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Unix System Performance

This document summarizes several commands used to monitor Unix system performance: crontab schedules jobs, uptime displays system uptime and load averages, ps shows running processes, iostat displays CPU and disk I/O information, sar provides statistics on CPU usage, memory, and disk I/O over time, vmstat reports virtual memory statistics, netstat provides networking information, and top lists processes by CPU usage. Each tool has various command line options to customize output.

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Pavan Hari Kishan
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77 views

Unix System Performance

This document summarizes several commands used to monitor Unix system performance: crontab schedules jobs, uptime displays system uptime and load averages, ps shows running processes, iostat displays CPU and disk I/O information, sar provides statistics on CPU usage, memory, and disk I/O over time, vmstat reports virtual memory statistics, netstat provides networking information, and top lists processes by CPU usage. Each tool has various command line options to customize output.

Uploaded by

Pavan Hari Kishan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MONITORING UNIX SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

crontab: This command tells the system to schedule a job at a


particular time and date and execute the job accordingly. There are many
command line options in crontab. In the below example crontab l shows
the list of scheduled jobs and copies the results to an output file.

In the same way, we can schedule a new job by using crontab e


For example, If we want to run a job on every day, every hour
0 * * * * sh/pathofthe_job/jobname.sh

uptime: It tells about the load averages on the system. In the below
example the uptime displays the time the system has been up, and the three
load averages for the system. The load averages are the average number of
process ready to run during the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes.

Process Status (ps): It tells about the processes running in the


systems. There are many command line options in ps which are shown in the
below snapshot.

For example the command ps e shows all the processes running in the
system.Suppose if we want to get the status of only mysql process we have
to give the following command ps ef|grep mysql.

iostat: The iostat will display the current CPU load average and disk I/O
information.

Syntax: iostat interval count


The below snapshot shows average cpu load and disk i/o. In this iostat 1
5 states to update the information of disk i/o and cpu load average for
every one second totally for five times.

sar: It is used to get the information about CPU utilization, system


calls, memory allocation, buffer activity, paging activity, and many
more. There are many command line options in sar which can be
used in combinations. For example the below snapshot shows two
commands sar u 2 5 and sar pd 2 5. The first one sar u
2 5 gives the information on cpu utilization for every two seconds
totally five times. The second one sar pd 2 5 gives the disk i/o
for every two seconds totally five times.

Virtual memory statistics (vmstat): vmstat reports


information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu
activity. The below snapshot of vmstat shows the memory every 1 second
and for 5 times
vmstat 1 5

Netstat: It is used for networking reports. There are many command


line options in netstat which can used in combinations. For example, to
diagnose a networking problem netstat i could be used in the following
way:
Name
Odrop
eg1
eg0
loop

Mtu

Network

1500 204.89.162
1500 38.254.211
1536 loopback-net

Address
dxi4.dxi.com
dxifour.dxi.com
localhost

Ipkts
2275517
4716968
0

Opkts
3783974
2862227
0

0
0
0

Here Odrop are the number of packets that were dropped or discarded
without reaching destination. The below snapshot shows all the command
line options that are available in netstat.

top: Top produces a list of all the currently running processes


listed in order of CPU usage. The list is continuously updated at five
second intervals by default, and there are options to shorten or
lengthen the update period. There are many command line options
in top. In top by default only some of the fields are displayed. We
can add the required additional fields using shift+o which gives
total field descriptions. We can also sort process ids using shift+<.
The below snapshot shows how the top command works.

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