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    Procedure: No - Description

    Uploaded by

    Zahidah Amanina
    (1) The document describes a procedure for measuring head losses in pipes of various diameters, fittings, and valves. (2) Equipment includes a flow meter, water pump, water tank, gate valve, manometer, ball valves, test pipes of different diameters, and elbow fittings. (3) The procedure involves setting up the apparatus, taking flow rate and pressure drop measurements for each pipe and fitting component, and calculating head losses. (4) Results are presented showing head losses for various flow rates through each pipe and fitting component. (5) The conclusion indicates that theoretical and experimental frictional losses are closely linked, with differences likely due to experimental errors, and that pipe diameter has the largest effect on friction factor.

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    Procedure: No - Description

    Uploaded by

    Zahidah Amanina
    37 views4 pages
    (1) The document describes a procedure for measuring head losses in pipes of various diameters, fittings, and valves. (2) Equipment includes a flow meter, water pump, water tank, gate valve, manometer, ball valves, test pipes of different diameters, and elbow fittings. (3) The procedure involves setting up the apparatus, taking flow rate and pressure drop measurements for each pipe and fitting component, and calculating head losses. (4) Results are presented showing head losses for various flow rates through each pipe and fitting component. (5) The conclusion indicates that theoretical and experimental frictional losses are closely linked, with differences likely due to experimental errors, and that pipe diameter has the largest effect on friction factor.

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    Procedure

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    (1) The document describes a procedure for measuring head losses in pipes of various diameters, fittings, and valves. (2) Equipment includes a flow meter, water pump, water tank, gate valve, manometer, ball valves, test pipes of different diameters, and elbow fittings. (3) The procedure involves setting up the apparatus, taking flow rate and pressure drop measurements for each pipe and fitting component, and calculating head losses. (4) Results are presented showing head losses for various flow rates through each pipe and fitting component. (5) The conclusion indicates that theoretical and experimental frictional losses are closely linked, with differences likely due to experimental errors, and that pipe diameter has the largest effect on friction factor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views4 pages

    Procedure: No - Description

    Uploaded by

    Zahidah Amanina
    (1) The document describes a procedure for measuring head losses in pipes of various diameters, fittings, and valves. (2) Equipment includes a flow meter, water pump, water tank, gate valve, manometer, ball valves, test pipes of different diameters, and elbow fittings. (3) The procedure involves setting up the apparatus, taking flow rate and pressure drop measurements for each pipe and fitting component, and calculating head losses. (4) Results are presented showing head losses for various flow rates through each pipe and fitting component. (5) The conclusion indicates that theoretical and experimental frictional losses are closely linked, with differences likely due to experimental errors, and that pipe diameter has the largest effect on friction factor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Procedure

    No Description
    .
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    Flow meter, Rotametre range: 1.8 to 18 litre per minute


    Water pump, centrifugal type 0 to 30 L/min. 10 m head. 240 V ac.
    Water flow return line.
    Water tank 20 litre.
    Gate valve for flow rate control. 0.5 diameter stainless steel type.
    U tube manometer range: 900 mm for pipe friction head loss measurement.
    Ball valve, open or shut control for pipe size selection experiment. 0.5
    diameter stainless steel type.
    Test pipe. Stainless steel smooth pipe. Internal diameter is 7.5 mm
    diameter.
    Pressure tap point length: 0.74 m.
    Test pipe. Stainless steel smooth pipe. Internal diameter is 10.0 mm
    diameter. Pressure tap point length: 0.74 m.
    Test pipe. Stainless steel smooth pipe. Internal diameter is 16 mm diameter.
    Pressure tap point length: 0.74 m.
    Long bend fitting. ID 10 mm diameter.
    Short bend fitting. ID 10 mm diameter.
    Electrical power switch for turning on the pump.

    Step by step Instruction


    (a) The valve position of the apparatus is set.
    (b) The manometer is connected to the pressure-tapping socket.
    (c) The water pump is switched on to circulate the water flow through the pipe
    network.
    (d) The water flow rate is controlled by adjusting the flow control valve flowing
    the required flow rate.
    (e) The water temperature is recorded.
    (f) The pressure drop is recorded for each different flow rate. The flow rate may
    vary according to the suggested flow rate shown for head loss for different
    pipefittings.
    (g) Carry out steps (a) to (f) for pipe of respective diameter
    (i) 7.5 mm
    (ii) 10 mm
    (iii) 16 mm
    (iv) Sudden contraction
    (v) Sudden enlargement
    (vi) Ball valve
    (vii) Short bend elbow
    (viii) Long bend elbow

    Result
    Kinematic Viscosity (water), v at

    25O C = 1.56x 107 m2 / s

    Reynolds number,

    VD
    v

    Velocity,
    Q
    V=
    A

    Loss coefficient

    Roughness,

    Area,

    Pressure loss,

    Head loss,

    m
    [ 2]
    d 2
    A=

    K L=

    V2
    2g

    = 0.0015 [mm]

    Relative Roughness =

    ()

    hL

    P= water g H L [ Pa]

    h f =f

    Flow rate
    L/min
    m3/s
    4
    0.000066
    67
    5
    0.000083
    33
    6
    0.0001

    l V2
    D 2g

    [m]

    Velocity
    m/s
    1.510

    Head loss
    mm H2O
    155.0

    Loss
    coefficient
    1.334

    Reynolds
    Number
    (72596)7.0104

    1.885

    162.5

    0.893

    (90625) 9.0104

    2.260

    160.0

    0.615

    (108653)1.010
    5

    i)

    SUDDEN CONTRACTION ( 7.5mm)

    i)

    SUDDEN ENLARGEMENT( 7.5mm)

    Flow rate
    L/min
    m3/s
    4
    0.000066
    67
    5
    0.000083
    33
    6
    0.0001

    Velocity
    m/s
    1.510

    Head loss
    mm H2O
    75.0

    Loss
    coefficient
    0.645

    Reynolds
    Number
    (72596)7.3104

    1.885

    87.5

    0.483

    (90625) 9.1104

    2.260

    85.0

    0.326

    (108653)1.110
    5

    ii)

    BALL VALVES ( 10.0mm)


    Flow rate

    Velocity

    Head loss

    Loss

    Reynolds

    L/min
    4
    5
    6
    iii)

    m3/s
    0.000066
    67
    0.000083
    33
    0.0001

    mm H2O
    117.5

    coefficient
    3.198

    Number
    (54423)5.4104

    1.061

    140.0

    2.440

    (68013)6.8104

    1.273

    145.0

    1.756

    (81603)8.2104

    SHORT BEND ELBOW ( 10.0mm)

    Flow rate
    L/min
    m3/s
    4
    0.000066
    67
    5
    0.000083
    33
    6
    0.0001
    iv)

    m/s
    0.849

    Velocity
    m/s
    0.849

    Head loss
    mm H2O
    65.0

    Loss
    coefficient
    1.769

    Reynolds
    Number
    (54423)5.4104

    1.061

    62.5

    1.089

    (68013)6.8104

    1.273

    58.0

    0.702

    (81603)8.2104

    LONG BEND ELBOW ( 10.0mm)

    Flow rate
    L/min
    m3/s
    4
    0.000066
    67
    5
    0.000083
    33
    6
    0.0001

    Velocity
    m/s
    0.849

    Head loss
    mm H2O
    75.0

    Loss
    coefficient
    2.041

    Reynolds
    Number
    (54423)5.4104

    1.061

    82.5

    1.438

    (68013)6.8104

    1.273

    85.0

    1.029

    (81603)8.2104

    Conclusion
    The results of this experiment show that theoretical frictional losses and
    experimental frictional losses are closely link and the difference could mainly be
    contribute towards experimental errors that were made in the results. It also
    shows that the diameter has the largest effect on friction factor.

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