This document contains questions and answers related to feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It begins by defining feedback and describing the different types, such as positive and negative feedback. It then discusses topics like feedback ratio, feedback topologies, and the effects of negative feedback. The second part of the document focuses on oscillators, covering concepts like the Barkhausen criterion, sources of starting voltage, classifications of oscillators, and specific oscillator circuits including LC, RC, phase shift, Wein bridge, Hartley, and Colpitts oscillators. It includes questions about calculating oscillator frequencies and component values.
This document contains questions and answers related to feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It begins by defining feedback and describing the different types, such as positive and negative feedback. It then discusses topics like feedback ratio, feedback topologies, and the effects of negative feedback. The second part of the document focuses on oscillators, covering concepts like the Barkhausen criterion, sources of starting voltage, classifications of oscillators, and specific oscillator circuits including LC, RC, phase shift, Wein bridge, Hartley, and Colpitts oscillators. It includes questions about calculating oscillator frequencies and component values.
This document contains questions and answers related to feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It begins by defining feedback and describing the different types, such as positive and negative feedback. It then discusses topics like feedback ratio, feedback topologies, and the effects of negative feedback. The second part of the document focuses on oscillators, covering concepts like the Barkhausen criterion, sources of starting voltage, classifications of oscillators, and specific oscillator circuits including LC, RC, phase shift, Wein bridge, Hartley, and Colpitts oscillators. It includes questions about calculating oscillator frequencies and component values.
This document contains questions and answers related to feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It begins by defining feedback and describing the different types, such as positive and negative feedback. It then discusses topics like feedback ratio, feedback topologies, and the effects of negative feedback. The second part of the document focuses on oscillators, covering concepts like the Barkhausen criterion, sources of starting voltage, classifications of oscillators, and specific oscillator circuits including LC, RC, phase shift, Wein bridge, Hartley, and Colpitts oscillators. It includes questions about calculating oscillator frequencies and component values.
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EC1517
Saveetha School of Engineering
Saveetha University Department of ECE ANALOG ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-II UNIT I FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS
PART A 1. What is meant by feedback? Feedback is a part of output is sampled and feedback to the input of the amplifier. 2. Give the different types of feedbacks used in amplifier circuits. Positive feedback. Negative feedback. 3. Define positive feedback. When input signal and part of output signal are in phase the feedback is called positive feedback. 4. Define negative feedback. When input signal and part of output signal are in out of phase the feedback is called positive feedback. 5. What type of feedback is used in oscillator? Positive. 6. Give classification of Amplifiers. The amplifiers can be classified into four categories: voltage, current, transconductance and transresistance amplifiers. 7. Define feedback ratio or feedback factor. The ratio of the feedback voltage to output voltage is known as feedback factor or feedback ratio.() 8. List the four feedback topologies. Voltage amplifier with voltage series feedback. Transconductance amplifier with current series feedback Current amplifier with current shunt feedback Transresistance amplifier with voltage shunt feedback. 9. What is voltage sampling? When the output voltage is sampled by connecting the feedback network in shunt with the output, the connection is referred as node or voltages sampling. 10. What is current sampling? When the output voltage is sampled by connecting the feedback network in series with the output, the connection is referred as node or voltages sampling. 11. What is the purpose of mixer network in feedback amplifier? The mixer network is used to combine feedback signal and input signal at input of an amplifier. 12. What is sensitivity of the transfer gain ? The fractional change in amplification with feedback divided by the fractional change without feedback is called the sensitivity of the transfer gain. 13. What is the effect of lower cut-off frequency with negative feedback? Lower cut off frequency with feedback is less than lower cutoff frequency without feedback by factor (1+Amid) 14. What is the effect of upper cut off frequency with negative feedback. Upper cutoff frequency with feedback is greater than upper cutoff frequency without feedback by factor (1+Amid). 15. A feedback amplifier has an open loop gain of 600 and feedback factor = 0.01. Find the open loop gain with negative feedback. AVF = AV/1+AV = 600/1+0.01*600 = 85.714
16. What is the effect of negative feedback on noise ?
The noise is reduced with the negative feedback. 17. What is the effect of negative feedback on non linear distortion? The linear distortion is reduced with the negative feedback. 18. What is the effect of negative feedback on frequency distortion? The frequency distortion is reduced with the negative feedback. UNIT II OSCILLATORS PART A 1. What is an oscillator ? An oscillator is a circuit which basically acts as a generator, generating the output signal which oscillates with constant amplitude and constant desired frequency. 2. Explain the concept of positive feedback. The feedback is an property which allows to feedback the part of the output top the same circuit as its input. Such a feedback is said to be positive whenever the part of the output that is fed back to the amplifier as its input ,is in phase with the original input signal applied to the amplifier. 3. What is the difference between open loop and closed loop gain of the cicuit? The gain of the amplifier is ratio of output to input when no feedback is used is called open loop gain .While the ratio of output to input ,considering the overall effect of the feedback is called closed loop gain. 4. State the barkhausen criterion for an oscillator. The barkhausen criterion states that : i) The total phase shift around a loop ,as the signal proceeds from input through amplifier, feedback network back to input again, completing a loop, is precisely 0 0 to 3600 ,or of course an integral multiple of 2 radians. ii) The magnitude of the product of the open loop gain of the amplifier (A) and the feedback factor is unity IA = 1 5. What type of oscillations get produced if phase shift around a loop is 360 0 & A is greater than one? It produces growing type of oscillations. 6. What type of oscillations get produced if phase shift around a loop is 360 0 and A is lesser than one . It produces decaying type of oscillations. 7. From where the starting voltage for the oscillator is derived? Every resistance has some electrons .Under the influence of normal room temperature these free electrons move randomly in various directions. Such a movement of electrons generate a voltage called noise voltage, across the resistance .Such noise voltages provide the starting voltage. 8. Why in practice A is greater than unity? To amplify small noise voltage present, so that oscillations can start, A is kept initially greater than unity. 9. Give the classification of oscillator The classification is based on a) Type of components used for feedback b) Type of waveform produced c) Whether feedback is used or not d) Range of frequency produced 10. Give the range of frequency for LC oscillators. The range of frequency for LC oscillators is 200- 300khz up to few gigahertz. 11. Give the range of frequency for RC oscillators. The range of frequency for LC oscillators is 20 Hz-200 kHz. 12. Why LC oscillators are not used for low frequency range? At low frequencies the values of inductor required is large. The inductor is large in size and occupies a lot of space .It increases size and cost of the circuit. Hence LC
oscillators are not used for low frequency range.
13. State the frequency of oscillations for the RC phase shift oscillator. The frequency of oscillations is, F = 1/2RC(4k +6)1/2 14. What is the condition of hfe for the transistor required in the transistorized RC phase shift oscillator? The condition is hfe = 4k+23+29/k 15. What is the gain requirement for the phase shift oscillator using opamp? The gain of the opamp required is minimum 29 for the oscillations. 16. Which are the frequency sensitive arms in the wein bridge oscillators. The arm which decides the frequency of oscillations i.e. R1-C1 and R2-C2 are the frequency sensitive arms. 17. What is the gain requirement for the wein bridge oscillator? The gain requirement for wein bridge oscillator is minimum 3. 18. How to obtain Hartley oscillator from the basic form of LC oscillator? Using X1andX2 as inductors and X3 as a capacitor, Hartley oscillator from a basic form of LC oscillator is obtained. 19. State the condition required for the hfe required in the transistorized Hartley oscillator. The condition required for the hfe required is hfe =L1/L2. 20. State the expression for frequency of operation of colpitts oscillator. The frequency of oscillations is, f = 1/2(LCeq)1/2 Where Ceq = C1C2/C1+C2 21. State the condition required for the hfe required in the transistorized colpitts oscillator. hfe =C1/C2. 22. A crystal has the following parameters L = 0.3 H, C= 0.06 pF, and mounting capacitance is 3 pF. Calculate its series and parallel resonant frequencies. 23. A wien bridge oscillator is used for operation at 10 KHz. If the value of the resistor R is 100 K , what is the value of C required? 24. If L1= 1 mH, L2= 2 mH and C = 0.1 nF, what is the frequency of oscillation of the Hartley oscillator? 25. A series RL circuit is connected to a 110-V ac source. If the voltage across the resistor is 85V , find the voltage across the inductor?
