Cmmi Tutorial
Cmmi Tutorial
Cmmi Tutorial
Audience
This tutorial has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand basic
functionality CMMI approach which is being adopted by various industries to
create great quality products at reduced cost.
Prerequisites
It will help if you are familiar with the concepts of Quality Control and Quality
Assurance and associated terminologies; however it is not a limiting factor.
Table of Contents
About the Tutorial i
Audience i
Prerequisites i
Copyright & Disclaimer i
Table of Contents ii
1. OVERVIEW 1
What is CMM? 1
CMM Examples 1
What is Maturity? 2
Immature vs Mature Organization 2
What is CMMI? 3
Difference between CMM and CMMI 3
CMMI and Business Objectives 3
2. DISCIPLINES 5
Systems Engineering 5
Software Engineering 5
Integrated Product and Process Development 5
Supplier Sourcing 5
CMMI Discipline Selection 6
3. REPRESENTATIONS 7
Staged Representation 7
CMMI Staged Representation 7
CMMI Staged Structure 8
Continuous Representation 8
CMMI Continuous Representation 8
CMMI Continuous Structure 9
ii
4. MATURITY LEVELS 12
CMMI Staged Representation Maturity Levels 12
Maturity Level Details 13
Maturity Level 1 Initial 13
Maturity Level 2 Managed 13
Maturity Level 3 Defined 13
Maturity Level 4 Quantitatively Managed 14
Maturity Level 5 Optimizing 15
Maturity Levels Should Not be Skipped 15
Maturity Levels and Process Areas 16
5. CAPABILITY LEVELS 18
Capability Level 0: Incomplete 18
Capability Level 1: Performed 18
Capability Level 2: Managed 19
Capability Level 3: Defined 19
Capability Level 4: Quantitatively Managed 19
Capability Level 5: Optimizing 19
Organization of Process Areas in Continuous Representation 20
iii
7. APPRAISALS 39
SCAMPI Class A Appraisal 39
SCAMPI Class B Appraisal 40
SCAMPI Class C Appraisal 40
Appraisal Class Characteristics 41
SCAMPI Fundamentals 42
9. SUMMARY 44
What is Next? 44
10. GLOSSARY 45
11. ACRONYMS 63
iv
1. OVERVIEW
CMMI
What is CMM?
Systems Engineering
Supplier Sourcing
People CMM
Software Acquisition
CMM Examples
CMMI
What is Maturity?
Definitions vary but mature processes are generally thought to be:
Well-defined,
Repeatable,
Measured,
Analyzed,
Improved, and
Effective.
Well-defined roles/responsibilities
CMMI
What is CMMI?
CMM Integration project was formed to sort out the problem of using multiple
CMMs. CMMI product team's mission was to combine three Source Models into
a single improvement framework for the organizations pursuing enterprise-wide
process improvement. These three Source Models are:
CMM Integration
CMMI
maturity, and then perform in line with those estimates. CMMI supports
quality products, predictable schedules, and effective measurement to
support the management in making accurate and defensible forecasts.
This process maturity can guard against project performance problems
that could weaken the value of the organization in the eyes of investors.
2. DISCIPLINES
CMMI
Systems Engineering
Systems engineering covers the development of complete systems, which may
or may not include software. Systems engineers focus on transforming customer
needs, expectations, and constraints into product solutions and supporting these
product solutions throughout the entire lifecycle of the product.
Software Engineering
Software engineering covers the development of software systems. Software
engineers focus on the application of systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable
approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.
Supplier Sourcing
As work efforts become more complex, project managers may use suppliers to
perform functions or add modifications to products that are specifically needed
by the project. When those activities are critical, the project benefits from
enhanced source analysis and from monitoring supplier activities before product
delivery. Under these circumstances, the supplier sourcing discipline covers the
acquisition of products from suppliers
Similar to IPPD best practices, supplier sourcing best practices must be selected
in conjunction with best practices used to produce products.
5
CMMI
If you are improving multiple disciplines, then you need to work on all the
areas related to those disciplines and pay attention to all of the discipline
amplifications for those disciplines.
3. REPRESENTATIONS
CMMI
Process Areas
Common Features
This chapter will discuss about two CMMI representations and rest of the
subjects will be covered in subsequent chapters.
A representation allows an organization to pursue different improvement
objectives. An organization can go for one of the following two improvement
paths.
Staged Representation
The staged representation is the approach used in the Software CMM. It is an
approach that uses predefined sets of process areas to define an improvement
path for an organization. This improvement path is described by a model
component called a Maturity Level. A maturity level is a well-defined
evolutionary plateau towards achieving improved organizational processes.
CMMI
Continuous Representation
Continuous representation is the approach used in the SECM and the IPD-CMM.
This approach allows an organization to select a specific process area and make
improvements based on it. The continuous representation uses Capability
Levels to characterize improvement relative to an individual process area.
Allows you to select the order of improvement that best meets your
organization's business objectives and mitigates your organization's areas
of risk.
Provides an easy migration from EIA 731 (and other models with a
continuous representation) to CMMI.
CMMI
Staged Representation
CMMI
10
CMMI
11
4. MATURITY LEVELS
CMMI
Initial
Managed
Defined
Quantitatively Managed
Optimizing
Now we will learn the details about each maturity level. Next section will list
down all the process areas related to these maturity levels.
12
CMMI
CMMI
A critical distinction between maturity level 2 and maturity level 3 is the scope of
standards, process descriptions, and procedures. At maturity level 2, the
standards, process descriptions, and procedures may be quite different in each
specific instance of the process (for example, on a particular project).
At maturity level 3, the standards, process descriptions, and procedures for a
project are tailored from the organization's set of standard processes to suit a
particular project or organizational unit. The organization's set of standard
processes includes the processes addressed at maturity level 2 and maturity
level 3. As a result, the processes that are performed across the organization are
consistent except for the differences allowed by the tailoring guidelines.
Another critical distinction is that at maturity level 3, processes are typically
described in more detail and more rigorously than at maturity level 2. At
maturity level 3, processes are managed more proactively using an
understanding of the interrelationships of the process activities and detailed
measures of the process, its work products, and its services.
14
CMMI
Higher level processes have less chance of success without the discipline
provided by lower levels.
15
CMMI
Focus
Continuous
Process
Improvement
Result
Highest
Quality
/
Lowest
Risk
4
Quantitatively
Managed
Quantitatively
Managed
Organizational Process
Performance
Higher
Quality
/
Lower
Risk
3
Defined
Process
Standardization
Requirements Development
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Verification
Medium
Quality
/
Medium
Risk
Validation
Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Process Definition
Organizational Training
Integrated Project Mgmt (with
IPPD extras)
Risk Management
16
CMMI
Basic Project
Management
Requirements Management
Project Planning
Project Monitoring and Control
Supplier Agreement Management
Low
Quality
/
High
Risk
Process is
informal and
Adhoc
Lowest
Quality
/
Highest
Risk
17
5. CAPABILITY LEVELS
CMMI
0 - Incomplete
1 - Performed
2 - Managed
3 - Defined
4 - Quantitatively Managed
5 - Optimizing
18
CMMI
CMMI
Process Area
Project
Management
Project Planning
Project Monitoring and Control
Supplier Agreement Management
Integrated Project Management(IPPD)
Integrated Supplier Management (SS)
Integrated Teaming (IPPD)
Risk Management Quantitative Project Management
Support
Configuration Management
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Measurement and Analysis Causal Analysis and
Resolution
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Organizational Environment for Integration (IPPD)
Engineering
Requirements Management
Requirements Development
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Verification
Validation
Process
Management
20
CMMI
21
CMMI
Process Management
Project Management
Engineering
Support
Each process area is defined by a set of goals and practices. There are two
categories of goals and practices:
Generic goals and practices: They are a part of every process area.
Specific goals and practices: They are specific to a given process area.
A process area is satisfied when the processes of a company cover all of the
generic and specific goals and practices for that process area.
22
CMMI
Common Features
The common features are attributes that indicate whether the implementation
and institutionalization of a key process area is effective, repeatable, and lasting.
The five common features are listed below:
23
CMMI
The practices in the common feature Activities Performed describe what must be
implemented to establish a process capability. The other practices, taken as a
whole, form the basis by which an organization can institutionalize the practices
described in the Activities Performed common feature.
Purpose
The purpose of Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR) is to identify causes of
defects and other problems and take action to prevent them from occurring in
the future.
CMMI
Configuration Management
It is a support process area at Maturity Level 2.
Purpose
The purpose of Configuration Management (CM) is to establish and maintain
the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration
control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.
SG 1 Establish Baselines
o
SG 3 Establish Integrity
o
Purpose
The purpose of Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR) is to analyze possible
decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives
against established criteria.
25
CMMI
SG 1 Evaluate Alternatives
o
Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Project Management +IPPD (IPM) is to establish
and manage the project and the involvement of the relevant stakeholders
according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the
organization's set of standard processes.
IPPD Addition:
CMMI
Purpose
The purpose of Measurement and Analysis (MA) is to develop and sustain a
measurement capability that is used to support management information needs.
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Innovation and Deployment (OID) is to select
and deploy incremental and innovative improvements that measurably improve
the organization's processes and technologies. The improvements support the
organization's quality and process-performance objectives as derived from the
organization's business objectives.
27
CMMI
SG 1 Select Improvements
o
SG 2 Deploy Improvements
o
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Definition + IPPD (OPD) is to
establish and maintain a usable set of organizational process assets.
IPPD Addition:
CMMI
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Focus (OPF) is to plan and implement
organizational process improvement based on a thorough understanding of the
current strengths and weaknesses of the organization's processes and process
assets.
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Performance (OPP) is to establish and
maintain a quantitative understanding of the performance of the organization's
set of standard processes in support of quality and process-performance
objectives, and to provide the process performance data, baselines, and models
to quantitatively manage the organization's projects.
CMMI
Organizational Training
It is a Process Management process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Training (OT) is to develop the skills and
knowledge of people so they can perform their roles effectively and efficiently.
Product Integration
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Product Integration (PI) is to assemble the product from the
product components, ensure that the product, as integrated, functions properly,
and deliver the product.
CMMI
Purpose
The purpose of Project Monitoring and Control (PMC) is to provide an
understanding of the project's progress so that appropriate corrective actions
can be taken when the project's performance deviates significantly from the
plan.
31
CMMI
Project Planning
It is a Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2.
Purpose
The purpose of Project Planning (PP) is to establish and maintain plans that
define project activities.
SG 1 Establish Estimates
o
Purpose
The purpose of Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA) is to provide
staff and management with objective insight into processes and associated work
products.
32
CMMI
Purpose
The purpose of the Quantitative Project Management (QPM) process area is
to quantitatively manage the project's defined process to achieve the project's
established quality and process-performance objectives.
Requirements Development
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Development (RD) is to produce and analyze
customer, product, and product-component requirements.
33
CMMI
Requirements Management
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 2.
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Management (REQM) is to manage the
requirements of the project's products and product components and to identify
inconsistencies between those requirements and the project's plans and work
products.
SG 1 Manage Requirements
o
SP 1.5 Identify
Requirements
Inconsistencies
between
Project
Work
and
34
CMMI
Risk Management
It is a Project Management process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Risk Management (RSKM) is to identify potential problems
before they occur so that risk-handling activities can be planned and invoked as
needed across the life of the product or project to mitigate adverse impacts on
achieving objectives.
SG 3 Mitigate Risks
o
Purpose
The purpose of Supplier Agreement Management (SAM) is to manage the
acquisition of products from suppliers for which there exists a formal agreement.
CMMI
Technical Solution
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Technical Solution (TS) is to design, develop, and implement
solutions to requirements. Solutions, designs, and implementations encompass
products, product components, and product-related life-cycle processes either
singly or in combination as appropriate.
Validation
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Validation (VAL) is to demonstrate that a product or product
component fulfills its intended use when placed in its intended environment.
36
CMMI
Verification
It is an Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Verification (VER) is to ensure that selected work products meet
their specified requirements.
The following Process Areas have been removed (all on Maturity Level 3):
37
CMMI
The following additions have been made within existing Process Areas:
o
IPM . SG3 and SG4 were eliminated, new SG3 was added (all IPPD
PAs)
OPF . two SPs were extracted from SG and created SG3 together
with two new SPs
38
7. APPRAISALS
CMMI
The SEI has released two guiding documents for CMMI assessments:
SCAMPI is currently the only approved CMMI Class A Appraisal Method. That is,
SCAMPI satisfies all the requirements of an ARC Class A Appraisal Method and
has been approved by the SEI.
There are three classes of CMMI Appraisal Methods: Class A, Class B, and Class
C.
CMMI
weaknesses
of
your
CMMI
Class A
Class B
Class C
Amount of objective
evidence gathered
High
Medium
Low
Rating generated
Yes
No
No
Resource needs
High
Medium
Low
Team size
Large
Medium
Small
Data sources
(instruments,
interviews, and
documents)
Requires all
three data
sources
Requires only
one data
source
Authorized
Authorized Lead
Person trained
41
CMMI
requirement
Lead
Appraiser
Appraiser or person
trained and
experienced
and
experienced
SCAMPI Fundamentals
SCAMPI is an acronym that stands for Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for
Process Improvement. A SCAMPI assessment must be led by an SEI authorized
SCAMPI Lead Appraiser. SCAMPI is supported by the SCAMPI Product Suite,
which includes the SCAMPI Method Description, maturity questionnaire, work
aids, and templates.
Currently, SCAMPI is the only method that can provide a rating, the only method
recognized by the SEI, and the method of most interest to organizations.
SCAMPI is based on experience from previous methods, including:
42
CMMI
This chapter discusses the major players involved with a process improvement
effort. However, your organization may require more or fewer groups.
Note that one person can fulfill many of these roles simultaneously or serially,
depending on the size of your organization and the complexity of your process
improvement (PI) effort.
Process Improvement
Process improvement efforts generally require the following individuals and
groups:
PI Sponsor: The person from the organization responsible for overseeing the entire PI effort. This person generally has the power to allocate
funds and personnel. This person is usually at the directorate level or
above.
PI Champion: This is the public relations person for the PI effort, who
may or may not serve as the EPG Lead. This person markets the idea,
approach, and results of PI.
Engineering Process Group (EPG) Lead: This person leads the group
that reviews processes. This person assigns tasks to the EPG members,
monitors their efforts, and plans the daily duties of the EPG.
43
9. SUMMARY
CMMI
This tutorial covered the structure of CMMI that consists of the following
components:
Process Areas
Common Features
We have covered all the maturity levels and capability levels. In addition, we
discussed all the Key Process Areas and related Generic Goals, Specific Goals,
Common Features and Practices.
Later, we have given you a brief introduction on CMMI Appraisals and showed
you the different Appraisal Classes.
What is Next?
SEI CMMI is a big subject that cannot be explained in a small tutorial. So we
strongly recommend you to go through other CMMI resources and collect more
information on this subject. These resources are listed in the CMMI Resources
chapter.
Please send us your feedback at webmaster@tutorialspoint.com.
44
CMMI
10. GLOSSARY
All
technical
and
non-technical
45
CMMI
appraisal
Appraisal team leader: A person who leads the activities of an appraisal and
has satisfied the qualification criteria for experience, knowledge, and skills
defined by the appraisal method.
Appropriate: See definition for Adequate.
As needed: See definition for Adequate.
Assessment: An assessment is an appraisal that an organization conducts for
itself for the purposes of process improvement.
Assignable cause of process variation: In CMMI, the term "special cause of
process variation" is used in place of "assignable cause of process variation" to
ensure consistency. Both terms are defined identically.
Audit: An independent examination of a work product or set of work products to
determine whether requirements are being met.
Base measure: A distinct property or characteristic of an entity and the method
for quantifying it.
Base practices: In the continuous representation, all the specific practices with
a capability level of 1.
46
CMMI
Baseline: The term baseline is normally used to denote such a reference point.
A baseline is an approved snapshot of the system at appropriate points in the
development life cycle. A baseline establishes a formal base for defining
subsequent change. Without this line or reference point, the notion of change is
meaningless.
Business objectives: Senior-management-developed strategies designed to
ensure an organization's continued existence and enhance its profitability,
market share, and other factors influencing the organizations success.
Capability evaluation: An appraisal by a trained team of professionals used as
a discriminator to select suppliers, for contract monitoring, or for incentives.
Evaluations are used to help decision makers make better acquisition decisions,
improve subcontractor performance, and provide insight to a purchasing
organization.
Capability level: Achievement of process improvement within an individual
process area. A capability level is defined by the appropriate specific and generic
practices for a process area.
Capability level profile: In the continuous representation, a list of process
areas and their corresponding capability levels. The profile may be an
achievement profile when it represents the organization's progress for each
process area while advancing through the capability levels. Or, the profile may
be a target profile when it represents an objective for process improvement.
Capability maturity model: A capability maturity model (CMM) contains the
essential elements of effective processes for one or more disciplines. It also
describes an evolutionary improvement path from ad hoc, immature processes
to disciplined, mature processes with improved quality and effectiveness.
Capable process: A process that can satisfy its specified product quality,
service quality, and process performance objectives.
Causal analysis: The analysis of defects to determine their cause.
Change management: Judicious use of means to effect a change, or proposed
change, on a product or service.
CMMI appraisal tailoring: Selection of options within the appraisal method for
use in a specific instance. The intent of appraisal tailoring is to assist an
organization in aligning application of the method with its business objectives.
CMMI model component: Any of the main architectural elements that
compose a CMMI model. Some of the main elements of a CMMI model include
specific practices, generic practices, specific goals, generic goals, process areas,
capability levels, and maturity levels.
CMMI model tailoring: The use of a subset of a CMMI model for the purpose of
making it suitable for a specific application. The intent of model tailoring is to
47
CMMI
CMMI
Consequently, the phrase "CMMI MODEL" could be any one of many collections
of information. The phrase "CMMI models" refers to one, some, or the entire
collection of possible models that can be generated from the CMMI Framework.
Configuration status accounting: An element of configuration management
consisting of the recording and reporting of information needed to manage a
configuration effectively. This information includes a listing of the approved
configuration identification, the status of proposed changes to the configuration,
and the implementation status of approved changes.
Continuous representation: A capability maturity model structure wherein
capability levels provide a recommended order for approaching process
improvement within each specified process area.
Corrective action: Acts or deeds used to remedy a situation, remove an error,
or adjust a condition.
COTS: Items that can be purchased from a commercial vendor.
Customer: A customer is the individual, project, organization, group, and so
forth that is responsible for accepting the product or for authorizing payment.
The customer is external to the project but not necessarily external to the
organization. The term customer also serves as a variable when we discuss
requirements gathering or elicitation.
Data management: Principles, processes, and systems for the sharing and
management of data.
Defect density: Number of defects per unit of product size (e.g., problem
reports per 1000 lines of code).
Defined process: A defined set of steps to be followed as a part of the
improvement.
Derived measures: Data resulting from the mathematical function of two or
more base measures.
Derived requirements: Requirements that are not explicitly stated in the
customer requirements, but are inferred (1) from contextual requirements (e.g.,
applicable standards, laws, policies, common practices, and management
decisions), or (2) from requirements needed to specify a product component.
Derived requirements can also arise during analysis and design of components of
the product or system.
Design review: A formal, documented, comprehensive, and systematic
examination of a design to evaluate the design requirements and the capability
of the design to meet these requirements, and to identify problems and propose
solutions.
Development: Development, as it is used throughout CMMI, implies
maintenance activities as well as development activities. Experience has shown
49
CMMI
CMMI
CMMI
documents
of understanding
or
CMMI
CMMI
CMMI
Process asset: Anything that the organization considers useful in attaining the
goals of a process area.
Process asset library: A collection of process asset holdings that can be used
by an organization or project.
Process attribute: A measurable characteristic of process capability applicable
to any process.
Process capability: The range of expected results that can be achieved by
following a process.
Process context: The set of factors, documented in the appraisal input that
influences the judgment and comparability of appraisal ratings. These include,
but are not limited to, the size of the organizational unit to be appraised; the
demographics of the organizational unit; the application discipline of the
products or services; the size, criticality, and complexity of the products or
services; and the quality characteristics of the products or services.
Process definition: The act of defining and describing a process. The result of
process definition is a process description.
Process description: A documented expression of a set of activities performed
to achieve a given purpose that provides an operational definition of the major
components of a process. The documentation specifies, in a complete, precise,
and verifiable manner, the requirements, design, behavior, or other
characteristics of a process. It also may include procedures for determining
whether these provisions have been satisfied. Process descriptions may be found
at the activity, project, or organizational level.
Process element: The fundamental unit of a process. A process may be defined
in terms of sub-processes or process elements. A sub-process can be further
decomposed; a process element cannot. Each process element covers a closely
related set of activities (for example, estimating element, peer review element).
Process elements can be portrayed using templates to be completed,
abstractions to be refined, or descriptions to be modified or used. A process
element can be an activity or task.
Process group: A collection of specialists that facilitate the definition,
maintenance, and improvement of the process(es) used by the organization.
Process improvement: A program of activities designed to improve the
performance and maturity of the organization's processes, and the results of
such a program.
Process-improvement objectives: A set of target characteristics established
to guide the effort to improve an existing process in a specific measurable way
either in terms of resultant product characteristics (e.g., quality, performance,
conformance to standards, etc.) or in the way in which the process is executed
(e.g., elimination of redundant process steps, combining process steps,
improving cycle time, etc.)
55
CMMI
CMMI
57
CMMI
of product-specific performance
analyses of customer needs,
concept; projected utilization
processes; and measures of
CMMI
CMMI
Specific goal: SPECIFIC GOALS apply to a process area and address the unique
characteristics that describe what must be implemented to satisfy the process
area. Specific goals are required model components and are used in appraisals
to help determine whether a process area is satisfied.
Specific practice: A SPECIFIC PRACTICE is an activity that is considered
important in achieving the associated specific goal. The specific practices
describe the activities expected to result in achievement of the specific goals of a
process area. Specific practices are expected model components.
Stable process: The state in which all special causes of process variation have
been removed and prevented from recurring so that only the common causes of
process variation of the process remain.
Staged representation: A model structure wherein attaining the goals of a set
of process areas establishes a maturity level; each level builds a foundation for
subsequent levels.
Stakeholder: A stakeholder is a group or individual that is affected by the
outcome of a project or can affect the activities or output of the project.
Standard process: An operational definition of the basic process that guides
the establishment of a common process in an organization. A standard process
describes the fundamental process elements that are expected to be
incorporated into any defined process. It also describes the relationships (e.g.,
ordering and interfaces) between these process elements.
Statement of work: A description of contracted work required to complete a
project.
Statistical predictability: The performance of a quantitative process that is
controlled using statistical and other quantitative techniques.
Statistical process control: Statistically based analysis of a process and
measurements of process performance, which will identify common and special
causes of variation in the process performance, and maintain process
performance within limits.
Statistical techniques: An analytic technique that employs statistical methods
(e.g., statistical process control, confidence intervals, prediction intervals).
Statistically managed process: A process that is managed by a statistically
based technique in which processes are analyzed, special causes of process
variation are identified, and performance is contained within well-defined limits.
Strength: As used in CMMI appraisal materials, an exemplary or noteworthy
implementation of a CMMI model practice.
Sub-process: A process that is part of a larger process.
Supplier: 1) An entity delivering products or performing services being
acquired. (2) An individual, partnership, company, corporation, association, or
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CMMI
other service having an agreement (contract) with an acquirer for the design,
development, manufacture, maintenance, modification, or supply of items under
the terms of an agreement (contract).
Sustainment: The processes used to ensure that a product can be utilized
operationally by its end users or customers. Sustainment ensures that
maintenance is done such that the product is in an operable condition whether
the product is in use or not by customers or end users.
Systems engineering: The interdisciplinary approach governing the total
technical and managerial effort required to transform a set of customer needs,
expectations, and constraints into a product solution and support that solution
throughout the products life. This includes the definition of technical
performance measures, the integration of engineering specialties towards the
establishment of a product architecture, and the definition of supporting lifecycle processes that balance cost, performance, and schedule objectives.
Tailoring guidelines: Tailoring a process makes, alters, or adapts process
descriptions, normally described at the organizational level, for use on a
particular project. For most organizations, one organizational process definition
cannot or will not be followed 100% for all of the projects. Some adaptation is
normally needed. Tailoring guidelines then describe what can and cannot be
modified and identify process components that are allowable candidates for
modification.
Target profile: In the continuous representation, a list of process areas and
their corresponding capability levels that represent an objective for process
improvement.
Target staging: In the continuous representation, a sequence of target profiles
that describes the path of process improvement to be followed by the
organization.
Technical data package: A collection of items that may include the following if
such information is appropriate to the type of product and product component.
Technical requirements: Properties (attributes) of products or services to be
acquired or developed.
Test procedure: Detailed instructions for the setup, execution, and evaluation
of results for a given test.
Trade study: An evaluation of alternatives based on criteria and systematic
analysis, to select the best alternative for attaining determined objectives.
Training: In the Organizational Training process area, see the definition of
.training. in the introductory notes.
Unit testing: Testing of individual hardware or software units or groups of
related units.
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CMMI
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CMMI
11. ACRONYMS
Here is the list of all the CMMI Acronyms arranged in an alphabetical order.
Acronym
Expanded Form
ARC
CAF
CAR
CAU
CBA IPI
CBT
Computer-Based training
CCB
CM
CMM
CMMI
CMMI-SE/SW
CMMISE/SW/IPPD
CMMISE/SW/IPPD/SS
for
Systems
63
CMMI
COTS
CPM
DAR
EIA
EIA/IS
FAA
FAA-iCMM
GG
Generic Goal
GP
Generic Practice
IDEAL
IEEE
INCOSE
IPD-CMM
IPM
IPPD
IPT
ISM
ISO
64
CMMI
ISO/IEC
IT
KSLOC
MA
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
NDI
Non-Developmental Item
NDIA
OEI
OID
OPD
OPF
OPP
OT
OUSD/AT&L
P-CMM
PA
Process Area
PAIS
PASS
CMMI
PERT
PI
PMC
PP
PPQA
QFD
QPM
RD
REQM
RSKM
SA-CMM
SAM
SCAMPI
SDMP
SE
Systems Engineering
SE-CMM
SEC
SECAM
SECM
CMMI
SEI
SE/SW
SEPG
SG
Specific Goal
SP
Specific Practice
SPMN
SS
Supplier Sourcing
STSC
SW
Software Engineering
SW-CMM
TS
VAL
VER
WBS
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