot, blister blight, leaf spot, leaf blight,
anthracnose, wilt, dry root rot and wet root rot. Bacterial diseases symptoms - leaf
spot, blight, ring rot, head rot, canker, scab, crown gall, wilt and soft rot. Symptoms and
vectors of virus and phytoplasma diseases. Algal diseases - phanerogamic parasites.
Deficiency diseases.
Various groups of fungicides and antibiotics - Preparation of Bordeaux mixture
and Bordeaux paste Preparation of fungicidal spray solution Delivery of fungicides,
Production of immunized seedlings in citrus Biological control agents and their mass
production Trichoderma and Pseudomonas - Methods of application of biocontrol agents
Preparation of botanicals leaf extracts, oil emulsions and anti viral principles
Herbarium collection - 30 No
Lecture schedule
1. Definition and history of Plant Pathology
2. Cause of Plant diseases pathogen fungi bacteria, viroid, virus and
Phytoplasma. Rickettsia like organism, Spiroplasma like organisms, Algal and
phanerogamic parasite Koch's postulates.
3. General characters of fungi mycelium asexual, sexual and vegetative spores
asexual and sexual fruiting bodies.
4. Classification of Kingdom Protozoa - important taxonomic characters and
symptoms and life cycle of Plasmodiophora brassicae
5. Classification of Kingdom Chromista- General characters - Classification of
Oomycetes .Symptoms and life cycle of Pythium,Phytophthora and Albugo
6. Symptoms
and
life
cycle
of
Peronosclerospora,
Sclerospora.
Perenospora,
Pleurotus , Volvariella
and Calocybe
15. Symptoms and important characters of Corticium, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium
e references
www.mycobank.org
www.mycology.net
www.bspp.org.uk
www.ictv.org
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
http://plant_disease.ippc.orst.edu
http://korban.nres.vivc.edu
intensive, intensive-
demerits-
bacterial
and
metabolic-general
control
and
preventive measures.
16. Viral diseases-foot and mouth andr. bacterial diseases, anthrax, hemorrhagic
septicemia- black quarter - metabolic- tympanites, acidosis, ketosis and milk
fever.
17. Mid semester examination.
18. Sheep and goat farming-classification of breeds of Indian and exotic origin
nomenclature alone - economic traits.
19. Systems of rearing-housing management - type design- floor diagram-space
requirement for adult and young stock.
20. Care and management of ram, ewe and lamb-nutrition- feeds and fodder for
small ruminants.
21. Care and management of buck, doe and kid- nutrition- flushing.
22. Common ailments of sheep and goat-sheep pox-foot and mouth-blue tongueenterotoxaemia Ecto and endo parasites.
23. Swine husbandry Common breeds of exotic origin-nomenclature aloneeconomic traits- housing of Swine.
24. Care and management of sow, boar and piglets-nutrition- creep feeding.
25. Disease prevention and control of swine diseases hog cholera, foot and mouth,
ecto and endo parasites.
26. Interrelationship between poultry husbandry and agriculture-classification of
breeds viz. layer, broiler and dual purpose-nomenclature of commercial strains
of layer and broiler.
27. Care and management of new arrivals-brooder management.
28. Systems of housing- deep litter and cage system- floor space requirementcommon litter material-litter management-merits and demerits.
29. Care and management of layers- vaccination schedule. preservation of eggs
30. Care and management of broilers-vaccination schedule.
31. Incubation and hatching of eggs.
32. Nutrition-feed formulation-composition of chick, grower, layer broiler starter
and Finisher mashes-Feed
egg or
kg of meat
production.
33. Classification of disease viral bacterial - protozoan- causative organisms,
symptoms and prevention viral diseases- ranikhet IBD-avian flu.
34. Bacterial
disease-E.coli-coryza-salmonellosis-protozoancoccidiosis-casuative
www.animalwebsites.co.uk
www.intervet.com/species/pigs/websites.aspx
www.britishangoragoats.org.uk/management.htm
www.indiagoatfarm.com
www.indiadairy.com
www.indiagronet.com
www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca
www.fil-idf.org
Lecture schedule
1. Farm power in India - human, animal, mechanical and electrical energy sources
and their use in agriculture
2. Two stroke and four stroke engines, working principles, applications - types,
power and efficiency
3. Different systems of IC engine cooling, lubricating, fuel injection systems
4. Tractors- types and utilities
5. Tillage, objectives, types - ploughing methods. Field capacity and field efficiency.
6. Primary tillage, objectives, mould board ,disc plough, chisel plough and
subsoiler, components and functions, types, advantages and disadvantages.
7. Secondary tillage equipments harrows, land forming equipments rotaravators
wet land equipment puddlers and manure tramplers cage wheels
8. Sowing methods - seed drills, seed cum fertilizer drills - components and
functions
9. Mid semester examination
10. Paddy transplanters, types, working principle, field and nursery requirements
11. Implements for intercultural operations cultivators, sweep, junior hoe, manual
weeders and power operated weeders for wet and garden land
12. Sprayers and their functions, classification, manually operated sprayers, power
sprayers - Dusters, types and uses
13. Harvesting tools and equipments- sickles, paddy reapers and combine Harvesting machinery for groundnut, tuber crops Sugarcane harvesters
14. Tools for horticultural crops propagation tools, planters and harveting tools
and machinery
15. Equipment for land development and soil conservation - dozers, levelers, chisel
plough, sub soil plough, blade harrow, bund former
16. Cost of operation of farm machinery problem solving
17. Tractor and implement selection for different agricultural operations
Practical schedule
1. Study of working of two and four stroke petrol IC engine
Outcome
At the end of the course, the learner is expected to be able to:
1.
Identify the main features that confer a microorganism the potential interest to
industry.
2.
3.
4.
Understand the concepts of probiotics and the good bacteria involved in the
production of fermented beverages and foods.
Further reading
1. Adams, M. R. 2008. Food Microbiology (3rd edition), Panima Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi
2. Casida, L.E. 2006. Industrial Microbiology, New Age International Publishers,
New Delhi.
3. Cruger, W and A. Cruger. 2004. Biotechnology-A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology, 2nd Ed. Panima.
4. Demain, A.L and Davies, J.E. 1999. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, II nd Edition, ASM press, Washington, D.C.
5. El-Mansi and Bryce. 2002. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology,
S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.
6. Frazier, W.C., Westhoff, D. C. 2003. Food Microbiology, 4th Edition. Mc Graw
Hill, Inc, USA.
e reference
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index/php/microbewiki
II Year IV Semester
Sl.
Course
No
Number
1.
FSC 201
Course Title
Credit
Hours
2+1
2.
PSM 201
2+1
3.
HOR 204
Study Tour I
0+1
4.
ABT 201
Principles of Biotechnology
1+1
5.
SST 212
1+1
6.
SER 201
Sericulture Technology
1+1
7.
ARM 201
1+1
8.
STA 201
Applied Statistics
1+1
9.
SWE 211
2+1
10.
ERG 211
Renewable Energy
1+0
11.
FOR 211
1+1
Total 13+10=23
FSC 201 Production Technology of Sub Tropical and Temperate Fruit Crops 2 + 1
Aim
To impart knowledge about the cultivation aspects of sub tropical and temperate
fruit crops
Theory
Unit I
Subtropical, temperate and humid zones of India and Tamil Nadu
Classification of subtropical and temperate fruits Area, production, scope and
importance, role on national economy of temperate and subtropical fruit crops.
Unit II
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars, soil and
climatic requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density
and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water and weed management
- training and pruning flowering, pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth
regulators Physiological disorders and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post
harvest handling
mangosteen, litchi, loquat, rambutan, carambola, durian, passion fruit and rose apple.
Unit IV
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars. soil and
climatic requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density
and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water and weed management
- training and pruning problems in flowering, pollination and fruit set planting of
pollinizers - use of plant growth regulators Physiological disorders and remedies maturity indices and harvest - post harvest handling and storage - production
constraints of apple, pear, peach, plum, strawberry, sweet and sour cherry, black and
raspberry, currants, apricot, kiwi, persimmon.
Unit V
Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars. soil and
climatic requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density
and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water and weed management
- training and pruning flowering, pollination and fruit set planting of pollinizers use of plant growth regulators Physiological disorders and remedies - maturity
indices and harvest - post harvest handling and storage - production constraints of
pistachio nut, macadamia nut, almond, walnut, pecan nut, chest nut and hazel nut.
Practical
Description and identification of important varieties of sub tropical and
temperate fruits selection, pre-treatment and intercultural operations in hill banana
systems of training, pruning, propagation methods, use of growth regulators in grapes physiological disorders and remedies in major fruit crops
- Study of varieties
Lecture schedule
1. Temperate, Subtropical and humid zones of India and Tamil Nadu
Classification of temperate and subtropical fruits.
2. Area, production, scope and importance, role on national economy of sub
tropical and temperate fruits.
3. Hill Banana - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management, training and pruning - use of plant
growth regulators - physiological disorders and remedies - maturity indices and
harvest post harvest handling - ripening and storage
4. Mandarin - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling - ripening
and storage - production constrains
5. Grape fruit and Pummelo - Composition and uses origin and distribution
species and cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field
preparation - spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after
care - nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling - ripening
and storage of - production constrains
6. Grapes - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set - use of plant growth regulators
12. Rambutan and Carambola - Composition and uses origin and distribution
species and cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field
preparation - spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after
care - nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling - ripening
and storage.
13. Durian and Rose apple - Composition and uses origin and distribution
species and cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field
preparation - spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after
care - nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling - ripening
and storage - production constraints
14. Passion fruit - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies - maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling - ripening
and storage - production constrains
15. Introduction to temperate fruit crops climatic requirements and growth
physiology
16. Bearing habits and training systems of temperate fruit crops
17. Apple - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning problems in flowering,
pollination and fruit set planting pollinizers
18. Apple - use of plant growth regulators, physiological disorders and remedies
maturity indices and harvest - post harvest handling and storage.
19. Mid semester examination.
20. Pear - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars soil
and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning problems in flowering,
pollination and fruit set planting pollinizers - use of plant growth regulators,
physiological disorders and remedies maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage.
21. Peach - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning problems in flowering,
pollination and fruit set planting pollinizers - use of plant growth regulators,
physiological disorders and remedies maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage.
22. Plum - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning problems in flowering,
pollination and fruit set planting pollinizers - use of plant growth regulators,
physiological disorders and remedies maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage.
23. Strawberry - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage
24. Cherries - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage
25. Raspberry, Black Berry and Currants - Composition and uses origin and
distribution species and cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation main field preparation - spacing, planting density and cropping systems.
Planting and after care - nutrients, water and weed management - training and
pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit set use of growth regulators, maturity
indices and harvest - post harvest handling and storage
26. Apricot - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage
27. Kiwi - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars soil
and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage
28. Persimmon - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage
29. Pistachio nut - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage
30. Macadamia nut - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage
31. Almond - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage
32. Walnut - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and cultivars
soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation - spacing,
planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care - nutrients, water
and weed management - training and pruning - flowering, pollination and fruit
set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest - post harvest
handling and storage
33. Pecan Nut - Composition and uses origin and distribution species and
cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field preparation spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after care nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage
34. Chestnut and hazel Nut - Composition and uses origin and distribution
species and cultivars soil and climate requirements - propagation - main field
preparation - spacing, planting density and cropping systems. Planting and after
care - nutrients, water and weed management - training and pruning - flowering,
pollination and fruit set - use of growth regulators, maturity indices and harvest post harvest handling and storage - production constraints of nuts.
Practical schedule
1. Hill banana - description, pre treatment of suckers intercultural operations
viz., de suckering and clump management
2. Description of mandarin, pummelo and grape fruit, budding and training
practices
3. Visit to sub-tropical fruit zones and identification of sub-tropical varieties
4. Grape varieties, propagation methods and use of growth regulators
5. Training and pruning practices in grapes
6. Identification of physiological disorders and remedies in grapes, mandarin,
pummelo and grape fruit
7. Identification and description of varieties of avocado, litchi and passion fruit
8. Study of varieties, propagation, propagation, planting systems and growth
regulation in pine apple
9. Description of varieties and propagation methods of mangosteen, loquat and
carambola
10. Visit to temperate orchards and identification of temperate fruit varieties
11. Description of apple and pear varieties
12. Study of propagation and growth regulation of apple and pear
13. Description of plum and peach varieties
14. Study of propagation and growth regulation of plum and peach
15. Identification and description of temperate nut crops
16. Study of maturity indices in major sub tropical and temperate fruit crops
17. Practical Examination
Text Books
1. Bose, T. K. S. K. Mitra, and D. S. Rathore. 1998. Temperate Fruits - Nayaprakash,
Calcutta
2. Bose, T. K. 1996. Fruits of India Tropical and sub tropical. Nayaprakash,
Calcutta
3. Bose, T.K., S.K. Mitra and D. Sanyal 2001, Fruits : Tropical and Subtropical (2
volumes) Naya Udyog, Calcutta.
4. Bose, T.K., S.K.Mitra, A.A. Farooqi and M.K. Sadhu (Eds) 1999. Tropical
Horticulture Vol.1. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.
5. Chadha, K.L. 2001. Handbook of Horticulture. ICAR, Delhi
6. Chattopadhyay, T.K., 2001. A Text Book on Pomology (4 volumes) Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
7. Mitra, S. K., T. K. Bose and D. S. Rathore. 1990. Temperate fruits. Horticulture
and Allied Publishers.
8. Veeraraghavathatham, D., M. Jawaharlal, S. Jeeva and S. Rabindran 1996.
Scientific Fruit culture, Suri Associates, Coimbatore.
Further reading
1. T. K. Bose & S. K. Mitra, 1990. Fruits : Tropical and subtropical Nayaprakash,
Bidhan Saranai, Calcutta 700 116, India
2. Pal, J.S. 1997. Fruit Growing. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Sadhu, M.K. and P.K. Chattopadhyay.2001. Introductory Fruit Crops. Naya
Prokash, Calcutta.
4. Singh, S.P. 1995. Commercial Fruits. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
e references
www.fruits-mg.com
www.fruits.com
www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton
www.bouquetoffruits.com
http://www.ishs.org
Journals
Punjab Hort. J.
J. of Ameri. Soc. of Hort. Sci.
Acta Hort.
South Indian Horticulture
harvest and yield- processing storage methods of extraction of essential oil constraints.
8. Fenugreek and Fennel - importance-origin and distribution-area and productioncomposition and uses- varieties - soil and climate - propagation - planting nutrient, water and weed management cropping systems harvest and yield processing - constraints.
9. Clove and Nutmeg importance - origin and distribution - area and production composition and uses varieties - soil and climate - propagation - planting nutrient, water and weed management mixed cropping system harvest and
yield - processing - constraints.
10. Cinnamon and Tamarind - importance-origin and distribution-area and
production-composition and uses- varieties - soil and climate - propagation planting - nutrient, water and weed management cropping systems harvest
and yield-processing - constraints.
11. History and development scope and importance Indian and world scenario
of plantation crops.
12. Area and production of plantation crops export and import potentials role in
national and state economy - institutions involved in research and development
13. Coffee - importance soil and climate varieties composition and uses
propagation - Nursery management - planting of coffee nutrient, water and
weed management mulching- Mixed and inter cropping- shade management
training and pruning role of growth regulators nutritional disorders harvest
and yield pulping grading - organic production - constraints.
14. Tea - importance soil and climate varieties - propagation nursery
management - Planting of tea nutrient, water and weed management
mulching cropping systems- mixed and inter cropping shade regulation
training and pruning role of growth regulators nutritional disorders
harvest and yield - processing- organic production-constraints.
nutrient, water and weed management cropping systems maturity indices harvest and yield - processing - constraints.
25. Paprika importance - origin and distribution - area and production composition and uses - varieties - soil and climate - sowing - nutrient, water and
weed management maturity indices - harvest and yield - processing- storage constraints.
26. Vanilla importance - origin and distribution - area and production composition and use - varieties - soil and climate - propagation nutrient, water
and weed management harvest and yield - processing / curing value added
products constraints.
27. Curry leaf importance - origin and distribution - area and production composition and uses - varieties - soil and climate - propagation Planting nutrient, water and weed management harvest and yield value added
products - constraints.
28. Thyme, Celery and Parsely importance - origin and distribution - area and
production - composition and uses- varieties - soil and climate - sowing nutrient, water and weed management harvest and yield constraints.
29. Betel vine importance - origin and distribution - area and production composition and uses - varieties - soil and climate - propagation land
preparation and planting - nutrient, water and weed management harvest and
yield grading - packaging and storage -constraints.
30. GAP in Spices and Plantation Crops
31. Organic Production of Spices and Plantation Crops
32. Precession farming in Turmeric and Coriander
33. IPR for Spices and Plantation Crops
34. Final theory examination.
Practical schedule
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Coconut and Arecanut - mother palm and seed nut selection - preparation of
nursery - sowing of seed nuts and nursery management.
8.
Coconut practice in manuring- study of nutritional disorders and correction root feeding of coconut tonic and implements used for harvesting.
9.
Harvesting, curing and cleaning of seed spices. Working out cost economics of
spice crops.
1.
2.
3.
Alice Kurian and K.V. Peter. 2007. Commercial Crops Technology, Horticultural
Sciences Series Vol-8. ed. by K.V. Peter, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Sanjeev Agarval, E.V. Divakara Sastry and R.K. Sahrama. 2001. Seed Spices:
Production, quality and export. Pointer Publishers, Jaipur.
11. Pruthi, J.S, 1998. Major Spices of India. Crop management and Postharvest
technology. ICAR publication, New Delhi.
12. Chadha, K.L and P. Rethinam (ed.) 1994. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 10 & 11.
Spices and Plantation Crops.
13. Kumar, N, Md. Abdul Khader, P. Rangasamy, and I. Irulappan, 1994.
Spices,
www.aicc.gov.ap
http://www.spices.rec.in
www.iisr.org
www.kissankerala.ner
www.coconutboard.nic.in
Journals
1. Indian J. Arecanut, Spices and Medicinal Plants
2. J. Plantation Crops
3. Spice India
4. Indian Journal of Horticulture
5. Indian Journal of Agriculture Sciences
6. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops.
Lecture schedule
1. History and concepts in plant tissue culture- totipotency, dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation
2. Nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture
3. Morphogenesis- direct and indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis
4. An overview about different tissue culture techniques -Callus and suspension
cultures, shoot tip and meristem tip culture, anther and pollen culture
5. Ovule and embryo culture, endosperm culture and protoplast culture
6. Structure of nucleic acids
7. Central dogma of life replication, transcription and translation.
8. Fine structure of gene and prokaryotic gene regulation - Lac operon
9. Mid semester examination
10. Polymerase Chain Reaction, blotting techniques and DNA sequencing methods
11. Recombinat DNA, vectors - plasmids, phagemids, cosmids, BAC, YAC
12. DNA manipulation enzymes- polymerase, restriction endonucleases and ligases
13. Construction of recombinant DNA molecules and bacterial transformation
14. Design of plant transformation vectors - selectable markers and reporter genes,
promoters.
15. Methods of gene transfer- microinjection, electroporation, particle bombardment,
Agrobacterium mediated methods
16. Antigens, antibodies and their structure, antigen-antibody interaction
17. Monoclonal, polyclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology
Practical schedule
1. Laboratory organization and sterilization techniques
2. Preparation of MS medium
3. Inoculation of explant -shoot tip
4. Embryo culture
5. Preparation of reagents for plasmid and DNA isolation
6. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria
7. Extraction of genomic DNA from leaf tissue
8. Quantification of DNA by spectrophotometer
9. Genomic DNA visualization using agarose gel electrohoresis
10. Restriction digestion and ligation
11. Competent cell preparation
12. Bacterial transformation and blue white colony screening
13. Demonstration of Agrobacterium mediated transformation method
14. Amplification of DNA using thermocycler
15. Analysis of PCR products in agarose gel electrophoresis
16. Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion
17. Practical examination.
Outcome
Students will acquire both basic knowledge and hands on experience in plant
tissue culture, molecular biology and genetic engineering
Text books
1. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. 2006. Plant Tissue Culture Studies Theory and
Practice. Elsevier Publication.
2. Gupta, P.K. 2005. Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi Publication, India.
3. Malacinski, M. and D. Friefelder. 2003. Essentials of molecular biology. IV Ed.
Jones and Bartlett publishers, Boston
4. Singh, B.D. 2004. Frontier areas in Biotechnology. Kalyani Publications, New
Delhi.
Further reading
1. Chawla, H.S. 2005. Introduction to plant biotechnooogy, India.
2. Lehninger. 2004. Principles of Biochemistry. CBS Publications, New Delhi.
3. Brown, T.A. 2006. Gene cloning - An introduction. V Ed. Chapman Hill, U.K.
e references
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
www.nal.usda.gov.
www.cellbio.com1
http://www.tamucommerce.edu/coas/agscience/clasnote/pls497/PlantTissueWeb
http://www.uni-bonn.de/-ulp50bltissuecufture.htm
www.gramene.org
www.nias.go.jp
production
in
cabbage,
cauliflower
(cruciferae)
carrot
moringa
Practical
Planning
production plot - - emasculation and dusting techniques (tomato/ brinjal /okra) different seed extraction methods pre- germinated seed and ethrel spray in cucurbits
- visit to vegetable seed industry - dormancy breaking treatments - visit to seed
production plots of temperate vegetables (ICHS, Ooty) - seed grading techniques - seed
production standards for vegetative propagules - visit to seed potato production plots germination enhancement techniques tropical vegetables - temperate vegetables medicinal crops - flower crops - pre-storage seed treatment and packing materials - seed
storage structures and godown maintenance - recalcitrant seed storage.
Practical schedule
1. Planning seed production
2. Identification of off types in vegetables seed production plot
3. Practising emasculation and dusting techniques (tomato/ brinjal /okra)
4. Practising different seed extraction methods
5. Study on pre germinated seed and ethrel spray in cucurbits
6. Visit to vegetable seed industry
7. Practising dormancy breaking treatments
8. Visit to seed production plots of temperate vegetables (ICHS, Ooty)
9. Practicing seed grading techniques
10. Study on seed production standards for vegetative propagules
11. Visit to seed potato production plots
12. Germination enhancement techniques in tropical and temperate vegetables
13. Germination enhancement techniques in flower and medicinal crops
14. Practising pre storage seed treatment and packing materials
15. Study on seed storage structures and maintenance
16. Study on recalcitrant seed storage
17. Final practical examination
References
Text book
P.S.Arya. 1995. Vegetable seed production principles. Kalyani Publishers. New
Delhi.
S.P.Singh. 1999. Seed production of commercial vegetables. Kalyani Publishers.
New Delhi.
Raymond A.T. George. 1985. Vegetable seed production. Longman and Londen,
New York.
Further reading
1. K.Vanangamudi et al., 2006. Advances in Seed Science and Technology.
Vol. 2. Quality seed production in vegetables. Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur.Agrobiosindia.com
2. R.Umarani, R.Jerlin, N.Natarajan, P.Masilamani and A.S.Ponnuswamy
(2006) Experimental Seed Science and Technology, Agrobios, Jodhpur.
3. T.S.Verma and S.C.Sharma (2000) Producing Seeds of Biennial Vegetables
in Temperate Regions. ICAR, New Delhi.
Unit V
Pests and diseases of silkworm and their management post cocoon technology
stifling to weaving. Byproducts of sericulture - non mulberry silkworms eri, tasar
and muga silkworms.
Lecture schedule
1. Importance of sericulture History of sericulture silk road Organizations in
sericulture industry Mulberry origin species Morphology of mulberry
plant importance of different morphological characters influencing leaf yield.
2. Ecological requirements for mulberry cultivation soil type mulberry varieties
Methods of propagation merits and demerits selection of semi hard wood
cuttings Nursery preparation Main field preparation methods of planting
pit, row, paired row and Kolar system of planting merits and demerits.
3. Nutritional requirements organic, inorganic and biofertilizers Intercropping
Water management Types of weeds and their management.
4. Pruning methods bottom, middle, Kolar or strip system of pruning Methods
of
Bulletin 15/2. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome,
131 p.
5. Rangaswami,
G.,M.N.Narasimhanna,
K.Kasiviswanathan,
C.R.Sastry
and
functions III
STA 201
Applied Statistics 1 + 1
Aim
To provide a good knowledge of basic statistical techniques for the analysis
and interpretation of data including descriptive statistical measures, tests of significance
and applications of various design of experiments.
Theory
Unit I Descriptive statistics
Measures of central tendency: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean,
median and mode properties Measures of dispersion: range, standard deviation,
variance and coefficient of variation properties. computation of the above measures
for raw data.
Unit II Probability distributions and sampling theory
Distributions theoretical distribution binomial, poisson and normal
distributions definitions and properties.
Sampling theory population sample parameter and statistic sampling vs
complete enumeration deliberate sampling simple random sampling selection
using random numbers.
Unit III Tests of significance
Tests of significance large sample test single mean and difference between
two means single proportion and difference between two proportions. Small sample
tests t-test for testing the significance of single mean independent t-test (equal
variances only) and paired t test chi square test for testing the association of a 2 x 2
contingency table.
Unit IV Correlation and regression
Correlation Karl Pearsons correlation coefficient computation properties of
correlation coefficient.
Regression simple linear regression fitting of simple linear regression
equation of y on x properties of regression coefficient.
Unit V Analysis of variance and experimental designs
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) assumptions one way ANOVA two way
ANOVA.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Large samples test single mean and difference between two means single
proportion and difference between two proportions
9.
10. Small sample tests t-test for single mean and difference between two means for equal
variances paired t test chi square test for testing the association of a 2 x 2
contingency table
11. Correlation meaning assumptions scatter diagram types positive and negative
correlation Karl Pearsons correlation coefficient definition computation and
interpretation of correlation coefficient properties of correlation coefficient uses of
correlation analysis
12. Regression meaning cause and effect simple linear regression regression
coefficients definition fitting of simple linear regression equation y on x properties
of regression coefficient uses of regression analysis.
13. Analysis of Variance definition assumptions uses one way and two way
ANOVA
14. Experimental designs basic concepts experiment, experimental unit, treatment,
block, experimental error Principles of experimental design randomization,
replication, local control
15. Completely randomised design (CRD) for equal replications only randomization
analysis (one way analysis of variance)
16. Randomised block design (RBD) randomization analysis (two way analysis of
variance)
17. Latin square design (LSD) randomization analysis
Practical schedule
1.
Computation of arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median and mode
for raw data
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Large sample test test for single proportion and difference between two proportions
7.
Large sample test test for single mean and difference between two means
8.
Small samples test t-test for single mean t test for difference between two sample
means (equal variances only)
9.
Paired t-test
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Analysis of Latin Square Design (LSD) analysis of CRD, RBD and LSD using
statistical package (AGRES).
16.
Field visit
17.
Outcome
1. The students will acquire skills in statistical analysis manually and using
statistical packages and interpretation of data collected from agricultural
experiments.
Text Books
1.
2.
Reference Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
e reference
http://www.statistics.com/resources/glo.ssary/
www.statsoft.com
http://www.iasri.res.in/ebook/EB_SMAR/index.htm
www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/index.html
http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/
http://www.stattrek.com/
http://www.businessbookmall.com/Statistics Internet Library.htm
http://www.stat-help.com/
www.statsci.org/jourlist.html
2+1
Theory
Unit I Surveying
Surveying and levelling chain, compass and plane table survey levelling
land measurement and computation of area Simpsons rule and Trapezoidal rule.
Unit II Soil erosion
Soil Erosion causes and evil effects of soil erosion geologic and accelerated
erosion - water erosion - causes - erosivity and erodibility - mechanics of water erosion splash, sheet, rill and gully erosion - ravines - land slides wind erosion - factors
influencing wind erosion - mechanics of wind erosion suspension, saltation, surface
creep
Unit III Soil conservation
Erosion control measures for agricultural lands biological measures contour
cultivation strip cropping cropping systems vegetative barriers - windbreaks and
shelterbelts - shifting cultivation - mechanical measures contour bund graded bund
broad beds and furrows basin listing random tie ridging mechanical measures
for hill slopes contour trench bench terrace contour stone wall gully control
structures permanent and temporary structures. Farm ponds percolation pondswatershed management.
Unit IV Irrigation and drainage
Irrigation - measurement of flow in open channels - velocity area method rectangular weir - Cippoletti weir - V notch - orifices - Parshall flume - duty of water irrigation efficiencies - conveyance of irrigation water - canal lining - underground pipe
line system - surface irrigation methods - borders, furrows and check basins - drip and
sprinkler irrigation agricultural drainage - surface drainage systems sub-surface
drainage systems - drainage coefficient-design of open ditches.
11. Erosion control measures for agricultural lands biological measures contour
cultivation strip cropping
12. Cropping systems vegetative barriers - windbreaks and shelterbelts - shifting
cultivation
13. Mechanical measures contour bund graded bund
14. Broad beds and furrows basin listing random tie ridging
15. Mechanical measures for hill slopes contour trench bench terrace contour
stone wall
16. Gully control structures permanent and temporary structures.
17. Mid semester examination.
18. Farm ponds percolation ponds.
19. Irrigation - measurement of flow in open channels - velocity area method
20. Rectangular weir - Cippoletti weir - V notch
21. Orifices - Parshall flume
22. Duty of water - irrigation efficiencies
23. Conveyance of irrigation water - canal lining
24. Underground pipe line system
26. Surface irrigation methods - borders, furrows and check basins
26. Components of drip and sprinkler irrigation system
27. Agricultural drainage need - surface drainage systems
28. Surface drainage systems - drainage coefficient
29. Groundwater occurrence aquifers types
30. Types of wells and sizes
31. Pump types reciprocating pumps centrifugal pumps
32. Turbine pumps submersible pumps
33. Jet pumps Airlift pumps
34. Selection of pumps operation and their maintenance.
Practical schedule
1.
2.
Chains and cross staff surveying - linear measurement - plotting and finding
areas.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
5. Murthy, V.V.N. 2005, Land and water management, Kalyani publishing, New
Delhi.
e References
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Civil-and-Environmental-Engineering/1-72Fall2005/LectureNotes/
http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/mech/ugrad/courses/31d.html
Journals
ASCE journal of irrigation and drainage engineering
ISAE Journal of agricultural engineering
Journal of the Indian society of soil and water conservation published by
CSWCRTI, Dehradun
producer gas and its utilization. Briquettes types of briquetting machines uses of
briquettes shredders.
Unit IV Applications of solar energy
Solar energy solar flat plate and focusing plate collectors solar air
heaters solar space heating and cooling solar energy applications/ solar energy
gadgets solar cookers solar water heating systems solar grain dryers solar
refrigeration system solar ponds solar photo voltaic systems solar lantern - solar
street lights solar fencing solar pumping systems.
Unit V Wind energy, energy plantation and bio-fuels
Wind energy - types of wind mills constructional details and applications.
Energy crops-definition and use of energy plantation- availability- selection of species calorific value and rating index- calculation of area needed for power production from
energy crops. Energy from agricultural wastes liquid Bio fuels -bio diesel and ethanol
from agricultural produce its production & uses.
Lecture schedule
1. Energy
crisis-renewable
energy
sources-
significance-
potential
and
and
electricity
production-
biogas
appliances-environmental
devices solar water heaters principle and applications -solar cookersevacuated tube collector.
12. Solar driers natural and forced convection types working principle drying
of agro-produces in natural as well as forced convection type solar dryers.
13. Solar PV systems principle-water pumping applications-solar lanternprinciple.
14. Solar refrigeration- advantages- applications- absorption refrigeration principle- ammonia-water and Lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
systems
-solar
mechanical
refrigeration.
Solar
pond-principle-types-
biodiesel
production
method-flowchart-components-byproducts-
products
Unit IV Agroforestry
Social forestry concepts and applications JFM concepts - agroforestryagroforestry classification -agroforestry systems for different agro climatic zones of
Tamil Nadu distinction between social forestry and agroforestry
Unit V Urban and recreation forestry
Techniques and management of urbanforestry and recreation forestry
ecotourism concepts and applications.
Practical
Nursery layout and other nursery techniques nursery technology for teak,
dalbergia, neem, eucalyptus,
Silvicultural techniques for some primary timber species teak, sal, rose wood
and sandal
Silvicultural techniques for some fuel wood species (acacias, prosopis) and
match wood species ( ailanthus and melia)
2.
3.
They will gain knowledge on wood and non wood forest products and its
utilization.
References
Text Books
1. Brown, H. 1989. Indian wood technology. IBD Publishers, Dehra Dun.
2. Dwivedi, A.P. 1992. Agroforestry Principles and practices. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
3. Khanna. L.S 1999 Principles and Practice of Silviculture, IBD Publishers, Dehra
Dun
4. Negi. S.S.2008 Hand Book of Forestry, IBD Publishers, Dehra Dun
Further reading
1. Heygreen, G. and J.L.Bowyer. 1982. Forest products and wood science. The
Ohio State University Press, Ames.
2. Lal, J.B. 1992. Indias forest Myth and reality. Natraj Publishers, Dehra
Dun.Journals
3. Indian Journal of Forestry
4. Indian Journal of Agroforestry
e references
www.ITTI.com
www.swsc.com
www.Candia.com
www.ICRAF.com
www.Foris.com
Course
No
Number
1.
FLG 307
2+1
2.
FLG 301
2+1
3.
PSM 301
2+1
4.
VSC 301
0+1
5.
HOR 304
Study Tour - II
0+1
6.
ABT 301
1+1
7.
AEN 311
2+1
8.
AEC 301
1+1
9.
PBG 301
2+1
Course Title
Credit
Hours
Total 12+9=21
2.
Different growing structures of protected culture viz., poly house, net house,
poly tunnels and screen house.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2. Paul V. Nelson. 1991. Green house operation and management. Ball publishing
USA.
Further reading
1. Lyn. Malone, Anita M. Palmer, Christine L. VIoghat Jach Dangeermond. 2002.
Mapping out world: GIS lessons for Education. ESRI press.
2. David Reed. 1996. Water, media and nutrition for green house crops. Ball
publishing USA.
3. Adams, C.R. K.M. Bandford and M.P. Early. 1996. Principles of Horticulture.
CBS publishers and distributors. Darya ganj, New Delhi.
e References
www.icar.org.in/ciphet.html
www.jains.com
www.gisdevelopment.net
www.lasercladding.com
www.epa.gov.
Journals
Hort. Science
Horticultural Technology
Floriculture Today
Hi-tech Horticulture
Aim
botany
and
and
uses-origin
varieties
and
-propagation
distribution-area
and
and
planting-media
botany
and
varieties
environmental
factors-
methods
of
and
marigold-
identification
and
description
of
of
paradise
and
heliconia
identification
and
description
of
Bhattacharjee and De. L.C. 2004 Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Vol. I & II.
Bhattacharjee, S.K., 2004 Advanced commercial floriculture. Vol. I and II.
Bhattacharjee, S.K., 2004 Landscape gardening and design with plants.
Bhattacharjee, S.K., 2004 Post harvest technology of flowers and ornamental
plants.
5. Bose, T.K., Yadav, L.P., Pal. P., Parthasarathy, V.A., Das. P., 2003. Commercial
flowers. Vol. I and II. Naya udyog, Kolkata-6.
6. Prasad, S. and U. Kumar, 1998. Commercial floriculture. Agro Botanica. Bikaner 334 003
7. Vishnu Swarup. 1997. Ornamental Horticulture. Macmillan India Ltd., New
Delhi-2
8. Foja Singh, 1997. Advances in Floriculture. Media Today Pvt Ltd., New Delhi-17
9. Roy.A.Larson.1992. Introduction of Floriculture. International Book Distributing
Co., Lucknow.
10. Bose,T. K. and P. Yadav. 1989. Commercial flowers. Naya Prakash, Calcutta
11. Biswas, T. D. 1984. Rose growing. Principles and practices. Assoc. Pub. Co., New
Delhi
12. Yadav, L., P. and Bose, T. K. 1986. Biology, conservation and culture of orchids.
East-west press private Limited, New Delhi.
13. Bose, T. K. and S. K. Bhattacharjee. 1980. Orchids of India. Naya Prakash,
Calcutta
Journals
Ind. J. of Hort. The Horticultural Society of India, Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi.
J. South Indian Hort., South Indian Horticultural Society, TNAU, Coimbatore.
J.ornamental Hort.
Aim
Lecture schedule
1.
Importance and scope current status Medicinal plant wealth of India and
states Area and production- Exports and imports- Demand in AYUSH and
phytochemicals medicinal plant wealth of India and states area and
production.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
12. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of Stevia and
medicinal solanum
13. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of Isabgol and
medicinal Dioscorea
14. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of rauvolfia and
opium poppy
15. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of vasambu and
vallarai
16. Soil and climate varieties propagation planting methods manuring,
irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of noni
17. Mid semester examination
18. Importance and scope- current status on area and production of aromatic cropsExports and imports of essential oil
19. Demand of aromatic crops in perfumery and cosmetic industries Classification
of essential oils
20. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of Ocimum and
davana
21. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of lemon grass
22. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of citronella
23. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of palmarosa.
24. Soil and climate varieties propagation nursery practices planting methods
manuring, irrigation and intercropping harvest and yield of vetiver.
www.traffic.org.
http://www.pubmed.com
Journals
Amruth
Journal of medicinal and aromatic plants
Journal of Indian Perfumer
0 +2
Practical
Practical training - cum - cultivation in vegetable, flower and spice crop
production in any two transplanted crop (tomato, brinjal, chilli, marigold, gomphrena)
and any two direct sown crop (bhendi, amaranthus, radish, aggregatum onion,
vegetable crops coriander) seed treatment raising nursery - sowing seeds- field
preparation- transplanting, manuring, irrigation, weed control, inter culture - plant
protection and harvesting postharvest handling seed extraction - maintenance of
cultivation sheet - working out benefit/cost ratio.
Practical Schedule
1. Practice in raising nursery for transplanted vegetables.
2. Seed treatment, sowing and after care.
3. Practicing application of FYM and main field preparation.
4. Formation of beds, ridges and furrows.
5. Application of basal dressing of fertilizers.
6. Practising transplanting of vegetables.
7. Practising herbicide application.
8. Practising scheduling of irrigation.
9. Practising gap filling operation.
10. Practising top dressing and earthing up operation.
11. Practising PGR preparation and application.
12. Practising pesticide, fungicide application and other inter cultural operations.
13. Practising harvest and assessing maturity index
14. Practising seed extraction, processing, cleaning, grading, packaging and
marketing.
15. Practising grading, packaging and marketing
16. Cost economics of production
17. Practical examination
18. Practising raising nursery for transplanted flower and spice crops
9. Nem Pal Singh, A.K. Bharadwaj, Abnish Kumar and K.M.Singh.2004. Modern
technology on vegetable production. International Book Distributing company,
Lucknow.
10. Pal, A.K., A.B. Sarangi and U. Thapa. 2006. Varieties of horticultural Crops.
Agro-tech Publishing Academy, New Delhi.
11. Prem Singh Arya. 2002. A text book of vegetable culture, Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
e references
www.ashs.org
www.ag.vidho.edu/mg/handbook/mgh 19.pdf
www.ikisan.com
http://www.hort.purdue.edu
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu
http://www.avrdc.org
http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu
http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub//vegetables
http://www.icar.org.in/dipa/events/ICAR.NEWS/volume-II
http://www.hos.ufl.edu/protectedAgl
http://ohioline.osu.edu/b672
Aim
To impart knowledge on recent advances in the applications of plant molecular
biology and biotechnology in crop improvement
Theory
Unit I Plant tissue culture and applications
Micropropagation and successful examples- meristem culture and
production of virus free plants - protoplast isolation and fusion - somatic hybrids.
Somaclonal variation, synthetic seeds - Doubled haploids - National certification system
for TC plants- in vitro germplasm conservation
Unit II Molecular marker technology
DNA markers -different kinds -hybridization based RFLP -PCR based
markers - AFLP, RAPD, SSR and SNPs - DNA fingerprinting of varieties -gene tagging
- marker assisted selection and its application in crop improvement.
Unit III Transgenic technology
Transgenic plants for biotic and abiotic stress resistance and quality
improvement-current status at national and international level- detection of GMOs biosafety and bioethics
Unit IV Molecular pharming
Plants as biofactories production of vaccines, therapeutic proteins, industrial
enzymes and bioplastics
Unit V Bioprospecting
Discovery of novel compounds from plants - secondary metabolites callus
and cell suspension culture, bioreactors for plant cell culture.
Practical
Micropropagation of banana and rose. Meristem culture of cassava-virus
indexing -DNA fingerprinting using RAPD and SSR markers- NTsys analysis - an
example of marker assisted selection -transformation of tobacco, analysis of transgenic
plants- PCR, strip assay of Bt cotton, ELISA for protein expression analysis -Callus and
cell suspension culture-extraction and quantification of secondary metabolitesantimicrobial assay, visit to GC-MS, HPLC lab
Lecture schedule
1. Micropropagation of commercially viable crops banana and ornamental plants
2. Meristem culture and production of virus free plants - disease detection and
indexing- PCR ,ELISA
3. Protoplast isolation and fusion- production of somatic hybrids
4. Synthetic seeds, Somaclonal variation and applications,
5. National certification system for TC plants
6. Herbicide tolerant, biotic stress resistant transgenic plants- pest and disease
resistant
7. Abiotic stress resistant transgenic plants Drought, salinity and temperature
8. Transgenic plants engineered for quality traits- enhancement of nutrition quality
, shelf life
9. Mid semester examination
10. Detection of GMOs, Indian regulatory guidelines, biosafety and bioethics
11. Current status of transgenic crops at national and global level
12. DNA markers -hybridization and PCR based markers
13. DNA fingerprinting of varieties and gene tagging
14. Marker Assisted Selection and its application in crop improvement.
15. Plants as biofactories Production of recombinant proteins- Vaccines,
therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes and bio plastics
16. Discovery of novel compounds from plants- importance of secondary
metabolites.
17. Callus and Cell suspension culture, bioreactors for plant cell cultures.
Practical schedule
1. Micropropagation of banana
2. Micropropagation of rose
3. Meristem culture of tapioca
4. Virus indexing in banana and tapioca
5. Transformation of tobacco and analysis of transgenic plants - PCR
6. Visit to Bt cotton field and strip assay for detecting Cry protein
7. ELISA for Cry protein expression analysis
8. DNA isolation
9. DNA fingerprinting using RAPD primers
10. NTsys analysis
11. Hybrid identification using SSR marker
12. Callus culture
13. Cell suspension culture
14. Extraction of secondary metabolites
15. Antimicrobial assay using food poisoning technique
16. Visit to commercial tissue culture lab / biotech lab/GC-MS, HPLC lab
17. Practical Examination
Outcome
Students are exposed to current status of the applications of molecular
manipulations in crop improvement.
Text Book
1. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. 2006. Plant Tissue Culture Studies Theory and
Practice. Elsevier Publication.
2. Gupta, P.K. 2005.Molecular Biology and genetic engineereing. Rastogi
Publication, India.
3. Malacinski, M. and D. Friefelder. 2003. Essentials of molecular biology. IV Ed.
Jones and Bartlett publishers, Boston
4. Singh, B.D. 2004. Frontier areas in Biotechnology. Kalyani Publications, New
Delhi.
Further Reading
1. Chawla, H.S. 2005. Introduction to plant biotechnooogy, India.
2. Lehninger. 2004. Principles of Biochemistry. CBS Publications, New Delhi.
3. Brown, T.A. 2006. Gene cloning - An introduction. V Ed. Chapman Hill, U.K.
4. Slater A, 2008.Plant Biotechnology The Genetic Manipulation of Plants
2edition Oxford University Press , London
e references
http://www.agbiotechnet.com.
http://www.agbioworld.org
http://www.cropgen.org.
http://www.isaaa.org.
http://www.agbiosafety.unl.edu/.
Unit V Pests of ornamental and medicinal plants, tree crops, lawn, turf, dry fruits and
apiculture
Distribution, bionomics, symptoms of damage and management strategies of
insect and non insect pests of rose, jasmine, crossandra, chrysanthemum, tuberose and
gloriosa, coleus, phyllanthus, aswagantha, neem, teak, subabul, tamarind, sandalwood,
eucalyptus, casurina, lawn, turf and cutflowers, dry fruits, nuts and other horticultural
products. maintenance of honey bee colonies in orchards
Practical
Identification of symptoms of damage and life stages of important pests of
different horticultural crops: vegetables, fruits, tubers, spices, plantation crops,
ornamentals, medicinal plants lawn, turf, cut flowers, tree crops, dry fruits, nuts and
other horticultural products. Establishment and maintenance of honeybee colonies
Assignment
Collection and submission of 50 pests of horticultural crops
Rearing a minimum of 20 insect pests and preparation of two riker mounts of pests of
horticultural crops
Lecture schedule
1.
Insect ecology Role of biotic (food, competition, parasitoids and predators, host
plants) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, microclimate etc) on
pest abundance.
2.
Pest definition, categories and causes of outbreak, Economic injury level (EIL)
and economic threshold level (ETL). Principles of integrated pest managementmethods.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Practical schedule
Identification of symptoms of damage and life stages of important
1. Pests of brinjal, bhendi and tomato
2. Pests of amaranthus, moringa, chillies, coriander and curry leaf
3. Pests of crucifers and cucurbits
4. Pests of mango, citrus and sapota
5. Pests of banana, grapevine, guava and jamun
6. Pests of Pomegranate, amla, papaya, ber and apple
7. Pests of potato, sweet potato and tapioca
8. Pests of coconut and arecanut
9. Pests of coffee and tea
10. Pests of cashew, rubber and cocoa
11. Pests of onion, turmeric and tamarind
12. Pests of cardamom, pepper and betelvine
13. Pests of rose, jasmine, crossandra, chrysanthemum and tuberose
14. Pests of gloriosa, coleus, neem, teak and subabul
15. Pests of sandalwood, eucalyptus, lawn, turf, and cut flowers
16. Pests of dry fruits, nuts and other horticultural products
17. Practical examination
Text Books
1. Ayyar, T.V.R. 1963, Hand Book of Economics Entomology for South India.
Govt. Press Madras.
2. David, B.V. 2006. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot,
Chennai.
3. Butani, D.K. 2009. Insects and Fruits. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New
Delhi.
4. Butani, D.K. and M.G.Jotwani, 1984. Insects of Vegetables. Periodical Expert
Book Agency, New Delhi.
5. Srivastava, K.P. and D.K.Butani, 1998. Pest Management in Vegetables (Part I &
of
product
transformation
Enterprise
relationship:
joint
products
on
factor-product
relationship-
determination
of
least-cost
7. Cost concepts and cost curves: total, average and marginal cost concepts and
curves, economics of scale.
8. Determination of optimum input and output: input approach and output
approach - physical and economic optimum.
9. Mid semester examination
10. Factor-factor relationship : meaning- isoquant definition and types - isoquant
map - marginal rate of technical substitution - factor intensity isoclines ridge
line
11. Returns to scale elasticity of factor substitution- iso-cost line principle of
factor substitution and least cost combination of inputs Expansion path - Effect
of input price changes on the least cost combination
12. Product-product relationship: Meaning production possibility curve marginal
rate of product transformation - Enterprise relationship: joint products
complementary supplementary competitive products
13. Iso-revenue line optimum combination of products principle of equi-marginal
returns Principle of opportunity cost
14. Farm planning : importance characteristics of good farm plan farm planning
procedure
15. Budgeting : definition and types complete budgeting partial budgeting
enterprise budgeting cash flow budgeting limitations of budgeting
16. Linear programming : Assumptions Linear programming model defined
graphical solution - advantages and limitations
17. Risk and uncertainty : definition types of risk and uncertainty safeguards
against risk and uncertainty
Practical schedule
1. Estimation of Optimum input output combination.
2. Determination of least-cost combination
3. Determination of optimum product combination
4. Computation of cost concepts- cost of cultivation and cost of production of
agricultural/horticultural crops
Practical
Observation on reproductive and pollination systems in plants Alternation of
generation and life cycle Description and drawing of different pollination systems
Mechanisms enforcing self and cross pollination Morphology of pollengrains
Assessment of pollen fertility and sterility in A, B, and R line Maintenance of A, B
lines. Emasculation technique Selfing and crossing techniques Breeder kit Layout
of different trials Irradiation dosimetry Half life period Procedure for irradiation
Chemical mutagenesis Molar solution Procedure for treatment Calculation of
heterosis, PCV, GCV, heritability, genetic advance genetic divergence Records
maintained Wild species maintenance and utilization - screening method for specific
traits marker assisted selection.
Lecture schedule
1. Objectives and role of plant breeding - historical perspective activities in Plant
Breeding.
2. Centres of origin contribution of Vavilov, Harlan, Zhukovosky law of
homologous series.
3. Plant genetic resources importance germplasm types activities gene
erosion - gene bank collection - conservation types of conservation agencies
quarantine.
4. Germplasm: evaluation use of descriptors, documentation, utilization;
Agencies national and international; germplasm exchange quarantine.
5. Modes of reproduction sexual asexual - self and cross fertilization
significance of pollination.
6. Self incompatibility classifications mechanisms application measures to
over come and limitations.
7. Sterility male sterility introduction classification CMS,GMS,CGMS
inheritance and applications.
8. TGMS,PGMS, Gametocides, Transgenic Male sterility and applications.
9. Apomixis-introduction-classification-applications.
structure
of
population
in
cross
pollinated
crop
a. Chopra, V. L., 1994. Plant breeding theory and practice. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
b. Sharma, J. R. 1994. Principles and practice of plant breeding Tata McGraw-Hill
publishing Co., New Delhi.
c. Allard, R. 1989. Principles of plant breeding. John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.
d. Russell, G. E. 1985. Progress in Plant Breeding. Butter Worths, England.
e. Chaudhary, H. K. 1980. Elementary principles of plant breeding. Oxford and
IBH publication Co., New Delhi
e References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_breeding
http://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/breed.htm
http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/gpb/
http://www.stumbleupon.com/tag/plant-breeding/
http://www.iaea.org/
Course
No
Number
1.
VSC 302
2+1
2.
FLG 302
2+1
3.
EXP 301
Experiential Learning
0+5
4.
ENS 311
1+1
5.
NST 301
1+0
6.
PSM 401
0+2
7.
ENG 301
0+1
8.
FSN 311
2+1
AEX 301
1+1
AEC 302
1+1
9.
10.
Credit
Hours
Course Title
Total 10+14=24
and
palmyrah.
Unit V Flower crops, medicinal and aromatic crops
Floral biology, methods of breeding and achievements in crop improvement of
flower crops: rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, carnation
and tropical orchids, medicinal crops : senna, gloriosa and coleus and aromatic crops:
mint and cymbopogon.
Practical
Floral biology and pollination mechanism- study of wild relatives-practices in
selfing and crossing procedures in the crops: mango, banana, citrus, sapota,
pomegranate papaya, guava, aonla, custard apple, tomato, chilli, brinjal , bhendi,
tapioca , sweet potato, peas, beans, bitter gourd, watermelon and cucumber, onion,
amaranth, annual moringa, coriander, coconut and gloriosa - Exploitation of heterosis
and techniques of F1 hybrid production-Mutation and mutagenic treatments-Methods
of induction of polyploidy- Identification of elite trees Procedure for release of new
varieties DUS testing.
Lecture schedule
1. Breeding strategies, with its of self pollinated crops merits and demerits and
methods of improvement
2. Breeding strategies, merits and demerits and methods of improvement of cross
pollinated crops
3. Breeding strategies, merits and demerits and methods of improvement of
asexually propagated crops
4. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of Mango.
5. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of banana.
6. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of acid lime, sweet orange, mandarin orange.
7. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of grapes
8. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of sapota
9. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of papaya
10. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of pomegranate and aonla
11. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of guava and custard apple
1. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of tomato
2. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of brinjal.
3. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of chilli
4. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of bhendi.
5. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of onion
6. Mid semester examination
7. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of bitter gourd and cucumber
8. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of watermelon and bottle gourd
9. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of moringa and amaranth
10. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of tapioca and sweetpotato
11. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of peas and beans
12. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of potato
13. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of carrot, cabbage and cauliflower
14. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of black pepper and cardamom
15. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of clove, nutmeg, coriander and garlic.
16. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of turmeric and ginger
17. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of tea and coffee
18. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of cocoa and cashew.
19. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of coconut, arecanut and palmyrah.
20. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of rose and jasmine
21. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of chrysanthemum and marigold
22. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of tuberose, crossandra, carnation and tropical orchids
23. Floral biology ,breeding strategies and achievements made in crop improvement
of senna, gloriosa, coleus ,mint and cymbopogon
Practical schedule
1. Study of floral biology and pollination mechanism, practices in selfing and
crossing in mango and banana.
2. Study of floral biology and pollination mechanism, practices in selfing and
crossing in citrus, sapota and pomegranate.
3. Study of floral biology and pollination mechanism, practices in selfing and
crossing in papaya, guava and aonla.
4. Study of floral biology and pollination mechanism, practices in selfing and
crossing in tomato and chillies
2.
Singh B. D, 2002. Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods. Fifth Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3.
Prem Singh Arya, 2003. Vegetable breeding, production and seed production,
Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.
Fundamentals of Breeding,
Aim
Theory
Unit I Importance and scope
Importance and scope of gardening historical background - gardens in
India definition, principles and concepts of landscape gardening - styles and types of
gardens - Hindu, Moghul, English, Italian, Persian and Japanese gardens bioaesthetic
planning definition and need ornamental landscaping in environmental protection.
Unit II Garden designs
Garden components and adornments importance and designing plant
components and non-plant components - rosary, topiary, trophy, rockery, pond, sunken
garden, flower beds, arboretum, conservatory, roads, walks, paths, hedges, edges,
carpet garden, arch, pergola, arbour, fountains, cascades, garden seats, statues, hanging
baskets, trellies, ornamental vases, ornamental urns and window boxes. Special types
of gardens - principles and design dish, terrarium, water and bog garden, traffic
islands - terrace garden, rockery, vertical garden and tree transplanting.
Unit III Garden plants for landscaping
Study of foliage and flowering plants and their design and values in
landscaping ornamental annuals - shrubs - trees herbaceous perennials climbers
and creepers palms and palmatum- ferns and fernery cacti and succulents. Dry
flower principles and types - Flower arrangement principles, designs and styles
ikebana, moribana - bouquet making - bonsai - methods, styles and maintenance.
Unit IV Computer Aided Design
Landscape architecture design, planning and management of natural
and built environments. Computer aided design (CAD) Geographical Information
system (GIS) landscape planning home garden, public, urban and industrial
gardening. Avenue planting principles, plants suitability and planting.
Unit V Turf management
Importance and scope turf grasses species and types selection of site
media and field preparation types of lawn making turf establishment for golf
ground, cricket pitch and football field turf management - renovation of lawns
astroturf and management.
Practical
Identification and description of annuals shrubs trees - herbaceous
perennials climbers and creepers palms and ferns cacti and succulents. Software
tools in landscape architecture landscape with CAD - Planning and designing of
garden components special types of gardens avenue planting site design creation
urban and rural planting- Dry flower and bonsai making - turf management - visit to
gardens - visit to institutional, sports and games lawns and turf nurseries renovation
of lawns economics.
Lecture schedule
Theory
1. History, development, scope and importance of landscape gardening
2. Definition and basic principles and of landscaping gardening
3. Principles of landscape architecture
4. Study of styles of garden
5. Study of types of garden Hindu garden, Persian garden and Moghul garden
6. Study of types of garden English garden, Japanese garden and Italian garden
7. Bio aesthetic planning definition and need
8. Role of ornamental landscaping in environmental protection
9. Study of principles and designing of plant components
10. Study of principles and designing of non plant components
11. Study of special types of gardens - dish, terrarium, water garden and bog
gardens
12. Study of special types of gardens roof garden, rockery and traffic islands
13. Study of special types of gardens - vertical garden.
14. Principles and method of tree transplanting - Berlapping
2nd Edition.
Floriculture in India.
Allied
www.intuxford.tripod.com
www.webct.uark.edu
www.personal.psu.edu
www.sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses
www.lawngrasses.com
www.mediatoday@vsnl.com
www.hsi1942.org
Journals
J. of ornamental Hort. Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture, Division of
Floriculture and Landscaping, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi.
Ind. J. of Hort. The Horticultural Society of India, Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi.
Floriculture Today published from E 11/47A, New Colony, Malviya Nagar,
New Delhi.
components
environmental
segments
atmosphere,
hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere - energy fundamentals - bio nutrient cyclingbiological interactions - environmental resources air, water and soil.
Unit II Characteristics of horticulture industrial wastes
Horticultural industries Tamil Nadu and India - liquid and solid wastes
characteristics impacts fruit and vegetable processing industries case studies
mango, cocoa, sago and coffee processing industries.
Unit III Waste water management
Waste water treatment processes aerobic and anaerobic treatment bioreactors
biomethanation microbial remediation biofilters, biosorption reed bed
technologies.
Unit IV Solid wastes management
Solid wastes sources, disposal problems and management technologies
recycling resource recovery value addition composting and vermicomposting
bioconversion Recycling of green house cladding material Packaging materials and
recycling land application of solid wastes and its impact on soil and crops
Unit V
Green technologies - CDM - eco labeling - biosensors Bio indicators environmental impact assessment (EIA), EMS environmental education and
awareness - environmental laws and organizations.
Practical
Horticultural industry waste water characterization solids, alkalinity, acidity,
hardness, DO,BOD, COD, enumeration of aerobes and anaerobes - water borne
pathogens treatments physical, chemical and biological, anaerobic treatment solid
waste recycling biogas production bio composting pectin extraction - visit to
identified horticultural industries for assessing pollution status.
Lecture schedule
1. Environmental components and Environmental segments Atmosphere,
Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere
2. Energy fundamentals - bio nutrient cycling and Biological interactions
3. Environmental resources air, water and soil.
4. Horticultural industrial wastes-liquid and solid waste Characteristics -impacts
5. Fruit and vegetable processing industries case studies coffee processing
industries
6. Fruit and vegetable processing industries case studies-Mango ,Cocoa and Sago
processing industries
7. Waste water treatment Processes Aerobic and anaerobic treatment
8. Bioreactors biomethanation Microbial remediation Biofilters, Biosorption
9. Mid semester examination
10. Reed bed Technologies - constructed wetlands Engineered reed bed system
11. Solid wastes sources, disposal problems and management technologies
12. Recycling
resource
recovery
value
addition
composting
and
vermicomposting
13. Bioconversion recycling of green house cladding material and Packaging
materials
14. Land application of solid wastes and its impact on soil and crops
15. Green Technologies - CDM - Eco labeling - Biosensors bio indicators
16. Environmental
Impact
Assessment
(EIA)
organizations
17. EMS Environmental education and awareness
and
Environmental
laws
and
Practical schedule
1. Sampling methods for fruit and vegetables processing industry wastes
2. Estimation of Solids, Alkalinity and acidity of fruit and vegetables processing
wastewater
3. Estimation of hardness of fruit and vegetables processing wastewater
4. Estimation of dissolved oxygen and BOD of Fruit and vegetables processing
wastewater
5. Estimation of Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of Fruit and vegetables processing
wastewater
6. Enumeration of aerobic microorganisms from Fruit and vegetables processing
wastes
7. Enumeration of anaerobic microorganisms from Fruit and vegetables processing
wastes
8. Detection of waterborne pathogens in fruit processing industry wastewater
9. Visit to horticulture industry and studying its pollution status
10. Physical and chemical methods of horticultural industry wastewater treatment
11. Biological methods of horticultural industry wastewater treatment
12. Anaerobic treatment of coffee and rubber processing wastewater using
bioreactors
13. Biogas production from Horticultural industry wastes
14. Visit to horticultural industry studying its pollution status
15. Management of horticultural industry solid wastes by Composing and
Vermicomposting
16. Extraction of pectin from banana wastes.
17.
Practical Examinations
Outcome
Textbooks
1. Gilbert M.Masters 2004 . Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science.
Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd.New Delhi.
2. Bala Krishnamoorty 2005. Environmental Management .Prentice- Hall of India
Private Ltd. New Delhi.
Further Reading
1. Singh ,Shree N; Tripathi and Rudra D. 2007. Environmental Bioremedition
Technologies. Springer Verlag Publishers.
2. Sharma, P.D.2009. Ecology and Environment. Narosa Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Stanley E.Manahan. 2006. Environmental Science and Technology : A Sustainable
Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition CRC press.
4. Jogdhand S.N. 2006. Environmental Biotechnology: Industrial Pollution
Management (III ed). Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
e references
http://umbbd .ahc.umn.edu /bsd/index.html
ww.geocities.com /hotspur311
http://faculty.rio.edu/lindas/essyl.html
http://www.cplbookshop.com
Journals
1+0
Theory
Unit I Principles of nanoscience
History, definition, terminologies in nanoscience - importance of Moores lawintroduction to nanomaterials semiconductor diode Quantum Dots- Buckyball CNT - Polymers- types PLGA coreshell nanoparticles - micelle - introduction to
nanobiosensor- types- properties and applications
Unit II Synthesis of nanomaterials
Top-down and bottom-up approaches - physical, mechanical, chemical and
biological synthesis of nanomaterials
Unit III Properties and characterization of nanomaterials
Physical, mechanical, optical, magnetic, thermal and electrical properties
characterization SEM, TEM, AFM, FT-IR, XRD
Unit IV Application of Nanotechnology
Agriculture, food industry, energy, environment, health social, economic and
ethical issues nanotoxicology
Lecture schedule
1. History, definition, terminology in nanoscience and importance of Moores law.
2. Nanomaterials semiconductor diode quantum dots - Buckyball - CNT characteristics applications.
3. Nanomaterials: polymers - types PLGA Coreshell nanoparticles - Micelles characteristics applications.
4. Biosensors principle, components, types, applications.
5. Top-down and bottom-up approaches - physical method, Physical Vapour
Deposition (PVD), etching - molecular beam epitoxy sputtering lithography.
Practice in field or jungle clearing, lay out and planting of tea and shade tree
seedlings and identification of different varieties of tea
7.
8.
9.
Identification of pests and diseases and their management in tea, practice in tea
plucking and organic tea production.
Attitude
Psychological and Sociological definitions types of attitude (positive and
Interpersonal skills
Study of character traits - discussion of formal interpersonal skills like greeting,
Practical sessions
Session
Title
No.
1.
Soft Skills- an overview
2.
3.
Interpersonal skills
Self Development/Empowerment
role-play
4.
5.
Process of communication
6.
7.
8.
9.
Presentation Skills.
Professional writing strategies
10.
Writing a rejoinder
11.
Group discussion
12.
Interview skills I
13.
Interview skills - II
14.
Leadership qualities
15.
Negotiation skills
Stress management and time
management listening
16.
Activity
Brainstorming session
Interactive software and discussion
pm [positive thinking
Demonstration
Role-play
Interactive software Effective
Communication
Audio listening and close tasks
Reading an unfamiliar text writing
simulation
Listening to a software and
demonstration by students and peer
group evaluation
Discussion on article scientific and
conference paper by means of
handouts
Divergent simulation
Audio listening on group
discussion and structured, timed
Group Discussion.
Listening to software on being interviewed
and preparing a resume
Interview simulation by subject experts
and the course teacher
Brainstorming session and convergent
simulations
Role Play
To a software on stress and role play
Reference books
Text books
1. Hariharan,S. , S. N.Sundararajan, and S.P.Shanmugapriya.(2010). Soft Skills.
MJP Publishers, Chennai.
Further reading
1. Alex. (2009). Soft skills: Know yourself and know the world. S. Chand & Co.
Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Beverly Jaeger. (2004). Making Work Work for the Highly Sensitive Person. Tata
McGraw Hill, USA.
3. Dipali Biswas. (2009). Enhancing Soft Skills. Shoraff Publishers and Distributors.
4. Gloria. J. Galanes, Kathreine Adams, John. K. and Brilhart. (2004). Effective
Group Discussion. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. Jagadeesan. G. and Santhanakrishnan, R. (2007). Soft Skills Development. ICFAI
University Press. New Delhi.
6. Martin Avis. (2010). Effective Time Management Skills for Everyone. Avis
Consultancy, London, U.K.
7. Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P and Caruso, D.R. (2000). Models of Emotional Intelligence.
R.J. Shernberg (Ed.). Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
8. Patsy McCarthy and Caroline Hatcher. (2002). Presentation Skill: The Essential
Guide for Students. Sage Publications, CA.
9. Peggy Claus. (2007): The Hard Truth about Soft Skills. Harper Collins Publishers,
New York, USA.
10. Peter. J. Gosling. (2002), Scientists Guide to Poster Presentations, Kluwar
Academic Pub, N.Y, USA.
11. Richard Ellis. (2009). Communication Skills; Step ladders to success for
professionals. Intellect Books, Chicago, USA.
12. Robert, A. Day. (2000). How to Write a Scientific Paper. ELBS, U.K.
13. Sarvesh Gulati. (2006). Corporate Soft Skills. Rupa Publishers, New Delhi.
14. Soleman. D. (1998). Working with Emotional Inteligence. Bloomsbury Publishing,
London.
e references
www.softskills.com
www.reportingskills.com
www.writing-skills.com
www.negotiation.com
www.businessballs.com
www.study-habits.com
www.timethoughts.com
by Controlled
Practical schedule
1. Market survey of processed foods
2. Packaging and evaluation of the shelf life of fruits at different temperatures
3. Packaging and evaluation of the shelf life of vegetables at different temperatures
4. Packaging and evaluation of the shelf life of fruits and vegetables under CAP
and MAP
5. Processing of jam and jelly
6. Processing of squash and RTS
7. Processing of fruit bar and candies
8. Processing of pickles and sauces
9. Steeping preservation of fruits and vegetables
10. Processing of osmo dried fruit slices
11. Processing of dehydrated vegetables
12. Processing of dehydrated spices
13. Canning of fruits
14. Canning of vegetables
15. Processing of frozen fruits and vegetables
16. Visit to fruit and vegetable processing unit
17. Practical examination
Outcome
This course will enable the students to understand the concepts and principles of
food processing and value addition and give an overview of the various value addition
technologies.
References
Shaifur Rehman. M. 2007. Handbook of food preservation. Second Edition. CRC, Press.
London
Singh.N.P. 2007. Fruits and vegetables preservation. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur.
India.
Giridharilal., Sidappa.G.S and Tandon.G.L.1979. Preservation of fruits and vegetables.
ICAR. New Delhi
Journals
Journal of Food Science and Technology
Indian Food Industry
Indian Food Packer
Beverage and Food World.
definition,
functions,
elements
and
their
meaning,
of
trade:
absolute
and
comparative
advantage
Status
of
of
marketing
channels-
price
spread
estimation
for
-definitions-components-dimensions.
Agricultural/horticultural
efficiency-operational
and
pricing.
Market
integration-vertical,
commodities
in
total
trade.
Major
exports
and
imports
of
Course
Number
HOR 401
Credit
Hours
Course Title
Rural Horticultural Work Experience - RHWE (60+10+10+10
days)
0+6
2.
HOR 402
0+1
3.
HOR 403
Project Work
0+4
Total
0+11=11
Tissue culture
In addition, the students in groups shall be placed in different districts, in
Marks
Attendance
10
Behaviour
15
Tour diary
15
Tour record
15
Written test
30
Viva voce
15
Total
100
Practical schedule
The following institutes may be visited based on the requirement.
1. Visit to CRIDA, Hyderabad, AP.
2. Visit to IIHR and Gardens, Bangalore.
3. Visit to seed production units, Bangalore.
4. Visit to Jain irrigation and banana hi-tech field at Jalgaon, Maharashtra
5. Visit to NRC for Grapes, Pune and near by pomegranate orchards.
6. Visit to NRC for Onion and Garlic, Nasik.
7. Visit to Dr. Y. S. Parmer University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan
8. Visit to CPRI, Shimla and Mushroom Research Institute, Shimla.
9. Visit to PAU, Ludhiana
10. Visit to Rose Garden and Rock Garden, Chandigarh
11. Visit to Moghul Gardens at Taj Mahal, Agra
12. Visit to Forest College, Dehradun
13. Visit to Remote sensing unit, Dehradun
: 10
:5
Project report
: 75
Credit
Hours
Course Title
1.
FSC 401
2+1
2.
EXP 401
Experiential Learning
0+5
3.
1+1
4.
PAT 411
2+1
5.
TAM 401
/ENG
401
0+1
6.
SAC 401
2+1
7.
AEC 401
1+1
Total
8+11=19
11. Physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening and storage of
fruits.
12. Physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening and storage of
vegetables.
13. Ripening changes related enzymes.
14. Physiological changes in spices and plantation crops during storage.
15. Physiological changes in cut flowers during storage.
16. Hastening and delaying ripening.
17. Mid semester examination
18. Pre harvest and postharvest treatments and shelf life of horticultural crops.
19. Waxing - effect of wax coating on shelf life of produce
20. Types of packaging materials.
21. Types of cushioning materials.
22. Preparation for market, precooling, cooling, storage.
23. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for fruits.
24. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for vegetables.
25. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for plantation crops and spices.
26. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for cut flowers.
27. Methods of storage of horticultural produce.
28. Methods of storage small scale and large scale storage.
29. Methods of storage for local and distant markets.
30. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management
and thrust areas - fruit and vegetables.
31. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management
and thrust areas - flowers
32. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management
and thrust areas - spices and plantation crops
33. WTO guidelines for export of horticultural produce - export standards for major
fruits and vegetables - food safety practices
34. Minimal processing of fruits and vegetables - constraints and thrust areas.
Practical
1. Assessment of maturity indices and methods of harvest
2. Pre-harvest treatments to enhance the postharvest life
3. Assessment of physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening
4. Determination of physiological loss in weight and quality
5. Sorting, grading and washing of horticultural produce
6. Postharvest treatments enhance the postharvest life
7. Packaging of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, dry flowers and medicinal plants
using different packing materials
8. Packaging of cut flowers and dry flowers using different packing materials
9. Vase life of cut flowers
10. Packaging of medicinal and aromatic plants using different packing materials
11. Waxing
12. Methods of storage
13. Drying technology of medicinal plants
14. Postharvest disorders.
15. Identification of storage pest and diseases.
16. Visit to cold storage, processing units and markets.
17. Practical examination.
Outcome
The students will acquire the knowledge on postharvest physiology and
handling techniques of horticultural produce for export.
Text books
1. Salunkhe, D. K., N. R. Bhatt, B. B. Desai. 1990. Post harvest biotechnology of
flowers and ornamental plants, Nayaprakash, Calcutta 700 006.
2. Saraswathy, S., T.L.Preethi, S.Balasubramanyan, J.Suresh, N.Revathy and
S.Natarajan. 2007. Postharvest management of Horticultural Crops. Agrobios
Publishers, Jodhpur.
Further reading
vegetables products, Tata, Mc Graw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
e References
http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Fruit/mango.shtml
http://www.horticultureworld.net/hort-india
http://www.india.exports.com
http://www.sus-veg-thai.de/
http://www.iari.res.in
Journals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Punjab Hort. J.
Indian Food Packer
J. of vegetable crop production
J. of Ameri. Soci. of Hort. Sci.
Acta Hort.
Floriculture today
Integrated
nematode management.
Unit V Nematode diseases of crops
Nematode diseases of fruits (banana, citrus, grapevine, papaya) - vegetables
(tomato, brinjal, bhendi, chilli, potato) - spices (turmeric, pepper, cardamom) flowers
(crossandra, rose, jasmine, tuberose) plantation crops (tea, coffee, betelvine) mushroom, medicinal and aromatic plants and nematode problem in protected
cultivation.
Practical
Sampling techniques for nematode assay.Processing of soil samples for extraction of
active nematodes - Extraction of nematodes by centrifugal floatation method and
separation of cyst nematodes - Extraction of nematodes from plant samples. Staining
techniques, direct examination of nematodes and warring blender technique. Killing,
fixing, preservation and counting of nematodes - Processing and mounting of
nematodes. Observation of morphological characters of Tylenchida (Hoplolaimus) and
Dorylaimida
(Xiphinema)
Tylenchorhynchus
Identification
Pratylenchus
of
Longidorus,
nematodes
Xiphinema
Holicotylenchus
and
Hemicriconemoides,
II.
Journal of Nematology
e References
http://tau.tnau.ac.in/ms/claroline/document/document.php
http://www.iari.res.in/divisions/nematology/teaching.php
ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156htm/nem110.syllabus.htm
Fruit crops
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, survival and integrated management of
grapes, guava, sapota, pomegranate, annona, papaya, jack, pineapple, ber, aonla, apple,
pear, peach and plum.
Unit II
Vegetable crops
Plantation crops
24. Rubber
25. Cocoa , vanilla and cardamom
26. Jasmine and rose.
27. Crossandra and chrysanthemum.
28. Marigold, carnation, lilium and tuberose
29. Medicinal plants Gloriosa and Stevia
30. Coleus and Aloe
31. Mushroom cultivation : Agaricus
32. Mushroom cultivation : Pleurotus and Calocybe
33. Mushroom cultivation : Volvariella
34. Biotic and abiotic stresses of mushroom
Practical schedule
Study of symptoms and host parasite relationship of
Diseases of mango and banana.
Diseases of citrus and grapes.
Diseases of guava, sapota, pomegranate, annona, jack, papaya, pineapple, ber
and aonla.
Diseases of apple, pear, plum and peach.
Diseases of tomato and brinjal.
Diseases of cucurbits and crucifers.
Diseases of beans, peas and potato.
Diseases of cassava, sweetpotato, yam and colocasia.
Diseases of onion, garlic , chilli, pepper and betelvine
Diseases of turmeric, ginger, cardamom, fenugreek, coriander, clove, nutmeg,
and cinnamon
Diseases of tea, coffee and rubber.
Diseases of coconut, arecanut and vanilla.
Diseases of rose, jasmine, crossandra and chrysanthemum, tuberose, marigold,
lillium and carnation
Co.Pvt.Limited
Das Gupta M.K. and Mandel W.C.1989. Post harvest pathogens of Perishables.
Oxford and IBH Publishing Company,New Delhi.
Neeta Sharma and Mashkoor Alam. 1997. Post harvest diseases of Horticultural
crops, International Book publishing Co. UP.
Parvatha Reddy P. 2008 Diseases of Horticultural Crops Author ISBN8172335431
Scientific Publishers
Further reading
1. Snowden, A.L.1990. A color atlas of post harvest diseases and disorders. Vol. I and II
Wolfe Scientisfic Limited.
2. Cook AA, 1981. Diseases of Tropical and sub tropical Field, Fiber and oil palms .
Mac. Millan Publishing Co. New Park
3. Sohi, H.S, 1992. Diseases of Ornamental plants in India . ICAR, New Delhi.
4. Singh, R.S. 1994. Diseases of vegetable crops . Oxford & IBM Publishing
Co.Pvt.Ltd.New Delhi
5. Madhu Meeta, 2005. Diseases of Ornamental Plants in India: Reference Book Cum
Bibliography/. 320 p.,
6. Alfred Steferud., 2005, Diseases of Plantation Crops. Delhi, Biotech Books, , x, 317
p., ISBN 81-7622-136-8.
7. Srikant Kulkarni and Yashoda R. Hegde, 2002, Diseases of Plantation Crops and
Their Management. Udaipur, Agrotech, 176 p., ISBN 81-85680-58-2.
8. Alfred Steferud, 2005, Diseases of Vegetable Crops. Delhi, Biotech Books, xi, 210 p.,
ISBN 81-7622-137-6.
9. Sonia Ahuja, 2005, Plant Diseases. New Delhi, Vishvabharti, viii, 286 p, ISBN 8189000-42-X.
10. Pravin Chandra Trivedi, 2003, Plant Protection: A Biocontrol Approach. Jaipur,
Aavishkar, xiv, 386 p., figs., tables, plates, ISBN 81-7910-035-9
11. Naqvi S. A. M. H.2004 Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Volume I
Diagnosis and Management ISBN: 978-1-4020-1822-0
e References
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi
www.ictv.org
www.vivo.library.cornell.edu
www.plantdisease.org
intelligence-career
learning-brainstorming,
development-success
simulation,
role
story
play,
ice
of
entrepreneurs-group
breakers-
transactional
classification
of
educational
objectives
Cognitive,
Affective,
Composting techniques.
Unit IV
Methods of fertilizer application fertigation - fertilizer solubility, interaction
between irrigation water and fertilizers, fertigation scheduling. Comparison of
fertilizer application methods.
Unit V
Nutrient management concepts INM, STCR, IPNS, SSNM and RTNM. Nutrient
use efficiencies of major and micronutrients and enhancement techniques (soil,
cultural and fertilizer strategies). Soil health quality indices and their management.
Long term effect of fertilization on soil.
Practical
Soil nutrient analysis - available nutrient status (N, P, K, S and DTPA extractable
micronutrients) in soils- fertilizer nutrient analysis- analysis of nutrient contents in
urea, ammonium nitrate, SSP, RP, MOP and SOP- manure analysis-determination of
nutrient contents (N, P& K) in FYM/GM - colloquium on soil testing laboratories
Soil test based fertilizer prescription visit to fertilizer mixing unit.
Lecture schedule
1. Soil fertility and productivity essential nutrients- criteria of essentiality N, P
and K nutrients -functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms
2. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur and Micro nutrients functions, deficiency and
toxicity symptoms
3. Concepts and approaches of soil fertility evaluation Liebig,s Law ,
Mitscherlichs law and Bray, s nutrient mobility concept. Approaches- Deficiency
symptoms, tissue analysis, biological tests and chemical tests.
4. Techniques/ methods of soil fertility evaluation Inductive ,deductive, A value
technique, croplogging, critical level, DRIS and agronomic approach.
5. Sources, forms, mobility, transformation, fixation, losses and availability of
nitrogen
in soil
32. Soil health - Definition - Soil Quality Indices - Physical, chemical and Biological
indicators
33. SOM maintenance - Role of SOM in sustaining soil health
34. Long term effect of fertilization on soil
Practical schedule
1. Soil nutrient analysis Available N status in soil
2. Soil nutrient analysis Available P status in soil
3. Soil nutrient analysis Available Kand S status in soil
4. Soil nutrient analysis DTPA extractable micronutrients in soil
5. Fertilizer sampling technique.
6. Fertilizer nutrient analysis Estimation of N in Urea
7. Fertilizer nutrient analysis Estimation of ammoniacal and nitrate N in
ammonium nitrate
8. Fertilizer nutrient analysis Estimation of water soluble P in SSP
9. Fertilizer nutrient analysis Estimation of P in rock phosphate
10. Fertilizer nutrient analysis Estimation of K in KCl and K2 SO4
11. Manure analysis Estimation of N in FYM / Compost
12. Manure analysis Estimation on of P in FYM / Compost
13. Manure analysis Estimation of K in FYM / Compost
14. Colloquium on soil testing laboratories -Soil test based fertilizer prescription
15. Visit to STL and FTL
16. Visit to fertilizer manufacturing / mixing unit
17. Practical Examination.
Out come
The knowledge gained by students through this course will be useful in making
decisions on nutrient dose, choice of fertilizers and method of application etc. practiced
in crop production. The skill acquired from this course can be practiced for assessing
soil fertility. The students will also gain confidence in managing soil health for
sustained productivity.
References
1. John Havlin, James Beaten, Samuel Tisdale, Werner Nelson, 2005.Soil Fertility and
Fertilizers - An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th Edition, Prentice Hall.
Upper Saddle River, NJ.
2. Kanwar. J.S. 1976. Soil fertility Theory and Practice. ICAR- New Delhi.
3.
4th ed.
e References
www.fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_5_NO_3/47.pdf
www.springerlink.com/index/l011256h8t325054.pdf
www.ipni.net/ppiweb/bcrops.nsf/$webindex/.../Better_Crops_2009-4_L.pdf
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470431771.index/pdf
agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/agtrweb/Documents/Library/docs/.../Module4.htm
www.uoa.edu.er/academics/graduate/.../courses.html www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e08.htm
www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e08.htm
www.uoa.edu.er/academics/graduate/.../courses.html www.ncpahindia.com/articles/article17.pdf - Similar
www.energy.ca.gov/process/agriculture/ag_pubs/fertigation.pdf www.soilandhealth.org/.../010117attrasoilmanual/010117attra.html
goliath.ecnext.com/.../Deficiencies-in-the-soil-quality.html
Lecture schedule
1. Agricultural/horticultural finance definition, importance, nature and scope.
Agricultural/horticultural credit definition, need, classification.
2. Source of credit Institutional and Non- institutional agencies types, roles,
advantages and disadvantages. Rural indebtedness. History and development of
rural credit in India.
3. Institutional agencies - Commercial banks- nationalization of commercial banks
their role in rural credit. AD Branches Area approach. Priority sector lending,
Regional rural banks.
4. Role and functions of Lead bank preparation of district credit plan. Kisan
Credit Card Scheme. DIR Scheme Relief Measures and Loan waiver Scheme.
Rural credit policies.
5. Higher financial institutions - RBI, NABARD, AFC, ADB, World Bank, Insurance
and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India role and its functions in rural credit.
6. Microfinance definition, role in poverty alleviation Self-Help Groups
characteristics, role, functions, growth and development in India. Role of NonGovernmental Organizations in promoting SHGs.
7. Co-operation philosophy and principles History of Indian Co-operative credit
movement pre and post independence period. Co-operation in different plan
periods.
8. Co-operative credit institutions structure - short term and long term credit its
functions - Strength and weakness of co-operative credit system.
9. Mid semester examination
10. Policies for revitalizing co-operative credit - salient features of Vaidyanathan
Committee on revival of rural co-operative credit institutions. Special Cooperative Institutions LAMPS, FSS - objectives, role and functions.
agricultural/horticultural
project
proposal/appraisal
of
Practical schedule
1.
Visit to a farm to study the credit needs, problems and suggestions in the use of
farm credit.
2.
3.
Visit to District Central Co-operative Bank (DCCB) to study its role, functions
and procedures for availing loan Fixation of Scale of Finance
4.
5.
Visit to a Commercial Bank Branch to study its role, functions and procedures for
availing loan and lead bank to study the District Credit Plan, Primary Co
operative Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development..
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Visit to RRB to study its role, functions & procedures for availing loans.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Practical Examination
References
1. Muniraj, R, 1987.Farm Finance for Development, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
2. Subba Reddy,S and P. Raghu Ram, 2000. Agricultural Finance and Management,
Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
3. Lee,W.F. M.D,
Title
Genetic Manipulation and Breeding of Horticultural
Credit
0+5
Crops
2
0+5
0+5
Crops
4
0+5
0+5
0+5
Produce
7
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0+5
Syllabus Practical
Unit I-Genetics
Study of cell and cell organelles significance of mitosis and meiosis- gene
symbolization in genetic experiments- solving problems in mono,di and trihybrid
crosses- incomplete dominance and lethal genes- gene interactions-multiple allelesmultiple factors- linkage and estimation of linkage- drawing genetic maps- interference
and coincidence.
Unit II-Cytogenetics
Principles of microscopy-preparation of fixatives and strains-killing and fixing-study of
mitosis and meiosis (squash and smear techniques)-study of pollen morphology and
pollen fertility in horticultural crops.
Unit III-Breeding
Gametogenesis and fertilization-study of reproductive structures and pollination
mechanisms in horticultural crops- plant breeders kit- selfing and crossing techniquespreparation and lay out of experimental plots
Unit IV-Biometrics
study and assessment of variability in population identification of superior genotypes
by simple ANOVA- estimation of heterosis in hybrids- recording variations in
segregating generations- mutation breeding-physical and chemical mutagensdosimetry and LD50- maintenance of records and registers study of A,B and R lines
and hybrid seed production-study of wild relatives of horticultural crops.
Unit V-Horticulture
Study of floral biology, pollination mechanisms in major horticultural crops- heterosis
breeding and production of hybrids- mutation breeding in horticultural crops- methods
of induction of polyploidy-breeding- vegetatively propagated crops- resistance
breeding in horticultural crops
Practical schedule
1. Methods of gene symbolization
2. Working out of segregation ratios using checker board and forking method.
3. Significance of chi-square test and goodness of fit with monohybrids.
4. Modification of monohybrid ratio- incomplete dominance-lethal genes.
5. Solving problems with test cross and back cross.
6 and7. Solving problems with dihybrid ratio.
8. Gene interactions in horticultural crops.
9. Dominant epistasis(12: 3:1) and recessive epistasis(9:3:4).
10. Complementary gene interaction (9:7)
11. Duplicate gene interaction (15:1) and additive gene interaction (9:6:1)
12. Multiple factor hypothesis.
13. Principles of linkage-coupling and repulsion.
14. Two point test cross.
15. Three point test cross.
16. Co-incidence and interference.
17. Drawing linkage maps.
18. Study of cell and cell organelles.
19. Significance of mitosis and meiosis.
20. Principles of microscopy and stages of mitosis and meiosis.
21. Preparation of stains and fixatives.
22. Preparation of killing and fixing agents.
23, 24 and 25. Study of mitosis in onion root tips and karyotype analysis.
25 to 30. Study of meiosis in major horticultural crops.
31. Study of gametogenesis and fertilization.
32. Reproduction and alternation of generation-life cycle of plants.
33. Study of pollination mechanisms in horticultural crops.
34 and 35. Study of pollen morphology in different horticultural crops by acetocarmine
and Iodine staining.
36 to 40. Practicing selfing and crossing techniques in horticultural crops
41 and 42. Layout of field experiments, RT, RRT, PYT, CYT, MLT and ART.
43. Mid semester Examination
44. Analysis of variance and identification of superior genotypes
45. Working out of first degree statistics
46. Biometrical observations in segregating populations
47. Working out of heritability and genetic advance
48 to 50. Collection of data F1 hybrids parents and estimation of heterosis (di, dii & diii)
51. Maintenance of records and registers (Pedigree record, crossing register and
Germplasm cataloguing)
52. Mutagenic treatment in horticultural crops and fixing LD 50 value
53 to 55. Hybrids seeds production techniques in horticultural crops
56. Maintenance of A, B and R lines
33. Chilli-fruit harvesting and seed extraction, seed drying processing methods
grading
34. Chilli-seed treatment- packing-labelling-storage-factors affecting storage- seed
health management.
35. Hybrid seed production in bhendi -land requirement, field preparation, sowing maintenance of planting ratio
36. Bhendi -Breeding methods used hand emasculation and pollination
37. Bhendi -rouging certification, practicing plant protection
38. Bhendi -pod harvesting and seed extraction, seed drying processing methods
grading39. Bhendi -seed treatment- packing-labelling-storage-factors affecting storage- seed
health management.
40. Hybrid seed production in bitter gourd, snake gourd and ridge gourd-land
requirement, field preparation, sowing - maintenance of planting ratio
41. Bitter gourd, snake gourd and ridge gourd -Breeding methods used hand
emasculation and pollination
42. Bitter gourd, snake gourd and ridge gourd -rouging certification, practicing
plant protection
43. Mid term examination
44. Bitter gourd, snake gourd and ridge gourd -pod harvesting and seed extraction,
seed drying processing methods grading
45. Bitter gourd, snake gourd and ridge gourd -seed treatment- packing-labellingstorage-factors affecting storage- seed health management.
46. Hybrid seed production in pumpkin and ash gourd-land requirement, field
preparation, sowing - maintenance of planting ratio
47. Pumpkin and ash gourd -Breeding methods used hand emasculation and
pollination
48. Pumpkin and ash gourd -rouging certification, practicing plant protection
49. Pumpkin and ash gourd -pod harvesting and seed extraction, seed drying
processing methods grading
Kalloo, 1990. Vegetable Breeding, Vol. I II and III CRC Press, Florida.
5.
6.
Singh B. D, 2002. Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods. Fifth Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Plant tissue culture laboratory- different types - organization and establishmentbasic structural units - stages of micropropagation - Preparation of stock solutions Plant tissue media preparation - Sterilization and inoculation techniques - shoot tip or
Meristem tip culture - Micro grafting techniques in citrus - Tissue culture banana plants
- commercial production-meristem culture for induction-proliferation and rooting Hardening techniques - hill banana production-selection of mother plants- somaclonal
variation in tissue culture- potential draw backs and elimination - Project preparation
for establishment of plant tissue culture lab
Practical schedule
1. Media rooting and growing media, rooting media ratio and pH for
propagation of fruit plants.
2. Types of containers for propagation of fruit plants
3. Preparation of media for filling containers for fruit plants.
4. Tools and implements for soil working and nursery bed preparation for fruit
plants.
5. Tools and implements for vegetative propagation of fruit plants.
6. Visit to industrial units manufacturing containers, tools and implements
7. Preparation of nursery beds, pro tray culture, soil sterilization and sowing and
maintenance of nursery beds for propagation of fruit plants
8. Practicing the use of PGRs in nursery for propagation of fruit plants
9. Nursery maintenance and nutrition for propagation of fruit plants
10. Practicing the use of Use of biofertilizers for propagation of fruit plants
11. Practicing the use of Use of pesticides in nursery
12. Practicing the use of Use of fungicides in nursery
13. Seed treatments raising root stocks for propagation of fruit plants
14. Potting, pot bound condition and repotting of plants
15. Different types of propagation structures of fruit plants
16. Mist chamber structures maintenance for propagation of fruit plants
17. Use of mist chamber for seed and vegetative propagation and hardening and
maintenance of plants in mist chamber.
18. Economics of construction of mist chamber for propagation of fruit plants
19. Shadenet house, phytotron structures and maintenance for propagation of
fruit plants
20. Polyhouse structures and maintenance for propagation of fruit plants
21. Economics of construction of shadenet house and polyhouse
22. Types of greenhouse principles of construction for propagation of fruit plants
23. Uses and maintenance of greenhouses in propagation of fruit plants
24. Economics of construction of greenhouse structures
25. Polytunnel nursery and cold frames for propagation of fruit plants
26. Hot beds, lath house, pit nursery, ball and bur lapped culture for propagation
of fruit plants
27. Practicing erection of low cost polyhouses for propagation of fruit plants
28. Propagation introduction sexual method of propagation
29. Asexual methods of propagation
30. Anatomical and physiological basis for rooting
31. Principles and differences between sexual and asexual method of propagation.
32. Seed propagation techniques and seed treatment of fruit plants
33. Seed dormancy factors, Seed viability, germination, longevity and seedling
vigour of fruit plants
34. Factors influencing seed propagation of fruit plants
35. Merits of seed propagation of fruit plants
36. Demerits of seed propagation of fruit plants
37. Nursery techniques apomixis polyembryony and principles
38. Practicing leaf and leaf bud cuttings
39. Practicing different types of stem cuttings
40. Practicing and planting of single nodal cuttings and root cuttings.
41. Methods of layering for propagation of fruit plants
42. Practicing different methods of layering.
43. Mid Semester Examination
44. Practicing different methods of layering
45. Maintenance, separation and potting of layers and hardening.
46. Methods of grafting for propagation of fruit plants
47. Methods of grafting for propagation of fruit plants
48. Merits of grafting methods
49. Demerits of grafting methods
50. Selection criteria of root stocks for propagation of fruit plants
51. Selection criteria of scion for propagation of fruit plants
52. Stock scion relationship and factors influencing stock-scion relationship of
fruit plants
53. Bud wood selection and budwood certification and incapability
54. Anatomical and physiological basis of graft and bud union
55. Practicing different types of grafting methods
56. Practicing different types of grafting methods
57. Practicing different types of grafting methods
58. Separation of grafts from mother plants in approach grafting - maintenance of
grafted plants in the nursery.
59. Nutrition and plant protection of grafted plants
60. Methods of budding for propagation of fruit plants
61. Practicing different types of budding
62. Practicing different types of budding
63. Maintenance of budded plants.
64. Nutrition and plant protection of budded plants
65. Visit to commercial fruit plant nurseries
66. Visit to commercial fruit plant nurseries
67. Visit to commercial fruit plant nurseries
1. Adams. C.R. K.M. Bandford and M.P. Early., 1996. Principles of Horticulture.
CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. 110 002
2. Manibhushan K. Rao. 1991. Text Book of horticulture. Macmillan India Ltd.,
2/10, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002
3. Nanda, K.K and V.K. Kochhar., 1995. Vegatative propagation of plants. Kalyani
publishers, New Delhi.
4. Sadhu. M.K. 1989. Plant Propagation. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 4835 / 24, Ansari Road,
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002.
5. Singh. S.P., Mist Propagation, Metropolitan Co. (P), New Delhi, India. . Arditt
and Ernst 1993. Micro propagation of orchids. Metropolitan book correlation (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Ramawat, K. G. and J. M. Merillan 1999. Biotechnology secondary metabolites
Oxford & IBH publishers, Co (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Reddy, S. M., Digambaer Rao, Vidyavah (Eds.), 2001. Perspectives in
Biotechnology, Scientific publishers (India), Jodhpur.
8. Kumar, U. 2002. Methods in Plant Tissue culture. Second edition Agrobios,
Jodhpur.
9. Purohit, S. S. 2003. Agri Biotech, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
10. Salunkhe, D. K., 1990. Post Harvest Biotechnology of Flower and Ornamental
Plants. Naya Prakash, 206 Bidhan Sarani, Calcutta.
e-references
http://www.horticulture/propagation.com
http://www.fruitcrops.propagation.com
http://www.micropropagation/propagationtechniques.com
http://www.biotech/tissue culture techniques.com
http://www.Agriculture-Horticulture/biotechnology.com
http://www.Biotech/horticultureal crops.com
Journals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
India J. Hort.
J. Appl.Hort.
Acta Hort.
J.Hort.Sci.
J.Ornamental Hort.
Floriculture Today
J.Amer.Soc.Hort.
J. Hort.Sci. Biotech.
Plant cell rep.
Outcome
Students will gain practical knowledge and hands on experience in the all the
aspects of nursery production and micropropagation of fruit plants
requirement-
fertigation-
nutrient
deficiency-
regulators plant protection study of constraints in protected cultivation- harvestyield- post harvest handling -export standards storage and marketing of cucumber,
melons, coriander.
Visit to commercial vegetable growing protected structures and project
preparation for the establishment of commercial units for the above crops.
Practical schedule
1. Profiles of crop production systems of horticultural crops
2. Hi-tech culture- overview global scenario of protected cultivation of vegetable
crops
3. Scope of hi-tech culture in India and Tamil Nadu for vegetable crops
4. Export potentials of horticultural crops grown in green house in India and Tamil
Nadu
5. Off-season production of vegetable crops- means and techniques
6. Study of greenhouse type based on shape and construction
7. Study of greenhouse type based on covering materials
8. Study of greenhouse type based on utility
9. Study of greenhouse components- benches, design of the fan and pad cooling
system
10. Design and lay out of green house
11. Design and lay out of poly house
12. Design and lay out of glass house
13. Design and lay out of poly tunnels and mist chamber
14. Design and lay out of shade net
15. Working out the cost of establishment of green house, glass house
16. Working out the cost of establishment poly house
17. Working out the cost of establishment poly tunnels, mist chamber and shadenet
18. Practicing containerized nursery production system
19. Practicing automatic filling and planting systems
20. Practicing nutrient management and irrigation systems for containerized transplant
production
21. Practicing plant protection measures in containerized nursery production system
and transport of seedlings
22. Study of environmental control systems- light and temperature
23. Study of environmental control systems - humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
ethylene
24. Study of climate walls inside the greenhouse
25. Study of roofing materials for greenhouse
26. Study of fogging systems for greenhouse
27. Study of ventilation systems for greenhouse
28. Management of Greenhouse summer cooling systems
29. Management of Greenhouse winter cooling systems
30. Study on the properties and components of a root medium for greenhouse
31. Preparation of root media for protected cultivation
32. Media sterilization
33. Study of Nutrient Film Technique
34. Study of hydroponics and aeroponics
35. Soil testing for greenhouse crops
36. Preparation of beds inside the greenhouse
37. Irrigation systems for greenhouse
38. Fertigation, water soluble fertilizers and micro fertilizer mixtures
39. Visual diagnosis and corrective procedures for greenhouse crops
40. Selection, identification and description of cultivars suitable for protected cultivation
of tomato
41. Sowing of seeds under containerized transplant production for tomato
42. Bed preparation and transplanting of tomato
43. Mid Semester examination
44. Irrigation management systems inside the protected structures
45. Practicing mulching, training, pruning, trellising in tomato
under protected
conditions
62. Study of constraints of capsicum and paprika under protected cultivation
63. Harvest indices and maturity standards and post harvest handling of capsicum and
paprika
64. Exports standards storage and marketing of capsicum and paprika
65. Visit to commercial capsicum and paprika growing units under protected structures
66. Project preparation for the establishment of commercial units for capsicum and
paprika
67. Selection, identification and description of cultivars suitable for protected cultivation
of cucumber and melons
68. Sowing of seeds under containerized transplant production for cucumber and
melons
69. Bed preparation and transplanting of cucumber and melons
70. Irrigation management systems inside protected structures
71. Practicing mulching, training, pruning, trellising in cucumber and melons
72. Scheduling of nutrients for cucumber and melons through drip fertigation
73. Identification of nutrient deficiencies physiological disorders and corrective
measures and growth regulator application
74. Study of plant protection measures in cucumber and melons under protected
conditions
75. Study of constraints of cucumber and melons under protected cultivation
76. Harvest indices and maturity standards and post harvest handling of cucumber and
melons
77. Exports standards storage and marketing of capsicum and paprika
78. Project preparation for the establishment of commercial units for cucumber and
melons
79. Sowing seeds of leafy type coriander under protected condition
80. Practicing thinning and gap filling in coriander
81. Practicing irrigation management and fertigation in coriander
82. Practicing plant protection measures for coriander
83. Harvesting, postharvest handling and marketing in coriander
84. Visit to commercial markets to study the feasibility
85. Final Practical examination
References
1. Bridwell. 1992. Hydroponic gardening.
2. James W. Boodley. 1981. The commercial green house. Ball publishing USA.
3. Mastaler 1988. Green house environment
4. Paul V. Nelson.1991. Green House operation and management. Ball Publishing.
USA
Ball
publishing, USA.
6. Taft. L. 1997. Green house management, Forcing of flowers, vegetables and fruits.
Daya Publishers House, New Delhi
7. Radha
Manohar
and
Igathanathane.
2000.
Greenhouse
Technology
and
New Delhi.
4. Nem Pal Singh. A.K. Bhardwaj, K.M. Singh and Abnish Kumar .2004. Modern
technology on vegetable production, International book distributing Co., Lucknow.
5. Bishwajit Choudhury . 2003. Vegetables, International Book Trust, New Delhi.
6. Bose, T. K, Kabir, J., Maity T. K., Parthasarathy V. A., and Som M. G., 2002.
Vegetable Crops Vol. I, II & III Naya Prokash, Kolkata.
Journals :
Vegetable sciences
Acta Horticulture
Indian Horticulture
Progressive Horticulture
e references
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=g904622674
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-32-a.html
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/manures.html
http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8129.pdf
http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/545/
http://www.sus-veg-thai.de/
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Vegetable-Alliums-Production-ScienceHorticulture/dp/0851987532
basic requirement field preparation and media Methods of turf establishment - Golf
ground, Cricket pitch and Foot ball ground irrigation and drainage systems in turfs
selection and application of manures, fertilizers and turf growth regulators (TGRs)
weed management - lawn mowing principles and methods plant protection
measures for lawn grasses renovation of lawn. Visit to playground sites and turf
areas.
Unit V
Dry flower production and arrangements
Scope, importance and current scenario suitable plant species
identification and collection of materials methods of dry flower
production - air drying water drying - embedded method - o ven drying
preservation, fumigation, and storage marketing of dry flowers national and international market of dry flower industry.
Principles and methods of flower arrangement - craft mak ing table
top arrangements preparation bouquet, floral basket, wall hangers,
wreath and cones potpourri - wet and dry method preparation of
greeting cards final product preparation trimming, glue painting,
ribbon fixing, packing containers an d cartons local and export markets
transport - study of domestic and global markets constraints in dry
flower industry.
Practical schedule
1-2
species
3-4
5-7
8-9
Mid Semester
Text Books
1. Alex Laurie and Victor H.Ries, 2004.
Tropical ga rden
1990.
IBH.
Bangalore.
6. McCarty, L.B.2005.
2nd
12. Trivedi, P.P. 1983. Home Gardening. Statesman Press, New Delhi.
13. William Davidson, 1989, Successful Indoor gardening Exotic Flowering House
Plants, Salamander Book, London / New York.
Journals
1. J. Orn. Hort. Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture, Division of
Floriculture
and
Landscaping,
Indian
Agricultural
Research
International.
P.O.Box
82,
1850
AB
Heiloo,
The
Netherlands.
3. Floriculture Today published from E 11/47A, New Colony,
Malviya Nagar, New Delhi
e references
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
www.bestgarden.net
www.centralfloridagarden.blogspot.com
www.intuxford.tripod.com
www.lawngrasses.com
www.personal.psu.edu
www.sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses
www.webct.uark.edu
50. Screening of efficient K- solubilizers and strain selection for mass production
51. Sulfur cycle
52. Biofertilizers for Zinc and sulphur - mechanism
53. Isolation and characterization of Zinc and sulphur solubilizing microorganism
54. Screening of efficient Zinc and sulphur solubilizers and strain selection for mass
production
55. Principles of fermentation process- types of fermentor
56. Fermentor operation and maintenance
57. Downstream processing
58. Strain improvement
59. Strain selection for inoculants production
60. Mass multiplication of Rhizobium
61. Mass multiplication of Azospirillum
62. Mass multiplication of Azotobacter
63. Mass multiplication of Gluconoacetobacter
64. Mass multiplication of Azolla and cyanobacetria
65. Mass multiplication of Frankia
66. Mass multiplication of Phosphobaceteria
67. Mass multiplication of AM fungi
68. Mass multiplication of Ectomycorriza
69. Mass multiplication of K solubilizers
70. Mass multiplication of Zinc and sulphur solubilizers
71. Selection and processing of bacterial biofertilizers
72. Selection and processing of fungal biofertilizers
73. Preparation of carrier based bacterial inoculants
74. Preparation of carrier based fungal inoculants
75. Quality control and Bis specifications for different biofertilizers
76. Demand and marketing
77. Newer formulations of different biofertilizers
78. Storage methods
79. Bacterial biofertilizers application methods
80. Fungal and actinomycetes biofertilizers application methods
81. Economics of biofertilizers application- constrains in production
82. Application of biofertilizers for horticultural crop fruits, vegetables
83. Application of biofertilizers for horticultural crop Spices and plantation crops
84. Visit to commercial biofertilizer production unit
85. Final Practical Examination
References
1. Subba Rao, N.S. 1999. Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Agroforestry. Oxford
and IBH, New Delhi.
2. Subba Rao, N. S. 2000. Soil Microbiology. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
3. Alexander, M. 1985. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Willey and Sons
Inc. N. Y. and London
4. Pelzar, M. J., E. C. S. Chan and N. R. Kreig. 2002. Microbiology Mc. Graw Hill,
New York.
5. Rangaswami, G. and D. J. Bagyaraj, 1999. Agricultural Microbiology, Asia
Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M. and Parker, J. 2000. Brock biology of
Microorganisms, 8th Edn. Prentice-Hall Inc.NJ
7. Stainer, R. S. J. Ingrahan, M. G. Wheels & Painfor, 1986. Microbial World.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
8. Tauro, P., K. K. Kapoor and K. S. Yadav, 1989. An Introduction to
Microbiology, Willey Publications, New Delhi.