Civilenggdrwg 1
Civilenggdrwg 1
Civilenggdrwg 1
t
t
As Per C-Og
i:
{i
\..
d
N. SREENIVASULU
S. RAMA RAO
4-5-64, Book Basement, Beside Andhra Bank, Kothi, Hyderabad - 500 095.
Phone :2475 4430, Fax :040-2475 4431, email: rph_pph@yahoo.co.in
Rwised
&
PREFACE
Ci
This volume meant for Civil Engineering Drawing-I included in the Third Semester in
(C-09) for Civil Engineering Students includes Building Drawing and Simple Cross-masonry
works like Pipe Culverts, Causeways, Culverts and Bridges.
.qr4roa,fctn.l
1.
As the drawing is the language of Engineers, he musl be well versed with dilferent
conventional signs, and symbols to be used for different Sanitury & Electrical Fixtures lct be
used in building drawings so as to present the drawing in a simple nenner ancl ut the same time
.'
oI
rlre pubtishens.
The drawings are to be drawn in accordance with the speci/icalions and olher details so as
to work out detailed estimate of all the components. To achieve the above obiective, the quthor
has taken the necessary steps in presenting the drawings, specificutions and methotlology in
developing dffirent views of the buildings.
Civil Engineering Drawing - I will be more meaningful and help the students in better
leqnl REspoNsibiliry.
understanding.
Though the publishers and author have taken every care to ntake the drawings sharp, neat
and meaningful, there is every possibility that few mistakes tnight have crept in. To make this
volume free from any mistakes, the author requests the Civil Engineering staff members to
T6*0-00
Stockisls
Phone : 2474
to
The author would like to convey his sincere thanks to his colleagues who have encouraged
take up this work in the interest of the students. It is strongly believed that this book on
utt&
his thanks
satisfaction. -
tr T] NTENTE|
Page No.
tn
4t-65
lry
' $i,.;'*',f, ft*' i
tlll
'ffi.,*
ffi'''"'
Exercise
,+
Conventional signs and symbols'
:.'=ffi;h,'.''
ent
-I
. ,:rj:ti.rjl
be
me
in
Door
frame Shutter
l t-14
-3
Exercise
l2
. Trusses
ied
on
ter
t 5-20
r6
-5
t8
Exercise
eat
his
tol
..
... ..
Exercise - 7
32
Exercise - 8
34
Exercise - 9
37
'*'Chapter
63
Exercise - 20
65
44
46
48
53
55
57
59
6l
66.67
28-40
30
l0
- II
Exercise - 12
Exercise - l3
Exercise - 14
Exercise - l5
Exercise - l6
Exercise - 17
Exercise - l8
Exercise - l9
Exercise
..r. 2l-27
Exercise - 6
Exercise -
39
Page No.
ir'&
tr T] NTENTE|
Page No.
tn
4t-65
lry
' $i,.;'*',f, ft*' i
tlll
'ffi.,*
ffi'''"'
Exercise
,+
Conventional signs and symbols'
:.'=ffi;h,'.''
ent
-I
. ,:rj:ti.rjl
be
me
in
Door
frame Shutter
l t-14
-3
Exercise
l2
. Trusses
ied
on
ter
t 5-20
r6
-5
t8
Exercise
eat
his
tol
..
... ..
Exercise - 7
32
Exercise - 8
34
Exercise - 9
37
'*'Chapter
63
Exercise - 20
65
44
46
48
53
55
57
59
6l
66.67
28-40
30
l0
- II
Exercise - 12
Exercise - l3
Exercise - 14
Exercise - l5
Exercise - l6
Exercise - 17
Exercise - l8
Exercise - l9
Exercise
..r. 2l-27
Exercise - 6
Exercise -
39
Page No.
ir'&
lntroduction
(Chapter-11
1.3
lNTRoDucnoN
1.ir lNTRoDucTloT
workout different items of construction with their quantities for estimating the total cost of
construction project. For this purpose, drawings of different parts and different views are essential
so that approval of work from the sanctioning authority can be obtained. Further, the detailed
drawings form as an essential contract documents, when the work is handed over to a contractor.
Hence, it is necessary to prepare detailed drawings which will inform the conhactor, the exact
information which he needs during the construction of different items of work.
Drawings, thus prepared should be carefully preserved even after the completion of work.
Thus, it becomes to assess the possibility of further vertical expansion by referring to the foundation
details initially provided. Drawings should be clear, simple, clean and accurately drawn so that
GOOD DRAWING
Conventional signs are used to represent the particular item in the drawing. For example,
stone masonry, brick masonry, concrete are indicated by standard conventional signs. They are
only
represented in the section i.e., when the materials are cut by any imaginary plane.
Similarly conventional symbols are provided to indicate doors, windows, their fixing,
Drawings represent reduced shape of structures and the owner will be able to see what is going
to happen. The drawings are prepared as per the requirements of the owner. In case of public
buildings, the functional aspects are studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared as per
the recommendations laid down in National Building Code (N.B.C) or as per the Indian Standard
Specifications. Any- modifications like additions or omissions can be suggested from a study of the
drawings before actual construction of the structure is started. Drawings provide a language with
specific data to Architects, Engineers and workmen at the site to construct the stnrcture accordingly.
" In case of public buildings, bridges or any other civil engineering works, it is essential to
movement of shufiers when ttrey are closeci or openeci, various water supply and sanitary fixrures
,like tap, wash basin, w.c, urinals, kitchen sink, shower etc. Symbols are also used to indicate the
position of electrical fittings like, lamp. switch, power socket, fan, etc. To indicate positions of
furniture in drawing room, bed room, suitable symbols are used.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (B.l.S) has recommended conventional signs and symbols
in order to
l.
2.
Save time in making out various details in the drawing to enable others to quickly
understand without any confusion.
3. Identiff
supply
4.
Prevent any dispute between contractor and owner (or executing authority) in actual
EXERCISE
II
Draw the Conventional signs, Conventional symbols for plumbing fixtures, Electrical
fittings and other symbols generally required to be shown in building drawings.- Select
30 mm x 25 mm height rectangular blocks for drawing the conventional silrs and symbols as
shown in PLATE lA, lB and lC.
Civil Enginee.ing
'
-\-.\,^!
Drawing-l
(Chapter-l)
PLATE: l-A
CONVENTIONAL SIGNS
bFoc
oGno
Jftuno
ftr-AU0
BRICK
BRICK EXISTING
STONE EXISTING
ASHLAR
CINDERS
SANO
GROUND LEVEL
PLY WOOD'
ROUGH WOOD
wooD
STONE
r* (
((
COT.ICRETE
EXISTING
za
(
c
c((
((
.1
CONCRETE
PIASTER
RUBBLE STONE
CLAY TILE
GI.AZED
EXIS] iNG
CI.AY TILE
CERAMIC TILES
ACROSS
ALONG
GRAINS
GRAINS
UNGISZED
//
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -.-------------------
r----------
r--------p-
//
la.---------
t----------
t-------!---
t------!--_
r----------
GLASS
SHEET METAL
ALUMINIUM
WATER, OIL,
PETROL
-_ STEEL
STRUCTURAL
SECTIONS
PLATE : 1-B
1_
REVOLVINC DOOR
VERTICAL SLIDING
RIGHT HAND
SIDE HUNG
SIDE HUNG
TOP HUNG
BOTTOM HUNG
(Chapter-
1)
PLATE: l-C
SFIOWER HEAI)
I},IDIAhI TYPE W. C.
w. c.
PLAIN KITCHEN SINK
.:
URINAL STALL
F
T
T
E
E
w
TOWEL RAIL
STOP VALVE OR
SLUICE VALVE
WA"SH BA"SIN
LADIES UNTNET
AIMAIRAII
l.
2.
3.
Switches,
4.
Power Plug
5..
Light Plug
6.
7.
8.
Meter
9.
10.
ro
ffi
N
{
-(
2t.
Thermostat
22.
Humidistat
23.
Bell Push
24.
Bell
25.
26.
OH
tr
fl
A
D.t
28.
29.
>+[
30.
Amplifier
31.
Control Board
32.
Loudspeaker Outlet
33.
Aerial
34.
Ceiling Fan
35.
Bracket Fan
36.
Exhaust Fan
37.
-o
Batten Lampholder
OBH
13.
14.
r5.
16.
Convection Heater
r:1
t-
17.
18.
Immersion Heater
Qwr
f-l
t-o-l
Horn or Hooter
One-way Switch
Siren
27.
t2.
l.
Symbol
tr'
Light Bracket
PLATE: l-D
Two-way Switch
Jt
tr
l_l
OA
{
1.4
Building may be constructed with load bearing walls namely load bearing walled structure or
with number of isolated R.C.C. columns connecled laterally by beams. Then the frames are filled
with brick masonry walls namely curtain walls. panel walls and such structures are termed as framed
ti
(i) Depth of Foundation : Depth of foundation is the vertical distance measured from G.L.
he bottom of C.C bed over which masonry footings are constructed.
According to National Building Code I983, the depth of foundation depends on
(a) Securing adequate bearing capacity.
structure.
o1' one
bearings walls.
(b)Shrinkage and swelling properties in case of clayey soils due to seasotral changes.
Load bearing walls receive all dead loads like self weight of walls, roof's and live loads and
finally transmit to the sub-soil. In order to distribute the load on large area and to bring the intensity
of load coming on to the sub-soil less than the safe bearing capacity of existing soil, the width of
wall is increased in steps and finally rests on concrete bed. These steps are made in the form of
fbotings and taken below ground level.
l. Foundation : The portion of the building constructed below the ground level in order to
distribute the structlu'al load over large area is known as fbundation or sub-structure. In case of load
bearing walled structure. the size of rvall is increased by means of footings of stone masonry or
brick masonry arrd finally rests on concrete bed of required size.
2. Footings :
The width
equal
increase on either side. These steps are known as footings. The number of footings depends on the
depth of lbundation. The increase in u'idth provided on either side of the wall face is known as
off-set. Depth of foundation is the vertical distance below general ground level upto the bottom of
concrete bed laid belorv the load bearing wall.
Thus. all the load bearing walls are to be constructed over concrete bed laid directly over the
soil in tlre foundation trench. Such foundations are known as spread foundations.
lndividual masonry pillars are constructed with off - sets on all four sides to provide the
required number of footings. This entire masonry structure rests on ioncrete bed of required size
which distributes the load intensiry on the sub - soil at low magnitude than the safe bearing capacity
of the sub - soil. Such foundation is known as isolated footing foundation.
3. Plinth : The portion of the structure between the surrounding ground levet and the
surface of the floor level immediately above the ground is te-imed as plinth. Also the level of the
floor is usually called as plinth level and the built - up area at the floor level is known as plinth area.
Note : In case of spread foundation, the information regarding (i) Depth of foundation, (ii) Width
foundation and (iii) Thickness of foundation concrete bed shall be known.
of
,4
-,9
'*
z
The code recommends that all foundations shall extend to a depth at least 500 mm below
mal ground level. On rock, removal of top soil known as overburden may be sufficient.
fr
*
g
(ii) Width of Foundation : Width of foundation depends on the safe bearing capacity (S.B.C)
;oil and load coming on the soil through load bearing wall.
t
*
4
r{
su[
sud
Considering one metre length along the centre line of foundation trench, if W be the total
coming
on the soil, and p be the safe bearing capacity of soil and B is the width of foundation
C
i;
,"4
'i
s
ai
ln
f;
:
i.e.W =
W
S.B.C. of soil
pxB
coq
rhid
length
.t1
t
I
abd
:g
.or
4j
B_ pxl
&
ope4
As a thumb rule, assuming that the load from the wall above ground level
will
be distributed
+ Ha*
Width of foundation B
where; T _
t
a
2T + 2t
000
course of footing.
for th
Of -
the
Masonry Footings .' In case of brick masonry, the width of super structure is
off - sets to construct the footings. The width of off - set on either side shall be
ral to l/4th length of brick i.e., 50 mm. The depth of such masonry footings shall be made equal to
multiplies of brick thickness (200 mm; 300 mm; 400 mm etc. Since the thickness of each brick
Sets
for
.ended by means of
Plinth height shall not be less than 450 mm from the sunounding ground level.
'*
lntroduction
(Chapter-1)
'hcase
$ga.sonry
of stone masonry, the off - sets may be 75 to 100 mm and the height of each course
in a footing may be 150 to 200 mm'
(iii)
EXERCISE
(a)
= 6.
super structure. This includes masonry walls, columns, steps, doors. windows, ventilators, linteis,
sunshades (chajjas), stair case, roof, weatherproofcourse, parapet wall etc.
are small beams which are of Reinforced cement concrete in present
provided
over
small openings like door, windows, almairahs etc. Generally 150 mm
consfiuction
to
wall
width are provided.
width
equal
thick and
Sun - Shade : Sun-shade is sloping or horizontal R.C.C. cantilever slab provided over
openings on external walls to provide protection from sun and rain.
The projection of sun - shade beyond the external wall when not given should be 100 mm
+ Half of the width of the maximum window opening.
passage
According to I.S. : 4912; the vertical height of handrail in balconies and verandahs shall
1000 mm nominal from upper surface of top rail to floor.
_- 400
-_
400 mm ; Depth
- 600 mnl
: 4 : 8)
be
300 mrn
mm
300 mm
C.M(l :6)
300mm
C.C
(b)
course
20 mm
Flooring = With 25 mm thick polished stone slabs 300 x 300 mm over 100 mm thick
I : 4 : 8) bed. The remaining depth is filled with curshed stone or gravel or sand:
Draw the cross - section of wall of building provided with R.C.C. slab roofing as given
below to a scale
I :20.
Depthoffoundation:ll.00mm;widthoffoundatio
Depth of C.C. bed = 300 mm ;
width
-t
{':7
600 mm ; Depth
5. Lintels : Lintels
6.
4. Super Structure: The portion of the building constructed above ground level is called
The bearing on either side (over the wall) should not be less than 100 mm. More commonly
abearing of 150 mrn willbe provided on either side of an opening.
I : 20 with the
Depth of foundation
7.
Draw tlte cross - section of load bearing wall foundation details to a scale of
following specifications: (PLATE 2 A, B and C)
Specfications
I2
800 mm
100 mm
Height of parapet
650 mm
120 mm
,.\?,.\r.\"^
ryv\/'\\.,"'\\","*.\./\".v.v\"/\".v
2000 mm
150 mtrr
sand.
Sleps
= Brick
(l
: 4)
(c)
Draw the cross - section of Isolated square R.C.C. column footing to a scale of
following specifi cations.
: 20 with the
= 1000 mm x 1000 mm
Shape of footing Trapeziodal with a vertical depth of 150 mm; each side tapers from
Size of the footings
I
I
looo ------{
FIG.
Steel reinforcetnentfor thefooting: 12 mm dia. rods at 150 mm C/C parallel to each side
with a clear cover 25 mm at bottom and 50 mm at sides.
Size of eolumn:200 mm x 200 mm
Steel reinforcement I = O No. of 16 mm dia. rods
)*
[Longitudinal reinforcement] J
Lateral ties : 6 mm dia rods at 200 mm C / C; Side cover to longitudinal reinforcement
: 40 mm clear. Anchorage for longitudinal reinforcement = All the 6 bars of 16 mm dia are taken
down and extended in horizontal direction to a length 200 mm beyond the face of the column and
tied to the reinforcement of the footing in the form of Dowel bars.
lF *]
^^^^^^^^!tlo!99tlol ^ ^lqhip-!q-1-l^
-fi--- so
coPtNG
e
PLATE :2
_--+
WEATHER PROOF
COURSE 20 THICK
PARAPET
1OO
THICK
DAMP PROOF
SUPER STRUCTURE
COURSE
2O THICK
25 POLISHE D
STCNE FLOOR ING
LEVELT-
WALL
R.C C. ROOFING
120 THICK
IN
SUPER STRUCTURE
300 THICK
R.C.C. SUNSHADE
THICK R C
150
LINTEL
600
,/
I
I
3300
SECTION
llnd
FoorlNG--+
is rm
stFOOTlNG
400
----r>
16 DlA. DOWEL
-_-c
B AR
+t
r-l
,.300
,rt=
GRA\/EI. OR
SHNO
FOUNDATION
:4:8)
THTCK
TILED FLOORING
OVER C.C. BED
't-Htc K
1 00
c.c.
(1
6 DlA. TIES AT
200 c/c
HT OF PLINTH CR
HT OF BASEMENT
./,.-
-+
LEVELLING -'--D
couRsE
FILLING
l.
2t
000
l,rr-l+
WTH GRAVEL
400
-+
300
+ / 1000
ISOI-ATED R.C.C. COLUfuIN FOOTING
(c)
10
1.5
200
,200t
:-l
(Chapter-
BONDS IN BRICKWORK
Bond is thc arrangement of bricks by rvhich no continuous joints are formed verrically for
successive coLtrses in a brick wall. To avoid verticaljoints. the overlapping between trvo successive
courses shal.l be
(i) :
QUOIN HEADETI.
QUEEN
Engiisir iiund
QU EEN C LOSER
QUOIN HEADER
a corner r.vall,
sh
2.
one{
be obseryed.
is of
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
r50j
Draw the first header i.e., Quion headel at the conrer of a wall in the header course.
Next drarv the queen closer throughout the thickness of the rvall.
posit
on th
i.
Then drarv the headers throughout the front face of the wall.
walli
For the other side of the corner, draw the stretchers at the front face.
windi
,
(v)
:t
=T
u,all thickness is even multiple of half brick (1, ?. brick u'alls), a pafticular coLtrse
shou,s the sarne appearance on both faces. If stretchers appear on the front flace, thd
same stretchers wiii appear in a particular course in front lace. sallte headers will appear
on the back o1'that courses.
If
(vi)
OUEEN CLOSER
If rvall thickness is odd multiple of half brick i.e., l+,2+ brick wall, if stretchers appear
in front face for a particular course, then headers will appear on the back of that cours
The vice versa will be in the next course, i.8., if headers appear in front face. th
stretchers will appear on back side.
in the
t
3
openii
2.2
!i
one or
the d
ve
EII
QUOIN HEADER
ndo
eze).
EVEN COURSES
rtical
er at
ODD COURSES
PLANS
i
:
top
0 rnrn
Doors and
Windows (Chapter-2)
The joints between panel and frame shall be tongued and grooved joints. Grooves are formed
along the inner edges of the stiles and rails to receive the panels. The depth of the groove shall
be made equal to the thickness of the panel. According to I.S. : 1003, the minimum width and
thickness of a panel shall be 100 mm and l5 mm respectively.
mdone or iwo shuiters or leaves. Accordingiy tliey arc caiieci as singie shunereci or double
shuttered doors'
2;1
DOOR FRAME
.1
A door frame consists of two vertical members called styles and two horizontal members
one at top called as top rail and one boftom rail or sill or threshold. Now-a-days the bottom rail
is omitted and made to flush with floor level. The top rail is projected beyond the styles by about
150 mm and these projection are known as homs. These are built into masonry for keeping in
position. Also M.S clamps of flat iron about 300 mm x 50 mm x 6 mm are fixed to the vertical styles
on the outerside known as "l-{old fasts in the shape of letter Z ". These are embeded into the masonry
wallto hold the frame in position. When horns are not specified, it is usual to provide door and
window frames without horns but hold fasts are compulsory.
. For double leaf shutters. when closed, one leaf overlaps the other vertically as a rebated joint.
In order to keep both the shutters in the same plane, rebates 8 to l0 mm wide and in depth equal to
i12the thickness of a shutter tbr a square type or l/3 rd the thickness of the shutter for splayed
type are cut as per I.S : 6198.
(b)Lock rail
width:
I 66
150 + 3 mm
200 + 3
pt
bar:
40
+ I mm
members = 35
+I
or 40 +
I mm.
opening (modular).
Nole .'Now - a - days the door frames and window frames are fixed so that the frames shall flush
with intemal iace of the wall in all rooms of residential buildings.
2.2 SHUTTER :
2.4 DESIGNATION
Shutter for the door frames may be fully panelled or partly glazed and partly panelled with
one or two leaves or shutters. In fully panelled shutter, the number of panels may be 3, 4 or 6 as per
the design and other practical consideration. These shutters are made so that they fit exactly into the
grove (recess) made in the frame. Similarly the shutters
In case of door shutters, the horizontal members are called as rails (top, bottom, lock and
ieze). All other rails fixed between the lock rail and top rail are called frieze rails. The continuous
ertical members of the door frame called as styles or stiles. These stiles and rails are iointed to each
er at both ends by mortise and tenon joints. The bottom and lock rails are made wider than
top or frieze rails. The centre of the lock rail shall be so placed that its centre line is at a height
of
_
_
Two panels
a_
Four panels
V _ Ventilator
T _ Double shutter
R
Window
Single shutter
Modular width and height of the door or window frame in case of timber frames is always
12
Civil Enginoering
Drawing-l
Eramples :
(i): ll DT20 shall mean a frame ofa double shufter door with a width of I I modules and hight
of20 modules.
When frames of doors and windows are combined with those of windows and ventilators,
they shall be designated as below :
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
6WS l0 / I I DT 20 / 6WS l0 means I I modules wide and 20 modules high double shutter
door frame combined on its both sides, with two single shutter windows (one on either side
of door) 6 modules wide and l0 modules high.
l0 DS 20 means
a Door
panels having
12 modules as
height.
(v) :
12 modules
as height.
(vi)
I WR l5
l5 modules as
height.
(vii)
as
EXERCISE
as
Draw to a suitable scale the Elevation, section and plan of the following door, and windows
show in plate No. 3 A and 38.
:
glazed window.
(Chaptsr-2l
PLATE :3 - A
DOOR FRAME
-{rooF
llr
EAD
100
70
lf)
TOP RAIL
100
-'
100
30
PANEL
2A mm THTCK
50
FRIEZE RAIL
100
:tr
ll
lrl
ul
F
F
:)
I
=
tr a
lr.
30
HANGING STILE
100
30
LL
E.
o o
o Fr
o
I
TL
o Ttr,
HOLD
LOCK RAIL
3oo.J FAST
F
I
t-15
u,
x,
.__r HTGHER
I DtMENStoN
I stDE ALONG
3 I THE rHtcK_
- lttEss oF THE
WALL
_I
T = THICKNESS
OF SHUTTER
25
r.u
tr
ru
o
()
LIJ
F
6o(
sLU
FINISHED
FLOOR LEVEL
U)
t I
-t
i
E
FRONT VIEW
200 x
REBATE
I so
30
ETING STILE
100 x 30
ME
BOTTOM RAIL
250
30
FLOOR LEVEL
LOWER DIMET-ISION
SECT|ON - AA
FLOOR LEVEL
ELEVATION
TU RAL
FLOOR LEVEL
SH UTTER
SECTION
. AA
VERTICAL POST
60
100
SECTIONAL PLAN . XX
-.---Jz o
SEOTION - BB
(Chapter-2I,
Civil'Engineering Drawing-l
14
96
12oo
FULLY PANELLED WINDOW
H
EAt)
70x85
TOP RAIL
70 x
I
I
30
rt
rt
r-tt
lr
tt
r--i
TOP PANEL
20 mm THK
ll
ll
ll
It
r--
HANGING STILE
70 x
l--'
1l
ft
ft
L--l
L-L-.r
30
70 x
Pi
r -'l
MEETING STILE
30
|.--
F-r
rl
tl
gl
1l
C\l
POST
70 x
85
-f
I
I
I
I
I
;: 'i
<a
r- -t
I
I
I
I
I
t--
r- j
I
I
I
'l
t-_
r- l
I
r-"i
-t-:
It
tl
L-.r
L-r
tt
It
tt
tt
A.
r--
F-r
1l
.l
1l
gl
EOTTOM RAIL
70x30
S ILL
79 x 85
ELEVATION
l-
-t
f--
r-
-i
I
I
I
t--
95x70
38x38
t-l
rl
LJ
ll
ll
tl
tl
rl
o
o
(\{
Vertical Ribs
145 C/C
-x
LJ
Horizontal Ribs
Style 38
L-J
Bottom
38
ss
I
Rail
38x38
Half-Sectional Elevation
Jectional Plan on XX
95
--+l
Section
200
Style
MM
i-l
25x38At
I
I
SESTION . BB
PLATE :3 - B
Top Rail
it
i:t
I
l+-
Lintel
Head
Ply F+F-{
Facing 38
70
Thickness of Shutqer
= SO.
50
lz
SECTION . AA
bt ''*.^$*v*-
------99*'9nli.""iL9Jgg9u-
70x95
-Tl
rr-
trql
TO P RAIL
85x30
GLASS PANEL
\
I
SASH BAR
30x30
ti
STILE
30x95
POST
70r85
Ii
I
t'
.4.
BOTTOM RAIL
85r30
h
G
SILL
70x85
I 200
SECT|ON
ELEVATION
I
I
I
tst
5
-TT
55
3Bo hstltl
T'l
12oo 10
sEcnoN
sao
as
5i
-'88'
-Sl.eg's:3 1--'---
*-= -,--
'-----..'----.,
**--.t-.,....----Jt
TRUSSES
3.2
All
KING POST TRUSS
'Iension nremhers
A truss is forrned by joining various members to fonn a systetn of triangles. King post truss
is a tinrber truss and used for pitched roofs. These are placed in parallel rows on walls at certain
intervals depending on the span.
These trusses are connected at top by a wooden member known as ridge piece. Similarly on
two sloping sides another wooden member will be joincd nantely purlin. In king post truss one
purlin shall be provided on each side.
Thus the truss is made to have a means of fitting the common rafters and reepers on which
the roofing rnaterial like tiles or A.C. sheets can be arranged.
C'ompression memhers
3.3
_-PURLIN
230 TO 250 mm
TIE BEAM
CLEAR SPAN
EFFECTIVE SPAN
FIG. 3.1 SHOWING THE CENTRELINE OF THE MEMBERS OF KING POST TRUSS
DRAWING PROCEDURE
(b)
(b)
King
post.
Strut.
Draw the centre line of the tie beam horizontally for a lenglh equal to effective span.
.!
J.
From the mid point of the horizontal tie beam centre line, erect a perpendicular to get the
centre line of king post for a length equalto the rise of the truss.
4.
Join both the ends of the tie beam centre line rvith the top of the king post (centre line erected
fronr the centre of the tie beam centre line). These two lines drawn fionr tip of king post and
joined with left and right ends of tie beam indicate principal rafters.
When pitch of the truss is given. this angle is marked at left and right end of tie beam andl
the lines are drawn at this angle. These fwo inclines represent two principal rafters and the,
intersection point shall be taken as top of the truss, also knorvn as ridge.
;
5.
For drawing the centre line of strut, a point at about 230 to 250 rnm above the centre line ofi
tie beam shall be marked on the king post centre line. Then the mid points along the sloped i
length of principalrafters both on left side and right side shall be marked. The lines drawn
joining the point marked on the king post and mid points of principal rafters on either side
represent the centre lines ofstruts.
3.4
STRUT
PITCH
tension.
2.
PRINCIPAL RAFTER
KIN G
POST
From the given clear span, effective span shall be calculated by knbwing rvidth of supporting
wall on either side: clear span + 2 (half of width of supporting wall)
RIDGE PIECE
3 UNITS
The centre line of the tie beam and the centre line of the principal rafter meet at a point, and
this poirrt shall pass through the centre line of the supporting wall at both the ends of a tnrss as
shown in fig.3.1. From the tiont view of a roof truss, the depth of the menrber can be secn.
,^\
3.1
PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION
This type of truss made of wooden numbers is used for larger spans ranging from 9 metres
to {4 metres. Instead of single central vertical post in the King port truss, here two verticalposts at
equal intervals shall be fitted to the bottom the beam and these are known as Queen posts.
The two principal rafters starting from each end of the tie beam shall extend upio the Quee
posts and will not be continued further as in the case of King post truss. The Queen posts
laterally connected by a straining beam at top and straining beam at top and straining sill at botto
for stability. The struts are connected and suitably joined the principal rafter and the Queen posts
usual. Purling and cleats are laid at two places i.e., one at the inter section point between principal
strut
Iine o
shall
fixed
'ls
the a
be
fix
shall
2.
3.6
-J,
Dotted lines are drawn extending the centre line of principal rafters to indicate the centra!
rise.
,:- lr
DRAWING PROCEDURE
l.
span.
2.
Draw the horizontal tie beam over these bed blocks to suit the depth of tie beam and also
drawthe centre line indicating by dash and dot.
3. Divide the clear span into three equal parts and erect perpendiculars from the centre line
of tie beam which shall represenr the centre lines of Queen posts. The distance is from the inner
face of the wall as clear span is taken into account to draw the Queen posts. The bottorn dimension
of Queen posS is slightly enlarged by about 50 mm to accommodate strut.
4. Then draw the centre line of the supporting wall and let it intersect the centre line of the
tie beam. From the point, draw the centre line of Principal rafter at a pitch
of
post. It shall be suitablv joined at bottom with tie beam and with Queen post at the other end.
Note: Ifthe centre lines ofboth principal rafters are extended to intersect at centre ofspan, the rise
-j of effective span.
6.
a-s
Dal
Purlins and cleats shall also be provided over the principal rafter at the joints as glven rn
provroeo ar eacn e oI ue Deam so tna common
ers sna
fixed over the wall plate and other two purlins.
'
7.
EXERCISE
Draw to a scale
Common rafters, (spars), reepers, ridge piece, eaves board, roofing tiles, ridge tile etc.
of I : 20;
I4
l.
2.
3.
4.
Rise of roof
5.
From the given clear span and wall thickness, draw the supporting walls on either side
and then draw the bed block either cut stone or R.C.C. over these walls to suit the given dimensions. The horizontal length befween centre to centre of supporting walls is known as effective
!II ti
(Chapter-31
100
Kingpost =
piece
(f) Purlin
(g)
Cleat
(i)
Wall
()
Eaves
200 mm depth
plate
board
(k) Reepers =
150
200 mm
150
x
100 x
Strut
(e) Ridge
200
(c)
300 mm width
l/3 span
100 mm
100 mm
100 mm
50
150 mm
80
150 mm
200
100
100
50 mm ar450 mm C/C
80
80 mm
150 mm
20 x 250 mm
50
&
bottom
l'rusqsg lchapter3l
17
RIDGE TILE
250 X 250
RIDGE 50
100
50
_-3
25
150
t'-- s -*l
x 12 REAPERS AT t S0 C/C
- Rlst +
PURLIN 80 X 150
CLEAT 2AO
x 1 00 x
80
3 WAY M.S
STRAP 50 X
sPAFI
ING POST
6
150
100
PRINCIPAL RAFTER
150
100
STR IJT
2OO
1OO
100
TIE BEAM
WALL PIATE
8C ( 150
EAVES BOARD
20 x
250
100
.S.U. STRAP 50 X
-T
400x300x200
1O
240
F*uo
:"
Draw to a scale of I : 50; the front elevation of wooden QUEEN POST TRUSS with the
specifications. The drawing is given in PLATE NO. l3 (b).
following
.5
l.
Clear sPan
2.
3.
Size
12 m
x 300 x
200 mm depth
Sizes
(d) Straining
beam
(e) Strut
(0 Principal rafter
(g) Common rafter or sPars
(h) Ridge piece :
180
I 80
mm
0)
50 mm
80
120 mm
25
250 mm
50
(l)
Eaves
board:
12 mm
150
x 80 x
at 150 mm ClC.
200 mm
(Chapter-3)
Tru sses
PRINCIPLE RAFTER
(C hapte r- 3)
100
100 PRtNctPAL
50 COMMON RAFTER
COMMON
RAFIER-1
80
\\--
150
STR IJT
2oo
1oo TtE
EAM
50 X 10 M. S STIRRUP
X 80 CLEAT
DETAIL AT 'A'
DETAIL AT 'B'
50 X 150 RIDGE
POST
50
100
x 100 STRUT
10 THTCK tyt.S.
STRAP
150 X
1OO
KING POST
DETAIL AT 'D'
DETAIL AT 'C'
M. S. STRAP
(Chapter-3)
PRINCIPLE RAFTER
150
l OO PRINCIPAL
COMMON RAFTER--
\b
80 x 150
PURLTN
100
a
2OO
50 x
10
Xl
OO
150 X
1OO
.00 STRUT
TIE BEAM
STIRRUP
2OO
DETAIL
AT'A'
X 2OO X 80 CLEAT
DETAIL
AT'B'
PRINCIPAL RAFTER
50 X 150 RIDGE
l
100 x 50 COMMON
RAFTER-+_
3 WAY M. S. STRAP 50
OO KING
100
zaA
1O
x 100
STRUT
THiCK M.S.
DETAIL AT 'D'
M. S. STRAb
m2
2.
201 to 500 m2
3.
501 to 1000
4.
m2
m2
area
above
125
4.5
refer to bye-lows.
Minimum side open space to be provided (Buildings upto l0m height)
l-
8t2
Detached
building
Semi detached
3m on both sides
building
Up to 7.5
7.5 to 18
18 to 30
red a rea
above 250
t25 250
minimum in
pe rm iss i b le cove
Average width
Minimum frontage is 6m on any street. For row housing scheme frontage maybe 5.5 m
Minimum Front Open Space fio be Provided
Front open space
Width of street in front
of plot in
t\
Note
x.
Ma
s0
l,fu
Plot sizes, frontages, covered areas and set backs as per building bye-laws laid
by NBC and standards for various rooms in residential buildings to be followed are
given in brief as detailed below. These are only guide lines. Rules and regulations laid
down by concerned municipal authorities are to be followed. Rooms in a residential
building like drawing or living room, Bed room, Gurest room, Kitchen, Dining roomo
store room, puja or prayer room, bath and toilet (w.c), verandahs and corridors should
be arranged according to their functional requirements. For maximum untility a flow
diagram may be drawn in the initial planning stage indicating the relative positions.
Detached building
Semi detached build ing
Row type building
(Chapto.-4}
PLANNING AN D ARRANGEMENT
ROOMS IN RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AS PER STANDARDS
OF BUILDING BYE-LAWS
Bye-Laws
1.5*
3.0
4.5
6.0
above 30
For building up to a maximum height of 7m incase building is having street on
2 or more than 2 sides the average width of front space should be 3m and at
no where less than 1.80 no.
plot area
Minimum depth of
foundation
Plinth height
0.75
max.
0.
l5
(Chapter-41
Description of room
,Sl.No'
Minimum
a rea
and area
tll
7,
I
2.
Habitable rooms
i.
.,
9.5 tn-
Bed room
nLlmber
here the
of rooms is 2 one
roon-r
shal
iii.
iv.
v.
I th
t0
cf'
Height
Remarks
II^:-Lr
!
-nelgnr Illeasureo
Ir()nl
than 2.75rtt
-r---
tlr
point of cieling.
.th
Drawing room
hot climate
2.4
Dining room
Study room
interrned iate
c I i mate.
itchen
2.6
scheme.
K itchen-c
um-store
5.5 m-
inimum width
I .8
point of cieling.
K itc hen rv
ith seperate
Minimum width
4.5 m-
1.8
sto re
iii.
Kitchen-cum-dining
9.5 m-
Store room
3m2
ro om
Garage
for bath
1.8 m2
l.l
Shall not be
that 2.2 m
m2
for
12.5 m2
w.c
less
'
:.
"tl.No.
6.
Description
of room
Stair-case
Minimum
area
Heigh t
m2 per
Remarks
Rise 17 5 mm to I 85
mm Tread 250 mm
floor height.
i.
linth height
to
0.7 5m
I .Orn
Drawir
below finished
G.L.
l.0m to l.3m
B
For 2 storeyed building
low fi nished
G.L
be
Li
i
Livin
L
B
o
Bedro o
Be
en
for
(Chapter-4Il
Rooms in Residential Building (Sizes Normally Adopted in Modern Trend by Middle Class Housing Schemes)
Lighting and ventilation
Best location
Minimum floor
are a
Other requirentents
Dru(Iy r0()m :
Mininrum area
(\r
Best location
Pooja room
l5m2
20m2
warci
s east are
ci e s
ira b Ie
Other requirements
Sto
re
Best Location
SE S
Other requirements
SW
factor.
l0m2 with min width of 3m. 4m x 3m or 5m x 4m is
general size. Rectangular shape is preferable.
:
:
est location
um area
Bedroom
lvl in im
Window area
tt-r
Living-dining room:
Minimurn floor area
20mz (But
Best locatiorr
Best location
Office room:
east preferable.
Other requirements
,'
Eastern or N. E corner
Nearer to kitchen
8mt (t 5m2 to 20m2 when store is attached to kitchen
i.e., kitchen-cum-store.
Racks/closed cup bords are to be provided.
Verandah:
Best location
Minimum width
Location
min width
2.8m2
and
with
(Chaprer-4l,
Planning and
Other requirements
ArrangelngntryT
above
.a
(L
(Residential buitding) :
stair
: Max rise 0. l9m min Tread 0.25m. Pitch of steps
Rise and Tread
number of
200 - 400. Min head room 2.2m. Max
in a flight f 15 and min number * 3 Nos'
: width * 2.5m to 3m and length * 5rn to 6m' C ieling
Garage
2.2 m.
height * 2. I m clear opening at entrance *
Rotting shutter preferable for Garage'
Stair Case :
':
Plot
tn
al
st
100
uptr
200
abovt
200 an
upto
3(
ab-ove 3
and upt
400
above 40
and dpto
500
above 500
and upto
750
-'-r--r--*---
_ ___r
--v--..,,v-------!-w---'--*-r-----------,--MINIMUM SETBACKSAND HEIGHT STIPULATIONS FORALLTYPES OF NON-HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
* (ePPlicable to Municipal corporttioo of Hydcrrbrd rrer' rest of Hyderrbad Urbrn d-ovelopment .utbority rre!, Hydarabrd Airport development ruthority
&rer,
Cyber.b.d devlopment ruthority.rerr Buddbr purrima project ruthority.res)
FoR ExlsrrNc AREAs/NEw DEvELopMENT AREAs / LAyour AREAS tNcLUDING spEcIFrED AREAs.
-..'..
in
sq. m
Pa
p
rkin g
rovis io n
Ma x. heigh
A b u ting
Minimum setbacks
other side in mts
road wid th
Remarks
Less
12.2m
than
'12.2 m ts
Other
to
less th a n
sides
18m
100 &
uPto
200
2.
above
20A and
upto 3 00
a6-ove 3 0 0
and upto
stilt
floor
allowed
400
above 400
and upto
stilt floor
allowed
500
bove
00
and upto
750
is
stilt + cellar
allowed
Plot
Pa rkin g
provision
ize
in sq. rr
above 750
and upto
ls00
|
I
stilt + 2
ce
Max.height
permissible in
Less
12.2m
l8m
mts
than
12.2 m ts
to
less than
18m
to
less th a n
30 mts
3.0
4.5
3.0
3.0
l5
Oiher
30m
and
a bove
Rea
side
sides
6.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
4.5
6.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
4.s
6.0
9.0
1.0
7.4
tllowed
Below
I8
27
Remarks
llars
Below
(Chapter-4)
Minimum setbacks
other side in mts
uf B+ildi*g
in mts
Bye.Laws
Plan
and
(c) Elevation.
(a)plan : Plan of a building represents a horizontal section of building al given height seen
a general convention to imagine that the building has been cut down by
from top. For buildings, it is
rvindows and is seen front the top after retnoval of the so cLrt
ahorizontal plane at the sill tevel of the
part.
Thus plan of a building means the details that carr be seen which are belorv the window sill
(Chapter-5)
(b) Section : Section means vertical section. It is imagined that a finished building is cut
vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined veftical
plane right fiom top of the building to the lowest part of the foundation. "I'he view that can be seen
while travelling along this inraginary vertical plane when looking towards left is drawn to the same
scale as that adopted lor the plan arrd this vierv is callecl as sectional elevation, cross - section or
simply section.
Thus it is necessary to drarv a line on the plan to indicate the sectional line. Then the building
is imagined as cut into two portions along this line vertically. These section lines are named as
A - B or x - x. If it is indicated by A B, it means the view shall be drawn while travelling from
A to B and looking towards left of the line. When the sectional line is named as x - x ; then anow
heads shall be marked to indicate the way in which the sectional view is to be drawn. In some cases
an off-set is given to indicate the necessary details, but the off set in only to shift the vertical plane
"1
The dimensions shown in a line diagram are inside to inside dimensions. From the given
specifrcations, the thickness of walls in super structure shall be taken to draw the fully dimensioned
plan
to a convenient scale.
Devblopment of Plan :
The plan should be drawn at the bottom portiop on left side of the drawing sheet. To start
with, extreme left hand corner of the building should be taken and theJhickness of rvalls, length of
walls along length wise (vertically upward lines) and breadth wise (horizontally from the corner)
ng cross - walls to snow
tlre position of the elements, and to locate the position of doors, windows, etc.
Finally, the dimensions are shown in each room, width of wall etc., and plan can be obtained
accurate and sharp pencil lines.
AT
Br.J,
^J
'L
_l
.J.a I
I
1-
Note:l- Ipcaseofverandahs,thegivendimentionisuptotheendofverandahretainingwall.
2. The position of beams, sunshades, portico, ventilators which are above the sill level of
windows are shown with dotted or broken lines- Refer Fig. 5'2'
3. Line diagram : Line diagram is a sketch generally not drawn to a particular scale also
like living / Drawing, Bed room,
known as line sketch. The relative positions of all the elements
windows, openings etc., are
of
doors,
position
verandahs,
Toilets,
Dining,
Kitchen,
Guest room,
clearly shown with their sizes or dimensions
-[
-J
ia
^J
Bc = oFF sEr
FlG
5.1
The necessity of the section is to indicate all vertical dimensions like, details of foundation
viz; width and depth of C.C bed; masonry footings, basement, details of flooring, thickness of
flooring, sub floor, sand or gravel depth in the basement, height ofsuper structure, sizes ofdoors,
windows, almairahs, cupboards, other openings, thickness of roofing,.width and depth of parapet
wall, lintels, sunshades, portico and such other details. AII these details are very much required to
workout the quantities of all items of works and to execute the process of construction. Refer.
Fis. 5.2.
Development of section
The sectional view is drarvn on the top right side of drawing sheet. It is to be seen that the
foundation details will be above the boundaries of the plan.
(Chapter-5)
29
The view shall be started from starting point of the section line and the horizontal dimensions
along the section are represented in sequence in developing the sectional elevation.
Accordingly, thc section of walls from bottom to top, position of doors or windows that
are vier.r,ed shall be drarvn. From the given specifications, the foundation details, flooring detaits
roofing details are neatly drawn anci strch iriformaiion is tc be menticned in the section. But
the different rnaterials used in the construction shall be indicated by drawing the respective
conventional signs.
(c) Elevation : Elevation is the outward view of a completed building along any side of the
building. When a building is seen by standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as
front elevation. Similarly, building can be viewed from back side (rear elevation) or from any side
of it which is known as side elevation.
Development
ll
!|j,1
SIDE VIEW
llll
t
FRONT VIEW
HORIZONTAL
It
sEciloN ls
tl
rl
TAKEN JUST
ABOVE THE
SILL OF THE
wTNDOW
rlw
TO GET PLAN
WINDOW OPENING
Cenerally, the students during the second year study are expected to draw the front elevation.
ln such case, the elevation is obtained by projecting the details from the plan vertically upwards and
similarly projecting the details from section horizontally towards left side. The inter section of these
projections from plan and section helps to draw the elevation. Hence the front elevation shall be
exactly above the top of plan and is accommodated in the top left side of the drawing sheet.
The first projection line shall be from plinth off set (if provided in the plan). The projections
from sunshades, super structure walls, and to end points for doors, windows shall be made both
from plan and section to show the detailed drawing.
D 3 DOO8
FRONT ELEVATION
gEciloN
!! = WtilOOt{
- AB_
The rnethod of obtaining plan, section and Elevation of a single roomed house is illustrated in
/?
,.?,/
'/./
figure 5.2.
// ./
1t
?
TO GIVE MAXIMUM
CONSTRUCTUION DETA
METHOD OF OBTAINING PORTION
SECTION - CD
FtG.5.2
,Li
thick hav
(Chapter-5)
-6
i:'
The line diagram shows one bed room residential building. Draw the (a) pran (b) Section
(c) Front elevation to a scale of I : 50 to suit the following specifications : (Refer
alongA-A and
plate
i'
No' 4)'
I
l. rounuAtlurls: F\rr r.ne waus are IiIKen to a oeprtt oi 900 nln beiow gl'ound level
)--L:
rl
-- -- -
a ll
rl-
lt
ancl
BED ROOM
The brick masonry footing over c.c bed is 400 mm wide with equal offsets on either side
I
(700
- +OO) 1:
LIVING
3000 x 3600
4200
**
4. Super structure and roofing : All the walls are taken to a height of 3200 mm and are
200 mm thick.
outer face
of
R.C.C. slab roofing 120 mm thick and projected by 200 mm beyond the
of walls.
of
sun-shade at the
Isolated sun-shades are provided over windows and external doors extending from the,R.C.C.
lintels kept ever such openings on c6*tcr three sides.
In the above two cases, sunshades are projected 600 mm from the face of walls.
Lintels : R.C.C. lintels on all openings like doors, windows and cup boards are 150 mm
Doors; windows
& cupboards
3600
Roofing consists
D,=l0DS20
4=9DS lt
l{ =. l0 WT 12
DIAGRAM
'1
PLATE No. 4
2000
cerner
footinl
rl
o1
f-r50
and 40
150
ZTsot t
ELEVATION
rlWl
thick sl
r;--l
--l
FLOORING CONSISTS OF
20 mm THICK C.M (1.1) OvER
1o0 mm C.C. BEO (1.4.8)
I 50
200
and a|l i
thick
frd
SECTION AT . AA
i
I
4.i
3000 x 3600
BED ROOM
x 3600
HALL
360
9DS
l-1 00J
I
I
-'
Numbering
-200
=i=o
FULLYPANELLED DOOR
x I 800
1000 x 1200
FULLYPANELLED DOOR
900
18
10wTt2
Specifications
2000
1000
10 D S 20
^r
wi
t
i
nesignation
- -'f
300
300
300
depth is
42OO
EULLY PANELLED
WINDOW
CB : CUP BOARD 1200
Sd
projectin
of front
brick piil
beam, the
bearn and
x 1500
NOTE : All dimensions are in
ONE BED ROOM RESIDEN
3300 rnrn i
7.R
with
.7
With the given line sketch in Exercise - 7 and following specifications of a building, draw to
ale of l: 50 the following views. (Plate No. 5)
(a) Fully cjimensioned
plan
(b)
Specifications
8. Flooring : Flooring shall be of polished shahabed srone slab 25 mm thick over g0 rnm
thick cement concrete ( I : 3 : 6) over sand filling in the basement.
9. Parapet: Parapet 100 mm thick and 700 rnm height with brick masonry in C.M. (l :4)
shall be constructed all round the building. A coping of 150 x 50 mrn thick shall be provided over
the parapet.
The dimensions givcn in line cliagram arc intei-nal dinicnsioiis ai-r,i wi,jiir uiveranciah is upro
end of verandah retaining rvall.
Foundations: The depth of foundation shall be 1000 mm below ground level. The plain
cement concrete (l : 4 : 8) bed in the foundation will be 800 mm wide and 200 mm deep. The
footings shall be of brick masonry in C.M (l : a). Width of first and second footings wilt be 500 mm
and 400 mm respectively. rvhereas the depth of both the footings will be 400 mm.
1.
tread
10. Steps: Steps are provided in front side and rear side of length 1200 mm. The width of
300 rnm and rise of step : I 50 mm. These are founded over 150 mm C.C bed with 100 mm
Designation
Numbers
t0 DS 2l
Dr 4 No.
1000
9DS20
Dz 3 No.
900 x 2000
Wr 4 No.
nAA x 1500
1000 x 1500
12
wT
r5
I0 wT t5
A square brick pillar 200 x 200 mm is provided at the left corner in front verandah.
l0 v
Vr
4. Lintels and sun-shades : Lintels with R.C.C. (l :2:4) are provided on allopenings and
is 150 rnm with a bearing of 150 mm on either side.
12CR T I5
depth
(C*hapter-5)
Sun-shades 100 mm thick at the wall face and 75 mm thick at free end are provided
all exterior openings. A continuous sun shade is provided both sides
of front verandah. All the sun-shades shall project 600 mm from the face of the wall.
projecting from lintels over
5. Verandah
: In front
12 No.
2 No.
000
x 2100
-doC lazed
window
-doGlazed ventilator
1500
F!ushed shutters
-:'_:___J
_"^
V
V
TOILET
2000
160O
TOILET
2000
:,
1500
o'l
KITCHEN
3000
DINING
lo"
3200
c.B
8ED ROOM
3500 r 3900
LIVING
1500 x 4500
Flushed door
x 600
nA} x
Cup board
Specification
wl
I
A --'r;
wl
w2
wl
Development (Chapter-S)
33
ROOFING WITH
wlTH
PLATE No.
50
'-
150
l
OO
50 COPII{G
200
2OO
x 250
R.C.C.
BEAti'sool*-
200 x 200
BRICK PILLAR
50 THICK
D.P.C
150
ELEVATION
!
tt00
rHrcK
C.C. BED
25 THICK SHAHABD
STONE ST.AB FLOORING
OVER 80 THICK C.C. BED
400
rlv
Iv
L-
rIV
L
2000
D.Z
zR
5X
FO
Designation
LU(')
DINING
TOILET
2000 x 1 500
-.!
"3
--J
-1
-T
,,
*'i
I
!- -
lwi
LIVING
4500 x 4500
-J
4500
t-
--
r-
-t
Specifications
size in mm
l0
DS
2l
200
BED ROOM
3500 x 3000
Modular
Numbers
3200
*r.
(?
J600
-?800
600
foo
SECTIONALONGAB CD
200
TOILET
t-
[,- aoo -{
:Iso
rest
-{zoo
l+-1 200
l-w-l
--1--
Dz _
9DS20
1000 x2100
Dl
3No
15
wt
l0 wT
15
W2 : 2No
l0v6
12 CBT I5
V :
C.B. :
equalj
'l
wT
12
Flushed Door
900
x
1000 x
1200
2No
2 No
1200
1s00 wlDE
VERANDAH
000
Flushed Door
2000
1500
1500
Glazed window
heigh
-do--
x 600
Glazed ventilator
1500
and td
150
fhickn
wall s
BRICK
PILLAR
2OO
x 2OA t_
rn
L-{'-.i
PLAN
--
Note :
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
(chapter-51
EXERCISE I 8
@u=9
,,o""rin:"l::::;'#'"hj1;:ilH:ffi"th:i
fcilic.tions draw the following views 10. scal of I : 50(a) Fully dimensional derailed plan
a scale
spcifications
and -
Plare No. 6)
of I :
fovidedinftonrsideofbuirdins.ndonrisht
9. Flooring : Flooring
and
(l :4:g).
100
consists
100 mm
thick c.c
bed
The remaining depth ofbasernent is filled with sand and gravel and thoroughly comp.cted.
10. Doors & windorrs : Doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as pr
depq of 1000 nm below ground leveland lhe schedul given.
Est on C.C. ( I : 4 : 8) bed 800 mm wide and 300 mm deep. The rmaining portion consists of two
sitcpl'n.: The FoPosed building is to be constucted in plot no. 12 with east facing having
footings 5oo mm and 400 mm wide and at 4oo mm and 300 mm deep. The footing are of brick
an aPproach to I0 m wide toad in vidya nagar 3td line. The compound wall all round the plot is
in C.M. (l : 4).
l.
are taken !o a
mrsonry
iltffiJn[|#:r[1"1"$Hfff$ffiilffiffJilT ii;i,l#liTi']l,I
m Northem
2. Brsemenr:Arrthewarsare3o0mmwideandrheheishtorbasementis600mmabove
garcral
G'L'
3.
Steps : Steps of | 200 mm wid are provided wiih brick masonry in C.M. (l : 6) on
rcar
and
side and rest on C.C bed ( I : 4 : 8) 150 mm thick and having offset on the three
tont
qlnlto 100 mm. Tread ofeach step = 300 mm & ris = 150 mm.
Rear side
both
sides
4. SupeKtructure : All the walls are 200 mm thick excepl two partition walls between bed
toilet and dining & toilet which are consfucted on the floor with a thickness of 100 rnm. The
lFight of walls is 3300 mm to the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab.
a[d
5. Lintels & sun-shrdes : R.C.C. (l : 2 :4) lintels are providej on all openings with
150
R.C.C sunshades are provided on all exterior doors, windows rind ventilators with 90 mm
wall face and 75 mm thickness at free end. The projedion ofsun-shades bgyond
surface is 700 mm.
tlickness at
wall
6. Front verandah :
{he
3.0
lchapter-s)
'T1
Designation
[- r obo-'l
umbering
15
CBT 18
Dr :- 2No
D2 =- 3No
Wr - lNo
W2 _ 7No
C.B : 2No
r0
v6
V -
r0 DS 2l
KITCHEN
9 DS
2800 x 3400
DINING
800 x 3400
18
ls wQ t2
l0 wT t2
TOILET
1800
1800
D2
LIVING
4800 x 4200
BED ROOM
4000 x
30.00
w2
12OO
WIDE VERANDAH
209 x 200
BRICK PILLAR
b rooo {
A1,J
FIG. LINE DIAGRAM
Modular size
in mm
Specifications
t000 x 2100
l0 D'r 2l
PUJA
35
3No
-:-Ln_^_ .i dr rr7f
..\
I
Z IUU -
UUU
x I 800
1500 x 1200
1000 x t200
1500 x 1800
900
000
600
Fully panelled
-
dTe''or
Flushed door
Glazed window
Glazed window
Flushed shutters
Glazed ventilator.
(Cliapter-51
PARAPET
1OO
MM THICK
PLATE No. 6
200 x 250
R.C.C BEAM
roo
30
c)
o
q
o-
200
DINING ROOM
x
f
o
o
o
o
o
2800
3500
3400
E
*-{-+
I
?ol
oo
rl.
JX
LIJ
W;
OoC)
r-
_l
'
o I
a
L-
(o
r-
@
+
LIVING ROOM
4600 x 42OO
Iw2
w2
BED ROOM
4000
w2
x 3600
'l'L-
'-1
Fco
r-
200
-{
PLOT NO. 19
tt:
6,
i.v
200
50
SECTION LONG - AA
-r
cf)
l-w;t
KITCHEN
Cl')
(f)
300
Fr
,2
o
o
3
300
400
MOSAIC TILED FLOORING
OVER lOO THICK C.C BED
300
388
600
SAND FILLING
400
ELEVATION
-1/-I
f*-
-J
R.C.C BEAM
200 x 250
PLAr
No.@
93 00
COMPOUND
WALL
PLor No.
PLOT NO;
BRICK PILLER
200 x 2AA
200 wtDE'
VERANDAH
1
10 m WIDE ROAD
VIDYA NAGAR 3Td LINE
W,I
t- - - 4000
200
204
RESIDENTIAL BUILI}ING
/
EXERCISE
lchaptr-s|
37
-9
Frortr the given line diagranr of'a residential btrilding develop fully dimensioned plan, section
along ABCID and liont elevation. Drarv these vicu,s to a scale of I : 50 with the following specificarions : (Reler plate No. lj
Specifications
1600
LOBBY
Foundations : Allthe rnain walls 200 mrtt thick in superstructure are taken to a depth
900 mm. The bonom C.C bed (l : 4 : 8) is 850 mm wide and 300 rnm deep. The rernaining depth
600 mm is of stone masonry footing 450 mm thick r'vith equal off set on either side.
of
of
KITCH EN
4. Sit-out:
Entrance of the building is provided rvith a sit out in the form of a quadrartt of a
circle with a radius of 1450 mrn. Similar shape of R.C.C. beam 200 x250 mm is provided with its
bottom at 2100 mm fiom floor level.'fhe remaining portion above the curved beam and bottom of
R.C.C. roof consists of brick masonry wall 200 mm thick.
BED ROOM
4000 x 3600
LIVING
4200 x 3600
Dtl
I
114s
DtslT
; ot,tr
5.
Steps : Steps in the same shape as that of sit-out are provided rvith brick masonry with
tread:300 mm; rise = 150 nun. Rear side steps with the same tread and rise are of spread type
having length of top step equal to 1000 rnm. All thesesteps have a C.C bed foundation 150 mm
thick below G.L.
6. Roofing: Roofingconsists of R.C.C. (l:2:4) slab 120 mm thickand finished with
l2 mm thick weather proof course.7. Parapet : Brick masonry parapet 100 mm thick and 700 mm height is constructed around
the building and is provided with a coping projecting 50 mm beyond the face of the parapet wall.
R.C.C. Lintels and sun-shades : 120 mm thick R.C.C. (l :2 :4) lintels are provided on
;.' openings with a bearing.of 150 mm on either side.
R.C.C. sun-shades extend from bottom of these lintels provided over exterior openings by
r J mm. These are 90 mm thick at the face of the wall and 75 mm thick at free end.
9. The sun-shade at-the entrance is provided extending from the curved beam provided over
thr "it-out.by 600 mm as shown in the line diagrams.
10. Flooring: Flooring consists of Mossaic tiled floor laid over 100 mm C.C. (l :4 : 8) bed.
8.
: These shall
be provided as
ri
L)
c)
c{
D
Basement : Basement is also of stone masonry 300 mm thick and height of basement is
3. Superstructure : All the walls except in the toilet are of brick masonry and 200 mm
thick. The partition walls in toilets are 100 rnm thick brick masonry walls constructed from plinth.
All the rvalls are taken to a height of 3200 mm from floor level to boftom of R.C.C. roof slab.
lI.
D1
2400 x 3200
450 mm.
Th.'
tzOO
o
o
F @
LU r
F
l.
2.
TOILET
(Chapter-5)
PLATE No. 7
r20
;o uu
450
o:
l- *,-l
ELEVATION
600
iv
[Ailf
cl
TOILET
__
KITCHEN
1600
1200
LOBBY
2400 x 3200
]'D1
D?
I
I
:-=l.'
-Y-
l= 6.o
oo
F
J
UJ
Dl
r-
lwr
l-
LIVING
x 3800
Dr
-\
l*'
L-
SITOUT
Z l/t
///"
w
4200
2w
Numberering
l0 DT 2l
r0 DS 20
9 DS 18
rs wQ t2
l0 wT t2
l0v6
600
:-t
Designation
Modular
size in mm
3600
I
12OA
SECTIONALONGAB CD
Schedule of doors, v,indow,s
-.!
t_
BED ROOM
4000 x 3600
800
-*f
_l
Dr
oso---{
I
1
cv
D2
1--
o
F o
o
l*'
-T
300
llr
f___-
l-
2No.
Dr 4 No.
D2 2 No.
W 2No.
Wr 4 No.
V 2No.
x 2t00
x
I 000
2000
1000
x I 800
1500 x 1200
1000 x t200
900
000
x 600
A _ ALMAIRAH
1500 x
C.B
25A0 x 2000
Specifications
200
A RfiSIDENCE
- 10
The cottage cum rest house is to be planned with trvo bed rooms, hall, kitchen
garage and clos0d verandah, with intemal dimensions as below'
4
&
dining,
Hall
4.2
^s
4.6 m
Kitchen =
Dining
Garage
x 3.2m
2.5 m wide
Attached toilet to bed rooms and general toilet have to be provided suitably.
Refer plate no. 8 and draw the views given to a scale
of I
: 50.
line
From the given detailed drawings list out the detailed specifications and draw the
diagram rquired for developing the plan given.
{Chapte r- 5}
IU
ioo THtcK
999.40
1207
I
f050
I
600
21 00
_J00
-I---ru?oi v
- -r
-*;
-l
TOIL ET
-l
o
o
rt
crF
(fF
90
XI
r-
x 4600
BED ROOM
42A0
t-
r - V--]
SECTION AT .
FLOORING:MOSAIC TILED
FLOORING OVER, 100 mm
o
OF
NLU
tj
op
loo
300
i- "'l--;
c)
800 ri 290
ELEVATION
c)
[rJ
zR
LUo
3X
Fo
;F
:cg(\I
[*,
C.C. BED
-l
wrl
_J
3200
SECTIONALONGAB CD
.'
3600
4200
BED ROOM
Nu m
'ou{$
-1
wr;
v. I
I
4200 x 3200
DtNtNG IF
lw
D,
- j--
-3200
s ws
,?{rDr
3600
Dl
2500
VERAI.J DAH
9 DS
18
7 DS
18
wQ t2
t0 wT t2
15
2570
!
pecifications
in mm
s00
ws
r00 on either
side
of 1 000 DT 2000
Dr-4No
1000 x 2000
Flush Door
Dr: I No.
D,:4No.
900 x r 800
700 x I 800
1500 x r 200
1000 x t200
Flush Door
DT 2A/5 WS l0
(D:
l0 DS 20
size
t IF
Mocl u la r
bering
lNo)
w
Wr _
6No.
Flush Door
Glazed- Window
Glazed Window
RAMP
r; ;.----;
3600--*T
arf-_-
42oo#pLAN
li
42oo
-,
,J
R _ ROLLING SHUTTER
Note .' All dimensions are in rnm.
Stirs and
Staircases lchaptr-61
6.2
ffi
lollows
Ti?e cf buitding
l-he stairs are a series of steps properly arranged to connect different floors in a building. The
hall or room in which the stairs are located is called a stair case.
6.1
150 mm
300 mm
190 mm
250 mm
3. Minimum
buildings
buildings
=
=
1.0 m
1.5 m
head room : The minimum clear head room in any stair case shall be 2.2 m
4. Width of landing: The width of landingshould in no case be less than width of the stairor
flighr width.
is known
as flight.
6.3
TYPES OF STAIRS
6. Landing: A horizontal
7. Going : It is the horizontal distance between the faces of two consecutive risers.
8. Hand rail : Wooden or metallic rail which is generally provided on the sides of stairs at
about 750 mm for hand hold and safety of users is termed as hand rail. The vertical height from top
of rail to the surface of tread should not be more than 850 mm and should not be less than 750 mm.
or waist slab.
is the
as nosing.
of
inter-
by a landing
(iii) Half - turn stair : The two flights will be separated by a landing so that the change
as
the direction
roomr It
(b) Public
Minimum tread
without nosing
(a) Residential
10. Head
Max-inturn riser
2. Minimum
l. Step : A part of stairs consisting of a tread and riser which is used to ascent or descent
-from one
floor to the other.
2. Tread : The horizontal upper
According to the building byelaws the maximum riser and minimum' width of tread are as
.\,,,\-/^\.2^\-/,v^.\:/^v,\
l.
4r
is
1800.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Dog-legged stair
Open Well stair either with half tum or quarter turn.
Biturcated st4ir
stair
'12
Civil Ensineering
/a/"
(Chapter-61
Drawing-l
&--v*-*v-,--,
*v----
(i)
Dog-legged stair
and
(ii) Open-well
stair.
In most of the residential buildings dog - legged stairs are commonly used. In case of public
buildings open'weii stairs may be preierreci.
SECTION D-D
SECTION A.A
SECTION B-B
DOG LEGGED
FtG. 6.1
ELEVATION
SECTION C-C
PLAN
QUARTER TURN
SECTION E-E
z-QUARTER TURN
OPEN WELL
UP
PLAN
BIFURCATED
PLAN
Figure 6.3 shows the plan and section of a Dog - legged stair to il Iustrate the different terrns
involved in stairs, like head room, floor height, landing, tread, rise etc.,
CIRCULAR
GEOMETRICAL
DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAIRS
SEMI.ELLIPTICAL
Sta ir s
Staircases
(Chapter-6)
HEADRooMANDFLooRHEIGHT
FLOOR
OR
ROOF
LANDING
I
FLOOR
= I{EIGHT BETWEEN
HEIGHT
FLOOR
=
= TREAD
= RISE
I
C
Ir
u
Le
sEcrloN oN 'c'D'
Dr
rec
Ins;
Hei
NOTE :
WTHOUT BEAM
Thir
TANDING SI.AB
MAY BE SUPPORTED
IN WALLS A.A
OR IN THE B
wid
Calr
Nu
PLAN OF R.C.C. STAIR
FlG.6.3
Civil Engineering
#*14
rawing-l
(Chbpter-61
';,{
,:#'
#
l.
EXERCISE
-tI
Arrangingintwoflights,No.ofrisesineachflat:+
Draw the plan and sectional elevation on C-D (as indicated in the plan) to a scale of
with the following details : (Refer plate 9-l).
:20
No. of treads required in each fligttt = 12
l0
Length
:
:
1000
:2000
mm
')
.J
.?
Width of
flight=
- 300b mm
3
000
II
:4.
#,
Calculations
No. of flight
-2
- 1500 mm
Width of top landing : 1530 mm
150 mm
1500 mm
I 500
mm
:&
212.2 mm
6000 -2(1s00)
stair with
9-2).
rectangular well for an office building with the following data (Refer plate no-
width of flight
- 270 x I I - 2970 mm
Remaining length - 3000 - 297A - 30 mm
:3'60
1500 mm
1-
2 x width of flights
=2
(1500
-2
4500
flight)
Width
- I =II
- 2970 mm
No. of treads in each flight No. of rises in each flight - 12
Tread - 270 mm; Rise : 150 mm
Length of open well
:Y.
600
150
-24
1500 mm
(Chapter-6)
1st FLOOR LEVEL
,-
1*-
PLATE:
R C..C HAND
-T
25O
-t
HALF LANDING
l.
270 TREAD
o
lf)
157 RISE
(o
't
and
bath.
(l:4:8)
!t-
WAIST
SLAB
Tht
150
nd depth
250
*l \
The
L-l
3
-*rri
o footin
SECTION ON - AB
2.I
ment
is
receive fl
ELEVATION ON
-l_
-r
f*
1000
SECTION 'AA
2500
3.
1
O0o
ls
-*l
ight
Sl
are I0r
frorn :
4. sti
with
wi
+
A
A
o
o
N
x 27O=2970
1000 x 2100
1200
1200
f--
11
wi
PLAN
9.1
DIMENSIONS ARE IN
P = 1000 x 2100 mm
l/{ = 1200 x 1200 mm
OPEN WELL
9.7
,T
'Ri
,, No.
:.': Lgn
Hei
Civil Engineering
EXERCISE
D.awing-l
I I2
I : 50 the (a) plan (b) section along A-A and (c) front elevation as shown
plate- t 0 with following specifications.
Draw to a scale of
,;n
the
l.
Foundations : All the walls are load bearing walls except the partition walls in toilets
These
load bearing waiis are taken to a ciepth oi i000 mm below G.L. and rest on C.C.
,antibath.
g) bed 800 mm wide and 300 mm deep.
itt
'+ '
The first footing is 500 mm wide with equal
depth
(*#)
= ,ro
**
6. Flooring : Flooring
(l
lsare 100 mm thick constructed from floor level. The walls are taken to a height such that the
case
150 mm
flight-ll
R.C.C.
(l
:2
:4) slab
x280:3080mm
- 7 50 mm
100 rnm
8.
120 mm thick.
The second footing is 400 mm wide with 50 mm offset on either side and 300 mm in depth.
: a).
o footings are of brick masonry in C.M.
3. Superstructure : All
{Cha ptsr- 6l
(l
:4:
8) 100 mm thick.
as indicated in the
plan.
9. Lintels &
sun-shades
doors, windows and ventilators.
: R.C.C. lintels
Isolated sun-shades are provided over all windows, ventilators and doors provided in the
external walls projecting 700 mm beyond the face of walls.
Staircases lchapter-6)
Stairs and
ro THlcx R.c.c
47
P[.,ATE : l0
SLAE
colu
ELEVATION
r :--1
Vl
700
l- *;--i
IIOSAIC TILE
mm THICK OVER A
C.C. 8ED OF t00 mm
lvf
o
o
oF
s{ tl1
x/
3300 x 3d00
o9
gF
KITCHEN
-t
v. I
-_J
f--
l*,
Design a tion
f-rV
r_-
FLOORING
l5
3200 wlDE
LIVING CUM
800 rl 500
TOILET
DINING
Numberering
I\'lodular
size
4000 x 4500
WS r2lr r DT
1?J.6
WS I
2No
Specifica tions
in mm
ll00 x
2lO0
BED ROOM
f---
glass pares)
l*;
-'l
L-
3300
*'l
{200
t*o
I DT/21
D, -
lNo
I100
x 2lo0
Panclled
l0 DS/20
Dr -
ZNo
1000
20OO
9DSr20
Dr -
lNo
9O{)
2O00
DS/IE
Dr -
4No
700
W -
7No
I 100
x 1800
x 1200
,ritir
shutter
-do
BED ROOM
{roo
*;?bt;tffl
--1
j':!'
::j rA
--J
-- -.-.- r
trrtrrEl:r-I]:l=rl-.
n;j
l*Fpldf I'l'f '1"1"!
-,
-
t0 wT t2
Glazed
windo'*' with-two
shutters
I.
Note
@0
400
600
600
V V. -
4No
2No
6ffi x
600
400
600
Glazed ventilator
Glazed ventilator
(1
:1
CEME
48
vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
vvv
Drawino-t {Chaorr-6t
vvvvvvv\.,vvvv-vvvJvvvv-v\./\,/WvWvivvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Civil Enqineerino
EXERCISE
I I3
l-he plan, section and elevation of two storeyed framed structure are shown in plate No. I l.
to
Draw a scale of I :50 the following viervs rvith the specifications as given below
vvvvv
All
these columns
of
b1:
1000
-----+
3.
_t
x
200 R.c.c
COLUMN
Stairs : Dog - legged stair with half turn landing is provided for vertical communication
:-
Width of landing
_ 1000 mm
Tread
R.C.C. COLUMN
800
200
200
FOOTING
(t:4:8)PLAIN
rooo --{
CRETE
LEVELTING COURSE
FOR
COlUitN
C,
27
_ 150 mm
100
---100
100
100
+1ooo_-4
LEVELLING
4.
FOR COLUMN Cr
- 750 mm
:90
Balconies
: Balconies
mm
are provided
200
:2
I going
1000 mm
I 600
R.C.C. (1
: 6).
1;r00
(l
200
3,s0
The hight of roof in the ground floor is 3200 mm and in the first floor it is 3000 mm (from
'
-+
of basement is 600 mm
and first floor is with brick masonry walls 200 mm thick in C.M.
t
t
leaii
of
Basemenl :- Height
!i
courses
l.
il
v\
The size of the column footing for square columns is 1000 x 1000 mm, where as for
rectangular columns the footing size is 1000 x 1500 rnrn. All colurnn footings resl on levelling
course consisting (l :4 :8) concrete with 40 mm hard broken granite stones laid to a thickness ol'
100 mm.
vvv
Rooling R.C.C. roof slab 120 mm thick is laid both in ground floor and first floor. Same
ihickness of roof slab is laid over srair _ case room.
5. Height of s.tair-case room : Access is provided to go from the first floor to the open
tnace and the height stair-case provided for this purpose is with 2500 mm clear height. The roof
slab over the stair case projects 750 mm on all four sides.
6. Flooring : Flooring
(l
: 4 : 8) bed
of 100
7.
Doors, windows, ventilators & cup boards : The doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as given in the schedule below :
Designation
Numbers
r0 DS 20
9DS20
Modular size
in mnr
Specifications
000
x 2000
D, _7No.
900
2000
9 DS 18
D^I
9C0
7 DS 18
700
wR t2
Dj _4No.
W -4No.
wT t2
'W,
15
12
6V 4
20G
12
_ 14 No.
V -6No.
G-2
Cupboards
C.B.: 4 No.
Alrnairahs
_2No.
800
x 1200
1200 x t200
1500
tioo
-do-do-
900
400
x 120_0
3000 x I 500
1800 x 1500
2000
Glazed ventilator
M.S. Grill
(Chapter-61
50
Civit Ensineering
Drawing-t
(Chsptr-61
PLATE No. I I
I
B
r
B
rl
KITCHEN
ot
ol
vl
lct
--t
BED ROOM
4800 x 4600
w1
c)
2300 wtDE
DINING
4600 '.-3000
r3l
v/,
I
I
lw
__l
V
2100
x 1500
240A
2100
V
c2
ARCH
--J
.rLfiJ
{.
L-
1500
TOILET
2400 * 1 500
-\
Dr
t--
10
l1 -tt rl-l fI
j5i q_
c2
2OOO WIDE
OP EN ING
800
500
vz
;t
\-
4600 x 4600
LIVING
BED ROOM
1 600
F--G----
cl
HH
25
I I
BI
c/c
)rl
-f
4800
.5_
4800 x 4600
00 c/c
-1
vl
4800 x
4600
LIVING
4600 x 4600
BED ROOM
vl
_l
-t
wt;
*,f
-J
c2T
c2
r z'ool
2500 ctc
ARCH 2ooo
WIDE OPENING
li:l
ctc
--l
4800 x 4600
w'l
TOILET
KITCH EN
TOILET
TOILET
BED ROOM
2300 wtDE
DiNING
4600 x 300
I
t'L
c1
wl
,l
r11
lcr
- t-1'lt-<
wr
.lz so
OVER120RCCSLAB
'l-
-Tto
200
200
-1800
+"
120
200
CANTI LEVER
BEAM
t.
I
600
sl
i^l
ji-I
I
ELEVATION
1600
F;;i-
200 x
MOSAIC TILED
FLOORING 20 THICK
fffl
c'c BA'E
E=li
350
ll
fl
JL
(i
=--J
SECTION ON A B
of
drawing here.
ELEVATION
SECTION ON
(Chapter-6)
TO BE TNCORPORATED
THE STANI'ARI' FORMAT FOR OBTAINING SANCTION FROM LOCAL BODY FOR A RESIDENTTAL BUILDING (TWO STOREYED, TWO BED ROOM
BUILDING) INCLUDINC A RAINWATER HARVESTINC STRUCTURE).
Following drawings are to sub mitted to accord permission for construction of a residential building
(a)
tt
il
i
7
Building plan
The pkn is !o be drau,n to I scale of lcm = lm. [n the case ofa multi storeyed building say two storeyed building plan ofground floor and first floor are to be
dlawn on the building. The plan shall clearly indicate essential servics such as w.C, sinlq bath .oom etc.
i
1
!
/shatl
include sectional elev.tion and front levatiol. The drawing shall include terrece plan indicating lfie drainsge .nd slop of the roof. The
occupancy ofall parts ofthe building shall be indicated.
The dnwing
t,
l
t
,i
'1
'i
ii
(b)
Site plan
The boundalies ofthe site ofthe owner and position ofsite of neighbours also shall be clearly indicated. The site plal is to be drawn to. scale of 1:1000. The site
plan shall clearly indicatc the position of street (main) and stuica streeb any. It shall essentially indicate stbacks providd. The merns ofaccess ofsite shall b
clsrly indicated. Site plan shall clearly speciry the plot (site) area and dimensions of boundaries and proposd build up area in the site. The widlh ofadjoinilg
streets shall be clearly mentioned. lrcation of min harvesting pits .nd drawings orere of shall be shown in sile plar.
(c)
Location plan
Location of site clearly indicating suwey No., ward No. etc., shall be dlawn though not be a scale.
(d)
Service plan
tn this plan, layout of water supply pipes and drainage Iines is to be cle.rly shown.
(e)
Specifications
Spcifications regarding construction shall be cleady mentioned i.., for e"xample whethers it is R-C.C. constuction or Brick ino.ks and grade of mix and mortar
shall be cleatly mentioned.
(O
Details of openings
Numbcr, size and qudity of doors and windows shall be cle.rly mcntioned.
(g)
Schedule
of
areas
Total site area, Covered sra, Total floor area and F.A.R shall be clearly mcrtioned in the area schedule.
Note : For more details refer to building byclaws frahed by the concemed local aulhorities.
Stairs and
EXERCISE
Staircass lchaptr-61
5.
6.
14
Plate No. l2 shows the Plan and Elevation of a "Primary Health Centre". Draw plan, section
along X-X and Elevation to a scale of I : 100 from the specifications given below :
l.
For*ndations : A$ the walh ineluding +erandah retaining wal{ arc taken+o+ dep+h
1.2 m below Cround level. The walls up to basement are of Store Masonry.
450 mm deep
Basement
600 mm deep
300 mm wide
of
53
700 mm.
Doors &.Windows : All doors are single leaf flushed doors and windows are glazed type.
cf
:
W:
V:
D,
, -
x
1000 x
750
1800 mm
1200 mm
Ventilator 400 mm
650 mm
Note :Any other data required may be assumed suitably from the experience gained from previous
exercises.
300 mm deep
I : 4 : 8)
2. Superstructure: All the walls are 200 mm thick and of brick masonry in C.M
The height of walls from floor levelto the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab is 3.3 m.
(l
: 5).
Brick pillars 200 mm x 200 mm at 3 100 mm ClC are constructed in front verandah and are
taken to a height of 2100 mm and R.C.C. beam 200 mm x 350 mm is laid overthese pillars as
shown in plan by dotted lines. The remaining height (between top of R.C.C. beam and R,C,C roof
slab) is filled with brick masonry 200 mm thick.
Continuous sun-shade from the beam projects 700 mm from the outside face of pillars. For
the other exterior winciows anci ventiiaioru, isoiated sun-shades extending from the bottom of lintels
over respective openings with the same projection beyond the face of wall are provided. Thickness
of sun-shades at wall face is 75 mm and at free end, its thickness is 50 mm.
R.C.C. lintels 120 mm thick with a bearing of 150 mm on either side of opening are provided
on all doors, windows & ventilators.
At the entrance 4.0 m wide opening is provided and height of opening is 2.1 m. R.C.C. beam
x 400 mm is laid over this opening, the remaining height is with brick masonry wall.
200 mm
Another R.C.C. beam (shown with dotted lines in the plan) 200 mm
the waiting hall.
475 mm is provided in
3. Flooring : Flooring consists of polished Shahabad Stone slabs 25 mm thick over C.C.
(l :4:8) bed 100 mm thick. The remaining depth of basement is filled with crushed quarry gravel
and fully compacted.
4. Roofing : Roofing consists of R.C.C. slab 120 mm thick and is finished with 2 courses
of flat tiles 150 x 150 x 10 mm laid in C. M (l : 4) as weather proof course.
lr^.-f-^:..
64-
Civil Engineering
Drawing-l
(Chapter-6)
PLATE No. 12
RURAL HOSPITAL
r- - --J
1wl
fI
t-
*I
-Ttoo
-l
r-
l*
wt
-J
MALE DOCTQR'S
ROOM
4000 x 3800
6000 x
7000
ELEVATION
!-;-l
!'-- w
-l
LADY DOCTOR'S
ROOM
3000 x
3800
-t
wl
TECHNICIAN'S
ROOM
!-;-l
f-
sW
t-;
[l
t-
l:-
fv
CLINICAL LAB
o
.(3
o
gal-r?
FUJ x
zJ
utFo
otr3
N
3000 x
c.
5000
OFFICE ROOM
4000 x
3000
500
DISPENSARY
4000 x
3000
o
o
o
uJrl
dx
o
Fo
NURSE'S ROOM
3000 x
3000
a3
LADIE'S
TOILET
2000
lso
Tzoo
----.--L---J
&
;lrl
t
I
I
3000
3000
-1
VI
c\l
't
-J
r-
l;TI
2000
-rt
2oo
Stai.s and
EXERCISE
Staircases lchaptsr-61
of
Fully dimensioned Plan and Elevation of a "Primary School" are shown in Plate No : 13. Draw
: .* given plan to a scale of I : 100 and section along, ABCD with its front elevation, to suit the
irecifications given below :
l. Foundation: All the walls including verandah retaining wall are taken to a depth of
i.2 m and reston C.C (l :4 : 8) bed 1000 mm wide x 300 mm deep. The remaining part of the
tbundation consists of brick masonry in C.M (l : a) footings as below :
lst footing 700 mm wide x 300 mm
deep
2nd
deep
3rd
footing
500 mm wide
(l
walls.
6.
Parapet : Thickness of parapet wall is 100 mm and is taken to a height of 700 mm,
50 nrnrr thiryk csping is provided over the parapet.
7. Flooring: Flooring consists of 25 mm thick Shahabad stone slabs over 100 mtn thick
C.C bed. The remaining depth of basement is filled with gavel and well compacted.
300 mm deep
: 5) and
D=
=
W:
D,
2. Basement : The thickness of wall in basement is 400 mm and the height of basement
is 750 mm.
3. Superstructure : Allthe walls are 300 mm thick with brick masonry in C.M (l
FE
2.1 m
1.8 m
1.4 m
takert to a height of 3.6 m to the bottom of R.C.C roof slab from floor level.
The interior corridor is 2.5 m wide ( to the edge of verartdah retaining wall from face of
the superstructure wall) and 300 mm x 300 mm brick pillars are provided with their spacing
as mentioned in the plan. These pillars are taken to a height of 2.1 m and R.C.C. beam 300 mm x
450 mm is laid on all three sides.
A short wall 100 mm thick (dwarf wall) and 900 mm height is constructed between these
brick masonry pillars and the remaining height of 1.2 m is covered with M.S. grills.
tt00
R.C.C. beams are also provided over the entrance (3000 mm wide) and on the other side
m wide at a height of 2.1 m from floor level.
:
Other beams provided in (verandah) conidor are at the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab.
4. Lintels &
intertr
On the exterior side a continuous lintel beam is provided and from this linted beam,
sun-.:iade extends which is continuous alround the building to a length of 600 mm from the face of
the r. ..i.
,^,2\.
- v v vv
v v v v v v v v v vvv
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v vv
v v vv\
/\.--../
56
SCHOOL BUILDING
='t,t,,
ELEVATION
D
=Tl
i
-w-'w-
I
I
w-w
600
r
{-50
u)oo
. Jo
I
I
LABORATORY
CLASS ROOi\4
7500 x 6000
CLASS ROOM
6000 x 7500
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
6000 x 6000
9000 x 6000
Ig."
J(9
9so
Fo<>
ilIV fsoo
ll
t,
u$ t;
6000
D1
I
300
W
25 00
WIDE CORRIDOR
2500
_j
600
I
I
I
CLASS ROOM
6000 x 7000
3OO
AT 3000 c/c
Wi
ll
|-sooo{
ri
3oo
STAFF ROOM
6000 x 4000
I
I
300 x
2500 wtDE
I
I
I
Yv
I
ti
HEAD MASTER
ROOM
6000 x 2850
''
-r-J-
:
I
ENTRANCE
6000 YvrDE
oFFlcE
6000 x 2850
CLASS ROOM
7500 x
6000
CLASS ROOM
7500 x
0000
ROOM
7500 x 6000
CLASS
o
I
CLASS ROOM
7500 r 6000.
W-W-
a.-)
PLAN
J d)
E
6o
Fgobo{
Fo
UI
I
a
- -r
tu,,
1"
600
Sta ir s
Staircases
57
(Cha pter- 6)
EXERCISE . t 6
Continuous lintel is laid (door & window openings) at a height of 2.1 m from floor level and
similar sun-shade shall be provided on all exterior sides.
The line diagram showing the Plan of "DIVISIONAL ENGINEER'S OF'FICE" is shown in
the Plate 14. Draw to a scale of I : 100
l. Foundations : All the walts including verandah retaining walls are taken to a depth of
1.5 m below ground level and founded on C.C. bed (l : 4 : 8) 1000 mm wide x 300 mm deep.
The C.C bed is laid over 150 mm thick sand bed thoroughly watered and compacted.
The remaining depth of 1.2 m consists of two stone masonry footings each 600 mm deep
and 700 mm; 500 mm wide respectively.
Basement : Stone masonry 400 mm thick and 600 mm height becomes the basement.
Over basement 50 mm thick D.P.C. is laid.
2.
4. Brick pillars,
Front entrance is 2.0 m wide and provided with a collapsible gate (D,) to a height of 2.1 mrlso M.S.Grills are provided as indicated by G and G, in the plan.
R.C.C. beam 300 mmx 425 mm is provided over ttte entrance opening from which a front
portico 3.0 m wide projecting 2.5 m from the outer face of the wall shall be provided..
T - beam 300 mm
The square brick pillars in the conidor shall be taken to a height of 2.1 m over which R.C.C.
beam 300 mm x 450 mm is laid. From this beam, continuous sun-shade projecting 700 mm beyond
the face of the wall shall be provided.
Terrazo tiled roofing l2 mm thick perfectly laid & joined shall be provided
tflftmmrhirk Qrritclrlerrreteri*lsh*lll|]erl<edfnfilltheremainingoortionofthe
6. Flooring:
q v.v uvu
uYvI
^i;;;o117+ti;,txf
basement.
7. Parapet Watl :
100 mm thick
8.
Doors, Windows
D:
D,
=
WVG:
G,:
D,
& Ventilators
2100
1800
1500
x
M.S. Grill 1500 x
1500
1500
are provided over a dwarf wall 100 mm thick and 600 mm height.
PLATE No.
WW
BLUE
PRINT
ROOM
4000 -z 6
DRAUGHT'S MEN
ROOM
7000 x
Tnnn
f vvv
6000
TECHNICAL
SECTION AND
.RECORDS
TECH NICAL
ASSISTANTS
25OO
v AfrAfi
\rvvv
7000 x
6000
SA N ITA RY
UNIT
/lnnn
avvv
Ltv\,v
x An^n
WIDE CORRIDOR
EX EC UTIVE
ENGINEER
7000
6000 x
o
E.
E,
O
UJ
O
o
tr)
N
D
_-J
Fo
Zo
z<
o s3
zx
f
2o Oo
C)o
Q
?3
SANITAflY
CLERICAL SECTION
1
5000 x 6000
STATIONARY
ROOM
4000 x 6000
UNIT
4000 x
600Q
Note
mm
,_
(Cha pter- 6)
14
EXERCISE
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
3.3 x 4
3.3 x 4
3x4
KITCHEN
9.5 x 8
I I7
The dimensioned plan of an hostel building and plan of one floor consisting six apaftments
in a floor are shown in Plate No. 15 and 16. Draw to a convenient scale the plans of the above
assuming the suitable wall thickness.
trY
fLAl
DINING
9.5 x 13
ROOM
4 x 3.3
o
o
ROOM
o
(J
E.
4 x 3.3
tU
o
OPEN TO SKY
(o
ROOM
Gi
4 x 3.3
It
ROOM
lll
4 x 3.3
ROOM
ELEVATION
4 x 3.3
T,V. ROOM
9.5 x 1 2.5
ROOM
4 x 3.3
4 x 3.3
VARDEN
ROOM
ENTRANCE LOBBY
1O x
7.5
STORE ROO
3.3x4
x4
WVlV1V1
PORTTCO 5.O WIDE
EDDt]ENND
ATti
tt^
tF
f, t\U. lJ
ffi 60
(Chapter-6)
PLATE No. 16
I'o ile t
x 2.3
1.5
M. Bed Room
c.j
;=V
c
o
Bed Room
4.3 x 3.5
F- \r
ued f'{oom
4.3 x 3.5
M. Bed Room
(o
CI
Bed Room
4.8 x 3.6
4.3 x 3.6
co
4.8 x 3.6
Bed Room
3.1 x 3.6
c
o
I
(o
I o ilet
1.5 x 2.3
6<o
Bed Room
4.3 x 3.5
Dining
EX
-:
6.5 x 3.3
4.3 x 3.5
Kitchen
Kitchen
Living
4x3.4
Bed Room
6.8 x 3.3
Kitchen
2,8x2.3
Living
4 x 3.4
6.8 x 3.3
X
"..|
M. Bed Roorn
Dr
awing
4.3.6
Bed Room
3.5 x 3 6
M. Bed Room
4.8 x 3.2
M. Bed Room
4.6 x 3.4
4x3.2
Toilet
Toilet
2.2x1.3
2.4x1.2
Toilet
Toilet
3.6x4
3 x 2.3
EXc')
o
o
Living
d,
q
Balcony 1 .2
2.2x1.2
oF
Bed Room
3 x 3.6
Bed Room
4x3.2
2.4x1.2
Kitchen
ueo Hoom
3.3x4.1
Kitchen
2.7 x 2.3
1
.35 "
BalCony
Kitchen :
3.3 x 2.1
(D
Bed Room
4x3.6
1.2 Balcony
Stsirs and
EXERCISE
Staircases
lahapter-61
I I8
The line diagrarn shows plan of a one bed room residential building. Prepare a working
drarving for excavation of foundations.
1--
I'he brick nlasonry lboting over c.c bed is 400 mm wide witlr eclual offsets on either side
(700
+00)
LIVIN G
360c x 36oc
4200
2. Basement : 'l'he height of basement is 450 nrm and width of wall is 300 mm. Steps are
provided both on fiont side and rear side over a Cl.C bed 150 mm thick with an off set I50 mm on
all three sides. Tread and rise of step are 300 mm and 150 nrm.
D,
Super structure ancl roofing : All the walls are taken to a height of 3200 rnm and are
200 mrn thick.
.1.
of
R.C.C. slab roofins 120 mm tlrick and projected by 200 mm beyond the
Calcu lations
wall
--
200 rnrn
of
Isolatedsun-shades are provided over rvindows and extemal doors extending from the R.C.C.
lintels kept ever such openings on other three sides.
In tlte above two cases. sunshades are project_ed 600 mm frorn the face of walls.
Lintels
R.C.C. lintels on all openings like doors, wirtdows and cup boards are 150 mm
ick having a bearing of 150 mm on either side.
Doors, rvindows & cupboards : These are to be provided
r.
DS 20
18
w==l0wr12
= l0
D,=9DS
Roofing consists
outer face of walls.
3000
Living room
clear dirnensions
4200
x 3600 mm
200 mm
4200
100
+ 100
4400 mm
centre of walls (along width)
3600
+ 100 + 100
3800 mm.
93.^,--*-*--*-*---PLATE
WORKING DRAWTNG FOR THf, PURPOSE OF MARKING THE WIDTH OF FOUNDATION FOR EXACATION OF FOUNDATIONS FOR THE
No.l7
IVEN PLAN
Masonry Pillars
INDEX
\CA
._..cy
?*o.
'
-'Jo*
,.'/A
'\'s
"
r";>
x-
%%.
,a
x^
"u%,
t-N
f:.
lr*
lm
o
.-o-.
[*rpo
<-700
Stairs and
EXERCISE
Staircases {Chapter-6)
. T9
Draw electrical wire diagram in a single bed roomed residential building as shown in
diagram.
Verandah - 2000 mm
l=HH60ernmrrf200
(b) Circuir / .' T'he circuit I is meant to supply power (i) To calling bell, (ii) Lamp at the
entrance (out side the verandah) (iii) Tube light, lamp, fan and one 5 Amp. socket out let. This
circuit I also supplies power to the Hall for one tube light, two lamps, one fan, 2 No. of 5 Amp.
socket out lets.
&
Tnbe
Dining
2 100
2 No.
--=
2x
40
80
160 watts
\,vatts
r00
780 watts
Metre (energe metre), main switch and distribution boards are fixed in the verandah.
(a) No. of circuits : Three circuits are taken from the distribution board as indicated
l, 2 and 3. Circuits I & 2 are meant for fans, lighting and 5 Amp. socket out lets.
The circuit 3 is a power circuit to draw power for l5 Amp. out lets fitted one in the kitchen
Dining and another in the Bath & Toilet.
& Kitchen.
60
No.-z x80
Fans
socket outlets.
l.
::
Total
door
In the hall
ligtrts := I + I
- l+ l-2No.-2 x80
5 Arnp. socket out lets : I + I + I : 3 No. * 3 x
Dr
ln the verandah
Fans
mm x 2500 tttttt
Electrical rtttings
Out side the verandah
rrr
Bed roonl
Kitchen
63
.-,.\..v\
Total
100
I 80
-:
160 watts
400 vvatls
watts
820 lvatts
(d) Circuit J .' Is rneant to supply power to l5 Amp. socket outlets one in dining and one
in bath room. One power circuit can be provided for 2000 to 3000 watts consumption by selecting
the suitable diameter of conducting wire.
Note : The exhaust fans and one lamp in bath are not considered since they will consume
little power and will be used (exhaust fans) mostly in day time during which the lighting load
is almost nil.
Switch Control & Swtich Boards : There are generally provided at a height of 1.5 m from
floor level and the detalls aregiven below.
1. Out side the verandah: Bell-push, two-way switch to control the lamp provided at the
entrance.
board consists.
One trvo-way switch to control the lamp at the entrance, three switches
Iamp, one tube light and one fan, and one No. 5 Arnp. socket out let,
to control
one
(Chapter-6)
of
KITCHEN AND
DINII{G
4800 x
je
o@
t-:-1
+---_--l
3500
BATH
&
TOILET
2100 ,
2500
BED
3300 x
3000
Lamp point
Fan with outlet point
3600 x
Tube light
3200
GD VER.
2AO
1200 wtDE
thick
Bellpush
r ilusne
Bell point unit
Exhaust fan
D1
Door flushed
W
GW
Window Glazed
M.S. Grill Window
M.S. Grill Door
GD
00
750
1000
800
x 1200
= 1500 x 12AO
= 1000 x 2000
B. = Metre Board
D. B. = Distribution Tank
M.
L
F
= Lamp
=
Flurescent Lamp
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R.C.C
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R.C.C. Wall
150 mm Thick
Counter Weight
iiii
Lift Car
2.25m
k-
iai
Top Floor
2.1rm
50 mm Thick
c= tri? A:
Trap Door
Roof Slab
3a
-J
PLAN OF LIFT SHAFT
Entrance
le760
I
1300 x 1100
-tl-1'oo+l*ll
r.l 50
t,
ciJ
Machine Room
k---15m+
SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF LIFT SHAFT
15Ol
' 'r
J
I
66
Civil Engineering
Ans:
Q,2
Ans:
Q.3
An!: west or south-west or north-west aspect is good fo. a bedroom.
e.4 whrt is mo.nt by irtenal priv.cy in r residentiar building ?
Atrs:
Q,5
rhe intemar privacy means, screenins interior or one room rrom other rooms or parb
building.
II
Drawing-l
such that one is at lower level than the othr and
is
Q.l3
Ans:
so
i.e.,. FAR
or o t'
ventilation.
also
clvered
floors
r door
to achieve
I
I
I
!
I
|
FAR restrrcts the height of building and number of storeys The eenerel
of FA R
''nse
rsidential building is I to
2'
for
:1;li1,TfiT'"ltJJ
150
!q,D.
;:illll.ttl ;ljfi:lY:l
:"T:.:"ff Hil:i::',{
-
_
-_
Total floot area in all floors
Ads: A double shutter door at comer of long wall of the room provides more privacy.
Ansr F.A.R = 2 =
Plot ara
Q.6 Area ofa rcom is being srme which shape i.e., rect ngular or squ.re shaDe ia Dref... Total floor ara in all floors = 2 x plotarea
erable for ihe room ?
= 2 x 15 x 20 = 600m'z.
Ans: Rectangular room is preferable th.n square room.
Q.7 Wbe0 do you recommend artilicirl ventiletion ?
600.,
600m,
: oo* =f;6F.=qlot
.'., Number floors = Giiir,"
=-:4Nos.
Ansi Arrificial ventilation is rccommended when the numhr of persons occupying a room is
more than 50 or wherc space for occupant is less than 3m3'
... Maximum height ofbuilding csnnot be moft than 4 storeys.
Q.8 Whrt is me.nt by "Elegrnce" !
whrt il meant by rrPlintb'r ? How much is dinimun pllnth height ?
^
Q'15
Ans: The eftbct produced by elevation is k4own as eregance.
e.e wh.r is prcrenbte ,rtio berwcer tensrh ond rvidth or ! room ?
^*' ll;ff*L$i":ST;,yil: ff;lJ*;ffort'e surrounaii srouna 'nd surface
Ansi Length to width ratio should be between l'2:l td l5:1
e.16 Mrke out the difference bctweo ',height of storey,, rud ,,height of roomn.
bctween a drirwing room rrd dirirg room ? next above it is called "height ofstorey,,.
' The vertical distance measured fiom the finished floor surface to the finished ceilinp surAns: There will be flexibility in usage space
Q.tl How much ahrll be rre. cfwisdews in a room ?
fee is lalowfi s dle room hcidrr
Q.l7 What is the FAR for a rosidential buildirg of typM coNtructiotr ?
I to I
.
Ans:
The area ofwindows shall be
offloor area ofthe room
ADs: FAR for a residential building ofq/pe-4 conshuction is 1.0.
l0 15
Whcre do you locate
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11
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l
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t
fi
f
I
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.:)
Q,lt
Whst is'rloft'r
Ans:
? What
i[
providing
r loft ?
Q.24
Ans:
floors.
Lofls shall have a minimum head room of 2.2rn. Loff in a habitable room shall not
\-4'4-
67
line ?
extension of a street or a street that may come up in future, rnay lawfully extend.
Q.22 What
Ans:
Q.23
Ans:
Parapets and hand-rails provided on the edges of roof terraces, balconies, verandahs etc.,
shall not be less than 1.05m and not more than 1.20m in height from the finished floor level.
If
Ans:
150 sq.m
Total
Assume a plot size 25m x 30
area _
600
150
iSO sq.m
- 7 50sq.m
36rn
Then FAR
600x3
1800
plot:
Mention any four spaces which are not considered while determining covered area.
Ans:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
-1200sq.m.
Weii ar"i
w'e
ll structures
Guiley pit are some of the spaces not included under covered area.
Q.30
Ans:
Ans:
Set back may be defined as frontage margin or open space in front of the abutting street or
road. It is also referred to as a "building line".
Ans:
Each site shall have a minimum frontage of 6m on any street. For row housing schemes the
minimum frontage may be 5.5m.
Q.33
What are the minimum width of a stair for rbsidential building and public building ?
The minimum width of stair for a residential building is 900mm. The minimum width of stair
for a public building is l000mm width of landing shpuld never be less than width of stair.
Ans:
600x3
Q.29
Q.3
you are required to select a plot for a three storeyed residential building having
four flats of 150 sq.m in each floors, what is the minimum size of plot required as per
NBC 1983 ? FAR applicable is 1.5.
Plinth area of building at ground floor