Uchinaanchu nu Tuudi tu Tegua

UchinaaguchiYamatuguchiUrandaguchi

Okinawan Karate and Kobudo Handbook

Okinawan/ Japanese/ English

Samantha May
Comparative Regional Culture
Faculty of Human Languages and Cultures
University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Handbook Table of Contents

i. Introduction
ii. Pronunciation Key
The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Word Sheets
I. Techniques

II. Concepts

III. Places

IV. Proverbs

1.atifa
2.tiigatana
3.nuchun
5.gammaku (under development)

1.muchi
2.muchimi
3.naraasun
4.shishee
5.chinkunchi (under development)
6.a un (under development)

1.Hamafijajima
2.Chikenjima (under development)
3.Chatan Yara (under development)

1.ichariba, choodee
2.bushi nu tii machigee
3.chiiku kasaniree, jooji nayun
4.mii nu iraa, kubi wuuriri
5.Tuu nu iibii, yinu
6.iji nu 'njiraa tii hiki, tii nu 'njiraa iji hiki

V. Okinawan Culture and General Knowledge

1.toodii
2.habu
3.Uchinaaguchi
4.Yushiya Chiru (under development)
5.habeeruu (under development)
6.gajimaru (under development)
7.chibu (under development)

VI. Daily Language

1.kaji
2.duu fichasun
3.eesachi
4.meenachi kutuba (under development)
5.at the table (under development)

Produced by Samantha May in conjunction with martial arts instructors and other Uchinaaguchi
speakers. This work-in-progress represents a chapter in the doctoral dissertation Uchinaaguchi
Language Reclamation in the Martial Arts Community in Okinawa and Abroad by Samantha May,
completed at the University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan, 2014. Please direct and
comments or inquiries to [email protected].

Introduction: Why an Uchinaguchi Martial Arts Lexicon?

One of the things that sets practitioners of Okinawan karate and kobudo, and martial arts in
general, apart from other athletes is their strong interest in the culture from which their art originates.
Many martial artists wish to learn more about the places, people and language of the home country of
their art, and often find themselves hosting teachers from abroad, travelling to their teachers' home
countries or even studying additional languages in order to deepen their understanding. However, even
as the world-wide practice of traditional Okinawan karate and kobudo has blossomed through the
international exchange martial arts travel provides, Okinawan, the primary original language of these
martial arts, has not been transmitted to the next generation. If current language maintenance efforts are
unsuccessful, the Okinawan language, including all the martial arts information contained in its
nuances and rich vocabulary, will be lost.
Japanese is frequently used in karate and kobudo practice to refer to techniques, weapons, kata,
terms of respect, exercises and even numbers in the dojo. Speaking the Okinawan language in
Okinawan karate and kobudo dojo, even within Okinawa, is currently a rare practice, and yet Okinawan
and international dojo provide an ideal place in which the language may be used. By using the original
language of Okinawa, karate and kobudo learners would likely gain some insight into the cultural
context of Okinawan martial arts practices that would improve their understanding of Okinawan
martial arts techniques. This would not only increase the number and fluency of Uchinaguchi speakers,
but also promote awareness of Okinawan language and culture among the martial arts community and
members of the general public. Since foreigners and the martial arts occupy a respected place in
Okinawan and Japanese society, the usage of Okinawan by Okinawan and international martial artists
would increase the prestige of this language both domestically and internationally, thereby promoting
its revitalization.
In short, this book is for Okinawans who wish to revitalize Uchinaguchi, and also for the
international community of karate and kobudo practitioners and others with an appreciation of
Okinawan culture and language. The more reasons people have for using Okinawan now, the greater
the likelihood that traditional Okinawan language and culture will be maintained and passed on in the
future.

 Uchinaaguchi Pronunciation Key

Uchinaaguchi adopted hiragana from Japan and some kanji from China. This
Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Handbook uses the sound system developed by Mitsugu
Sakihara for the Okinawan-English Wordbook (2006).

Consonants
Uchinaaguchi consonants are like those of English or Japanese. For example:
b
bara
boy
d
dare
dog
ch
chiisai
chocolate
However, there are a few exceptions:
f

fugu

pfft!

A combination of English /p/ and /f/, and made by

pushing air
out between pursed
lips.

gatsu

girl

Always a hard /g/, like the first sound of gift or gum.

Ryukyus

ladder

Between English /l/ and /d/, as in Ryukyus, made by

touching the top of the tongue tip to the roof of the
mouth

bb bakka
tch
kk
nm
nn
pp
ss
tt

black car The double consonants found in Okinawan and

Japanese are pronounced like the English letters, but
held longer.

Vowels
Uchinaaguchi vowel sounds are like those of Japanese and many other Asian and
European languages. For example:
a
e
i
o
u

father
red
feet
sofa
moon

However, vowels may be short or long as in the following:

Short

Long

ya (topic marker)
kekkwa
tichi (opponent, enemy) *
onma (a horse) *
waka-mun (young man)

yaa (house)
heeku (long ago)
tii (hand)
un-gutooru (like that)
ufu-ufuutu (fully)

*there may be three vowel lengths in some cases.

Unlike English, long vowels in Uchinaaguchi are pronounced the same way as the
short vowels, but held for a longer duration.

*Short `o` and `i` are infrequent, usually changing to 'u' and 'ii' respectively.
Glottal Stops
Although they are not written in English, glottal stops are movements of the throat
(glottis). They occur at the beginning of all words starting with the vowels a, e, i , o, u
and sometimes y, such as uh-oh, air, eat, and ice cream.
In Uchinaaguchi, glottal stops are contrastive, meaning they are used to make words
different from each other. In this manual, glottal stops will be marked with ' , as in
the following:
'yaa (you)
'waa (pig)
'nni (rice plant)
'njanaa (stammerer)

yaa (house)
waa (circle)
nni (chest)
njana (bitter herb)

I. Techniques

atifa

energy transfer/shockwave

Atifa ndhi yishee, yeethi nkai chikarauchisuru
kutuwari nu aibiin.

Atifa is the principle of transferring energy to one's opponent.

Hajimee yuruttusshi, yeeti saaigayaa saarangayaa ndhichisurutuchini, ifin

deesaataru tukurunkai chikara mattakii 'nnjashiinee, yeetinkai shoogekihanati
ichabiin.

Staying relaxed, then briefly tensing at the point of contact creates a damaging shockwave that
travels through the target.

Atifa ndhi yishee, buki chikairukutun ainee, 'nnadhiisaanisurukutun aibiin.

Atifa may be applied using weapon or empty hand techniques.

tiigatana

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iaido2.jpg (free use)

autor Michal Kolisek dal souhlas k jeho plnemu uzivani

shuto/chop

Karate: Trefferflche bei ShutoSourceEigenes Werk (own

work), Author: Kurmis, 2009-08-16, Creative Commons,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kurmis/sets/7215762192026

tii ( hand) + gatana ( katana/ sword)

= ( tiigatana

Tiigatana ya yamatu nu katana nu gutu chikayun.

The edge of the hand is used like a Japanese sword.

nuchun

pierce, go through

Eigo depanchidi iishee kubushi saani chichun.

In English, a punch is a strike made with a closed fist.

Yamatoguchi yaree, tsukiya chichunmata ya nuchundi

iisa

In Japanese, tsuki is a forward thrusting or stabbing movement.

Uchinaaguchi yaree, nuchunya nukitoushee ndiisa.

In Uchinaaguchi, nuchun means piercing or hitting through the target.

gamaku

side/front of waist

Gamakuya kushi nu ue nu yuku yaibiin.

Gamaku is the side and front sections of the waist.

Gamaku nu kaji udijikara ya Uchinaadii tu wudui shiinuunee tee shichiyan.

Gamaku muscles are important when doing both Okinawan martial arts and
classical dance.

To protect yourself, keep your fists in front of gamaku.

II. Concepts

muchi supple/flexible/resilient

Photo: Zuerich Zoo Masoalahalle, Herbst 2004, by Manfred Morgner. downloaded by S. May on December 18, 2013, from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zuerich_Zoo_Masoalahalle_8828.jpg under a GNU Free Documentation License. |

Uchigeeshinami nu nakan kaiya kuwasashiga ati yafara munu nu an.

Kuri ga muchi yaibiin.

Waves represent hard power contained in something soft. This is muchimi.

Shittai tiisaaji ya yafara munu nu gutu, yasashi ga heeku ucchii nee muchi
nu gutu shi chichun.

A wet towel is soft, but it can snap with whip-like force if moved suddenly.

Toodii chikaya nu uchi nu nakan kaiya, muchi nu an.

At the core of a karate master's defence and offence is muchimi.

Boo chikayaa nu boo ya chinbuku nu gutu shi muchi nu an.

In the hands of a professional, the bo is flexible like a bamboo stick.

muchimi

sticky rice

Okinawan muchi, by S. May, 2014.

wrapped
rice
Muchi ya sannin nu happa wrapped in muchimi nu rice
kara chikuyiibiin.

Muchi are made of sticky rice wrapped in sannin leaves.

Yaibiikutu, muchimi tenya sticky?? tii refers to??.

Kuree ya opponent catching hold of concept yaibiin.

Therefore, muchimi ten refers to sticky hands. This is

the concept of catching and holding one's opponent.

naraasun

let you learn

Karate training at Shuri Castle, Okinawa, 1938. By Nakasone Genwa [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.

,
Nkashi nu naree gutu ya dukuru shi, manabi turi'ndi naraasattoon.

In olden times, it was said that things were learned by oneself rather than taught.

Mi naree, chichi naree.

Look with your eyes, listen with your ears.

Uchinaa nu shinshi taa ya sekai nu chankai toodii kobudoo narasabitan.

Okinawan teachers let many people around the world learn karate and kobudo.

shishee

posture, attitude

culmination of energy

tochin, iriiru tochin,
dou chikati shiiyo.

When blocking or striking, use

your entire body.

Shisheeya kushi tu gamaku tu watankai chikara iriiru sundoo.

Shishee is putting in power from the hips, waist and breath at

the same time.

chinkunchi

combined power of
muscle, tendon and bone

(From left) Gulls in Flight, Cuxhaven, 2009, By Politikaner (Own work (own picture)) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia
Miyagi and Kyoda, 1900s. By Miyagi and Kyoda [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.
Copyright All rights reserved by Goju Ryu do Brasil

chin ( muscle) + kunchi ( stamina) = chinkunchi

Chinkunchi kakiree.

Use the combined power of your muscles, bones, and tendons together.

When a bird flies long distances, it relies not only on the wing muscles, but on a
combination of muscle, tendon and bone working together. This is called
chinkunchi.
???
Tiidii nu iriiru tochin, chinkunchi heeku chikayun. ???

Hand techniques also use chinkunchi briefly at the point of contact.

a un

ying yang

A un refers to the concept of opposing forces, but the sound also has a concrete
meaning.

When you make the a sound, your stomach muscles become hard, as when exhaling.

When you make the un sound, your stomach muscles become soft as when inhaling.

Present day karate is said to be related to a set of breathing exercises similar to yoga.?
(pretty sure on this, not yet checked)

III. Places

Hamafija

Hamahiga

Tegua nu kata

Hamafija nu tunfa

Hamafija nu sai

Hamafija nu sai
Hamafijajima

Hamafija nu bo

Hamafija ya Uchinaanu agarinu uminu chikaku, Kacchinnu subankaiaru

shimanu naayaibin.

Hamahiga is the name of an island near the Katsuren Peninsula on the east coast of
Okinawa's main island.

Chiteerattooru hanashee Hamafijanushimaya Amamichu ndiru yinagunu

ukamitu unuwutuyaru Shirumichu du Ruuchuunushimajima chukutaru tuchini
hajimini kuracharu tukuruyaru gutooibin. Yaibiikutu Hamafijanushimaa
Uchinaanu bunmeinu utachikuchi ndichi yattooibin.

According to legend, Hamahiga Island is the place where the goddess, Amamichu,
and her husband the god, Shirumichu first came to live when they created the
Ryukyu Islands. Thus, it is said to be the birthplace of Okinawan civilization.

Chikinjima

Chikin Island
Kobudo Kata Tegua nu Kata
Chikin/ Tsuken Shita Haku nu sai
Chikin/ Tsuken nu kun/
Chikin/ Tsuken Akacho nu Nunti Bo
Chikin/ Tsuken Akacho nu Eku

Copyright National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Copyright

Chikinjima ya Uchinaaguchi Tsukenjima nu mutu namee yaibiin.

Chikinjima ya Hamafijajima nu nanban, Kacchinnu subankai nu chikaku ni
aru.

Chikinjima is the original Uchinaaguchi name for Tsuken Island. Chikin Island is south of
Hamafija Island near the Katsuren Peninsula.

Ippee tegua nu kata ya Chikin nu yashincchu kara chukuyibiin.

Several kobudo kata were created by residents of Chikin.

Chuu, Chikinjima ya

Today, Chikinjima is known as carrot island for it's fields of carrots, and has a famous walking trail,
Naka nu Utaki sacred site and the ruins of Kubou Castle (Kubougusuku).

 Chatan Yara

Kobudo and Karate Kata

Chatan Yara nu Sai
Chatan Yara nu Kusanku
Chatan Yara nu Kun Sho

Chatan Crest: Public Domain. Sai: S.May, 2013. Chatan's location: Wikimedia Commons, alberth2, GNU Free Documentation
License. Eku: Wikimedia Commons, Craig Musselman, Creative Commons License

The three Chatan-Yara kobudo katas were created by a noble man named Yara from Chatan Village,
who studied Chinese and martial arts in China.

Yara once used an oar to defend a woman from an armed samurai, and was then recruited to teach
self-defense to the local community. In this way, Yara spread Te throughout Okinawa.

IV. Proverbs

Ichariba, choodee
Once we meet, we are brothers and sisters.

Photo courtesy of Gorge Karate

(www.gorgekarate.com).

Texas A&M UniversityCommerce website -- :

The American Years, 1945-1972

Uyayushi, kkwayushi. Andiyishee, uyan, kkwan tagee ni naraasuru kutu ichooibiin.

Parents and children teach (advise) one another.

Yaibiikutu, yeejuu nu chaaya,

yaaninju tu yunumun yaibiin.

Therefore, the members of a dojo are like a family.

,
Ichariba, choodee monument in Yonabaru. Photo by S. May.

Bushi nu tii machigee.

Even a samurai may fail.

(Okinawan Samurai, Gasha Uekata's archery training)painted by (Gasha

Seiho, 1788 - 1830) from the japanese book " "(The Legacy of Okinawan Culture) by
(Yoshitaro Kamakura) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gasha_Uekata.jpg. Copyright expired.

Chiiku kasaniree, jooji nayun.

Calligraphy Demonstration During Japanese New Years Celebration: Delray

Beach, Florida. By Jan Rosenberg (collector), January 1988, Florida Folklife
Collection www.floridamemory.com/items/show/109120.
No known copyright restrictions.

Practice constantly, become great.

Mii nu iraa, kubi wuuriri

Photograph: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-12424 / CC-BY-SA, This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Germany license.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12424,_Japan,_Tee-Zeremonie.jpg

Mature rice bows lower.

Tuu nu iibee, intakiya aran.

tchusashi'iibi

iibi nu sachi
fingertips

'
naka'iibi

narashi'iibi

chimi
nail

iibigwaa

chuu fushi

'
ufu'iibi

tiigatana

tiijikun
back knuckles

tii nu wata

fushi
joint, node

ta fushi

kushidii
back of hand

heel of the hand?

tiikubi
wrist

5
The five fingers each have a different length and width, but help each other.

Iji nu 'njiraa tii

hiki, tii

nu 'njiraa iji hiki

,
When you are roused to anger, put back your fists; when your fists are clenched to strike,
keep down your wrath.
Samantha May 2014

--

Iji nu 'nnjiraa tii hiki, tii 'nnjiraa iji hiki monument at Hakugindou
Shrine, Itoman, Okinawa. S. May, 2014.

Yarasattaru yakuninga iinajikinu uru wakainagutu tagee ni chimu ga nakunataru basu nee.
Waka inagunu iinajiki tu tatakainchi soru baa ni wakai inaguga Satsuma nu samureenkai
kwiisagatii Iji nu 'njiraa tii hiki, tii nu 'nnjiraa iji hiki ndi icchi arasui shimirangutu
usamiiru kutu naibitan. Satsuma nu samuree ga satsumankai keeti dunu yankai keetaree
tukunkai duunu tujitu ikigagan nintooshi nncchi shigu tachinuji tainamun kurusanchisaru
basu ni. Wakai inagu nu icharu Iji nu nnjiraa tii hiki, tii nu 'njiraa iji hiki, diru kutuba

ubiin jyachi futun akitinncharee ikiga nu, chin chichoosee duunu inagu nu uya natii
nadiuruchi buji ni nan nugaritan. Unu guun tushi hakugindooga tatiratan iinadi uruchitan.

This proverb comes from a famous story. A samurai returned home only to discover his
wife lying in bed with another man. At first, he wanted to kill his wife and what appeared
to be her lover, but then he thought of this proverb told to him by a farmer who could not
repay his debts. He then realized that the man was in fact his own mother in disguise to
protect his wife and was grateful to the farmer.

V. Okinawan Culture and

General Knowledge

Toodii

karate

Too(China) tii/dii(technique)
(waza)
technique

(te)
hand
(te)
hand

(Too/ kara)
China
(kara)
empty

(te)
hand

Uchinaaguchisshi karateya toodii ndichi too nu waja ndiru chimuee yaibin.

The Uchinaaguchi word for karate is tdi, which means China technique.

Unu too nu tii ya karate ndichi naibitan. Taachi tumuni too nu tii diru
chimuee yaibin.

It became tte, then karate, which both mean China hand.

Karateya Uchinaakara Yamatunkai chiteerattaru tuchini, kanjinu too ya sura

ndiru kanjinkai kawaibitan.

Finally, when karate was brought from Okinawa to mainland Japan, the kanji for kara was
changed from China to empty.

habu

habu nu tii

Asian lance-headed viper

( Karate Kata)
sanseru
seiru (Meibukan)
koute jo chu ge
suparinpe
possai sho, possai dai

( Origin)

Too/ Uchinaa China/ Okinawa

Habuya, goomachi, kameeti, yeeticyubachinakai uchikurusabiin.

A snake, coiled and waiting, is quick and deadly.

Usumasaruduku mucchooru habunu, Uchinaa nkai uhooku wuibiin.

Many deadly snakes live in Okinawa.

Nkaashikara sanshin ya habu nu haragaa kara chukuyibiin.

Traditional sanshin are made from snakeskin.

Uchinaaguchi

Okinawan language

Ryukyukoku yononushi shojo. Letter of Ryukyukoku yononushi (King Sho Shin) to

Shimazu Tadayoshi. 2002 Okinawan History on Records, Okinawa Prefecture, 2002

OkinawayaUchinaayaiibin, tu kutubayakuchiyaibiin. Yagutu,

UchinaaguchiyaUchinaakutubayaibiin.

Since Uchinaa is Okinawa, and guchi is mouth, Uchinaaguchi means

Okinawan tongue.

Uchinaaguchi tu Yamatuguchi, kamujun utu ya ufusan.

There are many sound correspondences between Okinawan and Japanese.

U
chi
na
a

ku

ku

ru (heart)
i chu

O ki
na
wa
ko
ko ro
e
tsu

'
'Nmarijima nu kutuba washii nee, kunin washiin.

Forgetting your native tongue means forgetting your native country.

 Yushiya Chiruu

Okinawa does not only have karate, but also culture.

Yushiya Chiru, Unna Nabii and Chatan Mooshi

are the three most famous Okinawan poets.
Yushi Yachiru was born into a poor family with so
many children there was not enough food for them to
survive. Thus, she was sold as a geisha when she was
8? years old. Even though she could not read or write,
she composed a poem on Hija Bridge on her way to
Naha from her home:

Photograp from http://www.suiten

rou.com/ijin/yusiyatiru.php
uramu Hijabashiya nasakene nu hitu nu
wamiwatasato umute kaketeuchera
This bridge, made by a man without kindness, let me cross to the brothel in Naha.

Photograph from: http://heiwa.yomitan.jp/DAT/LIB/WEB/4/p0655.jpg

Hija Bridge, between present day Yomitan and Kadena on the west coast of Okinawa,
still exists today.

haabeeruu butterfly

Do not maintain power all the time, but be

soft and change easily like the butterfly.
In this way, you can adapt quickly to your
opponent.
Okinawan bingata by Yuuka Arakaki, 2012. With permission from the artist.

Churasan haabeeruu nu, Uchinaa nkai uhooku wuibin.

Many beautiful butterflies live in Okinawa.

gajimaru

Banyan Tree

Just as gajimaru trees and bamboo

have large root systems, you
should think of reaching
underneath the floor in order to
stay rooted in your stances.

Gajimaru trees outside of Naha City Office. By S. May, 2013

Gajimaru trees are said to be the

homes of small, red-haired
fairy-like people called kijimuna.

Kijimuna at Ryukyu Mura. (2001-2008?) This work has been

released into the public domain by its author, Ena, and is copyright
free. This applies worldwide.

chibu

pressure point/ node/ clay

pot

Chibu nigakireeya soodukuruyaibiin.

In Uchinaaguchi, chibu nigakiree means weak

point.

Gammaku? chikati chibun nukee.

Hit the weak point with power.

User:Bin im Garten/Bulgarien Okt 2011/Day 10

Chibu also means clay pot.

Yachimun Dori, also known as Tsuboya Dori in Japanese, is a street full of

pottery shops near Makishi Market in Naha.

VI. Daily Language

kaji 1-10

Japanese

Uchinaguchi

tiichi

Numbers 1-10

ichi

taachi

ni

miichi

san

yuuchi

shi/ yon

ichichi

go

muuchi

roku

nanachi

shichi

yaachi

hachi

kukunuchi

ku

tuu

jyuu

Above image donated to Wikimedia Commons by Pearson Scott Foresman ticket #2010061110041093

Micchai suriree shikin.

Three people will make the world.

10

Duu-Fichaasun

Self Introductions

Image Kusakabe Kimbei courtesy of Wikimedia Commons http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/meiji/1898080967/album_1_19-1.jpg

Uchinaaguchi

Japanese

English

Gusuuyo chuuganabira.

Minnasan, konnichi wa.

Hello Everyone.

Gusuuyo hajimiti uganabira.

Hajimemashite.

It's nice to meet you.

/-? _________
Wannee/Wanyaa? _________ yaibiin.

Watashi wa _______ desu.

/-? _________
Wannee/Wanyaa?_________ kara chaabitan.

_______ kara kimashita.

I come from _______.

Yutasarugutu unigeesabira.

Douzo youroshiku onegaiitashimasu.

Please do me the favour of

your acquaintance.

My name is ______.

'eesachi

greetings

Uchinaaguchi

ukimisoochii
uu ukiimiseebitii

ohaiyougozaimasu
okimashita ka

Good morning
Did you wake up?

hai sai
hai tai

konnichiwa

Hello (male speaker)

Hello (female speaker)

yaa

konnichiwa

Hi (to friends)

chuu uganabira
chuu

konnichiwa

Good day (to seniors)

Good day (to juniors)

ato kara ya

mata atode, ne

See you later/ See ya

mata achyaya

keebira wuu

guguriisabira

mata ashita
shitsureishimashita
shitsureishimashita

See you tomorrow

Excuse me, I've got to go (when

yukuyaa biraya

oyasuminasai

Good night

English

leaving work or the dojo)

meenachi kutuba
Uchinaaguchi

Yamatuguchi

kafuusideebiru
nifeedeebiru
nifeedoo

unigee sabira

doodin (

doodin usagaimisoori

everyday language

onegaishimasu
douzo (

Eigo English
You do me a great favour (superiors)
Thank you (same age)
Thanks (younger people)
Please
Please have this. (to superiors)
Please go ahead.

wassaibiitan (
guburii sabitan
wassaibiitan, wassatan

moushiwakearimasen I'm truly sorry.(to superiors)

shitsureishimashita
Sorry for the intrusion.

gomennasai
I'm sorry.

ichutaa macchookee

chaabiratai ()
chaabirasai ()

guburiisabira

guburiisabitan

gomen kudasai

gomen kudasai

ojamashimashita
shitsureishimashita

One moment, please.

Excuse me. (when visiting someone)
Excuse me/Pardon me/Sorry

gobureishimashita

shimabiin

shimabiitan

Toyama Kanken, Ohtsuka Hironori, Shimoda Takeshi, Funakoshi Gichin, Motobu Choki, Mabuni Kenwa, Nakasone Genwa and Taira Shinken. Masters of Karate in Tokyo(1930s) The Japanese Book ""(Karatedo One
Road) Originally published in 1956 Reprint pubished on December 20, 2004 . by (Funakoshi Gichin). Copyright Free from Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masters_of_Karate.jpg?uselang=ja

 munujibun at mealtime
Uchinaaguchi

Yamatuguchi

Eiguchi English

masan

taberu

eat

numun

nomu

drink

doodin usagaimisoori

go ahead, please eat.

bon appetit

it was a feast

!kari!

Cheers!

maasan

It's delicious./It was delicious.

An older Uchinaaguchi greeting is munukari? which means Have you eaten?

Uchinaa suba tiibichi

Okinawan noodles
pigs feet

shikwasa
Okinawan citrus fruit

awamori
Okinawan sake

goya
bitter melon