Chapter 1

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

I. THE ORIGIN OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Acupuncture and moxibustion are an important invention of the Chinese
nation which originated as early as in the clan commune period of the
primitive society. The activities of human beings appeared in China about
1,700,000 years ago. It was about 100,000 years ago that China entered
the clan commune period which lasted till 4,000 years ago. In the classics
of two thousand years ago, it was frequently cited that the acupuncture
instruments were made of stone and were named bian stone. In the Old
Stone Age the ancestors knew how to use stone knives and scrapers to
incise an abscess, drain pus and let blood out for therapeutic purposes. In
the New Stone Age because of the improvement in their technique of
stone manufacturing, the ancient people were able to make bian stone as
a special tool with more medical usage.
II. THE ACADEMIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ANCIENT ACUPUNCTURE AND
MOXIBUSTION
From the twenty-first century B.C. when China entered the slave society
to 476 B.C., Chinese history went through the Xia, Shang and Western
Zhou dynasties and the Spring and Autumn Period. Three thousand years
ago in the Shang Dynasty the hieroglyphs of acupuncture and moxibustion
appeared in the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells. With the
introduction and application of iron instruments, bian stone needles were
replaced by metal medical needles. These discoveries demonstrate the
original shapes of the ancient needles. In the period of Warring States,
ancient doctors began to generalize and summarize medicine and
pharmacology, and writings on acupuncture and moxibustion appeared.
The book Huangdis Internal Classic passed on to now is a medical classic
concerning the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, with its authorship
ascribed to the ancient Emperor Huangdi. It includes two parts:
Miraculous Pivot, in another name Huangdis Canon of Acupuncture, and
Plain Questions. This laid a theoretical foundation of Chinese medicine and
pharmacology, including acupuncture and moxibustion. From the Eastern
Han Dynasty (A.D. 25-220) to the Three Kingdoms Period (220-265),
another generalization and summarization of traditional Chinese medicine
and pharmacology was made. Many famous doctors paid great attention
to the study of acupuncture and moxibustion. For example, Hua Tuo who
was the pioneer to apply herbal anesthesia for surgical operations only
selected one to two points in acupuncture treatment and took much notice
to the propagation of needling sensation. The outstanding medical doctor
Zhang Zhongjing also mentioned the methods of acupuncture,
moxibustion, fire needling, warm needling, etc. in his book Treatise on
Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases. During the Jin Dynasties (265581),The famous doctor Ge Hong wrote the book Prescriptions for
Emergencies to popularize medical knowledge, especially the therapeutic
methods of acupuncture and moxibustjon. Supported by the Northern
Song government, the famous acupuncturist Wang Weiyi revised the
locations of the acupuncture points and their related meridians, and made
a supplement to the indications of acupuncture points. The famous
acupuncturist Wang Zhizhong of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote the
book Canon on the Origin of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, in which be
laid stress on practical experiences including folk experiences, exerting a
great influence on later generations. The famous doctor Hua Shou of the
Yuan Dynasty did textual research on the pathways of meridians and

collaterals as well as their relationship with acupuncture points. In 1341

he wrote the book Exposition of the Fourteen Meridians, which further
developed the theory of meridians and acupuncture points. In the Ming
Dynasty (1368-1644) acupuncture and rnoxibustion were worked up to a
climax that many problems were studied deeper and broader. The main
accomplishments in the Ming Dynasty were: I. Extensive collection and
revision of the literature of acupuncture and moxibustion. 2. Studies on
the manipulating methods of acupuncture. 3. Development of warm
moxibustion with moxa stick from burning moxibustion with moxa cone. 4.
Sorting out the previous records of acupuncture sites located away from
the Fourteen Meridians and formation of a new category of extra points.
From the establishment of the Qing Dynasty to the Opium War (16441840), the medical doctors regarded herbal medication as superior to
acupuncture, therefore acupuncture and moxibustion gradually turned to a
failure.
Ill. MODERN DECLINE
MOXIBUSTION

AND

NEW

LIFE

OF

ACUPUNCTURE

AND

From 1914, the reactionary government of China continuously yelled to

ban traditional medicine and adopted a series of measures to restrict its
development, resulting in a decline of Chinese traditional medicine
including acupuncture and moxibustion. Because of the great need of the
Chinese people for medical care, acupuncture and moxibustion got its
chance to spread among the folk people. Many acupuncturists made
unrelenting efforts to protect and develop this great medical legacy by
founding acupuncture associations, publishing books and journals on
acupuncture, and
launching
correspondence courses to teach
acupuncture.
IV. REJUVENATION OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION IN NEW CHINA
In July 1951, the Experimental Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion
Therapy affiliated directly to the Ministry of Public Health was set up. From
the 1970s up to now, investigations have been done on the mechanism of
acupuncture anesthesia and acupuncture analgesia.
V. THE DISSEMINATION OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION TO THE
WORLD
In the sixth century, acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to
Korea. It was also in the sixth century that acupuncture and moxibustion
were passed on to Japan. The Chinese Government presented the book
Canon of Acupuncture to the Mikado of Japan in A.D. 552. In A.D. 702 the
Japanese government issued an Imperial Order to copy the medical
educational system of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and set up a speciality of
acupuncture and moxibustion. With the cultural exchanges between China
and foreign countries, acupuncture and moxibustion were also
disseminated to Southeast Asia and the continent of India. Acupuncture
and moxibustion began to be introduced to Europe in the sixteenth
century. France made an early contribution to spreading this therapy
through Europe. Since its founding in 1979, All-China Association of
Acupuncture and Moxibustion has strengthened the connections and
exchanges with the corresponding academic organizations of various
countries; and China will make greater contributions to international
development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Chapter 2
YIN-YANG AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS
The theories of yin-yang and the five elements were two interpretations of
natural phenomena. They reflected a primitive concept of materialism and
dialectics and played an active role in promoting the development of
natural science in China I. YIN-YANG The theory of yin-yang is a
conceptual frame work which was used for observing and analyzing the
material world in ancient China. The theory of yin-yang, however, does not
itself refer to any concrete objective phenomena. They may represent two
separate phenomena with opposing natures, as well as different and
opposite aspects within the same phenomenon. Accordingly, within the
field of medicine different functions and properties of the body are
classified as either yin or yang. The yin-yang nature of a phenomenon is
not absolute but relative. This relativity is reflected in two ways. On the
one hand, under certain conditions yin may change into yang and vice
versa (the inter-transforming nature of yin and yang), and on the other
hand, any phenomenon may be infinitely divided into its yin and yang
aspects, reflecting its own inner yin-yang relationship. 1. The Basic
Knowledge of the Theory of Yin and Yang 1) The opposition of yin and
yang The theory of yin-yang holds that everything in nature has two
opposite aspects, namely yin and yang. The opposition of yin and yang is
mainly reflected in their ability to struggle with, and thus control each
other. 2) The interdependence of yin and yang Yin and yang oppose each
other and yet, at the same time, also have a mutually dependent
relationship. Neither can exist in isolation: without yin there can be no
yang, without yang no yin. The yang on the exterior is the manifestation
of the substantial movement in the interior, so it is known as the servant
of yin. The yin in the interior is the material base for functional activities
and is therefore called the guard of yang. Without yang there would be
no production of yin; without yin there would be no production of yang. 3)
The inter-consuming-supporting relationship of yin and yang The two
aspects of yin and yang within any phenomenon are not fixed, but in a
state of continuous mutual consumption and support. For instance, the
various functional activities (yang) of the body will necessarily consume a
certain amount of nutrient substance (yin). 4) The inter-transfonning
relationship of yin and yang The two aspects of yin and yang within any
phenomenon are not absolutely static. In certain circumstances, either of
the two may transform into its opposite. Extreme yin will necessarily
produce yang, and extreme yang will necessarily produce yin. Severe cold
will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold. 5) The
infinite divisibility of yin and yang As already men-tioned, yin and yang
are in a state of constant change. This means that there are relative
degrees of both yin and yang. Yin and yang could amount to ten in
number; they could be extended to one hundred, one thousand, ten
thousand or infinity; but although infinitely divisible, yin and yang are
based upon only one important principle. 2. Application of the Theory of
Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine It serves to explain the
organic structure, physiological functions and pathological changes of the
human body, and in addition guides clinical diagnosis and treatment. 1)
Yin-yang and the organic structure of the human body According to the
nature of their functional activities, the zang organs are yin and the fu
organs yang. Furthermore, within each of the zang-fu organs, there are
yin and yang aspects; for example, heart-yin and heart-yang, kidney-yin
and kidney-yang. Within the meridian system there are two categories:
yin meridians and yang meridians 2) Yin-yang and the physiological
functions of the human body The theory of yin-yang holds that the normal
vital activities of the human body are based on the coordination of yin and

yang in a unity of opposites. Functional activities pertain to yang and

nutrient substances to yin. When yin is stablized and yang well-conserved,
the spirit will be in harmony; separation of yin and yang will cause
exhaustion of essential qi. 3) Yin-yang and pathological changes in the
human body The theory of yin-yang is also applied to explain pathological
changes. There are two types of pathogenic factors: yin and yang.
Antipathogenic qi involves yin fluid and yang qi. Although the pathological
changes that occur in disease are complicated and subject to change, they
can be generalized and explained by: imbalance of yin and yang, excess
of yin leading to cold syndromes, excess of yang leading to heat
syndromes, deficiency of yang leading to cold syndromes and
deficiency of yin leading to heat syndromes. 4) Yin-yang as a guide to
clinical diagnosis and treatment The root cause for the occurrence and
development of disease is imbalance between yin and yang. For this
reason, however complicated and changeable the clinical manifestations
may be, with a good command of the principle of yin-yang, we may grasp
the key linking elements and analyse them effectively. Yin-yang is the
basis for the differentiation of syndromes by the eight principles, namely,
yin, yang, interior, exterior, cold, heat, deficiency and excess. Exterior,
heat and excess are yang, whilst interior, cold and deficiency are yin. In
this way, complicated clinical situations can be simplified, and a correct
diagnosis given.
II. THE FIVE ELEMENTS
The five elements refer to five categories in the natural world, namely
wood, fire, earth, metal and water. The theory of the five elements holds
that all phenomena in the universe correspond in nature either to wood,
fire, earth, metal or water, and that these are in a state of constant
motion and change. between them, and the relation between human
beings and the natural world. It thus serves to guide clinical diagnosis and
treatment. 1. Classification of Phenomena According to the Five Elements
In early times, the Chinese people recognized that wood, fire, earth, metal
and water were indispensable in their daily lives as well as having
different natures. The classification of the meridians according to the five
elements is based on the nature of the zang-fu organs: Zang-fu Meridian
Element Liver Foot Jueyin Wood Gallbladder Foot Shaoyang Wood Heart
Hand Shaoyin Fire Small Intestine Hand Taiyang Fire Spleen Foot Taiyin
Earth Stomach Foot Yangming Earth Lung Hand Taiyin Metal Large
Intestine Hand Yangming Metal Kidney Foot Shaoyin Water Bladder Foot
Taiyang Water Pericardium Hand Jueyin Fire Sanjiao Hand Shaoyang Fire
2. The Law of Movement of the Five Elements The law of movement of the
five elements mainly manifests in the following ways: interpromoting,
interacting, overacting, counteracting, and mutual interaction between
mother and son. In the promotion of growth there must be control, and in
control there must be promotion of growth. The mutual condition of
affecting between mother and son refers to the phenomenon of
abnormal interpromoting between the five elements. 3. The Application of
the Theory of the Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine 1) The five
elements and the interrelationship between the zang-fu organs In this
theory, each of the internal organs pertains to one of the five elements.
The properties of the five elements serve as an analogy to explain some of
the physiological functions of the five zang. The meridians have a close
relationship with the zang-fu organs. The theory of the five elements is a
naive theory with definite limitations. The laws of interpromoting and
interacting can not reflect all the interrelationships between the zang-fu
organs and their related tissues 2) The five elements and pathological
relationships among the zang-fu organs The occurrence of disease is the
pathological manifestation of the dysfunction of the zang-fu organs and
their related tissues, which may be due to a number of factors

Transmission following the interpromoting cycle involves disorders of the

mother affecting the son and the son affecting the mother. Transmission
following the interacting cycle involves overacting and counter-acting.
When a liver disease is transmitted to the spleen, it is called wood
overacting on earth, and when a liver disease is transmitted to the lung,
it is called wood counteracting on metal. It must be pointed out that
mutual pathological influences among the viscera exist objectively. 3) The
five elements and clinical diagnosis and treatment The theory of the five
elements is applied to synthesize clinical data obtained through the four
diagnostic methods, and determine pathological conditions according to
the natures and laws of the five elements In general, the theories of yin
and yang and the five elements both encompass rudimentary concepts of
materialism and dialectics, and to some extent reflect the objective laws
of nature.

Chapter 3
THE ZANG-FU ORGANS
Zang-fu is the general term for the organs of the human body, and
includes the six zang organs, the six fu organs and the extraordinary fu
organs. The heart, lung, spleen, liver, kidney and pericardium are known
as the six zang organs. The gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, bladder and sanjiao are known as the six fu organs. The brain,
marrow, bones, vessels, gallbladder and uterus are known as the
extraordinary fu organs. Since the pericardium is a protective membrane
of the heart, the extraordinary fu organs pertain respectively to the
other fu organs, it is generally called five zang and six fu organs.
Historically, the development of the theory of the zang-fu organs in the
course of extensive medical practice involved three aspects: 1. Ancient
anatomical knowledge. 2. Observation of physiological and pathological
phenomena. 3. The summary of rich experience obtained through lengthy
clinical practice.
I. THE FIVE ZANG ORGANS
1. The Heart The main physiological functions of the heart are: dominating
the blood and vessels, manifesting on the face, housing the mind, and
opening into the tongue. 1) Dominating the blood and vessels and
manifesting on the face 2) Housing the mind The word mind has the
broad meaning of the outward appearance of the vital activities of the
whole body, and the narrow meaning of consciousness, e.g. spirit and
thinking. 3) Openint into the tongue Opening refers to the close
structural, physiological and pathological relationship between a particular
zang and one of the sense organs. The tongue is connected to the.
Appendix: The pericardium, known as xin bao luo, is a membrane
surrounding the heart. Its meridian connects with the sanjiao with which it
is externally-internally related. Its main function is to protect the heart. 2.
The Liver The liver is situated in the right hypochondriac region. Its main
physiological functions are storing blood, maintaining the free flow of qi,
controlling the tendons, manifesting in the nails and opening into the eye.
1) Storing blood 2) Maintaining the free flow of qi i) The liver and
emotional activity ii) The liver function and digestion iii) The liver function
and qi and blood 3) Controlling the tendons and manifesting in the nails 4)
Opening into the eye 3. The Spleen The spleen is situated in the middle
jiao. 1) Governing transportation and transformation The function of the
spleen in transporting and transforming essential substances refers to the
digestion, absorption and transmission of nutrient substance. 2)
Controlling blood Controlling blood means that the spleen qi has the
function of keeping the blood circulating in the vessels and preventing
extravasation. 3) Dominating the muscles and four limbs The spleen
transports and transforms the essence of food and water to nourish the
muscles and the four limbs. 4) Opening into the mouth and manifesting
on the lips The spleens function of transportation and transformation is
closely related to food intake and the sense of taste. 4. The Lung 1)
Dominating qi and controlling respiration Dominating qi has two aspects:
dominating the qi of respiration and dominating the qi of the whole body.
2) Dominating dispersing, skin and hair Dispersing here means
distributing. It is by the dispersing function of the lung that defensive qi
and body fluid are distributed to the whole body to warm and moisten the
muscles, skin and hair. 3) The lung dominates descending and
regulatesthe water passages Since the lung is the uppermost zang organ,
its qi descends to promote the circulation of qi and body fluid through the

body and to conduct them downwards 4) Opening into the nose The nose
is the pathway for respiration. The respiratory and olfactory functions of
the nose depend on lung qi. 5. The Kidney The kidneys are located at
either side of the lumbus, which is therefore described as the home of
the kidney. 1) Storing essence and dominating development and
reproduction 2) Dominating water metabolism 3) Receiving qi 4)
Dominating bone, manufacturing marrow to fill up the brain and
manifesting in the hair 5) Opening into the ear and dominating anterior
and posterior orifices II. THE SIX FU ORGANS 1. The Gallbladder The
gallbladder is attached to the liver with which it is externally-internally
related. Its main function is to store bile and continuously excrete it to the
intestines to aid digestion. 2. The Stomach The stomach is located in the
epigastrium. Its essential substances are transported and transformed by
the spleen to supply the whole body. The stomach and spleen, therefore,
act in conjunction and are the main organs carrying out the functions of
digestion and absorption. 3. The Small Intestine The small intestine is
located in the abdomen. Its upper end connects with the stomach, and its
lower end with the large intestine 4. The Large Intestine The large
intestine is located in the abdomen. Its upper end connects with the small
intestine via the ileocecum, and its lower end is the anus. The main
function of the large intestine is to receive the waste material sent down
from the small intestine, absorb its fluid content, and form the remainder
into faeces to be excreted. 5. The Bladder The bladder is located in the
lower abdomen. The main function of the bladder is the temporary storage
of urine, which is discharged from the body through qi activity when a
sufficient quantity has been accumulated. 6. The Sanjiao It is divided into
three parts: the upper, middle and lower jiao. Its main functions are to
govern various forms of qi, and serve as the passage for the flow of
yuanqi and body fluid. III. THE EXTRAORDINARY FU ORGANS The
extraordinary fu organs comprise the brain, marrow, bones, vessels,
gallbladder and uterus. Since they are different from the five zang and six
fu organs, they are called the extraordinary fu 1. The Brain The brain is
located in the skull and connects with the spinal marrow. The brain is the
organ of spirit, consciousness and thinking. 2. The Uterus The uterus,
located in the lower abdomen, presides over menstruation and nourishes
the foetus. IV. THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ZANG-FU ORGANS 1.
The Relationships Between The Zang Organs 1) The heart and lung 2) The
heart and spleen 3) The heart and liver 4) The heart and kidney 5) The
spleen and 6) The liver and lung 7) The lung and kidney 8) The liver and
spleen 9) The spleen and kidney 10) The liver and kidney 2. The
Relationship Between the Zan and the Fu Organs 1) The heart and small
intestine 2) The liver and gallbladder 3) The spleen and stomach 4) The
lung and large intestine 5) The kidney and bladder 3. The Relationship
Among the Fu Organ The main function of the six fu organs is
transportation and transformation. They play a major role in a series of
functional activities of digestion, absorption and excretion. The close
physiological connections between the six fu organs are also reflected
patholog

Chapter 4
QI, BLOOD AND BODY FLUID Qi, blood and body fluid are fundamental
substances which maintain the normal vital activities of the human body.
They are the material foundation for the physiological functions of the
zang-fu organs, tissues and meridians. Qi, blood and body fluid have an
independent relationship with the zang-fu organs, the tissues, and the
meridians, whilst both theories together combine to explain the
physiological functions of human body. I. QI According to ancient Chinese
thought, qi was the fundamental substance constituting the universe, and
all phenomena were produced by the changes and movement of qi.
Essential substances are the foundation of functional activities. All vital
activities of the human body are explained by changes movement of qi. 1.
Classification and Production of Qi Congenital qi and acquired qi are
dependent on each other for their production and nourishment. The
relationship is therefore an interdependent one: congenital qi promotes
acquired qi, which in turn nourishes congenital qi. l) Yuanqi (primary qi)
Derived from congenital essence, yuanqi needs to be supplemented and
nourished by the qi obtained after birth from food essence. Yuanqi takes
root in the kidney and spreads to the entire body via the sanjiao. 2)
Zongqi (pectoral qi) Zongqi is formed by the combination of qingqi (clean
qi) which is inhaled by the lung, and the qi of food essence which is
produced by the spleen and stomach. Zongqi is stored in the chest. Its
main functions are: i) To promote the lungs function of controlling
respiration. ii) To promote the hearts function of dominating the blood
and blood vessels. 3)Yingqi (nutrient qi) Derived from the qi of food
essence produced by the spleen and stomach, yingqi circulates in the
vessels. Its primary function is both to produce blood and to circulate with
it, providing further nourishment. 4) Weiqi (defensive qi) Weiqi is also
derived from the qi of food essence, but unlike yingqi it circulates outside
the vessels. It functions to protect the muscular surface, defend the body
against exogenous pathogenic factors, control the opening and closing of
the pores, moisten the skin and hair, readjust body temperature, and
warm up the zang-fu organs. Defending the body against exogenous
pathogenic factors is its principal function, hence the name weiqi. 2.
Functions of Qi Qi acts extensively in the human body by permeating all
parts. If the movement of qi ceases, the vital activities of the human body
will also cease. Abundant qi is the basis of good health and weakness of qi
may lead to disease. Qi, distributed to various parts of the body,
characteristically functions in the following different ways: 1) Promoting
function The growth and development of the human body, the
physiological activities of the zang-fu and meridians, the circulation of
blood and distribution of body fluid, are all dependent on the promoting
and stimulating effect of qi. 2) Warming function The normal temperature
of the body is maintained and readjusted by qi. 3) Defensive function Qi
defends the body surface against exogenous pathogenic factors. Qi also
combats pathogenic factors once disease occurs, and brings about
recovery by eliminating the invading pathogenic factors. 4) Checking
function Qi checks, controls and regulates certain bodily substances and
metabolic products. 5) Qihua (activities of qi) Qihua has two meanings.
Firstly it refers to the process of mutual transformation among essence,
qi, body fluid and blood. 6) Nourishing function This refers to yingqi the
nutrient substance formed from food. Yingqi, which circulates in the blood
vessels, is a part of blood and provides nourishment to the whole body.
Although these six functions of qi are different, they cooperate with and
supplement each other. II. BLOOD Blood is a red liquid circulating in the
vessels, and is a vital nutrient substance in the body. 1. Formation and
Circulation of Blood As the fundamental substances required in blood
formation originate from food essence produced by the spleen and

stomach, these two organs are regarded as the source of qi and blood.
The thirtieth chapter of Miraculous Pivot holds: When the middle jiao
receives food essence it will transform it into red fluid which is called
blood. 2. Functions of Blood Blood circulates throughout the body,
passing through the five zang and six fu in the interior, and the skin,
muscles, tendons and bones on the exterior. In this way blood nourishes
and moistens the various tissues and organs of the body. The nourishing
and moistening function of blood manifests clearly in the movement of the
eye and four limbs. Blood is the material foundation for mental activities.
A sufficient blood supply ensures clear consciousness and a vigorous
spirit. III. BODY FLUID Body fluid is a collective term for all the normal
fluids of the body. These are saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice and the
liquids in the joint cavities, as well as tears, nasal discharge, sweat and
urine. 1. Formation and Distribution of Body Fluid Body fluid is formed
from food and drink after its digestion and absorption by the spleen and
stomach. In addition, fluids sent downwards from the stomach continue to
be absorbed by the small and large intestines. To conclude, the formation,
distribution and excretion of body fluid is a complicated process resulting
from the coordinated activities of many of the zangfu, especially the lung,
spleen and kidney. Pathological, changes of these organs may
consequently affect the formation, distribution and excretion of body fluid.
2. Functions of Body Fluid (Jingye) Body fluid moistens and nourishes
various parts of the body. There are noticeable differences, however, in
the nature, form and location of different types of body fluid Ye is stored
in the joints and orifices and has the function of moistening the joints,
strengthening the brain and marrow and nourishing the orifices. As both
jing and ye are normal fluids in the body and are derived from the
same source the qi of food essence they may be transformed into
each other. Generally they are referred to together by the term jingye
(body fluid). IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QI, BLOOD AND BODY
FLUID Their close and complicated relationships often manifest in
physiology and pathology, and are important in determining treatment on
the basis of differentiation of syndromes. 1. The Relationship Between Qi
and Blood Both qi and blood are the material foundation for the functional
activities of the body. They originate from food essence and from essential
qi in the kidney, and their production depends on the functional activities
of the lung, spleen and kidney. Qi mainly provides warmth and motive
force, whilst blood provides nourishment and moisture. 2. The
Relationship Between Qi and Body Fluid Qi differs from body fluid in
nature, form and functional activities. There are similarities between
them, however, in their formation, circulation and distribution. Both
originate from food essence and circulate throughout the body. The
formation, distribution and excretion of body fluid depend upon qi
circulation, and cannot be separated from the activities of the qi of zangfu organs such as the lung, liver, kidney, sanjiao and bladder. 3. The
Relationship Between Blood and Body Fluid Since both blood and body
fluid are liquids and their main function is to nourish and moisten, they
are considered yin. Body fluid is an important part of blood, and when it
passes out of the vessels, it forms body fluid. Recurrent or severe
bleeding may injure body fluid and result in thirst, scanty urination and
dry skin. Severe consumption or loss of body fluid may also affect the
source of blood, manifesting as exhaustion of both body fluid and blood.

Chapter 5
THE MERIDIANS AND COLLATERALS The meridians and collaterals are
pathways in which the qi and blood of the human body are circulated.
They pertain to the zang-fu organs interiorly and extend over the body
exteriorly, forming a network and linking the tissues and organs into an
organic whole. This system of meridians and collaterals includes the
twelve regular meridians, eight extra meridians, fifteen collaterals, twelve
divergent meridians, twelve muscle regions and twe!ve cutaneous regions.
The meridians and collaterals are distributed both interiorly and exteriorly
over the body, transporting qi and blood to nourish the zang-fu organs,
skin, muscles, tendons and bones. I. THE BASIC CONCEPT OF THE
MERIDIANS AND COLLATERALS The following is a general description of
their nomenclature, functions, distribution and the order of the cyclic flow
of qi and blood. 1. The Nomenclature of the Meridians and Coliaterals and
Their Composition The nomenclature of the twelve regular meridians is
based on the three factors: a) hand or foot b) yin or yang, and c) a zang
or fu organ. Both the upper limbs (hands) and lower limbs (feet) are
divided into six regions, which are supplied respectively by the three yin
(Taiyin, Shaoyin and Jueyin) and three yang (Yangming, Taiyang and
Shaoyang) meridians. 2. Functions of the Meridians and Collaterals The
network of the meridians and collaterals is closely connected with the
tissues and organs of the body, and plays an important role in human
physiology, pathology, prevention and treatment of ailments. 1)
Transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang Under normal
conditions, the system of the meridians and collaterals functions to
transport qi and blood and regulate the balance between yin and yang of
the whole body. 2) Resisting pathogens and reflecting symptoms and
signs Under pathological conditions, the system of the m?ridians and
collaterals exerts its functions of combatting pathogens and reflecting
systemic or local symptoms and signs. 3) Transmitting needling sensation
and regulating deficiency and excess conditions In acupuncture, the
arrival of qi is essential to obtaining therapeutic effects. Acupuncture
treatment must aim at regulating the flow of qi. 3. Distribution of the
Fourteen Meridians Distribution in the Limbs Distribution in the Body Trunk
Distribution in the Head, Face and Neck 4. Cyclical Flow of Qi in the Twelve
Regular Meridians The twelve regular meridians link one another in a fixed
order. A cyclical flow of qi is maintained by the connection of the
meridians of the hand and foot, yin and yang, exterior and interior. Lung
(1) ---Large Instestine (2) ---Stomach (3) ---Sleen (4) ---Heart (5)
---Small Intestine (6) ---Bladder (7) ---Kidney (8) ---Pericardium (9)
---Sanjiao--- (10) Gallbladder (11) ---Liver (12) II. THE TWELVE REGULAR
MERIDIANS The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin The Large Intestine
Meridian of Hand-Yangming The Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming The
Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin The Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin The
Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang The Bladder Meridian of FootTaiyang The Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin The Pericardium Meridian of
Hand-Jueyin The Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang The Gallbladder
Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang The Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin III. THE
EIGHT EXTRA MERIDIANS The eight extra meridians are the Du, Ren,
Chong, Dai, Yangqiao, Yinqiao, Yangwei and Yinwei meridians. IV. THE
TWELVE DIVERGENT MERIDIANS AND FIFTEEN COLLATERALS The
Divergent Meridians and Collaterals branch out from the twelve regular
meridians. 1. The First Confluence 1) Divergent Meridian of the Bladder
Meridian of Foot Taiyang 2) Divergent Meridian of the Kidney Meridian of
Foot Shaoyin 2. The Second Confluence 1) Divergent Meridian of the
Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangimng 2) Divergent Meridian of the Spleen
Meridian of Foot Taiyin 3. The Third Confluence 1) Divergent Meridian of
the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang 2) Divergent Meridian of the

Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin 4. The Fourth Confluence 1) Divergent

Meridian of the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand Taiyang 2) Divergent
Meridian of the Heart Meridian of Hand Shaoyin 5. The Fifth Confluence 1)
Divergent Meridian of the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand Yangming 2)
Divergent Meridian of the Lung Meridian of Hand Taiyin 6. The Sixth
Confluence 1) Divergent Meridian of the Sanjiao (Triple Energizer)
Meridian of Hand 2) Divergent Meridian of the Pericardium Meridian of
Hand The distribution of the fifteen collaterals may be summarized as
follows: 1. The Three Yin Collaterals of Hand 1) The Collateral of the Lung
Meridian of Hand Taiyin 2) The Collateral of the Heart Meridian of Hand
Shaoyin I 3) The Collateral of Pericardjum Meridian of Hand Jueyin 2. The
Three Yang Collaterals of Hand 1) The Collateral of the Large Intestine
Meridian of Hand Yangming 2) The Collateral of the Small Intestine
Meridian of Hand Taiyang 3) The Collateral of the Sanjiao Meridian of Hand
Shaoyang 3. The Three Yang Collaterals of Foot 1) The Collateral of the
Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming 2) The Collateral of the Bladder
Meridian of Foot Taiyang 3) The Collateral of the Gallbladder Meridian of
Foot Shaoyang 4. The Three Yin Collaterals of Foot 1) The Collateral of the
Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin 2) The Collateral of the Kidney Meridian of
Foot Shaoyin 3) The Collateral of the Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin 5. The
Collaterals of the Ren and Du Meridians and the Major Collateral of the
Spleen 1) The Collateral of the Ren Meridian 2) The Collateral of Du
Meridian 3) The Major Collateral of the Spleen V. THE TWELVE MUSCLE
REGIONS AND TWELVE CUTANEOUS REGIONS 1. The Twelve Muscle
regions The Muscle Regions originate from the extremities of the limbs
and ascend to the head and trunk, but do not reach zang and fu organs.
1) Three Yang Muscle Regions of Foot a) Muscle Region of Foot Taiyang
(Bladder) b) Muscle Region of Foot Shaoyang (Gallbladder) c) Muscle
Region of Foot Yangming (Stomach) 2) Three Yin Muscle Regions of Foot
a) Muscle Region of Foot Taiyin (Spleen) b) Muscle Region of Foot Jueyin
(Liver) c) Muscle Region of Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) 3) Three Hand Yang
Muscle Regions a) Musclle Region of Hand Taiyang (Small Intestine) b)
Muscle Region of Hand Shaoyang (Sanjiao) c) Muscle Region of Hand
Yangming (Large Intestine) 4) Three Hand Yin Muscle Regions a) Muscle
Region of Hand Taiyin (Lung) b) Muscle Region of Hand Jueyin
(Pericardium) c) Muscle Region of Hand Shaoyin (Heart) 2. The Twelve
Cutaneous Regions The transmitting order of a disease is: Skin
collaterals meridians zang organs fu organs. .

Chapter 6
AN INTRODUCTION TO ACUPOINTS Acupoints are the specific sites
through which the qi of the zang-fu organs and meridians is transported
to the body surface. Acupoints are not only the pathways for the
circulation of qi and blood, but also the loci of response to diseases. In
acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, proper techniques are applied on
the acupoints to regulate the functional activities of the body, strengthens
body resistence so as to prevent and treat diseases. I. CLASSIFICATION
AND NOMENCLATURE OF ACUPOINTS 1. Classification of Acupoints There
are numerous acupoints distributed over the human body. 1) Acupoints of
the fourteen meridians Also known as regular points, acupoints of the
fourteen meridians are distributed along the twelve regular meridians, the
Du (Governor Vessel) and the Ren (Conception Vessel) Meridians, totally
amounting to 361. 2) Extraordinary Points They are effective in the
treatment of certain diseases. 3) Ashi Points Ash Points are also called
reflexing points, Clinically, they are mostly used for pain syndromes. 2.
Nomenclature of Acupoints 1) Names bearing analogy to water flow,
mountains and valleys 2) Names bearing analogy to animals, plants or
utensils 3) Names hearing analogy to architecturalstructure 4) Names
bearing analogy to astronomical and meteorological phenomena 5) Points
named according to anatomical terms 6) Points named according to their
therapeutic properties II. METHODS OF LOCATING ACUPOINTS Location of
acupoints, whether accurate or not, will affect the therapeutic results. At
present, commonly used in clinics are three methods of acupoint location,
i.e., proportional measurement, anatomical landmarks, and finger
measurement. 1. Proportional Measurements In the light of this record,
the width or length of various portions of the human body are divided
respectively into definite numbers of equal units as the standards for the
proportional measurement. 2. Anatomical Landmarks 1) Fixed landmarks
They include the five sense organs, hair, nails, nipple, umbilicus, and
prominence and depression of the bones. With them, it is easy to locate
points. 2) Moving landmarks Moving landmarks refer to those that will
appear only when a body part keeps in a specific position. 3. Finger
Measurement 1) Middle finger measurement When the patients middle
finger is flexed, the distance between the two medial ends of the creases
of the interphalangeal joints is taken as one cun. 2) Thumb Measurement
The width of the interphalangeal joint of the patients thumb is taken as
one cun. 3) Four-Finger Measurement The width of the four fingers. III.
SPECIFIC POINTS Specific points refer to those of the fourteen meridians
that have special properties and are grouped under special names. 1.
Specific Points on the Limbs 1) Five Shu Points Each of the twelve regular
meridians has, below the elbow or knee, five specific points, namely, JingWell, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River and He-Sea, which are termed
Five Shu points in general. The names of the five shu points image the
flow of meridian qi as the flow of water. The JingWell point is situated in
the place where the meridian qi starts to bubble. The YingSpring point is
where the meridian qi starts to gush. The Shu-Stream point is where the
meridian qi flourishes. The Jing-River point is where the meridian qi is
pouring abundantly. Finally, the He-Sea point signifies the confluence of
rivers in the sea, where the meridian qi is the most flourishing. 2) YuanPrimary Points Each of the twelve regular meridians has a Yuan-Primary
Point, which is located on the limbs. The Yuan-Primary Qi, originating
below the umbilicus and between the kidneys, is dispersed to the zang-fu
organs and further to the limbs via Sanjiao. 3) Limo-Connecting Points
Each of twelve regular meridians has, on the limbs, a LuoConnecting Point
to link its exteriorly-interiorly related meridian 4) Xi-Cleft Points The XiCleft Point is the site where the qi and blood of the meridian are deeply
converged. 5) Eight Confluent Points Eight Confluent Points refer to the

eight points on the limbs where the regular meridians communicate with
the eight extra meridians. 2. Specific Points on the Head and Trunk 1)
Back-Shim Points Back-Shu Points are specific points on the back where
the qi of the respective zang-fu organs is infused. 2) Front-Mu Points
Front-Mu points are those points on the chest and abdomen where the qi
of the respective zang-fu organs is infused and converged. 3) Crossing
Points Crossing points are those at the intersections of two or more
meridians. Distributed mainly on the head, face and trunk, and amounting
to over ninety in total. Appendix Eight Influential Points The Eight
Influential Points are first recorded in the chapter The 45th Medical
Problem of Classic on Medical Problems. Clinically, the corresponding
Influential Point can be employed to treat disorders of the zang organs, fu
organs, qi, blood, tendon, vessel, bone or marrow. IV. AN OUTLINE OF
THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF THE POINTS OF THE FOURTEEN
MERIDIANS Each of the points has its own therapeutic feature owing to its
particular location and pertaining meridian. However, all the points can be
used to treat disorders of the areas where they are located, and those
adjacent to their location. 1. The Remote Therapeutic Properties of the
Points The remote therapeutic properties of the points form a major
regularity which is established on the basis of the meridian theory. 2. The
Local and Adjacent Therapeutic Properties of the Points All the points in
the body share a common feature in terms of their therapeutic properties,
namely, all have local and adjacent therapeutic properties. Each point
located on a particular site is able to treat disorders of this area and of
nearby organs. The remote, adjacent, and local therapeutic property of
these points are determined by how far away their effects reach from the
location of points themselves. Clinical practice has proven that puncturing
certain points may bring forth biphasic regulation on diversified functional
abnormalities of the body.

Chapter 7
ACUPOINTS OF THE TAIYIN AND YANGMING MERIDIAN The Lung Meridian
of Hand-Taiyin running from the chest to the hand, and the Large Intestine
Meridian of HandYangming going from the hand to the head, are
exteriorly-interiorly related, so are the Stomach Meridian of FootYangming travelling from the head to the foot and the Spleen Meridian of
Foot-Taiyin travelling from the foot to the abdomen (chest). I. THE LUNG
MERIDIAN OF HAND-TAIYIN 1. Zhongfu (Front-Mu Point of the Lung, Li)
Location: Laterosuperior to the sternum at the lateral side of the first
intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Fig. 55)
Indications: Cough, asthma, pain in the chest, shoulder and back, fullness
of the chest. 2. Yuntnen (L 2) Location: In the depression below the
acromial extremity of the clavicle, 6 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See
Fig. 55) Indications: Cough, asthma, pain in the chest, shoulder and arm,
fullness in the chest. 3. Tianfu (L 3) Location: On the medial aspect of the
upper arm, 3 cun below the end of axillary fold, on the radial side of m.
biceps brachii. (See Col. Fig. 1) Indications: Asthma, epistaxis, pain in the
medial aspect of the upper arm. 4. Xiabai (L 4) Location: On the medial
aspect of upper arm, 1 cun below Tainfu (L 3), on the radial side of m.
biceps brachii. (See Col, Fig. 1) Indications: Cough, fullness in the chest,
pain in the medial aspect of the upper arm. 5. Chize (He-Sea Point, L 5)
Location: On the cubital crease, on the radial side of the tendon of m.
biceps brachii. This point is located with the elbow slightly flexed. (See
Fig. 56) Indication: Cough, hemoptysis, afternoon fever, asthma, sore
throat, fullness in the chest, infantile convulsions, spasmodic pain of the
elbow and arm, mastitis. 6. Kongzni (Xi-Cleft Point, L 6) Location: On the
palmar aspect of the forearm, on the line joining Taiyuan (L 9) and Chize
(L 5), 7 cun above the transverse crease of the wrist. (See Fig. 57)
Indications: Cough, pain in the chest, asthma, hemoptysis, sore throat,
spasmodic pain of the elbow and arm. 7. Lieque (Leo-Connecting Point,
Confluent Point, L 7) Location: Superior to the styloid process of the
radius, 1.5 cun above the transverse crease of the wrist. (See Fig. 57)
Indications: Headache, migraine, neck rigidity, cough, asthma, sore
throat, facial paralysis, toothache, pain and weakness of the wrist. 8.
Jingqu (Jing-River Piont, L 8) Location: 1 cun above the transverse crease
of the wrist in the depression on the lateral side of the radial artery. (See
Fig. 57) Indications: Cough, asthma, fever, pain in the chest, sore throat,
pain in the wrist. 9. Taiyuan (Shu-Stream and Yuan-Primary Point,
Influential Point of Vessels, L 9) Location: At the radial end of the
transverse crease of the wrist, in the depression on the lateral side of the
radial artery. (See Fig. 57) Indications: Cough, asthma, hemoptysis, sore
throat, palpitation, pain in the chest, wrist and arm. 10. Yuji (Ying-Spring
Point, L 10) Location: On the radial aspect of the midpoint of the first
metacarpal bone, on the junction of the red and white skin (i.e., the
junction of the dorsum and palm of the hand). (See Fig. 57) Indications:
Cough, hemoptysis, sore throat, loss of voice, fever, feverish sensation in
the palm. 11. Shaoshang (Jing-Weli Point, L 11) Location: On the radial
side of the thumb, about 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the nail. (See
Fig. 57) Indication: Sore throat, cough, asthma, epistaxis, fever, loss of
consciousness, mania, spasmodic pain of the thumb. II. THE LARGE
INTESTINE MERIDIAN OF HAND-YANGMING 1. Shangyang (Jing-Weli
Point, L I 1) Location: On the radial side of the index finger, about 0.1 cun
posterior to the corner of the nail. (See Fig. 59) Indications: Toothache,
sore throat, swelling of the submandibular region, numbness of fingers,
febrile diseases with anhidrosis, loss of consciousness. 2. Erjia? (YingSpring Point, L I 2) Location: On the radial side of the index finger, distal
to the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, at the junction of the red and white
skin. The point is located with the finger slightly flexed. (See Fig. 59)

Indications: Blurring of vision, Epistaxis, toothache, sore throat, febrile

diseases. 3. Sanjian (She-Stream Point, L I 3) Location: When a loose fist
is made, the point is on the radial side of the index finger, in the
depression proximal to the head of the second metacarpal bone. (See Fig.
59) Indications: Toothache, ophthalmalgia, sore throat, redness and
swelling of fingers and the dorsum of the hand. 4. Hegu (Yuan-Primary
Point, L I 4) Location: On the dorsum of the hand, between the 1St and
2nd metacarpal bones, approximately in the middle of the 2nd metacarpal
bone on the radial side. (See Fig. 59) Indications: Headache, pain in the
neck, redness, swelling and pain of the eye, epistaxis, nasal obstruction,
rhinorrhea, toothache, deafness, swelling of the face, sore throat,
parotitis, trismus, facial paralysis, febrile diseases with anhidrosis,
hidrosis, abdominal pain, dysentery, constipation, amenorrhea, delayed
labour, infantile convulsion, pain, weakness and motor impairment of the
upper limbs. 5. Yangxi (Jing-River Point, L I 5) Location: On the radial side
of the wrist. When the thumb is tilted upward, it is in the depression
between the tendons of m. extensor pollicis longus and brevis. (See Fig.
59, Indications: Headache, redness, pain and swelling of the eye,
toothache, sore throat, pain of the wrist. 6. Pianli (Leo-Connecting Point, L
I 6) Location: With the elbow flexed and the radial side of arm upward,
the point is on the line joining Yangxi (L I 5) and Quchi (L I 11), 3 cun
above Yangxi (L I 5). (See Fig. 61) Indications: Redness of the eye,
tinnitus, deafness, epistaxis, aching of the hand and arm, sore throat,
edema. 7. Wenliu (Xi-Cleft Point, L I 7) Location: With the elbow flexed
and the radial side of arm upward, the point is on the line joining Yangxi
(L I 5) and Quchi (L I 11), 5 cun above Yangxi (L I 5). (See Fig. 61)
Indications: Headache, swelling of the face, sore throat, borborygmus,
abdominal pain, aching of the shoulder and arm. 8. Xialian (L I 8)
Location: On the line joining Yangxi (L I 5) and Quchi ( LII 1), 4 cun below
Quchi (L I 5). (See Col Fig. 2) Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus,
pain in the elbow and arm, motor impairment of the upper limbs. 9.
Shanglian (L I 9) Location: On the line joining Yangxi (L I 5) and Quchi (L
I 11), 3 cun below Quchi (L I 5). (See Col Fig. 2) Indications: Aching of
the shoulder and arm, motor impairment of the upper limbs, numbness of
the hand and arm, borborygmus, abdominal pain. 10. Shousanli (L I 10)
Location: On the line joining Yangxi (L I 5) and Quchi (L I 11), 2 cun
below Quchi (L I 5). (See Fig. 61) Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea,
toothache, swelling of the cheek, motor impairment of the upper limbs,
pain in the shoulder and back. 11. Quchi (He-Sea Point, L 111) Location:
When the elbow is flexed, the point is in the depression at the lateral end
of the transverse cubital crease, midway between Chize (L 5) and the
lateral epicondyle of the humerus. (See Fig. 61) Indications: Sore throat,
toothache, redness and pain of the eye, scrofula, urticaria, motor
impairment of the upper extremities, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea,
febrile diseases. 12. Zhouliao (I 12) Location: When the elbow is flexed,
the point is superior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, about \1~
cun superolateral to Quchi (L I 11), on the medial border of the humerus.
(See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Pain, numbness and contracture of the elbow
and arm. 13. Shouwuli (L I 13) Location: Superior to the lateral
epicondyle of the humerus, on the line joining Quchi (L I II) and Jianyu (L
115), 3 cun above Quchi (L I 1 1). (See Col Fig. 2) Indications:
Contracture and pain of the elbow and arm, scrofula. 14. Binao (L I 14)
Location: On the line joining Quchi (L I 11) and Jianyu (L 115), 7 cun
above Quchi, on the radial side of the humerus, superior to the lower end
of m. deltoideus. (See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Pain in the shoulder and
arm, rigidity of the neck, scrofula. 15. Jianyu (L I 15) Location: Anteroinferior to the acromion, on the upper portion of m. deltoideus. When the
arm is in full abduction, the point is in the depression appearing at the
anterior border of the acromioclavicular joint. (See Fig. 62) Indications:
Pain in the shoulder and arm, motor impairment of the upper extremities,

rubella, scrofula. 16. Jugu(L116) Location: In the upper aspect of the

shoulder, in the depression between the acromial extremity of the clavicle
and the scapular spine. (See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Pain and motor
impairment of the upper extremities, pain in the shoulder and back. 17.
Tianding (L I 17) Location: On the lateral side of the neck, 1 cun below
Neck-Futu (LI 18), on the posterior border of m. sternocleidomastoideUs.
(See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Sudden loss of voice, sore throat, scrofula,
goiter. 18. Futn (L I 18) Location: On the lateral side of the neck, level
with the tip of Adams apple, between the sternal head and clavicular head
of m. sternocleidomastoideus. (See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Cough,
asthma, sore throat, sudden loss of voice, scrofula, goiter. 19. Koulieliao
(L I 19) Location: Right below the lateral margin of the nostril, 0.5 cun
lateral to Renzhong (Shuigou, Du 26). (See Col. Fig. 2) Indications: Nasal
obstruction, epistaxis, deviation of the mouth. 20. Yingxiang (L I 20)
Location: In the nasolabial groove, at the level of the midpoint of the
lateral border ala nasi. (See Fig. 63) Indications: Nasal obstruction,
hyposmia, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, deviation of the mouth, itching and
swelling of the face. III. THE STOMACH MERIDIAN OF FOOT-YANGMING 1.
Chengqi (S 1) Location: With the eyes looking straight forward, the point
is directly below the pupil, between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge.
(See Fig. 64) Indications: Redness, swelling and pain of the eye,
lacrimation, night blindness, twitching of eyelids, facial paralysis. 2. Sibai
(S 2) Location: Below Chengqi (S 1), in the depression at the infraorbital
foramen. (See Fig. 64) Indications: Redness, pain and itching of the eye,
facial paralysis, twitching of eye lids, pain in the face. . 3. Juliao (S 3)
Location: Directly below Sibai (S 2), at the level of the lower border of ala
nasi, on the lateral side of the nasolabial groove. (See Fig. 64)
Indications: Facial paralysis, twitching of eyelids, epistaxis, toothache,
swelling of lips and cheek. 4. Dicang (S 4) Location: Lateral to the corner
of the mouth, directly below Juliao (S 3). (See Fig. 64) Indications:
Deviation of the mouth, salivation, twitching of eyelids. 5. Daying (S 5)
Location: Anterior to the angle of mandible, on the anterior border of the
attached portion of m. masseter, in the groove-like depression appearing
when the cheek is bulged. (See Ccl. Fig: 3) Indications: Facial paralysis,
trismus, swelling of the cheek, pain in the face, toothache. 6. Jiache (S 6)
Location: One finger-breadth anterior and superior to the lower angle of
the mandible where m. masseter attaches at the prominence of the
muscle when the teeth are clenched. (See Fig. 65) Indications: Facial
paralysis, toothache, swelling of the cheek and face, mumps, trismus. 7.
Xiaguan (S 7) Location: At the lower border of the zygomatic?arch, in the
depression anterior to the condyloid process of the mandible. This point is
located with the mouth closed. (See Fig. 65) Indications: Deafness,
tinnitus, otorrhea, toothache, facial paralysis, pain of the face, motor
impairment of the jaw. 8. Touwei (S 8) Location: 0.5 cun within the
anterior hairline at the corner of the forehead, 4.5 cun lateral to Shenting
(Du 24). (See Fig. 65) Indications: Headache, blurring of vision,
ophthalmalgia, lacrimation. 9. Renying (S 9) Location: Level with the tip
of Adams apple, jus one course of the common carotid artery, on the
anterior border of m. sternocleidomastoi-deus. (See Fig. 66) Indications:
Sore throat, asthma, goiter, dizziness, flushing of the face. 10. Shuitu (S
10) Location: At the midpoint of the line joining Renying (S 9) and Qishe
(S 11), on the anterior border of m. sternocleidomastoideus. (See Ccl. Fig.
3) Indications: Sore throat, asthma, cough. 11. Qishe (S 11) Location: At
the superior border of the sternal extremity of the clavicle, between the
sternal head and clavicular head of m. sternocleidomastoideus. (See Col.
Fig. 3) Indications: Sore throat, pain and rigidity of the neck, asthma,
hiccup, goiter. 12. Quepen (S 12) Location: In the midpoint of the
supraclavicular fossa, 4 cun lateral to Ren Meridian. (See Ccl. Fig. 3)
Indications: Cough, asthma, sore throat, pain in the supraclavicular fossa.
13. Qihu (S 13) Location: At the lower border of the middle of the clavicle,

4 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 3) Indications: Fullness in
the chest, asthma, cough, hiccup, pain in the chest and hypochondrium.
14. Kufang (S 14) Location: In the first ibtercostal space, 4 cun lateral to
the Ren Meridian. (See Ccl. Fig. 3) Indications: Sensation of fullness and
pain in the chest, cough. 15. Wuyi (S 15) Location: In the second
intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian (See Coi~ Fig. 3)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest~ and the costal region, cough,
asthma; mastitis. 16. Yingchuang (S 16) Location: In the third intercostal
space, 4 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Ccl. Fig. 3) Indications:
Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, cough, asthma,
mastitis. 17. Ruzhong (S 17) Location: In the fourth intercostal space, in
the centre of the nipple. (See Col. Fig. 3) Acupuncture and moxibustion on
this point are contraindicated. This point serves only as a landmark for
locating points on the chest and abdomen. 18. Rugen (S 18) Location: In
the fifth intercostal space, directly below the nipple. (See Fig. 67)
Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma, mastitis, insufficient
lactation. 19. Burong (S 19) Location: 6 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun
lateral to Juque (Ren 14). (Col. Fig. 3) Indications: Abdominal distension,
vomiting, gastric pain, anorexia. 20. Chengman (S 20) Location: 5 cun
above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Shangwan (Ren 13). (See Ccl. Fig. 3)
Indications: Gastric pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, anorexia. 21.
Liangmen (5 21) Location: 4 cun aboye the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to
Zhongwan (Ren 12). (See Fig. 68) Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting,
anorexia, abdominal distension, diarrhea. 22. Guanmen (S 22) Location: 3
cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Jianli (Ren 11). (Col. Fig. 3)
Indications: Abdominal distension and pain, anorexia, borborygmus,
diarrhea, edema. 23. Taiyi (S 23) Location: 2 cun above the umbilicus, 2
cun lateral to Xiawan (Ren 10). (See Ccl. Fig. 3) Indications: Gastric pain,
irritability, mania, indigestion. 24. Huaronmen (S 24) Location: 1 cun
above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Shuifen (Ren 9). (See Col. Fig. 3)
Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, mania. 25. Tianshu (Front-Mu Point of
the Large Intestine, S 25) Location: 2 cun lateral to the centre of the
umbilicus. (See Fig. 68) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension,
borborygmus, pain around the umbilicus, constipation, diarrhea,
dysentery, irregular menstruation, edema. 26. Wailing (S 26) Location: 1
cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Yinjiao (Ren 7). (See Fig. 68)
Indications: Abdominal pain, hernia, dysmenorrhea. 27. Daju (S 27)
Location: 2 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Shimen (Ren 5).
( Col. Fig. 3) Indications: Lower abdominal distension, dysuria, hernia,
seminal emission, premature ejaculation. 28. Shuidao (S 28) Location: 3
cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Guanyuan (Ren 4). (See Ccl. Fig.
3) Indications: Lower abdominal distension, retention of urine, edema,
hernia, dysmenorrhea, sterility. 29. Guilai (S 29) Location: 4 cun below
the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Zhongji (Ren 3). (See Fig. 68) Indications:
Abdominal
pain,
hernia,
dysmenorrhea,
irregular
menstruation,
amenorrhea, leucorrhea, prolapse of the uterus. 30. Qichong (S 30)
Location: 5 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to Qugu (Ren 2). (See
Ccl. Fig. 3) Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, hernia, swelling
and pain of the external genitalia, impotence, dysmenorrhea, irregular
menstruation. 31. Biguan (S 31) Location: At the crossing point of the line
drawn directly down from, the anterior superior iliac spine and the line
level with the lower border of the symphysis pubis, in the depression on
the lateral side of m. sartcrius when the thigh is flexed. (See Fig. 69)
Indications: Pain in the thigh, muscular atrophy, motor impairment,
numbness pain of the lower extremities. 32. Futu (5 32) Location: On the
line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and lateral border of the
patella, 6 cun above the laterosuperior border of the patella, in m. rectus
femoris. (See Col. Fig. 4) Indications: Pain in the lumbar and iliac region,
coldness of the knee, paralysis or motor impairment and pain of the lower
extremities, beriberi. 33. Yinshi (S 33) Location: When the knee is flexed,

the point is 3 cun above the laterosuperior border of the patella, on the
line joining the laterosuperior border of the patella and the anterior
superior iliac spine. (See Ccl. Fig. 4) Indications: Numbness, soreness,
motor impairment of the leg and knee, motor impairment of the lower
extremities. 34. Liangqiu (Xi-Cleft Point, 5 34) Location: When the knee is
flexed, the point is 2 cun above the laterosuperior border of the patella.
(See Fig. 69) Indications: Pain and numbness of the knee, gastric pain,
mastitis, motor impairment of the lower extremities. 35. Dubi (S 35)
Location: When the knee is flexed, the point is at the lower border of the
patella, in the depression lateral to the patellar ligament. (See Fig. 70)
Indications: Pain, numbness and motor impairment of the knee, beriberi.
36. Zusanli (He-Sea Point, 536) Location: 3 cun below Dubi (S 35), onefinger-breadth from the anterior crest of the tibia, in m. tibialis anterior.
(See- Fig. 70) Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting hiccup, abdominal
distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, mastitis,
enteritis, aching of the knee joint and leg, beriberi, edema, cough,
asthma, emaciation due to general deficiency, indigestion, apoplexy,
hemiplegia, dizziness, insomnia, mania. 37. Shangjuxu (The Lower HeSea Point of the Large Intestine, S 37) Location: 3 cun below Zusanli (S
36), one finger-breadth from the anterior crest of the tibia, in m. tibialis
anterior. (See Fig. 70) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension,
borborygmus, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, enteritis, paralysis due to
stroke, beriberi. 38. Tiaokou (S 38) Location: 2 cun below Shangj~ixu (S
37), midway between Dubi (S 35) and Jiexi (S 41). (See Fig. 70 )
Indications: Numbness, soreness and pain of the knee and leg, weakness
and motor impairment of the foot, pain and motor impairment of the
shoulder, abdominal pain. 39. Xiajuxu (The Lower He-Sea Point of the
Small Intestine, S 39) Location: 3 cun below Shangjuxu (S 37), one
finger-breadth from the anterior crest of the tibia, in m. tibialis anterior.
(See Fig. 70) Indications: Lower abdominal pain, backache referring to the
testis, mastitis, numbness and paralysis of the lower extremities. 40.
Fenglong (Luo-Connecting Point, S 40) Location: 8 cun superior to the
external malleolus, about one finger-breadth lateral to Tiaokou (S 38).
(See Fig. 70) Indications: Headache, dizziness and vertigo, cough,
asthma, excessive sputum, pain in the chest, constipation, mania,
epilepsy, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, pain, swelling or paralysis
of the lower extremities. 41. Jiexi (Jing-River Point, S 41) Location: On
the dorsum of the foot, at the midpoint of the transverse crease of the
ankle joint, in the depression between the tendons of m. extensor
digitorum longus and hallucis longus. (See Fig. 71) Indications: Pain of the
ankle joint, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, pain and paralysis of the
lower extremities, epilepsy, headache, dizziness and vertigo, abdominal
distension, constipation. 42. Chongyang (Yuan-Primary Point, S 42)
Location: Distal to Jiexi (S 41), at the highest point of the dorsum of the
foot, in the depression between the second and third metatarsal bones
and the cuneiform bone. (See Fig. 71) Indications: Pain of the upper
teeth, redness and swelling of the dorsum of the foot, facial paralysis,
muscular atrophy and motor impairment of the foot. 43. Xiangu (ShuStream Point, S 43) Location: In the depression distal to the junction of
the second and third metatarsal bones. (See Fig. 71) Indications: Facial or
general edema, abdominal pain, borborygmus, swelling and pain of the
dorsum of the foot. 44. Neiting (Ying-Spring Point, S 44) Location:
Proximal to the web margin between the second and third toes, in the
depression distal and lateral to the second metatarsodigital joint. (See Fig.
71) Indications: Toothache, pain in the face, deviation of the mouth, sore
throat, epistaxis, gastric pain, acid regurgitation, abdominal distension,
diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, swelling and pain of the dorsum of the
foot, febrile diseases. 45. Lidui (Jing-WeIl Point, S 45) Location: On the
lateral side of the 2nd toe, 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the nail. (See
Fig. 71) Indications: Facial swelling, deviation of the mouth, epistaxis,

toothache, sore throat and hoarse voice, abdominal distension, coldness in

the leg and foot, febrile diseases, dream-disturbed sleep, mania. IV. THE
SPLEEN MERIDIAN FOOT-TAIYIN 1. Yinbai (Jing-Well Point, Sp 1) Location:
On the medial side of the great toe, 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the
nail. (See Fig. 72) Indications: Abdominal distension, bloody stools,
menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, mental disorders, dream-disturbed sleep,
convulsion. 2. Dadu (Ying-Spring Point, Sp 2) Location: On the medial side
of the great toe, distal and inferior to the first metatarsodigital joint, at
the junction of the red and white skin. (See Fig. 72) Indications:
Abdominal distension, gastric pain, constipation, febrile diseases with
anhidrosis. 3. Taibai (Shu-Stream and Yuan- Primary Point, Sp 3)
Location: Proximal and inferior to the head of the first metatarsal bone, at
the junction of the red and white skin. (See Fig. 72) Indications: Gastric
pain, abdominal distension, constipation, dysentery, vomiting, diarrhea,
borborygmus, sluggishness, beriberi. 4. Gongsun (Luo-Connecting Point,
Confluent Point, Sp 4) Location: In the depression distal and inferior to
the base of the first metatarsal bone, at the junction of the red and white
skin. (See Fig. 72) Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, abdominal pain and
distension, diarrhea, dysentery, borborygmus. 5. Shangqiu (Jing-River
Point, Sp 5) Location: In the depression distal and inferior to the medial
malleolus, midway between the tuberosity of the navicular bone and the
tip of the medial malleolus. (See Fig. 72) Indications: Abdominal
distension, constipation, diarrhea, borborygmus, pain and rigidity of the
tongue, pain in the foot and ankle, hemorrhoid. 6. Sanyinjiao (Sp 6)
Location: 3 cun directly above the tip of She medial malleolus, on the
posterior border of the medial aspect of the tibia. (See Fig. 73)
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, abdominal distension,
diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding, morbid
leukorrhea, prolapse of the uterus, sterility, delayed labour, nocturnal
emission, impotence, enuresis, dysuria, edema, hernia, pain in the
external genitalia, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, paralysis and
pain of the lower extremities, headache, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia.
7. Lougu (Sp 7) Location: 3 cun above Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) on the line
joining the tip of the medial malleolus and Yinlingquan (Sp 9). (See Fig.
73) Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, coldness, numbness
and paralysis of the knee and leg. 8. Diji (Xi-Cleft Point, Sp 8) Location: 3
cun below Yinlingquan (Sp 9), on the line connecting Yinlingquan (Sp 9)
and the medial malleolus. (See Fig. 73) Indications: Abdominal pain and
distension, diarrhea, edema, dysuria, nocturnal emission, irregular
menstruation, dysmenorrhea. 9. Yinlingquan (He-Sea Point, Sp 9)
Location: On the lower border of the medial condyle of the tibia, in the
depression on the medial border of the tibia. (See Fig. 73) Indications:
Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, jaundice,
dysuria, enuresis, incontinence of urine, pain in the external genitalia,
dysmenorrhea, pain in the knee. 10. Xuehai (Sp 10) Location: When the
knee is flexed, the point is 2 cun above the mediosuperior border of the
patella, on the bulge of the medial portion of m. quadriceps femoris. Or
when the patients knee is flexed, cup your right palm to his left knee;
with the thumb on the medial side and with the other four fingers directed
proximally, and the thumb forming an angle of 450 with the index finger.
The point is where the tip of your thumb rests. (See Fig. 74) Indications:
Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, amenorrhea,
urticaria, eczema, erysipelas, pain in the medial aspect of the thigh. 11.
Jimen (Sp 11) Location: 6 cun above Xuehai (Sp 10), on the line drawn
from Xuehai (Sp 10) to Chongmen (Sp 12). (See Col. Fig. 5) Indications:
Dysuria, enuresis, pain and swelling in the inguinal region, muscular
atrophy, motor impairment, pain and paralysis of the lower extremities.
12. Chongmen (Sp- 12) Location: Superior to the lateral end of the
inguinal groove, on the lateral side of the femoral artery, at the level of
the upper border of symphysis pubis, 3.5 cun lateral tQ Qugu (Ren 2).

(See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Abdominal pain, hernia, dysuria. 13. Fushe
(Sp 13) Location: 0.7 cun laterosuperior to Chongmen (Sp 12), 4 cun
lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Lower abdominal
pain, hernia. 14. Fujie (Sp 14) Location: 1.3 cun below Daheng (Sp 15), 4
cun lateral to the Ren Meridian, on the lateral side of m. rectus abdominis.
(See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Pain around the umbilical region, abdominal
distension, hernia, diarrhea, constipation. 15. Dahcng (Sp 15) Location: 4
cun lateral to the center of the umbilicus, lateral to m. rectus abdominis.
(See Fig. 75 ) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea,
dysentery, constipation. 16. Fuai (Sp 16) Location: 3 cun above Daheng
(Sp 15), 4 cun lateral to Jianli (Ren 1 1). (Col. Fig. 6) Indications:
Abdominal pain, indigestion, constipation, dysentery. 17. Shidou (Sp 17)
Location: In the fifth intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian.
(See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and
hypochondriac region. 18. Tianxi (Sp 18) Location: In the fourth
intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 6)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, cough,
hiccup, mastitis, insufficient lactation. 19. Xiongxiang (Sp 19) Location: In
the third intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col.
Fig. 6) Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondriac
region. 20. Zhourong (Sp 20) Location: In the second intercostal space, 6
cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Fullness in
the chest and hypochondriac region, cough, hiccup. 21. Dabao (Major
Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen, Sp 21) Location: On the mid-axillary
line, 6 cun below the axilla, midway between the axilla and the free end of
the eleventh rib. (See Col. Fig. 6) Indications: Pain in the chest and
hypochondriac region, asthma, general aching and weakness.

Chapter 8
ACUPOINTS OF THE SHAOYIN AND TAIYANG MERIDIAN The Heart
Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin going from the chest to the hand and the Small
Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang going from the hand to the head are
exteriorly and interiorly related, so are the Bladder Meridian of FootTaiyang runmng from the head to the foot and the Kidney Meridian of
Foot-Shaoyin running from the foot to the abdomen (chest). I. THE HEART
MERIDIAN OF HAND-SHAOYIN 1. Jiquan (H 1). Location: When the upper
arm is abducted, the point is in the centre of the axilla, on the medial side
of the axillary artery. (See Col. Fig. 7) Indications: Pain in the costal and
cardiac regions, scrofula, coldpain of the elbow and arm, dryness of the
throat. 2. Qingling (H 2) Location: When the elbow is flexed, the point is 3
cun above the medial end of the transverse cubital crease (Shaohai H 3),
in the groove medial to m. biceps brachii. (See Col. Fig. 7) Indications:
Pain in the cardiac and hypochol~driac regions, shoulder and arm. 3.
Shaohai (He-Sea Point, H 3) Location: When the elbow is flexed into a
right angle, the point is in the depression between the medial end of the
transverse cubital crease Indications: Cardiac pain, spasmodic pain and
numbness of the hand and arm, tremor of the hand, scrofula, pain in the
axilla and hypochondriac region. 4. Lingdao (Jing-River Point, H 4)
Location: When the palm faces upward, the point is on the radial side of
the tendon of m. flexor carpi ulnaris, 1.5 cun above the transverse crease
of the wrist. (See Fig. 76) Indications: Cardiac pain, spasmodic pain of the
elbow and arm, sudden loss of voice. 5. Tongli (Luo-Connecting Point, H 5)
Location: When the palm faces upward, the point is on the radial side of
the tendOn of m. flexor carpi ulnaris, 1 cun above the transverse crease of
the wrist. (See Fig. 76) Indications: Palpitation, dizziness, blurring of
vision, sore throat, sudden loss of voice, aphasia with stiffness of the
tongue, pain in the wrist and elbow. 6. Yinxi (Xi-Cleft Point, H 6) Location:
When the palm faces upward, the point is on the radial side of the tendon
of m. flexor carpi ulnaris, 0.5 cun above the transverse crease of the
wrist. (See Fig. 76) Indications: Cardiac pain, hysteria, night sweating,
hemoptysis, epistaxis, sudden loss of voice. 7. Shenmen (Shu-Stream and
Yuan Primary Point, H 7) Location: At the ulnar end of the transverse
crease of the wrist, in the depression on the radial side of the tendon of
m. flexor carpi ulnaris. (See Fig. 76) Indications: Cardiac pain, irritability,
palpitation, hysteria, amnesia, insomnia, mania, epilepsy, dementia, pain
in the hypochondriac region, feverish sensation in the palm, yellowish
sclera. 8. Shaofu (Ying-Spring Point, H 8) Location: When the palm faces
upward, the point is between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. When
a fist is made, the point is where the tip of the little finger rests. (See Fig.
77) Indications: Palpitation, pain in the chest, spasmodic pain of the little
finger, feverish sensation in the palm, enuresis, dysuria, pruritus of the
external genitalia. 9. Shaochong (Jing-Weli Point, H 9) Location: On the
radial side of the little finger, about 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the
nail. (See Fig. 77) Indications: Palpitation, cardiac pain, pain in the chest
and hypochondriac regions, mania, febrile diseases, loss of consciousness.
II. THE SMALL INTESTINE MERIDIAN OF HAND-TAIYANG 1. Shaoze (JingWeli Point, S I 1) Location: On the ulnar side of the little finger, about 0.1
cun posterior to the corner of the nail. (See Fig. 78) Indications:
Headache, febrile diseases, loss of consciousness, insufficient lactation,
sore throat, redness of the eye, cloudiness of the cornea. 2. Qiangu (YingSpring Point, S I 2) Location: When a loose fist is made, the point is on
the ulnar side, distal to the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint, at the
junction of the red and white skin. (See Fig. 78 ) Indications: Numbness
of the fingers, febrile diseases, tinnitus, headache, reddish urine. 3. Houxi
(Shu-Stream Point, One of the Eight Confluent Points, S I 3) Location:
When a loose fist is made, the point is on the ulnar side, proximal to the

fifth .metacarpophalangeal joint, at the end of the transverse crease and

the junction of the, red and white skin. (See Fig. 78 ) Indications: Pain
and rigidity of the neck, tinnitus, deafness, sore throat, mania, malaria,
acute lumbar sprain, night sweating, febrile diseases, contracture and
numbness of the fingers, pain in the shoulder and elbow. 4. Wangu (YuanPrimary Point, S I 4) Location: On the ulnar side of the palm, in the
depression between the base of the fifth metacarpal bone and the
triquetral bone. (See Fig. 78 ) Indications: Febrile diseases with
anhidrosis, headache, rigidity of the neck, contracture of the fingers, pain
in the wrist, jaundice. 5. Yanggu (Jing-River Point, S I 5) Location: At the
ulnar end of the transverse crease on the dorsal aspect of the wrist, in the
depression between the styloid process of the ulna and the triquetral
bone. (See Fig. 78 ) Indications: Swelling of the neck and submandibular
region, pain of the hand and wrist, febrile diseases. 6. Yanglao (Xi-Cleft
Point, S I 6) Location: Dorsal to the head of the ulna. When the palm
faces the chest, the point is in the bony cleft on the radial side of the
styloid process of the ulna. (See Figs. 78 and 79) Indications: Blurring of
vision, pain in the shoulder, elbow and arm. 7. Zhizheng (Luo-Connecting
Point, S I 7) Location: On the line joining Yanggu (S I 5) and Xiaohai (S I
8), 5 cun above Yanggu (S I 5). (See Fig. 80 ) Indications: Neck rigidity,
headache, dizziness, spasmodic pain in the elbow and fingers, febrile
diseases, mania. 8. Xiaohai (He-Sea Point, S I 8) Location: When the
elbow is flexed, the point is located in the depression between the
olecranon of the ulna and the medial epicondyle of the humerus. (See
Figs. 80 and 81) Indications: Headache, swelling of the cheek, pain in the
nape, shoulder, arm and elbow, epilepsy. Chinese Acupuncture and
Moxibustio 9. Jianzhen (S I 9) Location: Posterior and inferior to the
shoulder joint. When the arm is adducted, the point is 1 cun above the
posterior end of the axillary fold. (See Fig. 82) Indications: Pain in the
scapular region, motor impairment of the hand and arm. 10. Naoshu (S I
10) Location: When the arm is adducted, the point is directly above
Jianzhen (S I 9), in the depression inferior to the scapular spine. (See Fig.
82 ) Indications: Swelling of the shoulder, aching and weakness of the
shoulder and arm. 11. Tianzong (S I 11) Location: In the infrascapular
fossa, at the junction of the upper and middle third of the distance
between the lower border of the scapular spine and the inferior angle of
the scapula. (See Fig. 82) Indications: Pain in the scapular region, pain in
the lateroposterior aspect of the elbow and arm, asthma. 12. Bingfeng (S
112) Location: In the centre of the suprascapular fossa, directly above
Tianzong (S I 11). When the arm is lifted, the point is at the site of the
depression. (See Fig. 82 ) Indications: Pain in the scapular region,
numbness and aching of the upper extremities, motor impairment of the
shoulder and arm. 13. Quyuan (SI 13) Location: On the medial extremity
of the suprascapular fossa, about midway between Naoshu (S I 10) and
the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 82 )
Indications: Pain and stiffness of the scapular region. 14. Jianwaishu (S
114) Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of
the first thoracic vertebra where Taodao (Du 13) is located.(See Fig. 82 )
Indications: Aching of the shoulder ani back, pain and rigidity of the neck.
15. Jianzhongshu (S I 15) Location: 2 cun lateral to the lowei border of
the spinous process of the seventl cervical vertebra (Dazhui, Du 14). (See
Fig. 82 ) Indications: Cough, asthma, pain in thE shoulder and back,
hemoptysis. 16. Tianchuang (S I 16) Location: In the lateral aspect of the
neck, in the posterior border of m. sternocleidomastoideus,
posterosuperior to Futu (L I 18). (See Col. Fig. 8) Indications: Sore throat,
sudden loss of voice, deafness, tinnitus, stiffness and pain of the neck. 17.
Tianrong (S I 17) Location: Posterior to the angle of mandible, in the
depression on the anterior border of m. sternocleidomastoideus. (See Fig.
83) Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, sore throat, swelling of the cheek,
foreign body sensation in the throat, goiter. 18. Quanliao (S I 18)

Location: Directly below the outer canthus, in the depression on the lower
border of zygoma. (See Fig. 84) Indications: Facial paralysis, twitching of
eyelids, pain in the face, toothache, swelling of the cheek, yellowish
sclera. 19. Tinggong (S I 19) Location: Anterior to the tragus and
posterior to the condyloid process of the mandible, in the depression
formed when the mouth is open. (See Fig. 84) Indications: Deafness,
tinnitus, otorrhea, motor impairment of the mandibular joint, toothache.
Ill. THE BLADDER MERIDIAN OF FOOT-TAIYANG 1. Jingming (B 1)
Location: 0.1 cun superior to the inner canthus. (See Fig. 85) Indications:
Redness, swelling and pain of the eye, itching of the canthus, lacrimation,
night blindness, colour blindness, blurring of vision, myopia. 2. Zanzhu (B
2) Location: On the medial extremity of the eyebrow, or on the
supraorbital notch. (See Fig. 85) Indications: Headache, blurring and
failing of vision, pain in the supraorbital region, lacrimation, redness,
swelling and pain of the eye, twitching of eyelids, glaucoma. 3. Meichong
(B 3) Location: Directly above the medial end of the eyebrow, 0.5 cun
within the anterior hairline, between Shenting (Du 24) and Quchai (B 4).
(See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache, giddiness, epilepsy, nasal
obstruction. 4. Quchai (B 4) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Shenting (Du 24)
at the junction of the medial third and lateral two-thirds of the distance
from Shenting (Du 24) to Touwei (S 8). (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications:
Headache, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, blurring and failing of vision. 5.
Wuchu (B 5) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Shangxing (Du 23), or 0.5 cun
directly above Quchai (B 4). (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache,
blurring of vision, epilepsy, convulsion. 6. Chengguang ( B 6) Location:
1.5 cun posterior to Wuchu (B 5), 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian. (See
Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, nasal obstruction. 7.
Tongtian (B 7) Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Chengguang (B 6), 1.5 cun
lateral to the Du Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache,
giddiness, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, rhinorrhea. 8. Luoque (B 8)
Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Tongtian (B 7), 1.5 cun lateral to the Du
Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Dizziness, blurring of vision
tinmtus, mama. 9. Yuzhen (B 9) Location: 1.3 cun lateral to Naohu (Du
17), on the lateral side of the superior border of the external occipital
protuberance. (Sec Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache and neck pain,
dizziness, ophthalmalgia, nasal obstruction. 10. Tianzhu (B 10) Location:
1.3 cun lateral to Yamen (Du 15), in the depression on the lateral aspect
oi m. trapezius. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Headache, nasal obstruction,
sore throat, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back. 11. Dazhu
(Influential Point of Bone, B11) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Taodao (Du
13), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the first
thoracic vertebra. Indications: Headache, pain in the neck and back, pain
and soreness in the scapular region, cough, fever, neck rigidity. 12.
Fengmen (B 12) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level
of the lower border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra.
(See Fig. 86) Indications: Common cold, cough, fever and headache, neck
rigidity, backache. 13. Feishu (Back-Shu Point of the Lung, B 13) Location:
1.5 cun lateral to Shenzhu (Du 12), at the level of the lower border of the
spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications:
Cough, asfhma, chest pain, spitting of blood, afternoon fever, night
sweating. 14. Jueyinshu (Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium, B 14)
Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the lower
border of the spin?us process of the fourth thoracic vertebra. (See Col.
Fig. 9) Indications: Cough, cardiac pain, palpitation, stuffy chest,
vomiting. 15. Xinshu (Back-Shu Point of Heart, B 15) Location: 1.5 cun
lateral to Shendao (Du 11), at the level of the lower border of the spinous
process of the fifth thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Cardiac
pain, panic, loss of memory, palpitation, cough, spitting of blood,
nocturnal emission, night sweating, mania, epilepsy. 16. Dushu (B 16)
Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Lingtai (Du 10), at the level of the lower

border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig.
9) 17. Geshu (Influential Point of Blood, B17) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to
Zhiyang (Du 9), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of
the seventh thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Vomiting, hiccup,
belching, difficulty in swallowing, asthma, cough, spitting of blood,
afternoon fever, night sweating, measles. 18. Ganshu (Back-Shu Point of
the Liver, B 18) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Jinsuo (Du 8), at the level of
the lower border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra.
(See Fig. 86) Indications: Jaundice, pain in the hypochondriac region,
redness of the eye, blurring of vision, night blindness, mental disorders,
epilepsy, backache, spitting of blood, epistaxis. 19. Danshu (Back-Shu
Point of the Gallbladder, B 19) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Zhongshu (Du
7), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the tenth
thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Jaundice, bitter taste of the
mouth, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, pulmonary
tuberculosis, afternoon fever. 20. Pishu (Back-She Point of the Spleen, B
20) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Jizhong (Du 6), at the level of the lower
border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. (See Fig.
86) Indications: Epigastric pain, abdominal distension, jaundice, vomiting,
diarrhea, dysentery, bloody stools, profuse menstruation, edema,
anorexia, backache. 21. Weishu (Back-She Point of the Stomach, B 21)
Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the lower
border of the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. (See Fig.
86) Indications: Pain in the chest and hypochondriac and epigastric
anorexia, abdominal distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
22. Sanjiaoshu (Back-Shu Point of Sanjiao, B 22) Location: 1.5 cun lateral
to Xuanshu (Du 5), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process
of the first lumbar vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Borborygrnus,
abdominal distension, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, edema,
pain and stiffness of the lower back. 23. Shenshu (Back-She Point of the
Kidney, B 23) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Mingmen (Du 4), at the level of
the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra.
(See Fig. 86) Indications: Nocturnal emission, impotence, enuresis,
irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, low back pain, weakness of the knee,
blurring of vision, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, edema, asthma, diarrhea.
24. Qihaishu (B 24) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the
level of the lower border of the spinous process of the third lumbar
vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Low back pain, irregular
menstruation, dysmenorrhea, asthma. 25. Dachangshu (Back-She Point of
the Large Intestine, B 25) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Yaoyangguan (Du
3), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth
lumbar vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Low back pain, borborygmus,
abdominal distension, diarrhea, constipation, muscular atrophy, pain,
numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities, sciatica. 26.
Guanyuanshu (B 26) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the
level of the lower border of the spinous process of the fifth lumbar
vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Low back pain, abdominal
distension, diarrhea, enuresis, sciatica, frequent urination. 27.
Xiaochangshu (Back-She Point of the Small Intestine, B 27) Location: 1.5
cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the first posterior sacral
foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Lower abdominal pain and distension,
dysentery, nocturnal emission, hematuria, enuresis, morbid leukorrhea,
lower back pain, sciatica. 28. Pangguangshu (Back-She Point of the
Bladder, B 28) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of
the second posterior sacral foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Retention
of urine, enuresis, frequent urination, diarrhea, constipation, stiffness and
pain of the lower back. (See Fig. 86 ) 29. Zhonglushu (B 29) Location: 1.5
cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the third posterior sacral
foramen. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Dysentery, hernia, stiffness and
pain of the lower back. 30. Baihuanshu (B 30) Location: 1.5 cun lateral to

the Du Meridian, at the level of the fourth posterior sacral foramen. (See
Ccl. Fig. 9) Indications: Enuresis, pain due to hernia, morbid leukorrhea,
irregular menstruation, cold sensation and pain of the lower back, dysuria,
constipation, tenesmus, prolapse of the rectum. 31. Shangliao (B 31)
Location: In the first posterior sacral foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications:
Low back pain, dysuria, constipation, irregular menstruation, morbid
leukorrhea, prolapse of the uterus. 32. Ciliao (B 32) Location: In the
second posterior sacral foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Low back pain,
hernia, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea, nocturnal
emission, impotence, enuresis, dysuria, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness
and motor impairment of the lower extremities. 33. Zhongliao (B 33)
Location: In the third posterior sacral foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications:
Low back pain, constipation, diarrhea, dysuria, irregular menstruation,
morbid leukorrhea. 34. Xialiao (B 34) Location: In the fourth posterior
sacral foramen. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Low back pain, lower abdominal
pain, dysuria, constipation, morbid leukorrhea. 35. Huiyang (B 35)
Location: On either side of the tip of the coccyx, 0.5 cun lateral to the Du
Meridian. (See Ccl. Fig. 9) Indications: Dysentery, bloody stools, diarrhea,
hemorrhoids, impotence, morbid leukorrhea. 36. Chengfu (B 36) Location:
In the middle of the transverse gluteal fold. Locate the point in prone
position. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Pain in the lower back and gluteal
region, constipation, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor
impairment of the lower extremities. 37. Yinmen (B 37) Location: 6 cun
below Chengfu (B 36) on the line joining Chengfu (B 36) and Weizhong (B
40). (See Col. Fig. 10) Indications: Pain in the lower back and thigh,
muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower
extremities, hemiplegta. 38. Fuxi (B 38) Location: 1 cun above Weiyang
(B 39) on the medial side of the tendon of m. biceps femoris. The point is
located with the knee slightly flexed. (See Ccl. Fig. 10) Indications:
Numbness of the gluteal and femoral regions, contracture of the tendons
in the popliteal fossa. 39. Weiyang (Lower He-Sea Point of Sanjiao, B 39)
Location: Lateral to Weizhong (B 40), on the medial border of the tendon
of m. biceps femoris. (See Fig. 87) Indications: Stiffness and pain of the
lower back, distension and fullness of the lower abdomen, edema,
dysuria, cramp of the leg and foot. 40. Weizhong (He-Sea Point, B 40)
Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa, between
the tendons of m. biceps femoris and m. semitendinosus. (See Fig. 87)
Indicaticins: Low back pain, motor impairment of the hip joint, contracture
of the tendons in the popliteal fossa, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness
and motor impairment of the lower extremities, hemiplegia, abdominal
pain, vomiting, diarrhea, erysipelas. 41. Fufen (B 41) Location: 3 cun
lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the lower border of the spinous
process of the second thoracic vertebra, on the spinal border of the
scapula. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Stiffness and pain of the shoulder,
back and neck, numbness of the elbow and arm. 42. Pohu (B 42)
Location: 3 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the lower border
of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra, on the spinal border
of the scapula. (See Ccl. Fig. 9) Indications: Pulmonary tuberculosis,
hemoptysis, cough, asthma, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back.
43. Gaohuangshu (B 43) Location: 3 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the
level of the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic
vertebra, on the spinal border of the scapula. (See Fig. 86) Indications:
Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, asthma, spitting of blood, night sweating,
poor memory, nocturnal emission. applicable. 44. Shentang (B 44)
Location: 3 cun lateral to Shendao (Du 11), at the level of the lower
border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, on the spinal
border of the scapula. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Asthma, cardiac pain,
palpitation, stuffy chest, cough, stiffness and pain of the back. 45. Yixi (B
45) Location: 3 cun lateral to Lingtai (Du 10), at the level of the lower
border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, on the spinal

border of the scapula. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Cough, asthma, pain
of the shoulder and back. 46. Geguan (B 46) Location: 3 cun lateral to
Zhiyang (Du 9), at the level of the lowerborder of the spinous process of
the seventh thoracic vertebra, approximately at the level of the inferior
angle of the scapula. ( Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Dysphagia, hiccup,
vomiting, belching, pain and stiffness of the back. 47. Hunmen (B 47)
Location: 3 cun lateral to Jinsuo (Du 8), at the level of the lower border of
the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9)
Indications: Pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, back pain,
vomiting, diarrhea. 48. Yanggang (B 48) Location: 3 cun lateral to
Zhongshu (Du 7), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process
of the tenth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Borborygmus,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, pain in the hypochondriac region, jaundice. 49.
Vishe (B 49) Location: 3 cun lateral to Jizhong (Du 6), at the level of the
lower border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra.
(See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus,
vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty in swallowing. 50. Weicang (B 50) Location: 3
cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the lower border of the
spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9)
Indications: Abdominal distension, pain in the epigastric region and back,
infantile indigestion. 51. Huangmen (B 51) Location: 3 cun lateral to
Xuanshu (Du 5), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of
the first lumbar vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Abdominal pain,
constipation, abdominal mass. 52. Zhishi (B 52) Location: 3 cun lateral to
Mingmen (Du 4), at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of
the second lumbar vertebra. (See Fig. 86) Indications: Nocturnal
emission, impotence, enuresis, frequency of urination, dysuria, irregular
menstruation, pain in the back and knee, edema. 53. Baohuang (B 53)
Location: 3 cun lateral to the Du Meridian, at the level of the second sacral
posterior foramen. (See Ccl. Fig. 9) Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal
distension, pain in the lower back, anuria. 54. Zhibian (B 54) Location:
Lateral to the hiatus of the sacrum, 3 cun lateral to Yaoshu (Du 2). (See
Fig. 86) Indications: Pain in the lumbosacral region, muscular atrophy,
motor impairment of the lower extremities, dysuria, swelling around
external genitalia, hemorrhoids, constipation. 55. Heyang (B 55) Location:
2 cun directly below Weizhong (B 40), between the medial and lateral
heads of m. gastrocnemius, on the line joining Weizhong (B 40) and
Chengshan (B 57). (See Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Low back pain, pain and
paralysis of the lower extremities. 56. Chengjin (B 56) Location: Midway
between Heyang (B 55) and Chengshan (B 57), in the centre of the belly
of m. gastrocnemius. (Col. Fig. 9) Indications: Spasm of the
gastrocnemius, hemorrhoids, acute lower back pain. 57. Chengshan (B
57) Location: Directly below the belly of m. gastrocnemius, on the line
joining Weizhong (B 40) and tendo calcaneus, about 8 cun below
Weizhong (B 40). (See Fig. 87) Indications: Low back pain, spasm of the
gastrocnemius, hemorrhoids, constipation, beriberi. 58. Feiyang (LeoConnecting Point, B 58) Location: 7 cun directly above Kunlun (B 60), on
the posterior border of fibula, about 1 cun inferior and lateral to
Chengshan (B 57). (See Fig. 87) Indication: Headache, blurring of vision,
nasal obstruction, epistaxis, back pain, hemorrhoids, weakness of the leg.
59. Fuyang (Xi-Cleft Point of the Yangqiao Meridian, B 59) Location: 3 cun
directly above Kunlun (B 60). (See Fig. 88) Indications: Heavy sensation
of the head, headache, low back pain, redness and swelling of the
external malleolus, paralysis of the lower extremities. 60. Kunhm (JingRiver Point, B 60) Location: In the depression between the external
malleolus and tendo calcaneus. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Headache,
blurring of vision, neck rigidity, epistaxis, pain in the shoulder, back and
arm, swelling and pain of the heel, difficult labour, epilepsy. 61. Pucan (B
61) Location: Posterior and inferior to the external malleolus, directly
below Kunlun (B 60), in the depression of calcaneum at the junction of the

red and white skin. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Muscular atrophy and
weakness of the lower extremities, pain in the heel. 62. Shenmai
(Confluent Point, B 62) Location: In the depression directly below the
external malleolus. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Epilepsy, mania, headache,
dizziness, insomnia, backache, aching of the leg. 63. Jinmen (Xi-Cleft
Point, B 63) Location: Anterior and inferior to Shenmai (B 62), in the
depression lateral to the cuboid bone. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Mania,
epilepsy, infantile convulsion, backache, pain in the external malleolus,
motor impairment and pain of the lower extremities. 64. Jinggu (YuanPrimary Point, B 64) Location: Below the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal
bone, at the junction of the red and white skin. (See Fig. 88) Indications:
Headache, neck rigidity, pain in the lower back and thigh, epilepsy. 65.
Shugu (She-Stream Point, B 65) Location: Posterior to the head of the
fifth metatarsal bone, at the junction of the red and white skin. (See Fig.
88) Indications: Mania, headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision,
backache, pain in the lower extremities. 66. Zutonggu (Ying-Spring Point,
B
66)
Location:
In
the
depression
anterior
to
the
fifth
metatarsophalangeal joint. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Headache, neck
rigidity, blurring of vision, epistaxis, mania. 67. Zhiyin (Jing-Weli Point, B
67) Location: On the lateral side of the small toe, about 0.1 cun posterior
to the corner of the nail. (See Fig. 88) Indications: Headache, nasal
obstruction, epistaxis, ophthalmalgia, malposition of fetus, difficult labour,
detention of afterbirth, feverish sensation in the sole. IV. THE KIDNEY
MERIDIAN OF FOOT-SHAOYIN 1. Yongquan (Jing-Well Point, K 1) Location:
On the sole, in the depression when the foot is in plantar flexion,
approximately at the junction of the anterior third and posterior two thirds
of the sole. (See Fig. 89) Indications: Headache, blurring of vision,
dizziness, sore throat, dryness of the tongue, loss of voice, dysuria,
infantile convulsions, feverish sensation in the sole, loss of consciousness.
2. Range (Ying-Spring Point, K 2) Location: Anterior and inferior to the
medial malleolus, in the depression on the lower border of the tuberosity
of the navicular bone. (See Fig. 90) Indications: Pruritus vulvae, prolapse
of uterus, irregular menstruation, nocturnal emission, hemoptysis, thirst,
diarrhea, swelling and pain of the dorsum of foot, acute infantile
omphalitis. 3. Taixi (She-Stream and Yuan-Primary Point, K 3) Location: In
the depression between the medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus, at the
level with the tip of the medial malleolus. (See Fig. 90) Indications: Sore
throat, toothache, deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, spitting of blood, asthma,
thirst, irregular menstruation, insomnia, nocturnal emission, impotence,
frequency of micturition, pain in the lower back. 4. Dazhong (LeoConnecting Point, K4) Location: Posterior and inferior to the medial
malleolus, in the depression medial to the attachment of tendo calcaneus.
(See Fig. 90) Indications: Spitting of blood, asthma, stiffness and pain of
the lower back, dysuria, constipation, pain in the heel, dementia. 5.
Shuiquan (Xi-Cleft Point, K 5) Location: I cun directly below Taixi (K 3) in
the depression anterior and superior to the medial side of the tuberosity of
the calcaneum. (See Fig. 90) Indications: Amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, prolapse of uterus, dysuria, blurring of vision. 6.
Zhaohai (the Eight Confluent Point, K6) Location: In the depression of the
lower border of the medial malleolus, or 1 cun below the medial malleolus.
(See Fig. 90) Indications: Irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea,
prolapse of uterus, pruritus vulvae, frequency of micturition, retention of
urine, constipation, epilepsy, insomnia, sore throat, asthma. 7. Fuliu (JingRiver Point, K 7) Location: 2 cun directly above Taixi (K 3), on the anterior
border of tendo calcaneus. (See Fig. 91) Indications: Edema, abdominal
distension, diarrhea, borborygmus, muscular atrophy of the leg, night
sweating, spontaneous sweating, febrile diseases without sweating. 8.
Jiaoxin (Xi-Cleft Point of the Yinqiao Meridian, K 8) Location: 0.5 cun
anterior to Fuliu (K 7), 2 cun above Taixi (K 3) posterior to the medial
border of tibia. (See Fig. 91) Indications: Irregular menstruation,

dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, prolapse of uterus, diarrhea,

constipation, pain and swelling of testis. 9. Zhubin (Xi-Cleft Point of the
Yinwei Meridian, K 9) Location: 5 cun directly above Taixi (K 3) at the
lower end of the belly of m. gastrocnemius, on the line drawn from Taixi
(K 3) to Yingu (K 10). (See Fig. 91) Indications: Mental disorders, pain in
the foot and lower leg, hernia. 10. Yingu (He-Sea Point, K 10) Location:
When the knee is flexed, the point is on the medial side of the popliteal
fossa, between the tendons of m. semitendinosus and semimembranosus,
at the level with Weizhong (B 40). (See Fig. 91) Indications: Impotence,
hernia, uterine bleeding, dysuria, pain in the knee and popliteal fossa,
mental disorders. 11. Henggu (K 11) Location: 5 cun below the umbilicus,
on the superior border of symphysis pubis, 0.5 cun lateral to Qugu (Ren
2). (Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Fullness and pain of the lower abdomen,
dysuria, enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, pain of genitalia. 12.
Dahe (K 12) Location: 4 cun below the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to
Zhongji (Ren 3). (See Fig. 92) Indications: Nocturnal emission,
impotence, morbid leukorrhea, pain in the external genitalia, prolapse of
uterus. 13. Qixue (K 13) Location: 3 cun below the umbilicus, 0.5 cun
lateral to Guanyuan (Ren 4). (See Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Irregular
menstruation, dysmenorrhea, dysunia, abdominal pain, diarrhea. 14.
Siman (K 14) Location: 2 cun below the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to
Shimen (Ren 5). (Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension,
diarrhea, nocturnal emission, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea,
postpartum abdominal pain. 15. Zhongzhu (K 15) Location: 1 cun below
the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to Yinjiao (Ren 7). (Col. Fig. 12) Indications:
Irregular menstruation, abdominal pain, constipation. 16. Huangshu (K
16) Location: 0.5 cun lateral to the umbilicus, level with Shenque (Ren 8).
(See Fig. 92) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, vomiting,
constipation, diarrhea. 17. Shangqu (K 17) Location: 2 cun above the
umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to Xiawan (Ren 10). (See Col. Fig. 12)
Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, Constipation. 18. Shiguan (K 18)
Location: 3 cun above the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to Jianli (Ren 11).
(Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation,
postpartum abdominal pain, sterility. 19. Yindu (K 19) Location: 4 cun
above the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral, to Zhongwan (Ren 12). (See Col. Fig.
12) Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal pain, epigastric pain,
constipation, vomiting. 20. Futonggu (K 20) Location: 5 cun above the
umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to Shangwan (Ren 13). (See Col. Fig. 12)
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, indigestion. 21.
Voumen (K 21) Location: 6 cun above the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to
Juque (Ren 14). (Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Abdominal pain and distension,
indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, morning sickness. . 22. Bulang (K
22) Location: In the fifth intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the Ren
Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Cough, asthma, distension and
fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region, vomiting, anorexia. 23.
Shenfeng (K 23) Location: In the fourth intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to
the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Cough, asthma, fullness
in the chest and hypochondriac region, mastitis. 24. Lingxu (K 24)
Location: In the third intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian.
(See Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Cough, asthma, fullness in the chest and
hypochondriac region, mastitis. 25. Shencang (K 25) Location: In the
second intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col. Fig.
12) Indications: Cough, asthma, chest pain. 26. Yuzhong (K 26) Location:
In the first intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the Ren Meridian. (See Col.
Fig. 12) Indications: Cough, asthma, accumulation of phlegm, fullness in
the chest and hypochondriac region. 27. Shufu (K 27) Location: In the
depression on the lower border of the clavicle, 2 cun lateral to the Ren
Meridian. (See Col. Fig. 12) Indications: Cough, asthma, chest pain.

Chapter 9
ACUPOINTS OF JUE YIN AND SHAOYANG MERIDIANS The Pericardium
Meridian of Hand Jueyin and the Sanjiao (Triple Energizer) Meridian of
Hand Shaoyang are externally-internally related, the former runs from
chest to hand and the latter goes from hand to head. The Gallbladder
Meridian of Foot Shaoyang runs from head to foot, while the Liver
Meridian of Foot Jueyin goes from foot to abdomen (chest). These two
meridians are also externally-internally related. I. THE PERICARDIUM
MERIDIAN OF HAND JUEY1N 1. Tianchi (P 1) Location: In the fourth
intercostal space, 1 cun lateral to the nipple (See Col. Fig. 13) Indications:
Suffocating sensation in the chest, pain in the hypochondriac region,
swelling and pain of the axillary region. 2. Tianqnan (P 2) Location: 2 cun
below the level of the anterior axillary fold, between the two heads of m.
biceps brachii. (See Col. Fig. 13) Indications: Cardiac pain, distension of
the hypochondriac region, cough, pain in , the chest, back and the medial
aspect of the arm. 3. Quze (He-Sea Point, P 3) Location: On the
transverse cubital crease, at the ulnar side of the tendon of m. biceps
brachii. (See Fig. 93) Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, febrile
diseases, irritability, stomachache, vomiting, pain in the elbow and arm,
tremor of the hand and arm. 4. Ximen (Xi-Cleft Point, P 4) Location: 5 cun
above the transverse crease of the wrist, on the line connecting Quze (P
3) and Daling (P 7), between the tendons of m. palmaris longus and m.
flexor carpi radialis. (See Fig. 93) Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation,
epistaxis, hematemesis, haemoptysis chest pain, furuncle, epilepsy. 5.
Jianshi (Jing-River Point, P 5) Location: 3 cun above the transverse crease
of the wrist, between the tendons of m. palmaris longus and m. flexor
carpi radialis. (See Fig. 93) Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation,
stomachache, vomiting, febrile diseases, irritability, malaria, mental
disorders, epilepsy, swelling of the axilla, contracture of the elbow and
arm. 6. Neiguan (Luo-Connecting Point, the Eight Confluent Point, P 6)
Location: 2 cun above the transverse crease of the wrist, between the
tendons of m. palmaris longus and m. flexor radialis. (See Fig. 93)
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, stuffy chest, pain in the
hypochondriac region, stomachache, nausea, vomiting, hiccup, mental
disorders, epilepsy, insomnia, febrile diseases; irritability, malaria,
contracture and pain of the elbow and arm. 7. Daling (Shu-Stream and
Yuan- Primary Point, P 7) Location: In the middle of the transverse crease
of the wrist, between the tendons of m. palmaris longus and m. flexor
carpi radialis. (See Fig. 93) Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation,
stomachache, vomiting, mental disorders, epilepsy, stuffy chest, pain in
the hypochondriac region, convulsion, insomnia, irritability, foul breath. 8.
Laogong (Ying-Spring Point, P 8) Location: On the transverse crease of
the palm, between the second and third metacarpal bones. When the fist
is clenched, the point is just below the tip of the middle finger. (See Fig.
94) Indications: Cardiac pain, mental disorder, epilepsy, gastritis, foul
breath, fungus infection of the hand and foot, vomiting, nausea. 9.
Zhongchong (Jing-WeIl Point, P 9) Location: In the centre of the tip of the
middle finger. (See Fig. 94) Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, loss of
consciousness, aphasia with stiffness and swelling of the tongue, febrile
diseases, heat stroke, convulsion, feverish sensation in the palm. II.
SANJIAO MERIDIAN OF HAND-SHAOYANG 1. Guanchong (Jing-WelI Point,
S J 1) Guanchong (S J 1) Location: On the lateral side of the ring finger,
about 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the nail. (See Fig. 95) Indications:
Headache, redness of. the eyes, sore throat, stiffness of the tongue,
febrile diseases, irritability. 2. Yemen (Ying-Spring Point, S J 2) Location:
When the fist is clenched, the point is located in the depression proximal
to the margin of the web between the ring and small fingers. (See Fig. 95)
Indications: Headache, redness of the eyes, sudden deafness, sore throat,

malaria, pain in the arm. 3. Zhongzhu (Shu-Stream Point, S J 3) Location:

When the fist is clenched, the point is on the dorsum of the hand between
the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, in the depression proximal to the
metacarpophalangeal joint. (See Fig. 95) Indications: Headache, redness
of the eyes, deafness, tinnitus, sore throat, febrile diseases, pain in the
elbow and arm, motor impairment of fingers. 4. Yangchi (Yuan-Primary
Point, S J 4) Location: On the transverse crease of the dorsum of wrist, in
the depression lateral to the tendon of m. extensor digitorum communis.
(See Fig. 95) Indications: Pain in the arm, shoulder and wrist, malaria,
deafness, thirst. 5. Waiguan (Luo-Connecting Point, the Eight Confluent
Point, S J 5) Location: 2 cun above Yangchi (5 J 4), between the radius
and ulna. (See Fig. 96) Indications: Febrile diseases, headache, pain in
the cheek, strained neck, deafness, tinnitus, pain in the hypochondriac
region, motor impairment of the elbow and arm, pain of the fingers, hand
tremor. 6. Zhigou (Jing-River Point, S J 6) Location: 3 cun above Yangchi
(S J 4), between the radius and ulna, on the radial side of m. extensor
digitorum. (See Fig. 96) Indications: Tinnitus, deafness, pain in the
hypochondriac region, vomiting, constipation, febrile diseases, aching and
heavy sensation of the shoulder and back, sudden hoarseness of voice. 7.
Huizong (Xi-Cleft Point, S J 7) Location: At the level with Zhigou (S J6),
about one finger-breadth lateral to Zhigou (S J 6), on the radial side of the
ulna. (See Fig. 96 ) Indications: Deafness, pain in the ear, epilepsy, pain
of the arm. 8. Sanyangluo (S J 8) Location: 4 cun above Yangchi (S J 4),
between the radius and ulna. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications: Deafness,
sudden hoarseness of voice, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region,
pain in the hand and arm, toothache. 9. Sidu (S J 9) Location: On the
lateral side of the forearm, 5 cun below the olecranon, between the radius
and ulna. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications: Deafness, toothache, migraine,
sudden hoarseness of voice, pain in the forearm. 10. Tianjing (He-Sea
Point, S J 10) Location: When the elbow is flexed, the point is in the
depression about 1 cun superior to the olecranon. (See Fig. 97)
Indications: Migraine, pain in the neck, shoulder and arm, epilepsy,
scrofula, goiter. 11. Qiuglengyuan (S J 11) Location: 1 cun above Tianjing
(S J 10) when the elbow is flexed. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications: Motor
impairment and pain of the shoulder and arm, migraine. 12. Xiaoluo (S J
12) Location: On the line joining the olecranon and Jianliao (S J 14),
midway between Qinglengyuan (S J 11) and Naohui (S J 13). (See Col.
Fig. 14) Indications: tleadache, neck rigidity, motor impairment and pain
of the arm. 13. Naohui (S J 13) Location: On the line joining Jianliao (S J
14) and the olecranon, on the posterior border of m. deltoideus. (See Col.
Fig. 14) Indications: Goiter, pain in the shoulder and arm. 14. Jianliao (S J
14) Location: Posterior and inferior to the aeromion, in the depression
about 1 cun posterior to Jianyu (L 115) when the arm is abducted. (See
Fig. 97) Indications: Pain and motor impairment of the shoulder and upper
arm. 15. Tianliao (S J 15) Location: Midway between Jianjing (G 21) and
Quyuan (S 113), on the superior angle of the scapula. (See Col. Fig. 14)
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and elbow, stiffness of the neck. 16.
Tianyou (S J 16) Location: Posterior and inferior to the mastoid process,
on the posterior border of m. sternocleidomastoideus, almost level with
Tianrong (S I 17) and Tianzhu (B 10). (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications:
Headache, neck rigidity, facial swelling, blurring of vision, sudden
deafness. 17. Yifeng (S J 17) Location: Posterior to the lobule of the ear,
in the depression between the mandible and mastoid process. (See Fig.
98) Indications: Tinnitus, deafness, otorrhea. facial paralysis, toothache,
swelling of the cheek, scrofula, trismus. 18. Qimai (S J 18) Location: In
the centre of the mastoid process, at the junction of the middle and lower
third of the curve formed by Yifeng (S J 17) and Jiaosun (S J 20) posterior
to the helix. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications: Headache, tinnitus, deafness,
infantile convulsion. 19. Luxi (S J 19) Location: Posterior to the ear, at the
junction of the upper and middle third of the curve formed by Yifeng (S 1

17) and Jiaosun (S J 20) behind the helix. (See Ccl. Fig. 14) Indications:
Headache, tinnitus, deafness, pain in the ear, infantile convulsion. 20.
Jiaosun (S J 20) Location: Directly above the ear apex, within the hair
line. (See Fig. 98) Indications: Tinnitus, redness, pain and swelling of the
eye, swelling of the gum, toothache, parotitis. 21. Ermen (S J 21)
Location: In the depression anterior to the supratragic notch and slightly
superior to the condyloid process of the mandible. The point is located
with the mouth open. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications: Tinnitus, deafness,
otorrhea, toothache, stiffness of the lip. 22. Erheliao (S J 22) Location:
Anterior and superior to Ermen (S 1 21), at the level with the root of the
auricle, on the posterior border of the hairline of the temple where the
superficial temporal artery passes. (See Col. Fig. 14) Indications:
Migraine, tinnitus, lockjaw. 23. Sizhukong (S J 23) Location: In the
depression at the lateral end of the eyebrow. (See Fig. 98 ) Indications:
Headache, redness and pain of the eye, blurring of vision, twitching of the
eyelid, toothache, facial paralysis. III. THE GALLBLADDER MERIDIAN OF
FOOTSHAO YANG 1. Tongziliao (G 1) Location: 0.5 cun lateral to the outer
canthus, in the depression on the lateral side of the orbit. (See Fig. 99)
Indications: Headache, redness and pain of the eyes, failing of vision,
lacrimation, deviation of the eye and mouth. 2. Tinghui (G 2) Location:
Anterior to the intertragic notch, at the posterior border of the condybid
process of the mandible. The point is located with the mouth open. (See
Fig. 99) Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, toothache, motor impairment of
the ternporomandibular joint, mumps, deviation of the eye and mouth. 3.
Shangguan (G 3) Location: In the front of the ear, on the upper border of
the zygomatic arch, in the depression directly above Xiaguan (S 7). (See
Cob. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, deafness, tinnitus, diplacusis,
deviation of the eye and mouth, toothache. 4. Hanyan (G 4) Location:
Within the hairline of the temporal region, at the junction of the upper 1/4
and lower 3/4 of the distance between Touwei (S 8) and Qubin (0 7). (See
Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Migraine, vertigo, tinnitus, pain, in the outer
canthus, toothache, convulsion, epilepsy. 5. Xuanlu (G 5) Location: Within
the hairline of the temporal region, midway of the border line connecting
Touwei (S 8) and Qubin (G 7). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Migraine,
pain in the outer canthus, facial swelling. 6. Xuanli (G 6) Location: Within
the hairline, at the junction of the lower 1/4 and upper 3/4 of the distance
between Touwei (S 8) and Qubin (0 7). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications:
Migraine, pain in the outer canthus, tinnitus, frequent sneezing. 7. Qubin
(G 7) Location: Directly above the posterior border of the pre-auricular
hairline, about one finger-breadth anterior to Jiaosun (S J 20). (See Col.
Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, swelling of the cheek, trismus, pain in the
temporal region, infantile convulsion. 8. Shuaigu (G 8) Location: Superior
to the apex of the auricle, 1.5 cun within the hairline. (See Fig. 99)
Indications: Migraine, vertigo, vomiting, infantile convulsion. 9. Tianchong
(G 9) Location: Directly above the posterior border of the auricle, 2 cun
within the hairline, about 0.5 cun posterior to Shuaigu (G 8). (See Col.
Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, epilepsy, swelling and pain of the gums,
convulsion.. 10. Fubai (G 10) Location: Posterior and superior to the
mastoid process, midway of the curve line drawn from Tianchong (G 9) to
Touqiaoyin (G 11). (See Col. Fig. 15) 11. Touqiaoyin (G 11) Location:
Posterior and superior to the mastoid process, on the line connecting
Fubai (G 10) and Wangu (G 12). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Pain of the
head and neck, tinnitus, deafness, pain in the ears. 12. Wangu (G 12)
Location: In the depression posterior and inferior to the mastoid process.
(See Cob. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, insomnia, swelling of the cheek,
retroauricubar pain, deviation of the eye and mouth, toothache. 13.
Benshen (G 13) Location: 0.5 cun within the hairline of the forehead, 3
cun lateral to Shenting (Du 24). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache,
insomnia, vertigo, epilepsy. 14. Yangbai (G 14) Location: On the forehead,
1 cun directly above the midpoint of the eyebrow. (See Fig. 100)

Indications: Headache in the frontal region, pain of the orbital ridge, eye
pain, vertigo, twitching of the eyelids, ptosis of the eyelids, bacrimation.
15. Toulinqi (G 15) Location: Directly above Yangbai (G 14), 0.5 cun
within the hairline, midway between Shenting (Du 24) and Touwei (S 8).
(See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, vertigo, lacrimation, pain in the
outer canthus, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction. 16. Muchuang (G 16)
Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Toulinqi (0 15), on the line connecting
Toulinqi (0 15) and Fengchi (0 20). (See Cob. Fig. 15) Indications:
Headache, vertigo, red and painful eyes, nasal obstruction. 17. Zhengying
(G 17) Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Muchuang (G 16), on the line joining
Toulinqi (G 15) and Fengchi (G 20). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications:
Migraine, vertigo. 18. Chengling (G 18) Location: 1.5 cun posterior to
Zhengying (G 17), on the line connecting Toubinqi (G 15) and Fengchi (G
20). (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, vertigo, epistaxis,
rhinorrhea. 19. Naokong (G 19) Location: Directly above Fengchi (G 20),
at the level with Naohu (Du 17), on the lateral side of the external
occipital protuberance. (See Col. Fig. 15) Indications: Headache, stiffness
of the neck, vertigo, painful eyes, tinnitus, epilepsy. 20. Fengchi (G 20)
Location: In the depression between the upper portion of m.
sternocbeidomastoideus and m. trapezius, on the same level with Fengfu
(Du 16). (See Fig. 101) Indications: Headache, vertigo, insomnia, pain
and stiffness of the neck, blurred vision, glaucoma, red and painful eyes,
tinnitus, convulsion, epilepsy, infantile convulsion, febrile diseases,
common cold, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea. 21. Jianjing (G 21) Location:
Midway between Dazhui (Du 14) and the acromion, at the highest point of
the shoulder. (See Fig. 102) Indications: Pain and rigidity of the neck, pain
in the shoulder and back, motor impairment of the arm, insufficient
lactation, mastitis, scrofula, apoplexy, difficult labour. 22. Yuanye (G 22)
Location: On the mid-axiblary line when the arm is raised, 3 cun below
the axiblla. (See Cob. Fig. 15) Indications: Fullness of the chest, swelling
of the axibbary region, pain in the hypochondriac region, pain and motor
impairment of the arm. 24. Riyue (Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder, G
24) Location: One rib below Qimen (Liv 14), directly below the nipple, in
the seventh intercostal space. (See Fig. 103) Indications: Pain in the
hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, hiccup, jaundice,
mastitis. 25. Jingmen (Front-Mu Point of the Kidney, G 25) Location: On
the lateral side of the abdomen, on the lower border of the free end of the
twelfth rib. (See Fig. 104) Indications: Abdominal distention,
borborygmus, diarrhea, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region. 26.
Daimai (G 26) Location: Directly below the free end of the eleventh rib
where Zhangmen (Liv 13) is located, at the level with the umbilicus. (See
Fig. 104) Indications: Irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, leukorrhea,
abdominal pain, hernia, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region. 27.
Wushu (G 27) Location: In the lateral side of the abdomen, anterior to the
superior iliac spine, 3 cun below the level of the umbilicus. (See Col. Fig.
15) Indications: Leukorrhea, lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, hernia,
constipation. 28. Weidao (G 28) Location: Anterior and inferior to the
anterior superior iliac spine, 0.5 cun anterior and inferior to Wushu (0 27).
(Col.Fig.15) Indications: Leukorrhea, lower abdominal pain, hernia,
prolapse of uterus. 29. Juliao (G 29) Location: In the depression of the
midpoint between the anterosuperior iliac spine and the great trochanter.
(Col.Fig. 15) Indications: Pain and numbness in the thigh and lumbar
region, paralysis, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs. 30. Huantiao (G
30) Location: At the junction of the lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3 of the
distance between the great trochanter and the hiatus of the sacrum
(Yaoshu, Du 2). When locating the point, put the patient in lateral
recumbent position with the thigh flexed. (Fig. 105) Indications: Pain of
the lumbar region and thigh, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs,
hemiplegia. 31. Fengshi (G 31) Location: On the midline of the lateral
aspect of the thigh, 7 cun above the transverse popliteal crease. When the

patient is standing erect with the hands close to the sides, the point is
where the tip of the middle finger touches (See Fig. 106) Indications: Pain
and soreness in the thigh and lumbar region, paralysis of the lower limbs,
beriberi, general pruritus. 32. Zhongdu (G 32) Location: On the lateral
aspect of the thigh, 5 cun above the transverse popliteal crease, between
m. vastus lateralis and m. biceps femoris. (See Fig. 106) Indications: Pain
and soreness of the thigh and knee, numbness and weakness of the lower
limbs, hemiplegia. 33. Xiyangguan (G. B. 33) Location: 3 cun above
Yanglingquan (G 34), lateral to the knee joint, between the tendon of m.
biceps femoris and the femur. (See Fig. 106) Indications: Swelling and
pain of the knee, contracture of the tendons in popliteal fossa, numbness
of the leg. 34. Yanglingquan (He-Sea Point, Influential Point of Tendon, G
34) Location: In the depression anterior and inferior to the head of the
fibula. (Fig. 107) Indications: Hemiplegia, weakness, numbness and pain
of the lower extremities, swelling and pain of the knee, beriberi,
hypochondriac pain, bitter taste in the mouth, vomiting, jaundice, infantile
convulsion. 35. Yangjiao (Xi-Cleft Point of the Yangwei Meridian, G 35)
Location: 7 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, on the posterior
border of the fibula. (See Fig. 107) Indications: Fullness of the chest and
hypochondriac region, muscular atrophy and paralysis of the leg. 36.
Waiqiu (Xi-Cleft Point, G 36) Location: 7 cun above the tip of the external
malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula. (See Fig. 107) Indications:
Pain in the neck, chest, thigh and hypochondriac region, rabies. 37.
Guangming (Luo-Connecting Point, G 37) Location: 5 cun directly above
the tip of the external malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula. (See
Fig. 107) Indications: Pain in the knee, muscular atrophy, motor
impairment and pain of the lower extremities, blurring of vision,
ophthalmalgia, night blindness, distending pain of the breast. 38. Yangfu
(Jing-River Point, G 38) Location: 4 cun above and slightly anterior to the
tip of the external malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula, between
m. extensor digitorum longus and m. peronaeos brevis. (See Fig. 107)
Indications: Migraine, pain of the outer canthus, pain in the axillary
region, scrofula, lumbar pain, pain in the chest, hypochondriac region and
lateral aspect of the lower extremities, malaria. 39. Xuanzhong (Influential
Point of the Marrow, G 39) Location: 3 cun above the tip of the external
malleolus, in the depression between the posterior border of the fibula
and the tendons of m. peronaeus longus and brevis. (See Fig. 107)
Indications: Apoplexy, hemiplegia, pain of the neck, abdominal distension,
pain in the hypochondriac region, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs,
spastic pain of the leg, beriberi. 40. Qiuxu (Yuan-Primary Point, G 40)
Location: Anterior and inferior to the external malleolus, in the depression
on the lateral side of the tendon of m. extensor digitorum Iongus. (See
Fig. 108) Indications: Pain in the neck, swelling in the axillary region, pain
in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, muscular
atrophy of the lower limbs, pain and swelling of the external malleolus,
malaria. 41. Zulinqi (Shu-Stream Point, the Eight Confluent Point, G 41)
Location: In the depression distal to the junction of the fourth and fifth
metatarsal bones, on the lateral side of the tendon of m. extensor digiti
minimi of the foot. (See Fig. 108) Indications: Headache, vertigo, pain of
the outer canthus, scrofula, pain in the hypochondriac region, distending
pain of the breast, irregular menstruation, pain and swelling of the
dorsum of foot, spastic pain of the foot and toe. 42. Diwuhui (G 42)
Location: Between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, on the medial
side of the tendon of m. extensor digiti minimi of foot. (See Fig. 108)
Indications: Pain of the canthus, tinnitus, distending pain of the breast,
swelling and pain of the dorsum of foot. 43. Xiaxi (Ying-Spring Point, G
43) Location: On the dorsum of foot, between the fourth and fifth toe,
proximal to the margin of the web. (See Fig. 108) Indications: Headache,
dizziness and vertigo, pain of the outer canthus, tinnitus, deafness,
swelling of the cheek, pain in the hypochondriac region, distending pain of

the breast, febrile diseases. 44. Zuqiaoyin (Jing-Weli Point, G44) Location:
On the lateral side of the fourth toe, about 0.1 cun posterior to the corner
of the nail. (See Fig. 108) Indications: Migraine, deafness, tinnitus,
ophthalmalgia, dream-disturbed sleep, febrile diseases. IV. THE LIVER
MERIDIAN OF FOOT-JUEYIN 1. Dadun (Jing-Well Point, Liv 1) Location: On
the lateral side of the dorsum of the terminal phalanx of the great toe,
between the lateral corner of the nail and the interphalangeal joint. (See
Fig. 109) Indications: Hernia, enuresis, uterine bleeding, prolapse of the
uterus, epilepsy. 2. Xingjian (Ying-Spring Point, Liv 2) Location: On the
dorsum of the foot between the first and second toe, proximal to the
margin of the web (See Fig. 109) Indications: Pain in the hypochondrium,
abdominal distension, headache, dizziness and vertigo, congestion,
swelling and pain of the eye, deviation of the mouth, hernia, painful
urination, retention of urine, irregular menstruation, epilepsy, insomnia,
convulsion. 3. Taichong (Shu-Stream and Yuan- Primary Point, Liv 3)
Location: On the dorsum of the foot, in the depression distal to the
junction of the first and second metatarsal bones. (See Fig. 109)
Indications: Headache, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia, congestion,
swelling and pain of the eye, depression, infantile convulsion, deviation of
the mouth, pain in the hypochondriac region, uterine bleeding, hernia,
enuresis, retention of urine, epilepsy, pain in the anterior aspect of the
medial malleolus. 4. Zhongfeng (Jing-River Point, Liv 4) Location: 1 cun
anterior to the medial malleolus, midway between Shangqiu (Sp 5) and
Jiexi (S 41), in the depression on the medial side of the tendon of m.
tibialis anterior. (See Fig. 109) Indications: Hernia, pain in the external
genitalia, nocturnal emission, retention of urine, distending pain in the
hypochondrium. 5. Ligou (Luo-Connecting Point, Liv 5) Location: 5 cun
above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the medial aspect and near the
medial border of the tibia. (See Fig. 110) Indications: Retention of urine,
enuresis, hernia, irregular menstruation, ieukorrhea, pruritus valvae,
weakness and atrophy of the leg. 6. Zhongdu (Xi-Cleft Point, Liv 6)
Location: 7 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the medial
aspect and near the medial border of the tibia. (See Fig. 110) Indications:
Abdominal pain, hypochondriac pain, diarrhea, hernia, uterine bleeding,
prolonged lochia. 7. Xiguan (Liv 7) Location: Posterior and inferior to the
medial condyle of the tibia, in the upper portion of the medial head of m.
gastrocnemius, 1 cun posterior to Yinlingquan (Sp 9). (See Fig. 110)
Indication: Pain of the knee. 8. Ququan (He-Sea Point, Liv 8) Location:
When knee is flexed, the point is in the depression above the medial end
of the transverse popliteal crease, posterior to the medial epicondyle of
the femur, on the anterior part of the insertion of m. semimembranosus
and m. semitendinosus. (See Fig. 111) Indications: Prolapse of uterus,
lower abdominal pain, retention of urine, nocturnal emission, pain in the
external genitalia, pruritus vulvae, pain in the medial aspect of the knee
and thigh. 9. Yinbao (Liv 9) Location: 4 cun above the medial epicondyle
of the femur, betweem m. ,vastus medialis and m. sartorius. (See Col. Fig.
17) Indications: Pain in the lumbosacral region, lower abdominal pain,
enuresis, retention of urine, irregular menstruation. 10. Zuwuli (Liv 10)
Location: 3 cun directly below Qichong (S 30), on the lateral border of m.
abductor longus. (See Col. Fig. 17) Indications: Lower abdominal
distention and fullness, retention of urine. 11. Yinlian (Liv 11) Location: 2
cun directly below Qichong (S 30), on the lateral border of m. abductor
longus. (See Col. Fig. 17) Indications: Irregular menstruation, leukorrhea,
lower abdominal pain, pain in the thigh and leg. 12. Jimai (Liv 12)
Location: Inferior and lateral to the pubic spine, 2.5 cun lateral to the Ren
Meridian, at the inguinal groove lateral and inferior to Qichong (S 30).
(See Col. Fig. 18) Indications: Lower abdominal pain, hernia, pain in the
external genitalia. 13. Zhangmen (Front-Mu Point of the Spleen,
Influential Point of Zang Organs, Liv 13) Location: On the lateral side of
the abdomen, below the free end of the eleventh floating rib (See Fig.

112) Indications: Abdominal distention, borborygmus, pain in the

hypochondriac region, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion. 14. Qimen (FrontMu Point of the Liver, Liv 14) Location: Directly below the nipple, in the
sixth intercostal space (See Fig. 112) Indications: Hypochondriac pain,
abdominal distention, hiccup, acid regurgitation, mastitis, depression,
febrile diseases.

Chapter 10
ACUPOINTS OF THE DU AND THE REN MERIDIANS AND THE
EXTRAORDINARY POINTS The Du (Governor Vessel) Meridian goes along
the back midline, while the Ren (Conception Vessel) Meridian goes along
the front midline. These two meridians and the twelve regular meridians
are called the fourteen meridians. The experiential points which are not on
the fourteen meridians are called the extraordinary points, which are
introduced in this chapter. I. THE DU MERIDIAN 1. Changqiang (LuoConnecting Point, Du 1) Location: Midway between the tip of the coccyx
and the anus, locating the point in prone position. (See Figs. 113 and
114) Indications: Diarrhea, bloody stools, hemorrhoids, prolapse of the
rectum, constipation, pain in the lower back, epilepsy. 2. Yaoshu (Du 2)
Location: In the hiatus of the sacrum. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications:
Irregular menstruation, pain and stiffness of the lower back, hemorrhoids,
muscular atrophy of the lower extremities, epilepsy. 3. Yaoyangguan (Du
3) Location: Below the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, at
the level with the crista iliaca. (See Figs. 113 and 114) Indications:
Irregular menstruation, nocturnal emission, impotence, pain in the
lumbosacral region, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, numbness and
pain of the lower extremities. 4. Mingmen (Du 4) Location: Below the
spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. (See Figs. 113 and 114)
Indications: Stiffness of the back, lumbago, impotence, nocturnal
emission, irregular menstruation, diarrhea, indigestion, leukorrhea. 5.
Xuanshu (Du 5) Location: Below the spinous process of the first lumbar
vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Pain and stiffness of the lower
back, diarrhea, indigestion. 6. Jizhong (Du 6) Location: Below the spinous
process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications:
Pain in the epigastric region, diarrhea, jaundice, epilepsy, stiffness and
pain of the back. 7. Zhongshu (Du 7) Location: Below the spinous process
of the tenth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Pain in the
epigastric region, low back pain, stiffness of the back. 8. Jinsuo (Du 8)
Location: Below the spinous process of the ninth thoraeic vertebra. (See
Figs. 113 and 114) Indications: Epilepsy, stiffness of the back, gastric
pain. 9. Zhiyang (Du 9) Location: Below the spinous process of the
seventh thoracic vertebra, approximately at the level with the inferior
angle of the scapula. (See Figs. 113 and 114) Indications: Jaundice,
cough, asthma, stiffness of the back, pain in the chest and back. 10.
Lingtai (Du 10) Location: Below the spinous process of the sixth thoracic
vertebra. (See Figs. 113 and 114) Indications: Cough, asthma, furuncles,
back pain, neck rigidity. 11. Shendao (Du 11) Location: Below the spinous
process of the fifth thoracic vertebra. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Poor
memory, anxiety, palpitation, pain and stiffness of the back, cough,
cardiac pain. 12. Shenzhu (Du 12) Location: Below the spinous process of
the third thoracic vertebra. (See Figs. 113 and 114) Indications: Cough,
asthma, epilepsy, pain and stiffness of the back, furuncles. 13. Taodao (Du
13) Location: Below the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra.
(See Figs. 113 and 114) Indications: Stiffness of the back, headache,
malaria, febrile diseases. 14. Dazhui (Du 14) Location: Below the spinous
process of the seventh cervical vertebra, approximately at the level of the
shoulders. (Figs. 113 & 114) Indications: Neck pain and rigidity, malaria,
febrile diseases, epilepsy, afternoon fever, cough, asthma, common cold,
back stiffness. 15. Yamen (Du 15) Location: 0.5 cun directly above the
midpoint of the posterior hairline, in the depression below the spinous
process of the first cervical vertebra (See Fig. 115) Indications: Mental
disorders, epilepsy, deafness and mute, sudden hoarseness of voice,
apoplexy, stiffness of the tongue and aphasia, occipital headache, neck
rigidity. 16. Fengfu (Du 16) Location: 1 cun directly above the midpoint of
the posterior hairline, directly below the external occipital protuberance, in

the depression between m. trapezius of both sides. (See Fig. 115)

Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision, epistaxis, sore
throat, post-apoplexy aphasia, hemiplegia, mental disorders. 17. Naohu
(Du 17) Location: On the midline of the head, 1.5 cun directly above
Fengfu (Du 16), superior to the external occipital protuberance. (See Col.
Fig. 19) Indications: Epilepsy, dizziness, pain and stiffness of the neck. 18.
Qiangjian (Du 18) Location: On the midline of the head, 1.5 cun directly
above Naohu (Du 17), midway between Fengfu (Du 16) and Baihui (Du
20). (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, blurring of
vision, mania. 19. Houding (Du 19) Location: On the midline of the head,
1.5 cun directly above Qiangjian (Du 18). (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications:
Headache, vertigo, mania, epilepsy. 20. Baihoi (Du 20) Location: On the
midline of the head, 7 cun directly above the posterior hairline,
approximately on the midpoint of the line connecting the apexes of the
two auricles. (See Fig. 115) Indications: Headache, vertigo, tinnitus, nasal
obstruction, aphasia by apoplexy, coma, mental disorders, prolapse of the
rectum and the uterus. 21. Qianding (Du 21) Location: On the midline of
the head, 1.5 cun anterior to Baihui (Du 20). (See Col. Fig. 19)
Indications: Epilepsy, dizziness, blurring of vision, vertical headache,
rhinorrhea. 22. Xinhui (Du 22) Location: 2 cun posterior to the midpoint of
the anterior hairline, 3 cun anterior to Baihui (Du 20). (See Col. Fig. 19)
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, rhinorrhea, infantile convulsion.
a 23. Shangxing (Du 23) Location: 1 cun directly above the midpoint of
the anterior hairline. (Fig. 115) Indications: Headache, ophthalmalgia,
epistaxis, rhinorrhea, mental disorders. 24. Shenting (Du 24) Location:
0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline. (See Col. Fig.
19) Indications: Epilepsy, anxiety, palpitaticn, insomnia, headache,
vertigo, rhinorrhea. 25. Soliao (Du 25) Location: On the tip of the nose.
(See Fig. 115) Indications: Loss of consciousness, nasal obstruction,
epistaxis, rhinorrhea, rosacea. 26. Shuigou (also known as Renzhong, Du
26) Location: A little above the midpoint of the philtrum, near the nostrils.
(See Fig. 115) Indications: Mental disorders, epilepsy, hysteria, infantile
convulsion, coma, apoplexy-faint, trismus, deviation of the mouth and
eyes, puffiness of the face, pain and stiffness of the lower back. 27.
Duidoan (Du 27) Location: On the median tubercle of the upper lip, at the
junction of the skin and upper lip (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Mental
disorders, lip twitching, lip stiffness, pain and swelling of the gums. 28.
Vinjiao (Du 28) Location: At the junction of the gum and the frenulum of
the upper lip. (See Col. Fig. 19) Indications: Mental disorders, pain and
swelling of the gums, rhinorrhea. II. THE REN MERIDIAN 1. Huiyin (Ren 1)
Location: Between the anus and the root of the scrotum in males and
between the anus and the posterior labial coniniissure in females. (See
Col. Fig. 20) Indications: Vaginitis, retention of urine. hemorrhoids,
nocturnal emission, enuresis, irregular menstruation, mental disorders. 2.
Qugu (Ren 2) Location: On the midpoint of the upper border of the
symphysis pubis. (See Col. Fig. 20) Indications: Retention and dribbling
urine, enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, morbid leukorrhea,
irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, hernia. 3. Zhongji (Front-Mu Point
of the Bladder, Ren 3) Location: On the midline of the abdomen, 4 cun
below the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Enuresis, nocturnal
emission, impotence, hernia, uterine, bleeding, irregular menstruation,
dysmenorrhea, morbid leukorrhea, frequency of urination, retention of
urine, pain in the lower abdomen, prolapse of the uterus, vaginitis. 4.
Goanyuan (Front-Mo Point of the Small Intestine, Ren 4) Location: On the
midline of the abdomen, 3 cun below the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116)
Indications: Enuresis, nocturnal emission, frequency of urination,
retention of urine, hernia, irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea,
dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, lower
abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea, prolapse of the? rectum, flaccid
type of apoplexy. 5. Shimen (Front-Mu Point of Sanjiao, Ren 5) Location:

On the midline of the abdomen, 2 cun below the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116)
Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, edema, hernia, anuria, enuresis,
amenorrhea,
morbid
leukorrhea,
uterine
bleeding,
postpartum
hemorrhage. 6. Qihai (Ren 6) Location: On the midline of the abdomen,
1.5 cun below the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Abdominal pain,
enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, hernia, edema, diarrhea,
dysentery, uterine bleeding, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea,
amenorrhea, morbid leukorrhea, postpartum hemorrhage, constipation,
flaccid type of apoplexy, asthma. 7. Yinjiao (Ren 7) Location: On the
midline of the abdomen, 1 cun below the umbilicus. (See Col. Fig. 20)
Indications: Abdominal distention, edema, hernia, irregular menstruation,
uterine bleeding, morbid leukorrhea, pruritus vulvae, postpartum
hemorrhage, abdominal pain around the umbilicus. 8. Shenque (Ren 8)
Location: In the centre of the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications:
Abdominal pain, borborygmus, flaccid type of apoplexy, prolapse of the
rectum, unchecked diarrhea. 9. Shoifen (Ren 9) Location: On the midline
of the abdomen, 1 cun above the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications:
Abdominal pain, borborygmus, edema, retention of the urine, diarrhea.
10. Xiawan (Ren 10) Location: On the midline of the abdomen, 2 cun
above the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Epigastric pain,
abdominal pain, borborygmus, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea. 11. Jianli
(Ren 11) Location: On the midline of the abdomen, 3 cun above the
umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Stomachache, vomiting, abdominal
distention, borborygmus, edema, anorexia. 12. Zhongwan (Front-Mu Point
of the Stomach, Influential Point of the Fu Organs, Ren 12) Location: On
the midline of the abdomen, 4 cun above the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116)
Indications: Stomach ache, abdominal distention, borborygmus, nausea,
vomiting, acid regurgitation, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, indigestion,
insomnia. 13. Shangwan (Ren 13) Location: On the midline of the
abdomen, 5 cun above the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Stomach
ache, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, epilepsy, insomnia. 14.
Juque (Front-Mu Point of the Heart, Ren 14) Location: On the midline of
the abdomen, 6 cun above the umbilicus. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Pain
in the cardiac region and the chest, nausea, acid regurgitation, difficulty in
swallowing, vomiting, mental disorders, epilepsy, palpitation. 15. Jiuwei
(Luo-Connecting Point, Ren 15) Location: Below the xiphoid process, 7
cun above the umbilicus; locate the point in supine position with the arms
uplifted. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Pain in the cardiac region and the
chest, nausea, mental disorders, epilepsy. 16. Zhongting (Ren 16)
Location: On the midline of the sternum, at the level with the fifth
intercostal space. (See Col. Fig. 20) Indications: Distension and fullness in
the chest and intercostal region, hiccup, nausea, anorexia. 17. Tanzhong
(Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium, Influential Point of Qi, Ren 17)
Location: On the anterior midline, at the level with the fourth intercostal
space, midway between the nipples. (See Fig. 116) Indications: Asthma,
pain in the chest, fullness in the chest, palpitation, insufficient lactation,
hiccup, difficulty in swallowing. 18. Yutang (Ren 18) Location: On the
anterior midline, at the level with the third intercostal space. (See Col.
Fig. 20) Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma, vomiting. 19.
Zigong (Ren 19) Location: On the anterior midline, at the level with the
second intercostal space. (See Col. Fig. 20) Indications: Pain in the chest,
asthma, cough. 20. Huagai (Ren 20) Location: On the the anterior
midline, at the midpoint of the sternal angle, at the level with the first
intercostal space. (See Col. Fig. 20) and intercostal region, asthma,
cough. 21. Xuanji (Ren 21) Location: On the anterior midline, in the
center of the sternal manubrium, 1 dun below Tiantu (Ren 22). (See Col.
Fig. 20) Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma. 22. Tiantu (Ren 22)
Location: In the centre of the suprasternal fossa. (See Fig. 117)
Indications: Asthma, cough, sore throat, dry throat, hiccup, sudden
hoarseness of the voice, difficulty in swallowing, goiter. 23. Lianquan (Ren

23) Location: Above the Adams apple, in the depression of the upper
border of the hyoid bone. (See Fig. 117) Indications: Swelling and pain of
the subglossal region, salivation with glossoplegia, aphasia with stiffness
of tongue by apoplexy, sudden hoarseness of the voice, difficulty in
swallowing. 24. Chengjiang (Ren 24) Location: In the depression in the
centre of the mentolabial groove. (See Fig. 117) Indications: Facial
puffiness, swelling of the gums, toothache, salivation, mental disorders,
deviation of the eyes and mouth. III. THE EXTRAORDINARY POINTS 1.
Taiyang Location: In the depression about 1 cun posterior to the midpoint
between the lateral end of the eyebrow and the outer canthus. (See Fig.
118) Indications: Headache, eye diseases, deviation of the eyes and
mouth. 2. Yintang Location: Midway between the medial ends of the two
eyebrows. (See Fig. 118) Indications: Headache, head heaviness,
epistaxis, rhinorrhea, infantile convulsion, frontal headache, insomnia. 3.
Shanglianquan Location: 1 cun below the midpoint of the lower jaw, in the
depression between the hyoid bone and the lower border of the jaw. (See
Fig. 118) Indications: Alalia, salivation with stiff tongue, sore throat,
difficulty in swallowing, loss of voice. 4. Erjian Location: Fold the auricle,
the point is at the apex of the auricle. (See Fig. 118) Indications:
Redness, swelling and pain of the eyes, febrile disease, nebula. 5. Yuyao
Location: At the midpoint of the eyebrow. (See Fig. 119) Indications: Pain
in the supraorbital region, twitching of the eyelids, ptosis, cloudiness of
the cornea, redness, swelling and pain ofthe eyes. 6. Sishencong
Location: A group of 4 points, at the vertex, 1 cun respectively posterior,
anterior and lateral to Baihui (Du 20). (See Fig. 119) Indications:
Headache, vertigo, insomnia, poor memory, epilepsy. 7. Qiuhou Location:
At the junction of the lateral 1/4 and the medial 3/4 of the infraorbital
margin. (See Fig. 119) Indications: Eye diseases. 8. Jiachengjiang
Location: 1 cun lateral to Chengjiang (Ren 24). (See Fig. 119) Indications:
Pain in the face, deviation of the eyes and mouth, spasm of facial muscle.
9. Jinjin, Yuye Location: On the veins on both sides of the frenulum of the
tongue, Jinjin is on the left, Yuye, on the right. (See Fig. 120) Indications:
Swelling of the tongue, vomiting, aphasia with stiffness of tongue. 10.
Bitong Location: At the highest point of the nasolabial groove. (See
Fig.121) Indications: Rhinitis, nasal obstruction, nasal boils. 11.
Qianzheng Location: 0.5-1.0 cun anterior to the auricular lobe. (See Fig.
121) Indications: Deviation of the eyes and mouth, ulceration on tongue
and mouth. 12. Yiming Location: 1 cun posterior to Yifeng (S I 17). (See
Fig. 121) Indications: Eye diseases, tinnitus, insomnia. 13. Anmian
Location: Midpoint between Yifeng (S J 17) and Fengchi (G 20). (See Fig.
121) Indications: Insomnia, vertigo, headache, palpitation, mental
disorders. 14. Dingchuan Location: 0.5 cun lateral to Dazhui (Du 14). (See
Fig. 122) Indications: Asthma, cough, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder
and back, rubella. 15. Huatuojiaji Location: A group of 34 points on both
sides of the spinal column, 0.5 cun lateral to the lower border of each
spinous process from the first thoracic vertebra to the fifth lumbar
vertebra. (See Fig. 122) Indications: See the following table. 16. Bailao
Location: 2 cun above Dazhui (Du 14), 1 cun lateral to the midline. (See
Fig. 123) Indications: Scrofula, cough, asthma, whooping cough, neck
rigidity. 17. Weiguanxiashu Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of
the spinous process of the eighth thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 123)
Indications: Diabetes, vomiting, abdominal pain, pain in the chest and
hypochondriac region. 18. Shiqizhui Location: Below the spinous process
of the fifth lumbar vertebra. (See Fig. 123) Indications: Lumbar pain,
thigh pain, paralysis of the lower extremities, irregular menstruation,
dysmenorrhea. 19. Yaoqi Location: 2 cun directly above the tip of the
coccyx. (See Fig. 123) Indications: Epilepsy, headache, insomnia,
constipation. 20. Pigen Location: 3.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the
spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra. (See Fig. 123) Indications:
Hepatosplenomegaly, lumbar pain. 21. Yaoyan Location: About 3.5 cun

lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar
vertebra. The point is in the depression appearing in prone position. (See
Fig. 123) Indications: Lumbar pain, frequency of urine, irregular
menstruation. 22. Zigongxue Location: 3 cun lateral to Zhongji (Ren 3).
(See Fig. 124) Indications: Prolapse of the uterus, irregular menstruation.
23. Jianqian (also known as Jianneiling) Location: Midway between the
end of the anterior axillary fold and Jianyu (L I 15). (See Fig. 124)
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and arm, paralysis of the upper
extremities. 24. Shixuan Location: On the tips of the ten fingers, about
0.1 cun distal to the nails. (See Fig.125) Indications: Apoplexy, coma,
epilepsy, high fever, acute tonsillitis, infantile convulsion, numbness of the
finger tips. 25. Sifeng Location: On the palmar surface, in the midpoint of
the transverse creases of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index,
middle, ring and little fingers. (See Fig. 125) Indications: Malnutrition and
indigestion syndrome in children, whooping cough. 26. Zhongkui Location:
On the midpoint of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger
at dorsum aspect. (See Fig. 125) Indications: Nausea, vomiting, biccup.
27. Baxie Location: On the dorsum of the hand, at the junction of the
white and red skin of the hand webs, eight in all, making a loose fist to
locate the points. (See Fig. 125) Indications: Excessive heat, finger
numbness, spasm and contracture of the fingers, redness and swelling of
the dorsum of the hand. 28. Luozhen Location: On the dorsum of the
hand, between the second and third metacarpal bones, about 0.5 cun
posterior to metacarpophalangeal joint. (See Fig. 126) Indications: Sore
neck, pain in the shoulder and arm. 29. Yaotongxue Location: On the
dorsum of the hand, midway between the transverse wrist crease and
metacarpophalangeal joint, between the second and third metacarpal
bones, and between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, four points in
all on both hands. (See Fig. 126) Indication: Acute lumbar sprain. 30.
Zhongquan Location: In the depression between Yangxi (L I 5) and
Yangchi (5 1 4). (See Fig. 125) Indications: Stuffy chest, gastric pain,
spitting of blood. 31. Erbai Location: On the metacarpal aspect of the
forearm, 4 cun above the transverse wrist crease, on the both sides of the
tendon of m. flexor carpi radialis, two joints on one hand. (See Fig. 127)
Indications: Hemorrhoids, prolapse of the rectum. 32. Bizhong Location:
On the lateral aspect of the forearm, midway between the transverse wrist
crease and elbow crease, between the radius and the ulna. (See Fig. 127)
Indications: Paralysis, spasm and contracture of the upper extremities,
pain of the forearm. 33. Zhoujian Location: On the tip of the ulnar
olecranon when the elbow is flexed. (See Fig. 128) Indication: Scrofula
34. Huanzhong Location: Midway between Huantiao (G 30) and Yaoshu
(Du 2). (See Fig. 129) Indications: Lumbar pain, thigh pain. 35.
Baichongwo Location: I cun above Xuehai (Sp 10). (See Fig. 130)
Indications: Rubella, eczema, gastrointestinal parasitic diseases. 36. Xiyan
Location: A pair of points in the two depressions, medial and lateral to the
patellar ligament, locating the point with the knee flexed. These two
points are also termed medial and lateral Xiyan respectively. Lateral Xiyan
overlaps with Dubi (S 35). (See Fig. 131) Indications: Knee pain,
weakness of the lower extremities. 37. Lanweixue Location: The tender
spot about 2 cun below Zusanli (S 36). (See Fig. 131) Indications: Acute
and chronic appendicitis, indigestion, paralysis of the lower extremities.
38. Heding Location: In the depression of - the midpoint of the superior
patellar border. (See Fig. 131) Indications: Knee pain, weakness of the
foot and leg, paralysis. 39. Dannangxue Location: The tender spot 1-2 cun
below Yanglingquan (G 34). (See Fig. 132) Indications: Acute and chronic
cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, biliary ascariasis, muscular atrophy and
numbness of the lower extremities. 40. Bafeng Location: On the dorsum
of foot, in the depressions on the webs between toes, proximal to the
margins of the webs, eight points in all. (See Fig. 133) Indications:
Beriberi, toe pain, redness and swelling of the dorsum of the foot.