(OHFWULFDO1RWHV

$UWLFOHV
SharingAbstracts,NotesonvariousElectricalEngineeringTopics.

$XWR7UDQVIRUPHU&RQQHFWLRQ
MAY9,2012 9COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2012/05/09/AUTOTRANSFORMER
CONNECTION/#COMMENTS)

$XWR7UDQVIRUPHU&RQQHFWLRQ
AnOrdinaryTransformerconsistsoftwowindingscalledprimarywindingandsecondarywinding.Thesetwowindingsare
magneticallycoupledandelectricallyisolated.Butthetransformerinwhichapartofwindingsiscommontobothprimaryand
secondaryiscalledAutoTransformer.
InAutoTransformertwowindingsarenotonlymagneticallycoupledbutalsoelectricallycoupled.Theinputtothetransformer
isconstantbuttheoutputcanbevariedbyvaryingthetapings.
Theautotransformerisboththemostsimpleandthemostfascinatingoftheconnectionsinvolvingtwowindings.Itisusedquite
extensivelyinbulkpowertransmissionsystemsbecauseofitsabilitytomultiplytheeffectiveKVAcapacityofatransformer.
Autotransformersarealsousedonradialdistributionfeedercircuitsasvoltageregulators.TheconnectionisshowninFigure

(https://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/111.png)
Theprimaryandsecondarywindingsofatwowindingtransformerhaveinducedemfinthemduetoacommonmutualfluxand
henceareinphase.Thecurrentsdrawnbythesetwowindingsareoutofphaseby180.Thispromptedtheuseofapartofthe
primaryassecondary.Thisisequivalenttocommonthesecondaryturnsintoprimaryturns.
Thecommonsectionneedtohaveacrosssectionalareaoftheconductortocarry(I2I1)ampere.
TotalnumberofturnsbetweenAandCareT1.AtpointBaconnectionistaken.SectionABhasT2turns.Asthevoltsperturn,
whichisproportionaltothefluxinthemachine,isthesameforthewholewinding,V1:V2=T1:T2
WhenthesecondarywindingdeliversaloadcurrentofI2AmperethedemagnetizingampereturnsisI2T2.Thiswillbe
counteredbyacurrentI1flowingfromthesourcethroughtheT1turnssuchthat,I1T1=I2T2
AcurrentofI1ampereflowsthroughthewindingbetweenBandC.ThecurrentinthewindingbetweenAandBis(I2I1)
ampere.ThecrosssectionofthewiretobeselectedforABisproportionaltothiscurrentassumingaconstantcurrentdensityfor
thewholewinding.Thussomeamountofmaterialsavingcanbeachievedcomparedtoatwowindingtransformer.The
magneticcircuitisassumedtobeidenticalandhencethereisnosavinginthesame.Toquantifythesavingthetotalquantityof
copperusedinanautotransformerisexpressedasafractionofthatusedinatwowindingtransformerAs
copperinautotransformer/copperintwowindingtransformer=((T1T2)I1+T2(I2I1))/T1I1+T2I2
copperinautotransformer/copperintwowindingtransformer=1(2T2I1/(T1I1+T2I2))
ButT1I1=T2I2so
TheRatio=1(2T2I1/2T1I1)=1(T2/T1)
Thismeansthatanautotransformerrequirestheuseoflesserquantityofcoppergivenbytheratioofturns.Thisratio
thereforethesavingsincopper.
Asthespaceforthesecondwindingneednotbethere,thewindowspacecanbelessforanautotransformer,givingsomesaving
inthelaminationweightalso.Thelargertheratioofthevoltages,smalleristhesavings.AsT2approachesT1thesavingsbecome
significant.Thusautotransformersbecomeidealchoiceforcloseratiotransformations.

(https://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/24.png)
TheautotransformershowninFigureisconnectedasaboostingautotransformerbecausetheserieswindingbooststheoutput
voltage.Caremustbeexercisedwhendiscussingprimaryandsecondaryvoltagesinrelationshiptowindingsinanauto
transformer.
Intwowindingtransformers,theprimaryvoltageisassociatedwiththeprimarywinding,thesecondaryvoltageisassociated
withthesecondarywinding,andtheprimaryvoltageisnormallyconsideredtobegreaterthanthesecondaryvoltage.Inthecase
ofaboostingautotransformer,however,theprimary(orhigh)voltageisassociatedwiththeserieswinding,andthesecondary
(orlow)voltageisassociatedwiththecommonwinding;butthevoltageacrossthecommonwindingishigherthanacrossthe
serieswinding.

/LPLWDWLRQRIWKHDXWRWUDQVIRUPHU
Oneofthelimitationsoftheautotransformerconnectionisthatnotalltypesofthreephaseconnectionsarepossible.For
example,theYandYconnectionsarenotpossibleusingtheautotransformer.TheYYconnectionmustshareacommon
neutralbetweenthehighvoltageandlowvoltagewindings,sotheneutralsofthecircuitsconnectedtothesewindingscannotbe
isolated.
Aautotransformerconnectionistheoreticallypossible;however,thiswillcreateapeculiarphaseshift.Thephaseshiftisa
functionoftheratiooftheprimarytosecondaryvoltagesanditcanbecalculatedfromthevectordiagram.Thisphaseshift
cannotbechangedoreliminatedandforthisreason,autotransformersareveryseldomconnectedastransformers.

$GYDQWDJHVRIWKHDXWRWUDQVIRUPHU
Thereareconsiderablesavingsinsizeandweight.
TherearedecreasedlossesforagivenKVAcapacity.
Usinganautotransformerconnectionprovidesanopportunityforachievinglowerseriesimpedancesandbetterregulation.Its
efficiencyismorewhencomparedwiththeconventionalone.
Itssizeisrelativelyverysmaller.
Voltageregulationofautotransformerismuchbetter.
Lowercost
Lowrequirementsofexcitationcurrent.
Lesscopperisusedinitsdesignandconstruction.
Inconventionaltransformerthevoltagestepuporstepdownvalueisfixedwhileinautotransformer,wecanvarytheoutput
voltageasperoutrequirementsandcansmoothlyincreaseordecreaseitsvalueasperourrequirement.

'LVDGYDQWDJHVRIWKHDXWRWUDQVIRUPHU
Theautotransformerconnectionisnotavailablewithcertainthreephaseconnections.
Higher(andpossiblymoredamaging)shortcircuitcurrentscanresultfromalowerseriesimpedance.
Shortcircuitscanimpressvoltagessignificantlyhigherthanoperatingvoltagesacrossthewindingsofanautotransformer.
Forthesamevoltagesurgeatthelineterminals,theimpressedandinducedvoltagesaregreaterforanautotransformerthanfora
twowindingtransformer.
Autotransformerconsistsofasinglewindingaroundanironcore,whichcreatesachangeinvoltagefromoneendtotheother.In
otherwords,theselfinductanceofthewindingaroundthecorechangesthevoltagepotential,butthereisnoisolationofthe
highandlowvoltageendsofthewinding.Soanynoiseorothervoltageanomalycominginononesideispassedthroughtothe
other.Forthatreason,Autotransformersaretypicallyonlyusedwherethereisalreadysomesortoffilteringorconditioning
aheadofit,asinelectronicapplications,orthedownstreamdeviceisunaffectedbythoseanomalies,suchasanACmotorduring
starting

$SSOLFDWLRQV
UsedinbothSynchronousmotorsandinductionmotors.
Usedinelectricalapparatustestinglabssincethevoltagecanbesmoothlyandcontinuouslyvaried.
TheyfindapplicationasboostersinACfeederstoincreasethevoltagelevels.
UsedinHVSubstationduetofollowingreasons.
1. Ifweusenormaltransformerthesizeoftransformerwillbeveryhighwhichleadstoheavyweight,morecopperandhighcost.
2. ThetertiarywindingusedinAutotransformerbalancessinglephaseunbalancedloadsconnectedtosecondaryanditdoesnot
passontheseunbalancedcurrentstoPrimaryside.HenceHarmonicsandvoltageunbalanceareeliminated.
3. TertiarywindingintheAutoTransformerbalancesampturnssothatAutotransformerachievesmagneticseparationliketwo
windingtransformers.
About these ads (https://wordpress.com/about-these-ads/)

<RX0D\/LNH

FILEDUNDERUNCATEGORIZED


*UDYLW\LV
SHUVRQDOL]LQJWKHLQWHUQHW'LVFRYHU
KRZWKH\GRLWD\HDUDJR
JUDYLW\FRP*UDYLW\FRP
*UDYLW\FRPVSRQVRUHG

AboutJignesh.Parmar
JigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical)fromGujaratUniversity.Hehasmorethan13years
experienceinPowerTransmissionPowerDistributionElectricalenergytheftdetectionElectricalMaintenanceElectrical
Projects(PlanningDesigningcoordinationExecution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelSheetsofElectrical
EngineeringasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeistechnicalAuthorforElectricalMirrorandElectricalIndiaMagazines.Heis
TechnicalBloggerandFamiliarwithEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&knowledgeand
helptechnicalenthusiaststofindsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.

5HVSRQVHVWR$XWR7UDQVIRUPHU&RQQHFWLRQ
vilasksays:
May10,2012at7:49am
DearSir,Thanksforconsolidatingtheinformationontransformerstypeofconnection,Incidentallyifsomelightcanbethrown
onthetypeofvectorgroups&theirselectionforspecifictypeofapplicationsitshallbeofimmenseimportancefromacademic
pointofview.
SecondlyIwouldliketoknowinregardtoDOLstarters(notprovidedwithSinglePhasingpreventor)whytheOLRdoesnot
protectthemotorsfromgettingdamagedonsinglephasing.
Reply
SyedRizwansays:
May15,2012at1:45pm
Ialsowanttoknowaboutvectorgroups.Ihavesearchedalotbutcouldnotfindthatwhytransformersinusetodayhavevector
groupswithYd11orDy11andnotYd01orDy01??
Reply
ByjuRamachandrnsays:
July1,2012at7:56am
DearMr.Parmar
IwanttoknowabouttheREFconnectionandCTrationsforautotransformer100MVA,220KV/110KV
Reply
PremalKayasthsays:
July18,2012at5:17am
DeraJiignesh,

GreatWorkLookingformoreInformation.
Kindlyuploadsomethingusefulinfoaboutelectricaldesigning,Uhavethatbtwantsmore.
Regards,
Premal
Reply
Muthusays:
March30,2013at1:55pm
Whenatwowindingtransformerisconnectedasanautotransformeritsefficiencyunderfullloadis?
Answerme
Reply
natnaelshiferawsays:
October11,2013at7:54am
howcanbeachieveanautotransformer
Reply
Jignesh.Parmarsays:
October11,2013at2:35pm
bygivingorder!!!!.NotgettingPoint.
Reply
hamidsays:
December22,2013at9:39pm
Q.changetransformersbetweenphases(r,s,t)isimportantorno?
Reply
Jagatsays:
February14,2015at3:30pm
howtoidentifytheserviclinesofapole
Reply

CreateafreewebsiteorblogatWordPress.com.
TheEnterpriseTheme.
Follow

)ROORZ(OHFWULFDO1RWHV $UWLFOHV
BuildawebsitewithWordPress.com