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The document presents equations to model the force-displacement relationship for linear and bi-linear systems. It derives that when the linear and bi-linear systems have equal force, the ductility equals 1 and the time equals a multiple of pi. It then integrates the equations of force over displacement to obtain expressions for the total energy of the linear and bi-linear systems as functions of various parameters.

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61 views6 pages

PDF File PDF

The document presents equations to model the force-displacement relationship for linear and bi-linear systems. It derives that when the linear and bi-linear systems have equal force, the ductility equals 1 and the time equals a multiple of pi. It then integrates the equations of force over displacement to obtain expressions for the total energy of the linear and bi-linear systems as functions of various parameters.

Uploaded by

Anonymous vm30UQ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Given that,

Fd ( t )1 = Cd 1ud ( t ) while linear


Fd ( t ) 2 = pCd 1ud + (1 p ) Cd 1udy while bi-linear
here, u d = ud 0 sin t
so, ud = ud 0 cos t
and d =

ud 0 ud 0 ud 0
=
=
udy udy udy

when t=t A ;
Fd ( t )1 of linear = Fd ( t )2 of bi-linear
C d 1ud 0 cos t A = pCd 1ud 0 cos t A + (1 p ) Cd 1udy
ud 0 cos t A = udy
cos t A =

udy

u d 0

udy
1
=
;
ud 0 d

we know,
ductility d 1 when Fd 1 works on.
ductility d 1 when Fd 2 works on.
so, when t=t A and d = 1 at that time, Fd 1 = Fd 2
From this logic,
1
= 1 cos t A = 1 t A = cos 1 (1) t A = 0, 2 , 4 ....
cos t A =

From displacement 0 to u dA the acting force will be Fd 1 , which is linear.


From displacement u dA to u d 0 the acting force is Fd 2 , and it's bi-linear.
Now,
ud 0
udA

total energy E d = 4 Fd 1du + Fd 2 du


0

udA
have to prove,
the solve of this integration will be

2 (1 p ) 2 1

d
1 1

cos . Cd 1ud2 0
Ed = 1 +

d
d

To solve this let's take the first part of the integral:


udA

d1

udA

du =

ud 0 cos tdu

d1

udA

= Cd 1ud 0

cos tdu
0

t depends on u.
u
sin 1 d

ud 0
So, in same way:udA = ud 0 sin t A

u d ( t ) = ud 0 sin t t =

u
u
again,sin 1 d = cos 1 1 d
ud 0
ud 0
udA

= Cd 1ud 0

u
1

1
d
cos . cos 1
du

u
d
0

= Cd 1ud 0

u
1 d du
ud 0

udA

udA

1
= Cd 1ud 0 .
ud 0

ud2 0 ud2 du

we know,
x 2
a2
x
2
a
x

+
sin 1 + C

2
2
a
so, from this we can write:
a 2 x 2 dx =

u
=C d 1 d
2

udA

u
u2
u u + d 0 sin 1 d
2
ud 0 0
2
d0

2
d

u
u2
u2
2
= Cd 1 dA ud2 0 udA
+ d 0 sin 1 dA 0 d 0 sin 1 ( 0 )
2
2
ud 0
2

1
sin ( 0 ) = 0, , 2 ,3 ..........
u sin t A

u sin t A ud2 0
u2
= Cd 1 d 0
ud2 0 ud20 sin t A + d 0 sin 1 d 0
sin 1 ( 0 )

ud 0
2
2

sin t A cos t A t A 1 1
= Cd 1ud2 0
+
sin ( 0 ) ............... (1)
2
2 2

Or, we can solve it in this way:


udA

tA

Fd ( t )1du = Cd 1ud 0 cos t.ud 0 .cos t. dt


0

here, ud = ud 0 sin t
du = ud 0 cos tdt
Cd 1 2ud2 0 A
cos 2tdt

2
0
t

C 2ud2 0
= d1
2

tA

(1 + cos 2t )dt
0

C 2ud2 0 t A Cd 1 2ud2 0 sin 2t A


= d1
[t ]0 +
2
2
2
0
Cd 1 2ud2 0
C 2ud2 0 sin 2t A
.t A + d 1
.
2
2
2
2
C u
sin 2t A
= d 1 d 0 t A +
...................... ( 2 )
2
2

Now for the second part of integration,


ud 0

Fd ( t )2 du = pCd 1ud 0

udA

ud 0

udA
2

udA

(1 p ) Cd 1ud 0

ud 0

= pCd 1

udA

ud2 0 ud2 du +

udA

= pCd 1ud 0

ud 0

1 sin 2 tdu +

ud 0

cos tdu +

(1 p ) Cd 1ud2 0
d

udA

[ud 0 udA ]

(1 p ) Cd 1ud 0

udA

= pCd 1ud 0

u d 0
du
d

u
(1 p ) Cd 1ud 0 u ud 0
1 d du +
[ ]udA
d
ud 0

ud 0

= pCd 1ud 0

ud 0

cos tdu + (1 p ) .Cd 1.

[ud 0 ud 0 sin t A ]

[1 sin t A ]

u
u
as, ud = ud 0 sin t t = sin d = cos 1 1 d
ud 0
ud 0

1
= pCd 1ud 0 .
ud 0

ud 0

u u
2
d0

= pCd 1

1 p ) Cd 1ud2 0
(
du +

udA

ud 0

u u
2
d0

2
d

2
d

1 p ) Cd 1ud2 0
(
du +

udA

[1 sin t A ]

[1 sin t A ]

d2 1
we know, cos t A =
sin t A =
d
d
1

ud 0

now,

udA

u
ud2 0 ud2 du = d
2

ud 0

u
u2
ud2 0 ud2 + d 0 sin 1 d
2
ud 0 u

dA

u
u u
u
u2
u2
2
= d 0 ud2 0 ud2 0 + d 0 sin 1 d 0 dA ud2 0 udA
d 0 sin 1 dA
2
2
ud 0 2
ud 0
2
u2

u2
u2
= 0 + d 0 sin 1 (1) d 0 sin t A cos t A d 0 .t A
2
2
2

so, we get:
ud 0

udA

Fd ( t )2 du = pCd 1

ud 0

udA

ud2 0 ud2 du +

(1 p ) Cd 1ud2 0
d

[1 sin t A ]

u2
(1 p ) Cd 1ud2 0
u2
u2
= pCd 1 0 + d 0 sin 1 (1) d 0 sin t A cos t A d 0 .t A +
2
2
2
d

d2 1
1
.............. ( 3)
d

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