DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

MATLAB PROGRAMMING FOR

BEGINNERS

AUTHOR : Mr. Priya Ranjan Muduli

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PROGRAM:1
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=zeros(5,5);
for i=1:5
for j=1:6-i
b(i,j)=a(1,j+i-1);
end
end
b

b=
1

Program 2
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=zeros(5,5);
for i=1:5
for j=i:5
b(i,j)=a(1,j-i+1);
end
end
b

b=
1

Program 3
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=[];
for i=1:5
b=[b;a];
p=a(5);
a(2:5)=a(1:4);
a(1)=p;
end
b

b=
1

Program :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=[];
for i=1:5
b=[b;a];
a(1:4)=a(2:5);
a(5)=0;
end
b

b=

Program :
function xq= quantfunction(r,x,n)
l=2^n;
del=r/l;
l1=[0:del:r];
q=[del/2:del:r];
m=length(x);
xq=[];
for i=1:m
for j=1:l
if x(i)>l1(j) && x(i)<=l1(j+1)
x(i)=q(j);
elseif x(i)>r
x(i)=q(l);
end
end
xq=[xq x(i)];
end

program for convolution

x = input('enter input sequnc = ');
h = input( 'enter the input impulse= ');
n = (length(x)+length(h)-1);
x1 = [ zeros(1,length(h)-1) x];
h1 = [fliplr(h) zeros(1, length(x)-1)];
h2 = zeros();
h2(1,1:n) = h1(1,1:n);
for i=2:n
for j=2:n
h2(i,j) = h2(i-1,j-1);
end
end
y = (h2*x1');
stem(y)

program :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
r=input('enter value of range');
n0=input('enter no of bits for quantization');
x=input('enter values for x(n)');
w=input('enter values for w(n)');
c=length(n0);
for s=1:c

w1=quantfn(r,n0(s),x);
x1=quqntfn(r,n0(s),x);
m=length(x1);
n=length(w1);
x2=zeros(1,n);
for i=1:(m+n-1)
if i<=m
x2(1)=x1(i)
else
x2(1)=0;
end
y1=x2.*w1;
y(i)=0;
for j=1:n
y(i)=y(i)+y1(j);
end
x2(2:n)=x2(1:n-1);
end
y=quantfn(r,n0(s),y);
k=conv(x,w);
e=k-y;
p(s)=(e*e')/n;
plot(n0,p);
title('rounding error in quantization');
xlable('no of bits');
ylable('mean square error');

program :
clc;
close all;
clear all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=zeros(5,5);
for i=1:5
for j=i:5
b(i,j)=a(1,j-i+1);
end
end
b

b=
1

Program:
clc;

close all;
clear all;
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
b=[];
for i=1:5
b=[b;a];
a(1:4)=a(2:5);
a(5)=0;
end
b

b=

Program:
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
d=[];
for i=1:5
d=[d;a];
a=fliplr(a);
end
d

d=
1

Program:
a=[1 8 2 3 5];
e=[];
for i=1:5

e=[e;a];
k=a(5);
a(2:5)=a(1:4);
a(1)=k;
end
e

e=
1

[rogram:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter the sequence x(n)');
n=length(x);
xk=abs(fft(x));
p=[];
q=[];
for i=1:2
if i==1
for j=1:n
p1=((x(j))^2);
p=[p p1];
r=sum(p);
end
elseif i==2
for j=1:n
p2=((xk(j))^2);
q=[q p2];
s1=sum(q);
s=((s1)/n);
end
end
end
disp('energy in time domain =');
disp(r);
disp('power in frequency domain =');
disp(s);
disp('Parsevals theoram has been proved');

enter the sequence x(n)[1 2 3 4]

energy in time domain =
30

power in frequency domain =

30
Parsevals theoram has been proved

Program : band pass

clc;
clear all;
close all;
w=-pi:0.1:pi;
for i=1:length(w)
if ((-2.5<w(i)&&w(i)<-1.2))||((1.2<w(i)&&w(i)<2.5))
y(i)=abs(exp(-j*w(i)));
else
y(i)=0;
end
end
plot(w,y,'color','r');
figure
stem(w,y,'color','g');

program :butter
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=input('enter the value of maximun frequency range');
fc=input('enter the value of cut off frequency');
n=input('enter the value of order');
y=[];
for k=1:n
for i=0:f
a=(1+((i/fc)^(2*k)));
b=(1/((a)^0.5));
y=[y b];
end
plot(y);
hold on;
y=[];
end

program :chebysev 2
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fp=1000;
fs=2000;
e=0.5
f=[0:4000];
n=[ 3 4 ];
x=[];
y=[];
mag2=[];
for i=1:2
a=fs/fp;
if abs(a)<=1
tn=cos(n(i)*acos(a));

else
tn=cosh(n(i)*acosh(a));
end
x=[x tn];
for j=1:length(f)
b=fs/f(j);
if abs(b)<=1
tn=cos(n(i)*acos(b));
else
tn=cosh(n(i)*acosh(b));
end
y=[y tn];
mag=1/(1+(e^2*(x/y(j))^2));
mag2=[mag2 mag];
end
plot(f,mag2)
hold on;
mag2=[];
y=[];x=[];
end

program :chebysev 1
clc;
clear all;
close all;
fp=1000;
fs=2000;
e=0.5
f=[0:4000];
n=[ 7 12 ];
x=[];
mag2=[];
for i=1:2
for j=1:length(f)
a=f(j)/fp;
if abs(a)<=1
tn=cos(n(i)*acos(a));
else
tn=cosh(n(i)*acosh(a));
end
x=[x tn];
mag=(1/(1+(e^2)*(x(j)^2)));
mag2=[mag2 mag];
end
subplot(1,2,i);
plot(f,mag2);
mag2=[];
x=[];
end

program :chebysev 1
clc;
clear all;

close all;
f=input('enter the value of maximun frequency range');
fp=input('enter the value of pass band cut off frequency');
n=input('enter the value of order');
y=[];
for i=0:f
x=(i/fp);
if ((-1<x)&&(x<1))
q=cos(n*(acos(x)));
a=(1/((1+(0.25*((q)^2)))^0.5));
else
q=cosh(n*(acosh(x)));
a=(1/((1+(0.25*((q)^2)))^0.5));
end
y=[y a];
end
plot(y)

program :chebysev 1
clc;
clear all;
close all;
f=input('enter the value of maximun frequency range');
fp=input('enter the value of pass band cut off frequency');
fs=input('enter the value of stop band cut off frequency');
n=input('enter the value of order');
r=fs/fp;
y=[];
for i=0:f
x=(fs/i);
if ((-1<x)&&(x<1))
if ((-1<r)&&(r<1))
p=cos(n*(acos(r)));
else
p=cosh(n*(acosh(r)));
end
q=cos(n*(acos(x)));
a=(1/((1+(0.25*((p/q)^2)))^0.5));
else
if ((-1<r)&&(r<1))
p=cos(n*(acos(r)));
else
p=cosh(n*(acosh(r)));
end
q=cosh(n*(acosh(x)));
a=(1/((1+(0.25*((p/q)^2)))^0.5));
end
y=[y a];
end
plot(y)

program :convolution
clc;
clear all;
close all;

x=input('enter the sequence of x(n)');

h=input('enter the sequence of h(n)');
a=length(x);
b=length(h);
c=a+b-1;
hf=fliplr(h);
hh=[zeros(1,a-1) hf zeros(1,a-1)];
yf=[];
for i= 1:c
w(1:a)=h((2*a)-i:(3*a)-1-i);
y=w*x';
yf=[yf y];
end
disp('the linear convolution of x(n) and h(n) is ')
disp(yf)

program :correlation
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter first sequence');
w=input('enter second sequence');
m=length(x);
n=length(w);
y=[];
x=[x zeros(1,n-1)];
z= zeros(1,n);
wf=fliplr(w);
for i=1:m+n-1
z(2:n)=z(1:n-1);
z(1)=x(i);
p=z*wf';
y=[y p];
end
disp('the corelation of x and w is ');
disp('y');
y;
subplot(311);
stem(x)
subplot(312);
stem(w)
subplot(313);
stem(y)

program :dft
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter first sequence');
y=input('enter second sequence');
m=length(x);
n=length(y);
if m>n
y=[y zeros(m-n)];

elseif n>m
x=[x zeros(n-m)];
end
a=fft(x);
b=fft(y);
c=a*b;
d=conv(x,y);
% c;
% d=ifft(c);
% d
c,d

program :hpf
clc;clear all;close all;
w=-pi:0.1:pi;
wc=input('cut off freq=');
for i=1:length(w)
if (-pi<w(i)&&w(i)<-wc||w(i)>wc&&w(i)<pi)
H(i)=1;
else
H(i)=0;
end
end
plot(w,H,'color','r');
figure
stem(w,H,'color','r');

program: pi
clc;clear all;close all;
x=rand(10000,1000);
y=rand(10000,1000);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
a=0;
b=0;
for i=1:10000
for j=1:1000
if r(i,j)>=0 && r(i,j)<=1
a=a+1;
elseif r(i,j)>1
b=b+1;
end
end
end
pi=4*a/(a+b);
pi

program : quanti
function xq= quanti(r,x,n1)
l=2^n1;
del=r/l;
l1=[0:del:r];
q=[del/2:del:r];
m=length(x);
xq=[];
for i=1:m
for j=1:l

if x(i)>l1(j) && x(i)<=l1(j+1)

x(i)=q(j);
elseif x(i)>r
x(i)=q(l);
end
end
xq=[xq x(i)];
end

program :
clc;
close all;
clear all;
rp=input('Enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('Enter the stopband ripple');
fp=input('Enter the passband frequency');
fs=input('Enter the stopband frequency');
f=input('Enter the sampling frequency');
wp=2*(fp/f);
ws=2*(fs/f);
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
den=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/den);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
y=rectwin(n1);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%LPF
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(o/pi,m);
ylabel('gain in db--------->');
xlabel('Normalised frequency-------------->');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%HPF
b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(o/pi,m);
ylabel('gain in db--------->');
xlabel('Normalised frequency-------------->');
%%%%%%%%%%%BPF
wn =[wp ws]
b=fir1(n,wn,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,3);

plot(o/pi,m);
ylabel('gain in db--------->');
xlabel('Normalised frequency-------------->');
%%%%%%%%%%%BSF
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
ylabel('gain in db--------->');
xlabel('Normalised frequency-------------->');