E105
E105
E105
Besides the topics that we have already talked about, specifically the
resolution of forces, kinematics, projectile motion, and newtons second law of
motion, there is also friction. Any object that movies in any direction experiences
an opposing force from air or from another body in contact. That force tends to
either slow down or completely stop the motion of that object. That force which
opposes the motion of the object is called as friction. Friction can manifest in either
as a static or kinetic friction. Static friction or frictional resistance is greater to the
point where the body is about to start its motion. Once the body is in motion, a
lesser amount of resistance, this resistance is called the kinetic friction. Usually
when there are friction between two objects, the surface generates sounds, lights,
and heat energy. It can also be referred as the retarding force of even drag force in
the form of air resistance.
Frictional Force is found to be directly proportional to the normal force
which is represented by N which can be mathematically represented as:
f N
f =kN
If the body slides down the incline due to its own weight, the angle between
the horizontal and the incline is called the angle of repose.
If it is along the y-axis it can be represented as: F y =0 , N=W cos
f Wsin
=
, =tan
N Wcos
Thus, the coefficient of friction is equal to the tangent of the angle of repose.
For our experiment 105 entitled Friction. We will need 1.5m string, a meter
stick, a pan, a wooden block, a platform balance, an inclined plane with pulley, and
one set of weights.
We are also asked to clean the surface of the wooden block and plane by
wiping them with a piece of scratch paper or tissue to remove dust and other
particles. We also made sure not to touch the surface we will use in this experiment
so that we can avoid contamination.
(Wblock + Weightadded)
(Wpan + Weightadded)
Coefficient Friction
Wb
Wp
130.8 g
30 g
0.23
170.8 g
35 g
0.20
130.8 g
30 g
0.23
250.8 g
55 g
0.22
290.8 g
60 g
0.21
Coefficient
Friction,
0.22
Average
Determination of the Coefficient of Friction
350
300
290.8
250.8
250
200
Weightpan + Weightadded
150
170.8
130.8
100
50
0
25
30
35
40
45
50
Weightblock + Weightadded
55
60
65
14.41
15.45o
15.15o
15o
14.64o
Based on the gathered data in the experiment, increasing the vertical height
and the horizontal distance will make the coefficient friction a little constant just
like in the first part of the experiment.
For the third part of our experiment which is the determination of maximum
force that causes uniform motion, we first set up the track at an angle of 20o. The
next think we did was to add weights on the pan until there is constant upward
acceleration of the block. We then recorded the weights then using Newtons first
law of motion, determined the theoretical value of the Wp that will cause the block
to slide up at a constant speed,
By summing up forces along x and y- axes, and equating the forces to zero,
the theoretical value of Wp is:
F x =0
W p=f +W b sin; f =N
F x =0
N=W b cos
Therefore,
W p= W h cos +W b sin
We then calculated the Wp using the formula above. It will serve as our AV
or calculated value. We then used the average coefficient from part 1and observed
the value. The picture of the set-up and the table for our graph are as our follows:
TRIAL
1
2
3
13 o
15o
17o
Wp (calculated)
57.46 g
71.08 g
85.87 g
Wp
(experimental)
60 g
70 g
85 g
Percent
Difference
4.42%
1.52%
1.01%
4
5
19o
21o
101 g
118.84 g
100 g
115 g
1%
3.23%
CONCLUSION
To determine the coefficient of friction which is represented by between
the contact surfaces as one body moves with uniform motion. We did the first part
of the experiment. The result of our experiment was 0.23, 0.20, 0.23, and 0.21.
What we did was to set the track horizontally. We then tied the string to the hook of
the block and the other end to the pulley. We then added weights to the pan which
is at 30, 35, 55, and 60 grams. We gave a little push to the block in order to remove
static friction. After that we divided the weight of the pan and the added weights to
the weight of the block and its added weight. And the results are what is writing
above. We also found that if we used the small or the bigger part of the block, there
will still be constant motion. We also found that the weight of the pan and its added
weight is directly proportional to the weight of the block and its added weight. By
getting the average the results of our experiment, we then conclude that the
coefficient of friction between the contact surfaces as one body is equal to 0.22.
To establish the relationship between the angle of repose and coefficient of
friction. All the forces that are involved are being translated with relation to the
surfaces inclination. We know that there is a normal force that pushes down the
object. And if we set the angle of repose as , it will result to two components the
x-axis and the y-axis which will contribute to the object sliding. For the y-axis it is
the Wcos for the x-axis it is the Wsin. The Wsin is parallel to the surface and
Wcos is perpendicular to the surface. Since the system will be in equilibrium,
Wsin is also equal to the frictional force and the Wcos is also equal to the
normal force. If we determine the coefficient of friction, it will result to
F Wsin
=
=tan . We can see now that we can relate coefficient to the tangent of
N Wcos
.
290.8
250.8
250
200
Weightpan + Weightadded
170.8
150
130.8
100
50
0
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Weightblock + Weightadded
Graph:
Slope: 0.196969697
Interpretation: The Weight of the pan and its added weight is directly proportional
to the weight of the block and its added weight.