A490M
A490M
A490M
METRIC
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical
requirements of quenched and tempered steel bolts, in nominal
thread diameters M16 to M36, inch. These bolts are intended
for use in structural joints that are comparable to those made
under the Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A
325 or A 490 Bolts2 issued by the Research Council on
Structural Connections of the Engineering Foundation. The
various types of bolts covered by this specification are:
1.1.1 Type 1Bolts made of alloy steel, supplied in nominal thread diameters M16 to M36, inclusive.
1.1.2 Type 2Bolts made from what is generally described
as low-carbon martensite steel, supplied in nominal thread
diameters M16 to M24 inclusive.
1.1.3 Type 3Bolts in nominal thread diameters M16 to
M36 , inclusive, having atmospheric corrosion resistance and
weathering characteristics comparable to that of the steels
covered in Specifications A 588/A 588M, A 242/A 242M, and
A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these
steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or
without copper addition. See 6.3. When properly exposed to
the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for
many applications.
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, all nuts used on these bolts
shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 563M,
shall be heavy hex, and shall be of the class and surface finish
for each type of bolt as follows:
Bolt Type and Finish
Washer Finish
plain (uncoated)
weathering steel, plain
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Steel3
A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
[Metric]4
A 588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
Point to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick3
A 709/A709M Specification for Structural Steel for
Bridges3
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging5
E 138 Method for Wet Magnetic Particle Inspection6
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination7
F 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers [Metric]8
F 568 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally
Threaded Metric Fasteners8
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, and Rivets8
F 788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
A 490M
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series8
G 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels9
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads10
B18.2.3.7M Metric Heavy Hex Structural Bolts10
B18.24.1 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System11
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspection by Attributes12
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Surface discontinuities as covered by this specification
are defined as follows:
3.1.2 acceptable quality level (AQL)as defined in MILSTD-105, the maximum percent defective that, for purposes of
sampling inspection, can be considered satisfactory as the
process average.
3.1.3 bursta break located at the periphery of the bolt
head.
3.1.4 cracka clean crystalline break passing through the
grain boundary without inclusion of foreign elements.
3.1.5 process averageas defined in MIL-STD-105, the
average percent defective of product at the time of original
inspection. Original inspection is that first inspection of a
particular quantity of product which is being reinspected after
rejection and reconditioning.
3.1.6 seam or lapa noncrystalline break through the
metal which is inherent in the raw material.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Type 1 bolts shall conform to the chemical composition
requirements specified for alloy steel class 10.9 bolts in
Specification F 568. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying
elements to qualify it as an alloy steel.
NOTE 4Steel is considered to be alloy, by the American Iron and Steel
Institute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying
elements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;
silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definite
minimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or
required within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloy
steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other
alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for products under this specification shall include
the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories),
4.1.2 Name of products, including accessories such as nuts
and washers when desired,
4.1.3 Dimensions, including nominal bolt diameter, thread
pitch, and length. For bolts of dimensional requirements other
than heavy hex structural bolts (see section 1.4) it is normally
necessary to specify grip length,
4.1.4 Type of bolt (that is, Type 1, 2, or 3).
4.1.4.1 When the bolt type is not specified Type 1, 2 or 3
bolts may be supplied by the manufacturer.
4.1.4.2 When atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are required, Type 3 bolts should be
specified by the purchaser.
4.1.5 ASTM designation and date of issue,
4.1.6 Whether proof load tests are required,
4.1.7 Specify if test reports are required, and
4.1.8 Any special requirements.
7. Mechanical Requirements
7.1 Bolts shall meet the mechanical requirements specified
for classes 10.9 and 10.9.3 bolts in Specification F 568. In
addition, bolts shall not have a tensile strength greater than
1200 MPa.
NOTE 5For information purposes only, the mechanical properties of
bolts are given in Appendix X1.
A 490M
10.4.1 In-process inspection during all manufacturing operations and treatments and storage of manufactured bolts shall
be in accordance with the practices of the individual manufacturer.
10.4.2 Before packing bolts for shipment, the manufacturer
shall make tests of sample bolts taken at random from each
shipping lot. A shipping lot, for purposes of selecting test
samples, is defined as that quantity of bolts of the same
nominal diameter and same nominal length necessary to fill the
requirements of a single purchase order.
10.4.3 The manufacturer shall make tests for tensile
strength (wedge test), and hardness of each lot of bolts,
including proof load tests when specified on the order. Alternatively, in accordance with 7.1 tests may be tensile strength,
yield strength, reduction of area, elongation, and hardness.
10.4.4 From each shipping lot, the minimum number of
tests of each required property shall be as follows:
9. Workmanship
9.1 Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance with
Specification F 788/F 788M.
10. Quality Assurance of Mechanical Requirements
10.1 The manufacturer shall make sample inspections of
every lot of bolts to ensure that properties of bolts are in
conformance with the requirements of this specification. All
bolts shall be inspected tested prior to shipment in accordance
with one of the two quality assurance procedures described in
10.3 and 10.4, respectively. The manufacturer shall have the
option of which procedure will be followed when furnishing
bolts to any single purchase order.
10.2 The purpose of a lot inspection testing program is to
ensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of this
specification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essential
that following delivery the purchaser continue to maintain the
identification and integrity of each lot until the product is
installed in its service application.
10.3 Production Lot Method:
10.3.1 All bolts shall be processed in accordance with a
lot-identification-control quality assurance plan. The manufacturer shall identify and maintain the integrity of each production lot of bolts from raw-material selection through all
processing operations and treatments to final packing and
shipment. Each lot shall be assigned its own lot-identification
number, each lot shall be tested, and the inspection test reports
for each lot shall be retained.
10.3.2 A production lot, for purposes of assigning an identification number and from which test samples shall be
selected, shall consist of all bolts processed essentially together
through all operations to the shipping container that are of the
same nominal diameter, the same nominal length, and produced from the same mill heat of steel.
10.3.3 The manufacturer shall make tests for tensile
strength (wedge test) and hardness of each lot of bolts.
Alternatively, in accordance with 7.1, tests may be tensile
strength, yield strength, reduction of area, elongation, and
hardness.
10.3.4 From each production lot, the minimum number of
tests of each required property shall be as follows:
Number of Pieces
in Production Lot
Number of Specimens
1
2
3
8
13
Number of Pieces
in Shipping Lot
Number of Specimens
1
2
3
5
8
13
20
A 490M
TABLE 1 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspection
of Longitudinal Discontinuities, Transverse Cracks, and Bursts
0.25 AQL
Lot Size
1 to 150
151 to 500
501 to
1200
1201 to
3200
3201 to
10 000
13. Inspection
13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by the
purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or
order.
13.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works that concern
the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer
shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities, to satisfy him
that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification. All tests and inspections required by the specification that are requested by the purchasers representative shall
be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
2.5 AQL
Sample
SizeA,B
Acceptance
Number
Rejection
Number
Sample
SizeA,B
Acceptance
NumberB
Rejection
Number
50
50
50
0
0
0
1
1
1
5
20
32
0
1
2
1
2
3
50
50
50
80
A
Sample sizes, acceptance numbers, and rejection numbers are extracted from
Single Sampling Plan for Normal Inspection Table IIA.MIL-STD-105.
B
Inspect all bolts in the lot if lot size is less than sample size.
14. Certification
14.1 When specified on the order the manufacturer shall
furnish the test reports described in 10.3.7 or 10.4.6, depending
on whether the bolts are furnished by the production lot or
shipping lot method.
15. Responsibility
15.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the
organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser and
certifies that the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested
and inspected in accordance with this specification and meets
all of its requirements.
12.5 Bursts:
12.5.1 From each lot of bolts a representative sample shall
be picked at random and visually inspected for bursts. The
sample size shall be as specified for an AQL of 2.5 in Table 1.
If the number of defectives found during inspection by the
manufacturer is greater than the acceptance number given in
Table 1 for the sample size, all bolts in the lot shall be visually
inspected and all defectives shall be removed and destroyed. If
the number of defectives found during inspection by the
purchaser is greater than the acceptance number given in Table
1 for the sample size, the lot shall be subject to rejection.
12.5.2 Any bolt with a burst in the flat of the head which
extends into the top crown surface (chamfer circle) or the
under-head bearing surface shall be considered defective. In
addition, bursts occurring at the intersection of two wrenching
flats shall not reduce the width across corners below the
specified minimum.
A 490M
17.2.1.4
17.2.1.5
17.2.1.6
17.2.1.7
Number of pieces,
Lot number,
Purchase order number, and
Country of origin.
18. Keywords
18.1 alloy steel; bolts; metric; steel; structural; weathering
steel
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FULL-SIZE BOLTS
M16
M20
M22
M24
M27
M30
M36
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2.5
2.5
3
3
3.5
4
Stress Area,
mm2
157
245
303
353
459
561
817
Tensile Strength, kN
Length
Measurement
Method
Yield
Strength
Method
Min
Max
130
203
251
293
381
466
678
148
230
285
332
431
527
768
163
255
315
367
477
583
850
188
294
364
424
551
673
980
Surface
Hardness
Product Hardness
HRC (Rockwell C)
HV (Vickers)
HR 30N
(Rockwell
30N)
Min
Max
Min
Max
Max
...
...
...
33
...
...
...
...
...
...
39
...
...
...
...
...
...
327
...
...
...
...
...
...
382
...
...
...
...
...
...
59
...
...
...
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This section identifies the location of selected changes to this standard that have been incorporated since the
93 issue. For the convenience of the user, Committee F16 has highlighted those changes that impact the use of
this standard. This section may also include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.
(1) Added 4.1.9, providing for optional use of ASME
B18.24.1, Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System.
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