4 CIRCLE

SOLUTIONS.
GROUP (A)-CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q-1) Find equation of circle in following cases :-

1 3
a) With centre  ,  and radius 3
2 2
Ans. Equation of circle is ,
2 2
 1  3 2
 x −  +  y −  = 3 …. By centre radius form
 2  2
1 9
x 2 − x + + y 2 − 3y + = 9
4 4
10
x 2 + y 2 − x − 3y + −9 = 0
4
5
x 2 + y 2 − x − 3y + − 9 = 0
2
Multiplying by 2
2x 2 + 2y 2 − 2x − 6y + 5 − 18 = 0
2x 2 + 2y 2 − 2x − 6y − 13 = 0

b) With centre ( 2, −3 ) and passing through ( −1,2)

Ans. Let C ≡ ( 2, −3 ) …… centre
P ≡ ( −1,2)
∴ radius = PC
= ( −1 − 2)2 + ( 2 + 3 )3
= 9 + 25
= 34 units
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 2)2 + ( y + 3 )2 = 34 …… Centre Radius form
x 2 − 4x + 4 + y 2 + 6y + 9 − 34 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 6y − 21 = 0

c) With centre ( 5, −4 ) and touching x -axis

Ans. Let C ≡ ( 5, −4 ) ……. centre
If circle is touching x-axis, then its radius
= y − coordinate of the centre
∴ radius = −4
= 4 units
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 5 )2 + ( y + 4 )2 = 16 …. Centre-Radius form

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x 2 − 10x + 25 + y 2 + 8y + 16 = 16
x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 8y + 25 = 0

d) With centre ( −5,2) and touching y -axis

Ans. Let C ≡ ( −5,2) ……. centre
If circle is touching y-axis, then its radius is
given by,
radius = x − coordinate of the centre
∴ radius = −5
= 5 units
∴ equation of circle is,
( x + 5 )2 + ( y − 2)2 = 25 .. Centre-Radius form
x 2 + 10x + 25 + y 2 − 4y + 4 = 25
x 2 + y 2 + 10x − 4y + 4 = 0

e) Having radius 2 and touching y-axis at ( 0, −3 )

Ans. Radius = 2 units
If circle is touching y-axis then its
radius = x − coordinate of the centre
∴ 2 = x − coordinate of the centre
∴ x – coordinate of the centre = ± 2
∴ centre of the circle is ( 2, −3 ) or ( −2, −3 )

i) When centre ( 2, −3 )
equation of circle is,
( x − 2)2 + ( y + 3 )2 = 4 ……… Centre- Radius form
2 2
x − 4x + 4 + y + 6y + 9 − 4 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 6y + 9 = 0
ii) When centre ( −2, −3 )
equation of circle is ,
( x + 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 4 …… Centre- Radius form
x 2 + 4x + 4 + y 2 + 6y + 9 = 4
∴ x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y + 9 = 0

f) Touching both axis and radius 4

Ans. ∵ circle is touching both axis

x − coordinate of y − coordinate of
radius = =
the centre the centre
∴ such four circles are possible having
centres, ( 4,4 ) ( 4, − 4 )( −4,4 )( −4, − 4 ) is,
∴ equation of circle having radius 4 and
2 2
i) centre (4,4) is , ( x − 4 ) + ( y − 4 ) = 16 …… Centre Radius form

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2 2
ii) centre (4,-4) is, ( x − 4 ) + ( y + 4 ) = 16 ……. Centre Radius form
2 2
iii) centre (-4,4) is, ( x + 4 ) + ( y − 4 ) = 16 …….. Centre Radius form
2 2
iv) centre (-4,-4) is, ( x + 4 ) + ( y + 4 ) = 16 ……. Centre Radius form

g) Passing through origin and having intercepts 6 and -4 on coordinate axes.

Ans. Let circle cuts x-axis at a and y-axis at B.
∵ circle has x-intercept 6
∴ A ≡ ( 6,0 )
And circle has y – intercept -4
∴ B ≡ ( 0, −4 )
∵ ∠AOB = 900
∴ AB is diameter of circle
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 6 )( x − 0 ) + ( y − 0 )( y + 4 ) = 0 …… Diameter form
x 2 − 6x + y 2 + 4y = 0
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 4y = 0
h) Having ( −1,2) and ( 3, −4 ) as end points of diameter
Ans. As ( −1,2) and ( 3, −4 ) as end points of diameter,
∴ equation of circle by diameter form is,
( x + 1)( x − 3 ) + ( y − 2)( y + 4 ) = 0
x 2 − 3x + x − 3 + y 2 + 4y − 2y − 8 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y − 11 = 0

i) Passing through ( 4,6 ) , ( −3,5 ) and ( 5, −1)

Ans. Let A ≡ ( 4,6 ) , B ≡ ( −3,5 ) and C ≡ ( 5, −1)
Let P ( h,k ) be the centre of the circle
∴ PA = PB …… radius

( h − 4)2 + ( k − 6)2 = ( h + 3 )2 + ( k − 5 )2
Squaring
h2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 12k + 36 = h2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 10k + 25
−14h − 2h = 34 − 52
−14h − 2k = −18
Dividing by -2
7h + k = 9 ……. (i)
PA = PC ….. radius
( h − 4)2 + ( k − 6)2 = ( h − 5 )2 + ( k + 1)2
Squaring both side.
h2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 12k + 36 = h2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 + 2k + 1
2h − 14k = 26 − 52
2h − 14k = −26
h − 7k = −13 ……..(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 7 and adding equation (ii) in it,

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49h + 7k = 63
h − 7k = −13
50h = 50
h = 1
Substituting h = 1 in equation (i)
7+k=9
k=2
∴ centre is P ≡ (1,2)

∴ Radius = PA = ( h − 4 )2 + ( k − 6 )2
= (1 − 4 )2 + ( 2 − 6 )2
= 9 + 16
= 5 units
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 1)2 + ( y − 2)2 = 25
x 2 − 2x + 1 + y 2 − 4y + 4 = 25
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y − 20 = 0

j) Passing through (1, −4 ) and ( 5,2) having the line x − 2y + 9 = 0 passing through
centre
Ans. Let A ≡ (1, −4 ) and B ≡ ( 5,2)
Let C (h, k) be the centre of circle.
∴ h − 2k + 9 = 0 …… (i)
CA = CB ……. Radius
( h − 1)2 + ( k + 4 )2 = ( h − 5 )2 + ( k − 2)2
Squaring ,
h2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 + 8k + 16 = h2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 − 4k + 4
8h + 12k = 29 − 17
8h + 12k = 12
2h + 3k = 3 ……..(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and subtracting equation (ii) from it.
2h − 4k = − 18
2h + 3k = 3
− 7k = − 21
k = 3
h − 6 + 9 = 0 ……. Substituting k = 3 in equation (i)
h = −3
∴ centre is C ≡ ( −3,3 )

Radius = CA = ( h − 1)2 + ( k + 4 )2
= 16 + 49
= 65
∴ equation of circle is,
2
( x + 3 )2 + ( y − 3 )2 = ( 65 ) ……. Centre-radius form

x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 − 6y + 9 = 65

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x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y + 18 − 65 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 47 = 0

k) With centre at (1, −2) and touching the line 4x − 3y + 5 = 0

Ans. Let C ≡ (1, −2)
As circle is touching 4x − 3y + 5 = 0
∴ radius =⊥r distance between (1, −2) and
4x − 3y + 5 = 0

4 ( +1) − 3 ( −2) + 5
=
2
42 + ( −3 )

+4 + 6 + 5 15
= = =3
25 5
∴ radius = 3
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 32 ….. centre-radius form
x 2 − 2x + 1 + y 2 + 4y + 4 = 9
x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y − 4 = 0

Q-2) Find centre and radius of the following circle.

a) 3x 2 + 3y 2 + 6x + 4y − 3 = 0
Ans. 3x 2 + 3y 2 + 6x + 4y − 3 = 0
dividing by 3
4
x 2 + y 2 + 2x + y − 1 = 0
3
Comparing with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
∴ 2g = 2 ∴ g =1
4 2
2f = ∴f =
3 3
c = -1
∴ centre of the circle is ( −g, −f )
 2
i.e.  −1, − 
 3
Radius is,
4 22
r = g2 + f 2 − c = 1 + +1 =
9 9
22
r= units
3

b) ( x − 5 )( x − 3 ) + ( y − 1)( y − 7 ) = 0
Ans. x 2 − 5x − 3x + 15 + y 2 − 7y − y + 7 = 0

x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 8y + 22 = 0
Comparing above equation with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2g = −8 ∴g = −4 2f = −8 ∴ f = −4 c = 22
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∴ centre ≡ ( −g, −f ) ≡ ( 4,4 )

radius = g 2 + f 2 − c = 16 + 16 − 22 = 10 units

Q-3) Find the values of b, h, k if the equation 2x 2 + hxy + by 2 + 4x − 6y + k = 0 represents a

circle of radius 1 unit
Ans. Equation of circle, 2x 2 + hxy + by 2 + 4x − 6y + k = 0
h b k
x 2 + xy + y 2 + 2x − 3y + = 0
2 2 2
2 2
For circle i) coeff. of x = coeff.of y
b
∴1 =
2
b=2
h
ii) coeff . of xy = 0 ∴ =0 ∴h = 0
2
∴ equation of circle becomes
k
x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 3y +
=0
2
Comparing with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
−3 k
2g = 2 ∴ g = 1 2f = −3 ∴ f = c=
2 2
∵ radius = 1
g2 + f 2 − c = 1
g2 + f 2 − c = 1
9 k
1+ − =1
4 2
−k −9
=
2 4
9
k=
2
9
∴b = 2 , h = 0 , k =
2

Q-4) Find equations of three diameters of circle x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 i) passing

through origin ii)  to x-axis iii)  to y-axis.
Ans. Comparing x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
3
2g = 3 ∴g = 2f = 4 ∴f = 2
2
c=2
 3 
∴ centre ≡ ( −g, −f ) ≡  − , −2 
 2 
i) equation of diameter passing through origin is
y −0 0 − ( −2)
= ……….using two-point form (origin and centre)
x − 0 0 − −3 ( 2 )
y 2
=
x 3
2

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y 4
=
x 3
∴ 3y = 4x
4x − 3y = 0
ii) equation of diameter  to x-axis,
y = a ie y = -2 …… (centre’s y-coordinate)
y+2=0
iii) equation of diameter  to y-axis
−3
x = a ie. x = ……..(centre’s x-coordinate)
2
2x + 3 = 0

Q-5) Find equation of circle concentric with the circle x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y + 11 = 0 and

touching the line 3x − y = 3
Ans. Comparing x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y + 11 = 0 with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2g = 6 ∴g =3
2f = 4 ∴ f = 2 c = 11
∴ centre ≡ ( −g, −f ) ≡ ( −3, −2)
∵ circle is touching the line 3x − y = 3
∴ radius =⊥r distance between centre ( −3, −2 ) and 3x − y = 3
3 ( −3 ) − ( −2) − 3
=
9 +1
−9 + 2 − 3 −10
= =
10 10
Radius = 10 units.
∴ equation of circle is,
( x + 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 10 …… centre-Radius form
x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 + 4y + 4 − 10 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y + 3 = 0

Q-6) Find the equation of the circle whose centre lie on the line 4x + 3y = 6 and which
touch the line x + y + 3 = 0 and 7x − y − 3 = 0
Ans. Let c(h. k) be the centre of the circle
∴ 4h + 3k = 6 ……(i) [As centre lie on 4h + 3k = 6 ]
∵ circle is touching lines x + y + 3 = 0 and 7x − y − 3 = 0
∴ ⊥r distance between c(h, k) and =⊥r distance between c(h,k) and …. Radius
x + y + 3 = 0 and 7x − y − 3 = 0
h+k+3 7h − k − 3
=
2 49 + 1
h+k+3 7h − k − 3
=±
2 5 2
5h + 5k + 15 = ± ( 7h − k − 3 )
∴ 5h + 5k + 15 = 7h − k − 3 or 5h + 5k + 15 = −7h + k + 3
−2h + 6k = −18 or 12h + 4k = −12
∴ h − 3k = 9 ………… (ii)
3h + k = −3 ………… (iii)
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Solving equations (i) and (ii),

4h + 3k = 6
h − 3k = 9
5h = 15
h =3
Substituting h = 3 in equation …….. (ii)
3 − 3k = 6
−3k = 6
k = −2
∴ centre ≡ ( 3, −2)
Solving equations (i) and (iii)
Multiplying equation (iii) by 3 and subtracting (i) from it,
9h + 3k = − 9
4h + 3k = − 6
5h = − 15
h = −3
Substituting h = −3 in equation (iii)
−9 + k = −3
k=6
∴ centre ≡ ( −3,6 )
When centre ≡ ( 3, −2)
h+k+3 3−2+3
Radius = = =2 2
2 2
Equation of circle,
2
( x − 3 )2 + ( y + 2)2 = ( 2 2 ) …….centre-Radius form

x 2 − 6x + 9 + y 2 + 4y + 4 = 8
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 4y + 5 = 0
When centre ( −3,6 )
h+k+3 −3 + 6 + 3 6
Radius = = = =3 2
2 2 2
∴ equation of circle,
2
( x + 3 )3 + ( y − 6 )2 = ( 3 2 ) …… centre-radius form

x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 − 12y + 36 = 18
x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 12y + 27 = 0 ……. Equation of circle

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Q-7) Find the equation of circle passing through ( −1, −3 ) and touching the line
4x + 3y − 12 = 0 at point ( 3,0 )
Ans. Let A ≡ ( −1, −3 ) and B ≡ ( 3,0 )
Let C (h, k) be the centre
∴ C A = C B ……. Radii

( h + 1)2 + ( k + 3 )2 = ( h − 3 )2 + k 2
h2 + 2h + 1 + k 2 + 6k + 9 = h2 − 6h + 9 + k 2
8h + 6k = −1 ……… (i)
∵ Slope of 4x + 3y -12 = 0 X slope of CB = –1

−4 k
× = −1
3 h−3
−4k
= −1
3h − 9
−4k = −3h + 9
3h − 4k = 9 ………..(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and equation (ii) by 3 and adding them.
16h + 12k = − 2
9h − 12k = 27
25h = 25
h = 1
Substituting h = 1 in (i)
8 + 6k = −1
6k = −9
k = −9
6
k= − 3
2
(
∴ centre ≡ 1, −3
2 )
∴ Radius = ( h − 3 )2 + k 2
9 9
= ( −2)2 + = 4+
4 4
25
=
4
= 5
2
∴ equation of circle is,
2
( x − 1)2 +  y +
3 25
 = …….. centre-radius form
 2 4
9 25
x 2 − 2x + 1 + y 2 + 3y + − =0
4 4
x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 3y + 1 − 4 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 3y − 3 = 0

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Q-8) Find length of intercept made by circle x 2 + y 2 − 5x + 13y − 14 = 0 on coordinate axes.

Ans. Equation of circle x 2 + y 2 − 5x + 13y − 14 = 0 …….. (i)
Equation of x-axis, y = 0 …….. (ii)
solving (i) and (ii),
x 2 − 5x − 14 = 0
( x + 2)( x − 7 ) = 0
x = −2 or x = 7
∴ A ≡ ( −2,0 ) and B ≡ ( 7,0 )
∴ l ( AB ) = 7 − ( −2) = 9
∴ x-intercept = 9 units.
Equation of y-axis, x = 0 …………… (iii)
Solving (i) and (iii)
y 2 + 13y − 14 = 0
( y + 14 )( y − 1) = 0
y = −14 or y = 1
∴ C ≡ ( 0, −14 ) and D ≡ ( 0,1)
∴ l ( CD) = 1 − ( −4 ) = 15
∴ y-intercept = 15 units
∴ x-intercept = 9 and y-intercept = 15

Q-9) Find the length of intercept made by the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 8y − 50 = 0 on the line
2x + y − 5 = 0
Ans. Equation of circle is , x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 8y − 50 = 0 …. … (i)
Equation of line is 2x + y − 5 = 0
y = 5 − 2x ……… (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
2
x 2 + ( 5 − 2x ) − 6x − 8 ( 5 − 2x ) − 50 = 0
x 2 + 25 − 20x + 4x 2 − 6x − 40 + 16x − 50 = 0
5x 2 − 10x − 65 = 0
x 2 − 2x − 13 = 0
2 ± 4 + 52 2 ± 2 14
x= =
2 2
x = 1 ± 14
(
∴ y = 5 − 2 1 ± 14 )
y = 3 ∓ 2 14
(
∴ A ≡ 2 + 14,3 − 2 14 ) (
B ≡ 1 − 14,3 + 2 14 )
∴ intercept = l ( AB )
2 2
= {(1 + ) (
14 − 1 − 14 )} + {(3 − 2 14 ) − (3 − 2 14 )}
2 2
= (2 14 ) + ( −4 14 )
Intercept = 4 (14 ) + 16 (14 )
= 20 × 14
= 4 × 5 × 14 = 2 70 units
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Q-10) A circle cuts of intercept of length 6 from the line 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 . If centre of the
circle is ( 3,2) . Find its equation
Ans. Let C ≡ ( 3,2)
Let circle cuts line 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 at points A
and B
∴ l ( AB ) = 6 …….. given
Let CM ⊥ AB ∴ AM ≡ BM ≡ 3
4 ( 3 ) + 3 ( 2) + 2 12 + 6 + 2 20
CM = = =
16 + 9 5 5

CM = 4 units
In ∆CAM , by pythagoras thm,
CA 2 = CM2 + AM2
= 16 + 9
= 25
CA = 5 ……….. radius
∴ equation of circle is,
( x − 3)2 + ( y − 2)2 = 25 ….. centre-radius form
x 2 − 6x + 9 + y 2 − 4y + 4 − 25 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 4y − 12 = 0

Q-11) Find whether the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 8y − 23 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 10y + 19 = 0 touch

each other. State with reasons whether they touch each other internally or
externally. Find the coordinate of their point of contact.
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 8y − 23 = 0
2g = 2 ∴ g = 1 , 2f = 8 ∴ f = 4
∴ C = −23
∴ centre ≡ ( −g,f ) , C1 ≡ ( −1, −4 )
Radius =
= g 2 + f 2 − c = 1 + 16 − ( −23 ) = 40
For x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 10y + 19 = 0
2g = −4 ∴ g = −2 2f = −10 . ∴ f = −5
∴ C2 ( 2, −5 )

Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
= 4 + 25 − 19 = 10

l ( C1C2 ) = ( −1 − 2)2 + ( −4 − 5 )2
= 9 + 81
= 90
2
l ( C1C2 ) = 90
2
l ( r1 ) + ( r2 )  = r12 + 2r1 .r2 + r22
= 40 + 2 40 10 + 10
= 50 + 2 400
= 50 + 2 × 20
= 90
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2 2
∴ l ( C1C2 )  = l ( r1 ) + ( r2 ) 
∴ circles are touching each other externally.
Let P be the point of contact.
P divides C1C2 internally in the ratio 40 : 10 .
40 × 2 − 10 × 1 10 10
x1 = = = =1
40 − 10 2 10 − 10 10
40 × 5 − 10 × 4 2 10 × 5 − 10 × 4 6 10
y1 = = =6
40 − 10 2 10 − 10 10
∴ point of contact ≡ (1,6 )

GROUP (B)-CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q-1) Find the equation of tangent and normal to the following circle.
a) x 2 + y 2 = 25 at (3,4)
Ans. Differentiating x 2 + y 2 = 25 w.r.t. x,
dy
2x + 2y =0
dx
dy − x
=
dx y
dy −3
At point (3,4), =
dx 4
∴ slope of the tangent at (3, 4) to the given circle is

−3
m=
4
∴ equation of tangent is of the form y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
−3
y−4= ( x − 3)
4
4y − 16 = −3x + 9
3x + 4y = 25 ………. Slope of tangent x slope of normal = −1
4
Slope of normal is .
3
Equation of normal is,
4
y − 4 = ( x − 3)
3
3y − 12 = 4x − 12
4x − 3y = 0

b) x 2 + y 2 + 5x − 3y − 4 = 0
Ans. Differentiating w.r.t. x,
dy dy
2x + 2y +5−3 =0
dx dx
dy
( 2y − 3) = − 2x − 5
dx
dy − ( 2x + 5 )
=
dx 2y − 3

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dy − ( 2 + 5 )
At point (1,2) = = −7
dx 4−3
m = −7
∴ equation of tangent is,
y − 2 = −7 ( x − 1)
y − 2 = −7x + 7
7x + y = 9
Slope of normal is 1
7
Equation of normal is,
1
y − 2 = ( x − 1)
7
7y − 14 = x − 1
x − 7y + 13 = 0

Q-2) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 5 from the point ( −4,2)
Also find the acute angle between the tangents.
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = 5
a = 5 ….. radius
Equation of tangent is
y = mx ± a m2 + 1
y = mx ± 5 m2 + 1
∵ tangent is drawn from ( −4,2) ,

2 = −4m ± 5 m2 + 1
2 + 4m = ± 5 m2 + 1
Squaring both sides.
4 + 16m + 16m2 = 5 m2 + 1 ( )
4 + 16m + 16m2 − 5m2 − 5 = 0
11m2 + 16m − 1 = 0
−16 ± 256 + 44
m=
22
−16 ± 300 −16 ± 10 3
m= =
2 2
m = −8 ± 5 3

tan θ =
m1 − m2
=
(
−8 + 5 3 − −8 − 5 3) ( )
1 + m1m2 (
1 + −8 + 5 3 −8 − 5 3 )( )
10 3 10 3
= =
1 + ( 64 − 25 × 3 ) −10
tan θ = 3
θ = 600
equation of tangent are,
y – 2 = (-8 ± 5 3 )( x + 4)

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Q-3) Show that the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 10 from point (4,2) are ⊥r to each
other
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = 10
a = 10 ……… radius
Equation of tangent is,
y = mx ± a m2 + 1
y = mx ± 10 m2 + 1
∵ tangents are drawn from (4,2)
2 = 4m ± 10 m2 + 1
2 − 4m = ± 10 m2 + 1
Squaring,
( 2 − 4m )2 = 10 ( m2 + 1)
4 − 16m + 16m2 = 10m2 + 10
6m2 − 16m − 6 = 0
3m2 − 8m − 3 = 0
3m2 − 9m + m − 3 = 0
3m ( m − 3 ) + 1( m − 3 ) = 0
( 3m + 1)( m − 3 ) = 0
∴ m = −1 or m = 3
3
∴ slopes of tangents are −1 and 3.
3
∴ Product of slopes = -1
∴ tangents drawn from (4, 2) to the circle
∴ x 2 + y 2 = 10 are ⊥r to each other.

Q-4) Show that the line x − 3y + 27 = 0 is a tangent to the circle

x 2 + y 2 + 8x − 2y − 23 = 0 .
Ans. Comparing x 2 + y 2 + 8x − 2y − 23 = 0 with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2g = 8 ∴ g = 4
2f = -2 ∴ f = -1 c = -23
∴ centre ≡ ( −4,1)

Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
= 16 + 1 − ( −23 )
= 403
= 2 10 units
r
∴ ⊥ distance between x − 3y + 27 = 0 and centre (-4,1) is,
−4 − 3 + 27
1+ 9
20
=
10
= 2 10 units
= radius
∴ line x − 3y + 27 = 0 is tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 8x − 2y − 23 = 0
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Q-5) Find K, if the line x + y + k = 0 is tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 2y + 3 = 0

Ans. For x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 2y + 3 = 0
2g = -4 ∴ g = -2
2f = 2 ∴ f = 1 c =3
∴ centre ≡ ( −g, −f ) ≡ ( 2, −1)

Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
= 4 +1− 3
= 2 units.
∵ line x + y + k = 0 tangent to the circle,
∴ ⊥r distance between x + y + k = 0 and centre(2,-1) is equal to radius,
2 −1 + k
= 2
1+1
1+ k
= 2
2
1 + k = ±2
K = -3 or k = 1

Q-6) Show that the line 3x − 4y + 6 = 0 is a tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 .

Also find point of contact.
Ans. Equation of circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 …….. (i)
Equation of line 3x − 4y + 6 = 0
3x = 4y − 6
4y − 6
x= ……. (ii)
3
Solving (i) and (ii),
2
 4y − 6  2  4y − 6 
  + y − 2  − 2y + 1 = 0
 3   3 
16y 2 − 48y + 36
+ y2 −
( 8y − 12) − 2y + 1 = 0
9 3
2 2
16y − 48y + 36 + 9y − 24y + 36 − 18y + 9 = 0
25y 2 − 90y + 81 = 0
(5y − 9)2 = 0
9
y=
5
9
4× − 6
∴ x= 5
3
36 − 30
x=
15
6 2
x= x=
15 5
∴ line 3x − 4y + 6 = 0 is tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 as only one point
is common between line and circle
2 9
Point of contact ≡  , 
5 5

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 64

Q-7) Find the equations of tangents to x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 8y − 23 = 0 which has slope 3.

Ans. For x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 8y − 23 = 0
2g = 2 ∴ g = -1
2f = 8 ∴ f = 4 c = -23
∴ centre ≡ (-g, -f) ≡ (1, -4)
Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
= 1 + 16 − ( −28 )
= 40 units
Equation of tangent is,
y = 3x + c ………. Slope = 3
3x − y + c = 0 ……… (i)
∴ ⊥r distance between tangent and centre (1, -4) is equal to radius,

7 + c = ± 20
c = 13 or c = -27
∴ equations of tangents are 3x − y + 13 = 0 and 3x − y − 27 = 0

Q-8) Find equations of tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 8y − 28 = 0 from the point

(8, -3)
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 8y − 28 = 0
2g = -2 ∴ g = -1 2f = 8 ∴ f =4 c = -23
∴ centre ≡ (-g, -f) ≡ (1, -4)
Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
= 1 + 16 + 23
= 40 units
∴ equation of tangent drawn from (8, -3) is,
y + 3 = m ( x − 8)
y + 3 = mx − 8m
mx − y − 3 − 8m = 0 ……… (i)
∴ ⊥r distance between tangent mx − y − 3 − 8m = 0 and centre (1,-4) is equal to
radius.
m + 4 − 3 − 8m
= 40
m2 + 1
1 − 7m
= 40
2
m +1

Squaring
(1 − 7m )2= 40
m2 + 1
1 − 14m + 49m2 = 40m2 + 40
9m2 − 14m − 39 = 0
9m2 − 27m + 13m − 39 = 0
9m ( m − 3 ) + 13 ( m − 3 ) = 0
( 9m + 13) . ( m − 3) = 0
−13
m= or m = 3
9

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65 Mahesh Tutorials Science

∴ equations of tangents are,

−13 −13 −13
i) x − y −3 −8× =0 when m =
9 9 9
−13 104
x − y −3+ =0
9 9
−13x − 9y − 27 + 104 = 0
13x + 9y − 77 = 0
ii) 3x − y − 3 − 24 = 0 when m = 3
3x − y − 27 = 0

Q-9) If l x + my + n = 0 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 then prove that n2 = a 2 l 2 + m2 . ( )

Also find the point of contact.
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ,
Centre ≡ (0,0), Radius = a
If l x + my + n = 0 is tangent to the circle then, ⊥r distance between l x + my + n = 0 and
centre (0,0) is equal to radius,
0+0+n
=a
l 2 + m2
n2
2 2
= a2
l +m
n2 = a 2 l 2 + m2 ( ) ……… condition
Hence proved
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ……… (i)
l x + my + n = 0
l x = −my − n
−my − n
x= ……. (ii)
l
Solving (i) and (ii),
( −my − n )2 = a2
2
l
m y + 2mny + n2 + l 2 y 2 = l 2a 2
2 2

( m + l ) y + 2mny + n − l a = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

( m + l ) y + 2mny + n − l a = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

( m + l ) y + 2mny + a (l + m ) − l
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a =0 ∵ n2 = a 2 l2 + m2 
( )
 
( m + l ) y + 2mny + a m = 0
2 2 2 2 2

n2
y 2 + 2mny + a 2m2 = 0x ∵  n2 = a 2 l 2 + m2 
( )
a2  
n2 y 2 + 2mna 2 y + a 4m2 = 0
( ny + a m) = 0 2

−a 2m
y=
n

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 66

 a 2m 
−m  −n
 n 
∴ x= ……… from (ii)
l
a m − n2
2 2
x=
ln
a 2m2 − a 2l − a 2m2
=
n
−a 2l
=
n
 −a 2l −a 2m 
∴ Point of contact =  , 
 n n 


Q-10) If two tangents from the point P to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 have an inclination of
α and β such that cot α + cot β = 5 . Find the equations of locus of P.
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ,
Centre ≡ (0,0)
Radius = a units
Equation of tangent to the circle is,
y = mx ± a m2 + 1
Let tangent be drawn from P ( x1, y1 )
∴ y1 = mx1 ± a m2 + 1
y1 − mx1 = ±a m2 + 1
Squaring both sides,
( y1 − mx1 )2 = a 2 ( m2 + 1)
y12 − 2mx1y1 + m2 x12 = a 2m2 + a 2
y12 − 2mx1y1 + m2 x12 − a 2m2 − a 2 = 0
(x1
2
) ( )
− a 2 m2 − 2x1y1m + y12 − a 2 = 0
Let above quadratic equations has roots m1 and m2 , which are slopes of tangents
2x1y1
∴ m1 + m2 = and
x12 − a 2
y12 − a 2
m1 m2 =
x12 − a 2
∵ tangents has inclinations α and β
∴ their slopes are tan α and tan β
∴ m1 = tan α and m2 = cot β = 5
If cot α + cot β = 5
1 1
+ =5
tan α tan β
1 1
+ =5
m1 m2
m1 + m2
=5
m1m2

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2x1y1
∴ =5
y12 − a 2
2x1y1 = 5y12 − 5a 2
∴ equation of locus of point P is,
5y 2 − 2xy = 5a 2

Q-11) Show that the locus of a point the tangents from which to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2

( )
include a constant angle α ie x 2 + y 2 − 2a 2 tan α = 2 x 2 + y 2 − a 2
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ,
Centre ≡ (0, 0)
Radius = a
Let tangents drawn from point P ( x1, y1 )
touches the circle at points A and B.
∠APB = α ………….. given
If C is centre of the circle, then in ∆CAP
and ∆CBP ,
CA = CB ………. Radii
CP is common
PA = PB …. Tangents drawn from a point
α α CA
∴ ∆CAP ≅ ∠CPB = tan 3 tan =
2 2 AP
α a CA = a ......radius 
tan =  
2 x12 + y12 − a 2  AP = x12 + y12 − a 2 .....length of tan gents 
In ∆CAP,
α
2 tan
∴ tan α = 2
α
1 − tan2
2
2a
x12 + y12 − a 2
∴ tan α =
a2
1−
x12 + y12 − a 2
2a
x12 + y12 − a 2
tan α =
x12 + y12 − 2a 2
x12 + y12 − a 2
2a x12 + y12 − a 2
tan α = ×
x12 + y12 − a 2 x12 − + y12 − 2a 2

∴ (x 1
2
)
+ y12 − 2a 2 tan α = 2a x12 + y12 − a 2
∴ equation of locus of P ( x1, y1 ) D is,

(x 2
)
+ y 2 − 2a 2 tanα = 2a x12 + y12 − a 2

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Q-12) Tangents are drawn from points P(3,4) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 touch it at Q and
R. O is the centre of the circle. Find the area of OQPR .
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = 16
a=4
∴ centre is O = (0,0) and radius = 4
P ≡ ( 3,4 )
In OQPR ,
OQ = OR = 4 …….. radius
QP = RP = 9 + 16 − 16 = 3
In ∆OQP,
1
A ( ∆OQP ) = OQ × PQ
2
1
= ×3×4
2
=6
∴ Area of OQPR = 12 units

Q-13) If the lengths of the tangents from the points P to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 7 and
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 8 = 0 are equal find locus of P.
Ans. Let l1 and l2 be the lengths of tangents drawn from P ( x1, y1 ) to x 2 + y 2 = 7 and
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 8 = 0 respectively
∴ l1 = x12 + y12 − 7
l2 = x12 + y12 − 6x1 + 2y1 + 8
∵ l1 = l2
l12 = l 22
x12 + y12 − 7 = x12 + y12 − 6x1 + 2y1 + 8
6x1 − 2y1 = 15
∴ locus of point P is 6x − 2y = 15

Q-14) Show that locus of point of intersection of the tangents to x 2 + y 2 = a 2 at points

α
whose parameters differ by α is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 sec2
2
Ans. 2 2
For circle x + y = a , 2

Centre ≡ (0,0)
Radius = a
Let tangents drawn from P ( x1y1 )
Touches the circle at points A and B.
∵ parameters of A and B differ by α ,
∴ ∠AOB = α
In ∆POA and ∆POB
OP is common.
OA = OB ……… radii
PA = PB …….. tangents
α
∴ ∠POA = ∠POB =
2
In ∠POA ,
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69 Mahesh Tutorials Science

α OA
cos =
2 OP
α OP
sec =
2 OA
α x12 + y12
sec = [∵OA = a ......radius ]
2 a
α
a 2 sec2
= x12 + y12
2
∴ equation of locus of P is.
α
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 sec2
2

Q-15) The perpendiculars are drawn from (6,0) to the tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 2 .
Show that equation of the locus of the foot of the perpendicular is
2
(x 2
+ y 2 − 6x ) (
= 2 x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 36 )
Ans. For x 2 + y 2 = 2
Centre is o ≡ (0,0)
Radius = 2
Equation of tangent to x 2 + y 2 = 2,
y = mx ± 2 m2 + 1 ………. (i)
r
Equation of ⊥ drawn from (6,0) to tangents,
1
y − 0 = ( x − 6)
m
my = − x + 6
6−x
m= ………. (ii)
y
Solving (i) and (ii),
6−x
y=
( 6 − x )2 + 1
x ± 2
 y  y2

6x − x 2 36 − 12x + x 2 + y 2
y= ± 2
y y
y 2 = 6x − x 2 ± 2 x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 36

x 2 − 6x + y 2 = ± 2 x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 36
Squaring both sides,
(x 2
) (
− 6x + y 2 = 2 x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 36 ) …. Locus of foot of ⊥r drawn from (6,0) on
tangent

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