BENGKEL KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK 2015
Combined Science 5129
TURNING EFFECT
OF FORCES
MOMENTS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
MOMENT
The turning effect a force on an object.
Opening
a Door
Playing on a
Sea-Saw
Turning a Tap
MOMENT
A moment of force will rotate an object in a
clockwise or anti-clockwise direction about a fixed
position (pivot or centre of rotation).
Clockwise
Moment
Anticlockwise
Moment
MOMENT
Moment of a force is a vector quantity.
MOMENT
= FORCE
distance to pivot
ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENT
Force
PERPENDICULAR
DISTANCE FROM
FORCE TO PIVOT
distance to pivot
CLOCKWISE
MOMENT
Force
The SI unit of Moment of a force is the Newton-metre (Nm)
PRINCIPLES OF MOMENTS
When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise
moments about the pivot is equal to the sum of the
anticlockwise moments about that same pivot.
TOTAL CLOCKWISE
MOMENTS
TOTAL ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENTS
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING EQUILIBRIUM SCENARIO
distance for F
distance for F
distance
Force A
for FB
distance
for FC
Force B
TWO ANTICLOCKWISE MOMENTS
created by Force A and Force B
TOTAL ANTICLOCKWISE
MOMENTS
Force C
Force D
TWO CLOCKWISE MOMENTS
created by Force C and Force D
TOTAL CLOCKWISE
MOMENTS
(FA x dA) + (FB x dB) = (FC x dC) + (FD x dD)
PRINCIPLES OF MOMENTS
Identify the pivot first.
Identify & label the clockwise forces and its
distances to the pivot.
Identify & label the anticlockwise forces and its
distances to the pivot.
Use brackets ( ) for each moments.
Be careful with your maths!
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1
5129/02/M/J/11 Q12
Fig. 12.1 shows a spanner being used.
A moment of 30 Nm is needed to tighten the nut.
Calculate the force applied to the spanner.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2
5129/02/M/J/12 Q4
(a) State the units of the moment of a force.
(b) Fig.4.1 shows a spanner being used to undo a bolt.
The force needed to undo the bolt is smaller when a spanner
with a longer handle is used. Explain why.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3
5129/22/M/J/14 Q6
A boy on a diving board is shown in Fig.6.1.
The boy weighs 500 N and stands
1.5 m from the pivot.
The clockwise moment of the boys
weight about the pivot is equal to
the anti-clockwise moment of the
force F about the pivot.
(a) Force F is 0.30 m from the pivot. Calculate force F.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4
5129/12/M/J/13 Q30
A uniform beam is pivoted at its midpoint. An object is placed on the
beam as shown. Which force and position will balance the system?
20 N acting downwards, 40 cm to the right of the pivot
20 N acting upwards, 40 cm to the right of the pivot
50 N acting downwards, 10 cm to the left of the pivot
50 N acting upwards, 10 cm to the left of the pivot
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.
(a) State the principles of moments.
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.
(b) Calculate:
(i) the moment of the 8.0 N
weight about the pivot
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
5
5129/22/O/N/11 Q3
A metre rule is pivoted at its centre of gravity.
A weight of 8.0 N is suspended from the rule at a distance of 0.20 m
from the pivot, as shown in Fig.3.1.
The metre rule is held horizontally by means of a stretched spring that
is 0.40 m from the pivot.
(b) Calculate:
(ii) the force exerted on the
metre rule by the spring.
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
A bar is placed on a pivot and blocks of m1 and m2 are placed on
the bar, as shown in Fig.17.1.
The bar is horizontal.
The distances d1 and d2 of the blocks from the pivot are shown in Fig.
17.1.
The masses and their distances from the pivot may be changed so
that the bar stays horizontal, tips clockwise or tips anticlockwise.
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
Fig.17.2 shows the bar tipping anticlockwise.
Different masses m1 and m2 and distance d1 and d2 are shown in
Table.17.1.
Complete Table 17.1 by stating whether the bar is horizontal, tips
clockwise or tips anticlockwise. The first line has been completed for
you.
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
6
5129/22/O/N/12 Q17
Complete Table 17.1 by stating whether the bar is horizontal, tips
clockwise or tips anticlockwise.
The first line has been completed for you.
PRACTISE QUESTION
Complete the following questions in pairs.
5129/22/O/N/14 Q6
Remember to raise your hands if you need help with
the question.
