Design of Members With Axial Load and Moment: University of Sheffield Department of Civil & Structural Engineering

BS5950:Part1:200
Design of members
with Axial Load and Moment
University of Sheffield
Aim
BS5950:Part1:200
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consider the approach to members subject to axial load

and bending adopted in BS 5950 Part 1
consider the background theory where it is relevant to
the understanding of the approach adopted
recognise that the design of such members will be
influenced by
method of frame analysis
shape of the cross section used
type of restraint provided.
Must not fail due to.
BS5950:Part1:200
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Local buckling
Inadequate local capacity
(tension or compression and or bending))
Overall buckling
1.
2.
3.
4.
major or minor axis buckling due to axial load

major axis buckling due to major axis bending + axial load
minor axis buckling due to minor axis bending + axial load
minor axis buckling due to major axis bending + axial load
Section classification
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t
d
Plastic section
Compact section
b/t < 9
d/t < 80
1 + r1
b/t < 10
when r 2 > 0 d/t < 100
1 + 1.5 r 1
when r 2 < 0 d/t < 100
1+r1
but > or equal to 40

Where
For universal beam and column sections with equal flanges
Fc
Fc
r =
r2 =
1
d t py
Ag p
y
These factors vary for different shapes of section

University
of Sheffield
275
py
Semi - compact section

b/t < 15
d/t < 120

1+ 2.0 r
Local capacity
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Failure due to inadequate local capacity can

occur in either tension or compression
Where buckling is not a possibility the formulae
are almost identical
Tension
Ft M x M y
Compression
Pt
M cx
M cy
Fc
Mx My
1
Ag p y M cx M cy
Assumes failure @ yield

addition of stresses due to
axial load and bending should
not exceed yield
Class 1 and 2 x/sections use
a plastic distribution of stress
Class3 and 4 x/sections
sections use an elastic
distribution of stress
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Alternatively
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for both tension and compression plus moment

class 1 or 2 UB or UC
Mx
M
rx
z1
My
z2
M ry
Mrx and Mry are the plastic moment

capacity in the presence of axial
load.
z1 and z2 are empirical

values varying for the
type of section.
z1 = 2.0 for UB, UC, CHS
z1 = 5/3 for RHS
z2 = 1.0 for UB,UC
z2 = 2.0 for CHS
z2 = 5/3 for RHS
Reduction in plastic modulus
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Accurate values given

in section tables
Approximate formulae
given in Appendix J
T
a
d
a
P
a = 2.t.py
t
S
rx
d T d
BT a
2 2 2
d

a a /2
2

Compare the expressions

Mx
M
rx
F
t
P
t
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z1
My
z2
M ry
Ft M x M y
1
Pt M cx M cy
M
cx
Tension members
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Generally not susceptible to buckling as axial

tension prevents failure due to buckling caused
by bending
Theoretically possible to take account of this
beneficial effect - expressions are complex
Check bending effects independently - member
treated as a laterally unrestrained beam
Do this even when the tension and bending
effects cannot occur independently
Compression simplified method

P
P
My
Mx
My
Mx
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Combined gives:
Fc m x M x m y M y
1
Pc
py Z x
pyZ y
Pc min of Agpcx and Agpcy

P
y
mx and my equivalent
uniform moment factors
Fc + m x M x
Ag p cx
py Zx
Fc + my M y
Ag p cy
py Zy
Compression members
- simplified method
P
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analogous to lateral torsional

buckling in beams
column buckles in a mode
involving twisting and minor
axis bending.
Mx
Mx
Pcy because
considering
buckling about the
minor axis.
significant for I and H

sections buckling at low axial
P
loads.
not relevant for tubular
sections which are not liable
Fc m LT M x m y M y
to suffer from lateral torsional
1
buckling.
Pcy
Mb
pyZ y
More exact approach

- moments about major axis
F
M
Fd
Secondary
Moment
Primary
Moment
amplification
M
Moment
factor allows for
diagram
F
Deflected
additional
shape
moment created
Fc m x M x
Fc
1 0.5 1 by axial load at

Pcx
M cx
Pcx
an eccentricity
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LTB due to axial load and Mx
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Fc mLT M x
1
Pc y
Mb
In this case the amplification effect is less
significant as the axial load is likely to be much
less than the major axis strength.
Moments about minor axis

Fc m y M y
Py
M cy
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Fc
1
1
Pcy
In this case the amplification is more significant

than about the major axis and the full value is
used.
Buckling about x-x due to My

m xy M y
Fc
0 .5
1
Pc x
M cy
BS5950:Part1:200
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The amplification factor is negligible and the

effect of the minor axis moment is small.
Moments about both axes

For major axis buckling
Fc mx M x
Pcx
M cx
BS5950:Part1:200
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mxy M y
Fc
1
1 0.5 0.5
Pcx
M cy
For lateral torsional buckling
For interactive buckling
Fc mLT M x m y M y
Pc y
Mb
M cy
Fc
1
1
Pcy
m x M x (1 0.5 Fc / Pcx m y M y (1 Fc / Pcy )
1
M cx (1 Fc / Pcx )
M cy (1 Fc / Pcy )
Effect of moment shape

F
M
M
Primary Moment
Primary Moment
BS5950:Part1:200
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F
Secondary
Moment
Primary Moment
Secondary
Moment
F
F
Secondary
Moment
bM
M
F
= +1.0
Single curvature
bending
M
F
= -1.0
Double curvature
bending
= +1.0
As applied moment tends towards double curvature,

the secondary effects become less directly additive
BS5950:Part1:200
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As a result the interaction expression plots

increasingly higher
1.0
F
Ag. Py
Strength i nteraction - zero

slenderness
Column strength
P=Pcr
M/My
1.0
BS5950:Part1:200
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This change in the relationship can be

represented by using an equivalent uniform
moment factor m (very similar to that used for
lateral torsional buckling of beams).
Table 26 gives values and formula which can be
used for all three modes of combined bending
and axial load.
Design Summary
BS5950:Part1:200
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For axial load and bending, check

1. Cross-section capacity
For tension
Ft
Pt
For compression
Mx
M cx
My
M cy
Fc
A gp y
More exactly for class

1 and 2
1
M
M cx
My
M cy
M
x
z1
M rx
1
z2
M
y
ry
Design Summary
BS5950:Part1:200
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2. Buckling
Tension check cross-section capacity under tension and
moments (4.8.2.2 or 3) and buckling under moments
alone (4.3).
Compression check both
Fc m x M x m y M y
1
Pc
pyZ x
pyZ y
Fc m LT M x m y M y
1
Pcy
Mb
pyZ y
Buckling about either axis due to

axial load and bending
Buckling about the minor axis due to
major axis bending and axial load
Design Summary
Major axis moments only check
Fc m x M x
Pcx
M cx
Fc
1 0.5 1
Pcx
Fc mLT M x
1
Pc y
Mb
BS5950:Part1:200
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Design Summary
Minor axis moments only check
Fc m y M y
Py
M cy
Fc
1
1
Pcy
m xy M y
Fc
0 .5
1
Pc x
M cy
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Design summary
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Axial load plus bi-axial moments

Fc mx M x
Pcx
M cx
mxy M y
Fc
1
1 0.5 0.5
Pcx
M cy
Fc mLT M x m y M y
Pc y
Mb
M cy
Fc
1
1
Pcy
m x M x (1 0.5Fc / Pcx m y M y (1 Fc / Pcy )
1
M cx (1 Fc / Pcx )
M cy (1 Fc / Pcy )
BS5950:Part1:200
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Special cases
Tubular members
see 4.8.3.3.3
LTB may not be a problem
Columns in simple structures

see 4.7.7
special simplified rules
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Columns in simple structures
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Pin jointed braced fames

Nominal moments based on 100mm eccentricity
Equivalent uniform moment factors (m) = 1
Fc
Pc
Mx
M bs
My
pyZ y
Mb calculated using LT as 0.5 L/ry

Distance between levels at which
University of Sheffield column is laterally restrained

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BS5950:Part1:200

consider the approach to members subject to axial load

Must not fail due to.

major or minor axis buckling due to axial load

but > or equal to 40

These factors vary for different shapes of section

Semi - compact section

d/t < 120

Failure due to inadequate local capacity can

Assumes failure @ yield

for both tension and compression plus moment

Mrx and Mry are the plastic moment

z1 and z2 are empirical

z2 = 5/3 for RHS

Reduction in plastic modulus

Accurate values given

Compare the expressions

Generally not susceptible to buckling as axial

Compression simplified method

Pc min of Agpcx and Agpcy

uniform moment factors

analogous to lateral torsional

significant for I and H

More exact approach

1 0.5 1 by axial load at

LTB due to axial load and Mx

Moments about minor axis

In this case the amplification is more significant

Buckling about x-x due to My

The amplification factor is negligible and the

Moments about both axes

For lateral torsional buckling

For interactive buckling

m x M x (1 0.5 Fc / Pcx m y M y (1 Fc / Pcy )

Effect of moment shape

As applied moment tends towards double curvature,

As a result the interaction expression plots

Strength i nteraction - zero

This change in the relationship can be

For axial load and bending, check

More exactly for class

Buckling about either axis due to

Axial load plus bi-axial moments

m x M x (1 0.5Fc / Pcx m y M y (1 Fc / Pcy )

Columns in simple structures

Columns in simple structures

Pin jointed braced fames

Mb calculated using LT as 0.5 L/ry

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