26

27

NURSING AS A PROFESSION

LICENSE AND THE LICENSING BOARD

GOVERNING THE NURSING PRACTICE

LAWS

LEGAL ASPECTS IN NURSING

NURSING ETHICS
MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES

CONTINUING PROGRAM EDUCATION

28
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
1. It is the branch of law, which deals with the nursing laws, lawsuits, liability, legal principles,
rules and regulations, case laws and doctrines affecting the nursing practice.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Nursing ethics
Nursing legislation
Medical ethics
Nursing jurisprudence

2. Which of the following statements is the most important characteristic of professional nursing:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Provides a human resource

Demonstrates self control
Observes ethical practice
Is community oriented

3. What nursing is and ought to be is embodied in:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Mission statements
Code of Ethics
Philosophy of Nursing
Standard Nursing Practice

4. Nursing is best defined as a profession that:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Assist people toward self-care

Help people to do activities that contribute to health recovery or peaceful death
Is concerned with nursing diagnosis and treatment
Care for people, sick or well in any health setting

5. Benners Proficient nurse level is different from the other levels in nursing expertise in the
context having:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Intuitive and analytic ability in new situations

The ability to organize and plan activities
Having attained an advanced level of education
A holistic understanding and perception of the client

6. Which of the following is consistent regarding the establishment of the Philippine Nurses
Association?
1. The first president was Mrs. Anastacia Tupas
2. The first president was Mrs. Rosario Delgado
3. Organized on1922
4. Organized on 1926
a.
b.
c.
d.

1
1
1
2

only
and 3
and 4
and 3

7. The PNA code of ethics is characterized by the following EXCEPT:

a.
b.
c.
d.

it
it
it
it

emphasized the dependent role of the nurse

provides more realistic guide to expected practice
can be used as a guidelines for professional conduct in a malpractice suit
embodies rules or standards governing the conduct of members of its profession

29
8. An association of nurses composed of nursing service administrators in both government and
private hospitals.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)

Association of Deans and Principals of Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN)
National League of Nurses (NLN)
Association of Nursing Service Administrators of the Philippines (ANSAP)

9. The nursing roadmap is a program of transformation of the nursing profession. The vision of
nursing roadmap is for the Philippines to be the lead in promoting professional nursing in the
Asia Pacific Region by the year:
a.
b.
c.
d.

2020
2030
2040
2050

10.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The educational qualification of a nurse to become a supervisor in a hospital is:

At least 2 years experience as a headnurse

BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
At least 18 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
Master of Arts in Nursing major in administration

LICENSE AND THE LICENSING BOARD

11.
The following are the qualifications of the members of the Board of Nursing (BON) under
Republic Act 9173, except:
a. Must be a natural born citizen and resident of the Philippines
b. Must be a registered nurse and a holder of Masters degree in nursing, education or other
allied medical profession conferred by a college or university duly recognized by the government
c. Must have five years of continuous practice of the profession prior to appointment
d. Must be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurses
12.
Which statement is true about the power of the Board of Nursing (BON) to revoke a
certificate of license?
a.
b.
c.
d.

After a period of four years, a revoked license may be re-applied

A revoked license may be reapplied after two years
When the BON revoked a license, it is already absolute and final
A revoked license may be re-applied after three years

13.
When the member of the Board of Nursing studied and reviewed the provisions of RA
7164 and subsequently adopted the implementing guidelines, it was an exercise of their power
called:
a.
b.
c.
d.

quasi-judicial
discretionary
quasi-legislative
ministerial

14.
A professional license is a legal document necessary for the practice of a profession. It is
best described as:
1. a proof of expertise in the delivery of health care to people
2. an evidence that one has the basic skill, knowledge and attitude to qualify for the practice
3. a privilege

30
4. a temporary right
5. a permanent right
a.
b.
c.
d.

only 2
1 and 3
1, 4, and 5
2, 3, and 4

15.
Which of the following is not true about examination and registration under Philippine
Nursing Act of 2002?
a. An examinee that rates lower than sixty percent (60%) in a particular subject but have a
general average of seventy-five percent (75%) will take the examination again for that subject
but needs to get seventy-five percent (75%) for the said subject
b. An examinee who fails three times in the subject or subjects repeated, shall not be allowed to
take a licensure examination unless he/she enrolls and passes the refresher course.
c. To pass the local board examination for nurses in the Philippines, an examinee must obtain a
general average rating of at least seventy-five percent (75%) with a rating of not below sixty
percent (60%) in any subject.
d. The scope of local board examination for nurses in the Philippines take in consideration the
objectives of the nursing curriculum, the broad areas of nursing, and other health related
disciplines and competencies.
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.

If a student nurse failed the exam in one set only, he or she could retake the exam

Within
Within
Within
Within

30
24
18
12

months
months
months
months

after
after
after
after

the
the
the
the

last
last
last
last

failed
failed
failed
failed

examination
examination
examination
examination

17.
All successful candidates of the examination shall be required ti take an oath of
profession prior to entering the nursing practice. The schedule of mass oathtaking is
a.
b.
c.
d.

within
within
within
within

18.
the:
a.
b.
c.
d.

15
30
60
90

days
days
days
days

after
after
after
after

the
the
the
the

official
official
official
official

release
release
release
release

of
of
of
of

the
the
the
the

results
results
results
results

of
of
of
of

the
the
the
the

licensure
licensure
licensure
licensure

examination.
examination.
examination.
examination.

In the absence of Board of Nursing, Mandy knows who will administer the oath and this is

The top 1 in the licensure exam

APO/PNA
The president of the Philippines
Authorized representative

19.
Which of the following conditions is not a ground for revocation or suspension of
certificate of registration?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Malpractice or negligence
3 consecutive incident reports
Gross incompetence
Fraud in obtaining a certificate

20.
An institution or organization that is responsible for approving the certificate to operate
as a nursing school in the Philippines.
a. Philippine Nurses Association

31
b. Commission on Higher Education
c. Professional Regulations Commission
d. Board of Nursing
21.
A nurse who would like to practice nursing in the Philippines can obtain a license to
practice by:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Paying the examination fee before taking the board exams

Paying the professional tax after taking the board exams
Undergoing the interview conducted by the Board of Nursing and taking the board exams
Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals

22.
Reciprocity of license to practice requires that the country of origin of the interested
foreign nurse complies with the following conditions:
a. The Philippines is recognized by the country of origin as one that has high quality of nursing
education
b. The country of origin exempts Filipinos from passing their licensure examination
c. The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses
to practice in their country.
d. The country of origin requires Filipinos to take their own board examination
23.
Nurses practicing the profession in the Philippines and are employed in government
hospitals are required to pay taxes such as:
a. Income tax which paid every March 15 and professional tax which is paid every January 31.
b. Income tax only since they are exempt from paying professional tax
c. Professional tax which is paid by all nurses employed in both government and private
hospitals
d. Both income tax and professional tax
24.
According to RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, a graduate nurse who wants to take
must licensure examination must comply with the following qualifications:
a. Filipino citizen or a citizen of a country where we have reciprocity; graduate of BSN from a
recognized school and of good moral character
b. At least 18 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral character
c. At least 18 years old, provided that when s/he passes the board exams, s/he must be at least
21 years old; SN graduate of a recognized school, and of good moral character
d. At least 21 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school, and of good moral character
25.
a.
b.
c.
d.

When the license of the nurse is revoked, it means that the nurse:

Will remain unable to practice professional nursing

May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked
Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life

26.
A newly graduate nursing student applied at the PRC to take the Philippine Nurses
Licensure Examination. To qualify she must possess the following:
1. With good health and with good moral character
2. A Filipino citizen
3. Age must be 21 years old
4. Graduated from a recognized College of Nursing
a. all except 1
b. all except 3
c. 2 and 4

32
d. 4 only
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The Board of Nursing can be appointed through any of the following ways, except:

Ad interim appointment
Quantum Meruit appointment
Hold-over appointment
Regular appointment

28.
Hermit, a BSN graduate wishes to acquire a license. She knows that a license can be
acquired through which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Registration
Registration
Registration
Registration

by
by
by
by

reciprocity
a written examination
payment of the required fees
temporary/special permit

29.
A newly registered nurse desires to obtain another license to practice intravenous therapy
for his nursing profession. This is the legal basis that Registered Nurses must undergo special
training on intravenous injections.
a.
b.
c.
d.

BON
BON
BON
BON

30.
a.
b.
c.
d.

A
A
A
A

Resolution
Resolution
Resolution
Resolution

No.
No.
No.
No.

08
80
14
41

S
S
S
S

1994
1994
1999
1999

The Commision of Higher Education cannot close down a school of nursing without:
permit from the PRC
proper notice to the school one week before the closure of the school
recommendation from the BON
consultation meeting with the students of the school

LAWS GOVERNING THE NURSING PRACTICE

31.
The law is an essential component of nursing practice. The following concepts are true
about laws, EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.

laws
laws
laws
laws

and ethics are closely related

govern a particular field or activity
tend to remain constant
are principles and processes that resolve disputes without resorting to physical force

32.
A nurse believes that health is a fundamental right of every individual. He believes in the
worth and dignity of each human being and recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve
health at all costs. These statements are part of the:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Standards of Nursing Practice

Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
Code of Good Governance for the Professions
Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses

33.
Under the new Philippine nursing law of 2002, each professional nurse must be legally
accountable in all his actions, which involves proper monitoring and, recording. The legal
implication of this is due to?
a. because a chart needs to be completed by handwritten words
b. if it was not written although it was performed, it is considered as not having been done at all

33
c. that regardless if the nurse recorded his observation or not, he shall still be
liable
d. if the nurse did not document anything, he shall not be liable

accountable and

34.
Republic Act No. 9173, otherwise known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 was
implemented to define the scope of nursing practice, licensing requirements, and standards of
nursing care. The Features of the Philippines Nursing Act of 2002 include the following, except:
a. The Certificate of Registration may be revoked or suspended if the nurse demonstrated
unprofessional or unethical conduct.
b. A faculty in a college of nursing should have at least one (1) year of clinical practice in a field
of specialization.
c. A member of the Board of Nursing should have at least ten (10) years of continuous practice
of the nursing profession provided that the last five (5) years of which shall be in the Philippines.
d. The Board of Nursing shall designate the places and dates of the Nursing Licensure
Examination.
35.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following provisions does not apply to RA 7305?

Encourage those qualified and with abilities to remain in government service

Standardized the salaries of nurses working in the government
Promotes and improves the socio-economic well-being public health workers
Develop their skills and abilities to remain in the government

LEGAL ASPECTS IN NURSING

36.
When Nurse Raffy was about to administer the medications of Mr. Angelo, the relative of
told the nurse that they buy his medicines and showed the container of medications of the Mr.
Angelo. Which of the following is the most appropriate action of Nurse Raffy?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Bring the medications of the client to the nurses station and prepare accordingly.
Tell the client that he will inform the physician about this.
Put aside the medications he prepared and instead administer the clients medication.
Hold the nurse administration of the clients medication and refer to the head nurse.

37.
If the nurse allows the publication of a picture of a malformed baby without the consent
of the parents constitute:
a.
b.
c.
d.

false imprisonment
battery
invasion to right of privacy
defamation

38.
The increased incidence of medication error is the number one problem in the unit where
a nurse is assigned. During the brainstorming session of the nursing service department,
probable causes were identified. Which of the following is process related?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Use of unofficial abbreviations

Failure to identify client
Interruptions
Lack of knowledge

39.
Nurse Mimi gave an inaccurate dose of medication to a client. After
assessment, she completes an incident report, notifies the nursing supervisor of the
medication error and calls the physician to report the occurrence. Nurse Mimi
understands that an
a. Incident will be documented in the personnel file.

34
b. Incident will be reported to the board of nursing.
c. IR is a method of promoting quality care and risk management.
d. Error will result in suspension.
40.
The medicine unit nurses are having their lunch at the canteen when one of
them tells the group that she heard their secretary contracted the disease from her
husband. The nurse violated the legal tort of
a. Libel
b. Negligence
c. Assault
d. Slander
41.
a.
b.
c.
d.

nurse practice acts

civil rights acts
negligence laws
substance abuse laws

42.
a.
b.
c.
d.

An example of administrative law that affects nursing is

When a nurse is sued, the reasonable person standard asks

if the action was taken reasonable in the eyes of the plaintiff

what the public considers to be reasonable action
what a reasonable nurse would do in similar situation
if the institutions standards were reasonable

43.

In which situations may the nurse legally use restraints?

a.
b.
c.
d.

client keeps asking for help to go to the bathroom and the nurse is very busy
critically ill client becomes violent and is removing IV lines and medical monitoring
client states he wants to get out of bed but the doctor has ordered bedrest
newly admitted client is confused as to the location of his bathroom

the
the
the
the

44.
a.
b.
c.
d.

call the police

report the coworker to nursing administration
refer the coworker to a substance abuse program
try to help the coworker

45.
a.
b.
c.
d.

If a nurse suspects a coworker is abusing chemicals, the nurse should

Information in the patients chart is inadmissible in court as evidence when:

It has too many aberrations that are unofficial

The clients family refuses to have it used.
The handwriting is not legible
The client objects to its use

46.
Joy, age 15, got pregnant and was abandoned by her boyfriend. She visited a doctors
clinic and asked the nurse if she could have an abortion. What should be the initial response of
the nurse?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Why not think it over and then decide after careful assessment of the situation.
What are your feelings about abortion?
You should not feel that way.
You seek advise from your parents.

35
47.
Because of too much workload, Nurse Andy accidentally gave 2 tablets instead of the
ordered one tablet. Nurse Andy reports this to the head nurse and the physician is also notified.
Nurse Andy monitors carefully the client for untoward effects that could happen. Can the client
sue Nurse Andy for malpractice?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Yes, because foreseeability is present

No, because the client was not harmed
Yes, because the nurse made an error in medication
No, because the nurse notified the physician right away

48.
he nurse restrains a patient who is of sound mind and is not in danger of injuring himself
or others is said to be liable for what?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Invasion of Privacy
False Imprisonment
Assault
Battery

49.
A surgical instrument was left in the body of the client after the appendectomy. The
negligence of the act can be established under what doctrine?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Res Ipsa Loquitur

Captain of the Ship
Good Samaritan Law
Respondeat Superior

50.
true?

A patient is terminally ill and has asked the nurse to witness a will. Which statement is

a. the nurse should help the patient draw up a will

b. the nurse has a legal obligation to act as a witness to a will
c. Only lawyer or family member can act as a witness to a will. It a nurse acts as a witness the
will may automatically be declared invalid
d. the nurse should make sure that the patient is of sound mind, is lucid, and understands what
he or she is doing
51.
During the investigation, it was decided to call the watcher to testify what she knows
about the case. The watcher can be compelled to be presented in the next hearing if the
investigating body issues which of the following
a.
b.
c.
d.

subpoena
subpoena duces tecum
injunction
summon

52.
Who among the following cannot legally give consent to any medical or surgical
treatment?
1. emancipated minor
2. a minor person
3. an unconscious or imbecile person
4. a person accused of civil interdiction
a.
b.
c.
d.

all except 1
all except 2
3 and 4
1, 2, 3, and 4

53.

When the patient is asked to testify in court, s/he must abide by the ethical principle of:

36
a.
b.
c.
d.

Informed consent
Autonomy
Privileged communication
Solidarity

54.

When the doctor orders do not resuscitate, this means that

a. The patient need not be given food and water after all s/he is dying
b. The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures
for the patient
c. The patient need not be given ordinary care so that her/his dying process is hastened
d. The nurse need not give due care to the patient since s/he is terminally ill
55.
Nurse Neon working in a neonatal care unit is being sued. An expert witness is called. The
expert witness would be
a.
b.
c.
d.

a neonatal intensive care nurse

the chief of nursing in the hospital
a faculty member is an university school of nursing
a physician who specializes in neonatology

56.
The relative of an admitted client is a physician. He asks the nurse for the clients chart.
The relative is not the physician on the case. The best response for the nurse is to
a.
b.
c.
d.

call the supervisor

tell the physician where the chart is but not actually give it to the physician
ask the client for written consent before allowing the relative to see the chart
extend professional courtesy and let him see the chart

57.
a.
b.
c.
d.

it
it
it
it

58.

Which statement is true about fraud?

is oral information given to a third party that causes damage to someones reputation
results from a deliberate deception intended to produce unlawful gain
is written information given to a third party that causes damage to someones reputation
results from revealing confidential information without persons permission
Which statement is not true regarding consent?

a. the client must be mentally competent to give consent

b. informed consent is required for emergency life-threatening procedures
c. consent forms must be obtained for invasive procedures
d. benefits and risk of the procedure should be explained to the client by the health care
provider before consent is obtained
59.
Which of the following conditions will establish the Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor in a case
sued against three nurses? Select all that apply.
1. That the injury was caused by an irresistible force, one that is unforeseen and inevitable.
2. That the injury was caused by an agency within the control of the defendant.
3. That the plaintiff himself did not engage in any manner that would tend to bring about the
injury.
4. That the injury was of such nature that it would not normally occur unless there was a
negligent act on the part of someone.
a.
b.
c.
d.

all except 1
all except 4
2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3, and 4

37
60.
Which of the following laws require a nurse to report a peer who is keeping a portion of
narcotics ordered for a client?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Malpractice laws
Civil Court laws
Reporting laws
Jurisdiction laws

61.
These are the persons who have knowledge on the commission of the crime, without
participating therein:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Principals
Vice-principals
Victims
Accessories

62.
After a severe injury to the back, the client is in the ambulance heading towards the
emergency department. While being transported, the straps of the stretcher where the client is
laid down, accidentally broke and the client fell on the floor hitting his head. In this situation, the
nurse is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Free from any negligence that caused harm to the patient

Not responsible because of the doctrine of respondeat superior
Liable along with the employer for the use of defective equipment that harmed the client
Totally responsible for negligence

63.
a.
b.
c.
d.

When a research study involves subjects who are 16 years of age:

only legally declared emancipated minors may participate

consent is necessary only if the study poses a substantial risk to subjects
subjects can render their own consent
parental permission is necessary

NURSING ETHICS
64.

Which of the following is a true statement about anonymity or confidentiality?

a. Confidentiality means that the subject has the right to determine the time and circumstances
under which private information is shared
b. Confidentiality means that data obtained are known only to the researcher
c. Anonymity means that the subjects identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, to data
obtained
d. Anonymity means that the researcher agrees not to link the information collected with the
subject when reporting study findings
65.
Historically, subjects have been treated carelessly, without consideration of physical or
psychological harm. This is a violation of what basic human right?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Right
Right
Right
Right

66.

to fair treatment
of informed consent
to protection from discomfort and harm
of self-determination

Which one of the following situations is an example of coercion?

a. Subject responses can be linked with their identity

b. Subjects are misinformed about the purpose of the research

38
c. People become research subjects and are exposed treatments without being aware of it
d. Subjects feel that their case will be adversely affected if they refuse to participate in a
research study
67.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following is the best example of the ethical principle of fidelity?

Being a good friend to the client by sharing secrets

Doing whatever the physician or client wants you to do
Keeping a promise to return to the client at a given time
Saving the client money by not wasting supplies

68.
Which of the following laws stating that nurses must adopt the Filipino Nurses Code of
Ethics?
a.
b.
c.
d.

RA 7164
RA 9173
BON Resolution No. 220
BON Resolution No. 14

69.
When a negligence case is brought against a nurse, it is necessary to prove liability.
Which element is not essential for proof of liability?
a.
b.
c.
d.

causation
injury
witnesses
duty

70.
The medicine unit nurse noted that after she has rendered tepid sponge bath, the clients
temperature remain unchanged. The nurse knew that if that was the case, she would have to
continue doing TSB. But she still had another client to attend to, so the nurse charted instead a
normal temperature reading so that she would not have to redo the TSB. Which of the following
ethical principle did she violate?
a.
b.
c.
d.

autonomy
confidentiality
veracity
justice

71.
Which of the following nursing professional values is the best described as acting in
accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice?
a.
b.
c.
d.

autonomy
integrity
human dignity
social justice

72.
Nurse Pandy learns that his co staff nurse in the unit steals medicine from one patient,
substitutes it with a cheaper brand, and sells the stolen one to another patient. Nurse Pandy
recognizes that there are at least two ethical principles violated with his act. They are:
a.
b.
c.
d.

justice and beneficence

non maleficence and justice
beneficence and veracity
veracity and non-maleficence

73.

Which document refers specifically to the clients right for an advance directive?

a. Patients Bill of Rights

39
b. International Council of Nurses Code for Nurses
c. American Nurses Association Code for Nurses
d. Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics
74.
A 58-year-old client felt better after 5 days but recognizing the severity of his illness, he
executes a document authorizing the wife to transact any form of business in his behalf in
addition to all decisions relative to his confinement this document is referred to as:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Living will
Medical records
Power of attorney
Informed consent

75.
While in the ICU, he executes the documents that list medical treatment he chooses to
refuse in case his condition becomes severe to a point that he will be unable to make decisions
for himself. This document is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Power of attorney
Last will and testament
Living will
Informed consent

76.
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and
Behavioral Research identified three ethical principles relevant to the conduct of research
involving human subjects. These included respects for person, beneficence, and:
a.
b.
c.
d.

justice
freedom
equity
equality

77.
Mrs. Pili has been confined in a semi-private room for 2 days until another client came.
The new client asks the nurse what is the condition of Mrs. Pili. The nurse should
a.
b.
c.
d.

Advise him that all clients condition are held in confidence.

Explain in laymans term the condition of the new client.
Tell him to ask the new client himself.
Ask the client what he wants to know.

78.
The nurse has a responsibility to perform nursing care activities based upon standards of
practice. This means that:
a.
b.
c.
d.

practices observed by nurses ensure quality care.

nursing action performed by the nurse is based on scientific knowledge.
nursing activities performed by the nurse are at an acceptable level.
minimum level of performance is accepted to ensure high quality care.

79.
To provide quality nursing care to various clients in any setting, the most important tool of
the nurse is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Observation skills for data collection

Possession of scientific knowledge about the client needs
Understanding of various nursing diagnosis
Critical thinking to decide appropriate nursing actions

80.

What is the purpose of having a Code of Ethics for nurses?

a. To delineate the scope and areas of nursing practice

40
b. To identify the professional conduct expected of nurses
c. To define the roles and functions of the nurse
d. To identify the nursing action recommended for a health care situation
81.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Beneficence
Fidelity
Veracity
Justice

82.
a.
b.
c.
d.

When the nurse saves a drowning victim, the nurse is upholding what ethical principle?

Which of the following is included in the patients bill of rights?

to send and receive mail

to be told the cost of services
to be given privacy when receiving care
all of the above

83.

Which statement in the Code for Nurses justifies whistle blowing?

a. The nurse participates in activities that contribute to the ongoing development of the
professions body of knowledge
b. the nurse assumes responsibility and accountability for individual nursing judgments and
actions
c. the nurse acts to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected
by the incompetent , unethical, or illegal practice of any person
d. the nurse exercises informed judgment and use individual competence and qualifications as
criteria in seeking consultation, accepting responsibilities, and delegating nursing activities to
others
84.

What action by the nurse demonstrates culturally sensitive care?

a. Avoids questions about male-female relationships.

b. Applies knowledge of a cultural group unless a client embraces Western customs.
c. Explains the differences between Western medical care and cultural folk remedies.
d. Asks permission before touching a client.
85.
Nurse Sergio, an operating room nurse, is distressed after knowing that clients are not
informed that some disposable equipment and supplies like trocars, catheters are reused on
clients during minimally invasive surgeries without their knowledge. Which ethical principle of
the client is violated?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Veracity
Justice

86.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Every nurse is responsible for his own acts which includes all these but one:

Health care service only to those belonging to his race, creed, social status, etc.
primary, secondary and tertiary care
performances while on duty or off duty
providing first aid and emergency

87.

Nurses agree to be advocates for their clients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:

a. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner

b. Assess the clients point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view

41
c. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
d. Work to understand the law as it applies to the clients clinical condition
88.
If a nurse assesses a client for pain and then offers a plan to manage the pain, the
principle that encourages the nurse to monitor the clients response to the plan is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Respect for autonomy

Beneficence
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence

MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES
89.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Decisions has to be made based on societal norms

A clients legal right to exist with the nurses professional obligation
A decision has to be made quickly, often stressful conditions.
The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong

90.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Euthanasia is an ethical dilemma, which confronts nurses in the ICU because:

It
It
It
It

Which statement best describes the ethical theory of teleology?

was postulated by Immanuel Kant
states that one should act only if the action is based on a universal principle
is also known as the categorical imperative
states that the value of a situation is determined by its consequences

91.
A client has a terminal illness and is unable to eat. The decision is made not to give the
client IV feedings. This is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.

passive euthanasia
active euthanasia
allocation of scarce resources
assisted suicide

92.
Nurses should be aware that the following collaborative interventions can be considered
as passive euthanasia. Identify which one is NOT considered as passive euthanasia.
a. Withdrawing the nasogastric tube in patients with nutritional requirement is administered by
tube only
b. Administering pain medication that may lead respiratory arrest
c. Withhold I.V therapy in patients whose only source of fluid is via the parenteral route.
d. Delaying oxygen administration
93.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which statement best describes morality?

Being dependent on the 4 Principles of behavior

Adherence to specific Codes of Conduct
Commitment to an individual value system
Adherence to defined institution defined rules of behavior

94.
When a nurse makes a decision based on the reasoning that good consequences will
outweigh bad consequences, she is following which theory?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Utilitarian theory
Deontological theory
Moralist theory
Formalist theory

42
95.
During the nurse tour of duty, very often they are confronted with ethical dilemma. In
their decision-making, which of the following would require application of the Principle of
Beneficence?
a. A confused 70-year-old lady needs restraints for protection from fall even if this makes her
more agitated.
b. A young patient who has asked not to receive tube feeding due to intense pain.
c. A 3rd day post cholecystectomy client requests narcotic injection every 4 hours.
d. A young father of three boys with advanced lung cancer asks that all known regimen be done
to prolong his life despite no improvement.
96.
The doctrine that the general welfare of society is the proper goal of an individuals
actions rather than egoism; the branch of philosophy that concerns the distinction between right
from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions
a.
b.
c.
d.

ethics
altruism
value
manual

CONTINUING PROGRAM EDUCATION

97.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The nurse join a continuing education program for the purpose of

Getting in touch with colleagues in nursing

Updating knowledge and skills related to field of interest
Enhancing basic knowledge
Earning credits for license renewal

98.
A new graduate who is seeking employment decides to attend training on IV therapy
program offered by an accredited nursing organization. This is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Continuing education
Advanced training
In-service education
Professional training

99.
The objectives of continuing professional education programs in nursing are the following,
EXCEPT:
a. Augment the nurse educational preparation for admission to the practice of his profession
b. Protect and promote the general welfare of the public by attaining the highest standards and
quality in the practice of profession
c. Make available latest trends in the profession brought by scientific and technological
advancement in the profession
d. Make the professional globally competitive by maintaining capability for delivering
professional services
100.Continuing Professional Education (CPE) is mandated in the PRC Modernization Act of
a.
b.
c.
d.

RA 977
RA 9173
RA 8981
PD 223

43

44

ANSWERS AND CONCEPT ILLUMINATIONS

45
1. ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Nursing jurisprudence deals specifically with nursing legalities encompassing the laws, lawsuits,
rules, and regulations that affect the practice. Nursing ethics is related to all principles of right
conduct as they apply to the profession. Nursing legislation are the specific laws applied to
nursing. Medical ethics is about the right conduct in the practice of medicine.
2. ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A profession must always observe the presence of ethics. The profession must recognize its
obligations to society by insisting that its members live up to an established code of ethics.
3. ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Nursing is an occupation requiring a unique body of knowledge and skills to serve society. The
philosophy of nursing embodies what the nursing profession is and ought to be. Mission
statements dictates that actions of the professional to attain its goals and objectives. The Code
of Ethics states that the nurse has the responsibility encompassing promotion of health,
prevention of illness, alleviation of suffering, and restoration of health. Standards of Nursing
Practice provide guidelines to describe what a reasonably prudent person would do under similar
circumstances.
4. ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Nursing is people and client oriented. The nursing profession aims to give what the society needs
in terms of health care and apply its knowledge and skills to serve the society.
5. ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The proficient performer perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of chopped up parts
or aspects, and performance is guided by maxims. This holistic understanding improves the
proficient nurse's decision-making; it becomes less labored because the nurse now has a
perspective on which of the many existing attributes and aspects in the present situation are the
important ones. Proficient nurses understand a situation as a whole because they perceive its
meaning in terms of long-term goals.
6. ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Philippine Nurses Association was organized on October 22, 1922 upon the initiation of Mrs.
Anastacia Tupas. Its first president was Mrs. Rosario Delgado.
7. ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The code of ethics of the Philippine Nurses Association do not emphasize the dependent roles of
a nurse, rather it stress out the independent fuctions of a nurse. The code of ethics truly provides
more realistic guide to expected practice. It can also be used as a guideline for professional
conduct in a malpractice suit and it embodies rules or standards governing the conduct of
members of its profession.
8. ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
ANSAP, founded in 1968, is composed of nursing service administrators in both government and
private hospitals. It initiated the development of Standards of Nursing Service and Practice.
9. ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

46
According to the Board of Nursing, the nursing roadmap continues to be a challenge to the
nursing profession. The vision of the nursing roadmap is that by 2003, the Philippines shall be
the lead in promoting Professional Nursing in the Asia Pacific Region.
10.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
According to RA 9173 sec. 29, the educational qualification to be a supervisor in a hospital is at
least nine units of postgraduate studies in nursing administration. A masters degree in nursing
is required for the chief nurse of a secondary or tertiary hospital.
11.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
According to the Republic Act 9173, to qualify as a member of the Board of Nursing (BON), one
should have at least 10 years of continuous practice of the nursing profession prior to
appointment, the last five years of which is in the Philippines. The other qualifications are as
follows:
1. Must be a natural born citizen and resident of the Philippines
2. Must be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurses
3. Must be a registered nurse and a holder of Masters degree in nursing, education or other
allied medical profession conferred by a college or university duly recognized by the government
12.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
According to R.A. 9173, the suspension of the certificate of registration/professional license shall
be for a period not to exceed four (4) years. A revoked license may be reapplied after this period.
13.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The quasi-legislative power of the Board of Nursing enables them to review and approve, adopt,
issue, and promulgate guidelines and regulations to the improvement of the practice of nursing
and for the proper and full enforcement of the provisions of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 or
the Republic Act 9173.
14.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A license is a legal document given by the government that permits a person to offer to the
public his or her skills and knowledege in a particular jurisdiction. It is a privilege and a
temporary right under standards and kimitations. It is given to a person as evidence that one has
the basic skill, knowledge and attitude to qualify for the practice.
15.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Phillipine Nursing Act of 2002 or the Republic Act 9173 do not include the provision that if an
examinee fails three times in the subject or subjects repeated, he or she should first pass the
refresher course prior to taking the licensure examination again. The other statements are within
the provisions of the Republic Act 9173.
16.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Renewal examination shall be taken within two years or 24 months after the last faile exam.
17.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The schedule of mass oathtaking is within 15 days after the official release of the results of the
licensure examination, which is included in the press release issued by the Professional
Regulation Commission.
18.

ANSWER: D.

47
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
All successful candidates of the examination shall be required ti take an oath of profession before
the Board or any government official authorized to administer oaths prior to entering the nursing
practice.
19.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Having 3 consecutive incident reports is not a ground for revocation or suspension of certificate
of registration. The prohibitions in yhe nursing practice when the license is suspended or revoked
are
1. Without certificate of registration or professional license
2. Fraud in obtaining a certificate
3. Falsely advertises as a registered nurse
4. Assistance to illegal practice not lawfully accepted
5. Malpractice or negligence
6. Gross incompetence
20.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Commission on Higher Education is the institution or organization that is responsible for
approving the certificate to operate as a nursing school.
21.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
For a nurse to obtain a license to practice nursing in the Philippines, s/he must pass the board
examinations and then take the oath of professionals before the Board of Nursing.
22.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
According to the Philippine Nurses Act of 2002, foreign nurses wanting to practice in the
Philippines must show proof that his/her country of origin meets the two essential conditions: a)
the requirements for registration between the two countries are substantially the same; and b)
the country of origin of the foreign nurse has laws allowing the Filipino nurse to practice in
his/her country just like its own citizens.
23.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
According to the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers, government nurses are exempted from
paying professional tax. Hence, as an employee in the government, s/he will pay only the income
tax.
24.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
RA 9173 section 13 states that the qualifications to take the board exams are: Filipino citizen or
citizen of a country where the Philippines has reciprocity; of good moral character and graduate
of BSN from a recognized school of nursing. There is no explicit provision about the age
requirement in RA 9173 unlike in RA7164 (old law)
25.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
RA 9173 sec. 24 states that for equity and justice, a revoked license maybe re-issued provided
that the following conditions are met: a) the cause for revocation of license has already been
corrected or removed; and, b) at least four years has elapsed since the license has been
revoked.
26.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

48
In the qualifications for admission to the licensure examination, this does not include the
minimum age of 21 years. The specific age of applicants to take the examination to be at least
21 years (from RA 877 to RA 4704) or at least 18 years (from RA 7164) has been deleted. The
Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 does not have any age requirement and age limitation.
27.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Quantum meruit is not a way of appointing the Board of Nursing; rather it is the compensation of
the Board Members. They are paid based on the principle of Quantum meruit, which means, as
much as they deserve.
28.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Registration is the recording the names of persons who have qualified under the law to practice
their respective profession. When a BSN graduate would like to acquire a license, registration by
examination is the most appropriate and legal way. This is done by taking and passing the
licensure examination.
29.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The legal basis that Registered Nurses must undergo special training on intravenous injections is
the BON Resolution No. 08 S 1994.
30.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Board of Nursing also has the power when the Commission on Higher Education likes to
close down a nursing school. The Board of Nursing has the power since it is the agency that
creates the licensure examination, to who the passing rate of the nursing schools are noted.
31.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Laws tend to remain constant is not accurate because laws are continuously changed or
amended for the improvement of the practice of the profession. Laws and ethics are closely
related because the ethical principles applied by a nurse are based on the consequences stated
in the laws. Laws govern a particular field or activity to make a jurisdiction for the profession.
Laws are principles and processes that resolve disputes without resorting to physical force.
32.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Article I, Section 1 of the Amended Code of Ethics for Nurses states, Health is a fundamental
right of every individual. The Filipino registered nurse, believing in the worth and dignity of each
human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost. This
responsibility encompasses promotion of health, prevention of illness, alleviation of suffering,
and restoration of health. However, when the foregoing is not possible, assistance towards a
peaceful death shall be his/her obligation.
33.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 states that if an action is not documented, though performed
is considered not done or performed by the nurse. The nurse is legally accountable for the
actions done and not done for the client. The chard, which contains the nursing care provided, is
strong evidence in court.
34.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The body that designates the places and dates of the Nursing Licensure Examination is the
Professional Regulations Commission and not the Board of Nursing.

49
35.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
RA 7305 is entitled Magna Carta of Public Health Workers. Under this law, salary scales are
specified as well as the different allowances provided. Standardization of the salaries of nurses
working in the government is not specified in this law. The signficant objectives are stated in the
remaining options, they are:
1. Encourage those qualified and with abilities to remain in government service
2. Promotes and improves the socio-economic well-being public health workers
3. Develop their skills and abilities to remain in the government.
36.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Since medication prescription is not within the scope of nursing practice, the physician must be
informed as he is allowed and has the right to prescribe medications to the client. In this case,
the nurse must inform the physician so that he can decide whether to consider the drug or
discard it.
37.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The right to privacy is the right to be left alone, the right to be free of unwarranted publicity view
as well as the right to live ones life without having anyones name, picture or provate affairs
made public against ones will. The situation violates the right to privacy of the client by publicly
revealing a malformed baby without the parents consent.
38.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Clinical guidelines in administering medications before administering the a medication, identify
the client correctly using the appropriate means of identification, such as checking the
identification bracelet and/or asking clients to state their name
39.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Documentation of unusual occurrence, incidents, and accidents, and of the nursing
actions taken as a result of an occurrence, is internal to the institution or agency and
allows the nurse and administration to review the quality of care and determine any
potential risks present.
40.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Defamation takes place when something untrue is said (slander) or written (libel)
about a person resulting in injury to that persons good name and reputation. Ootion
C occurs when aperson puts another person in fear of harmful or offensive contract.
Negligence involves the actions of professionals that fall below the standard of care
for a specific professional group.
41.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Administrative law deals with protection of the rights of citizens. The Nurse Practice Act is an
example of this is the law that defines and regulates nursing practice. It determines the scope of
practice for licensed practical nurses and registered nurses and differentiates the practice of
nursing from the practice of medicine.
42.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Reasonable person or a prudent person would or would not perform in a similar circumstance.
43.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

50
A patient who is violent, and is removing the IV line and medical monitoring, can legally be
restrained to prevent injury. Nevertheless, an order for restraint must be secured from the
health care provider within 24 hours.
44.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The prudent and reasonable nurse would report the co-worker to the nursing administration so
as to stop the alleged abuse of chemicals. The nurse abusing chemicals may not deliver proper
and safe nursing care, which will be detrimental to the patients.
45.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Too many aberrations that are unofficial in the chart leads to confusion therefore it is not
acceptable in the court.
46.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The nurse should assess the clients insight and feelings towards abortion and its effects. With
this, the nurse can address therapeutically the dilemma of the patient and could enter the fact
that abortion is illegal, not acceptable, and is an immoral act.
47.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Malpractice is professional negligence. This means that the negligence occurred while the
person was performing as a professional. Six elements must all be present for a case of nursing
malpractice to be proven.
1. The client or plaintiff must demonstrate some type of harm or injury as a result of the breech
of duty
2. A link must exist between the nurses act and the injury suffered
3. The nurse must have/should have relationship with the client that involves providing care and
following an acceptable standard of care
4. If malpractice caused this injury, the nurse is held liable for damages that may be
compensated
5. It must be proved that the harm occurred as a direct result of the nurses failure to follow the
standard of care
6. Something was done that should not have been done or nothing was done when it should
have been done.
48.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
This situation is an example of False Imprisonment. It is the unjustifiable detention of a person
without a legal warrant to confine the person. Take for example, even though a nurse may
suggest under some circumstances that a patient remain in bed, the client must not be detained
against the will of the client.
49.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A legal term for the Latin, meaning the thing speaks for itself, this doctrine (Res Ipsa Loquitur)
states that harm may not be traced to a specific health care provider but it does not normally
occur unless there has been a negligent act. The term is used when the harm that resulted from
negligence and the responsibility for the harm are clear and so obvious that anyone would agree
on it. The plaintiff need not explain further to prove the defendants liability.
50.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A will is a legal declaration of ones intentions upon death. The nurses obligations in the
execution of the will is that the nurse should note the soundness of mind of the patient, that he

51
or she understood the act of making a will, and that there was freedom from fraud or undue
influence. The person making the will should also be above 18 years old.
51.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Subpeona serves ti direct a witness to appear and give testimoy on the date and time ordered by
the court. Subpoena duces tecum is incorrect because this requires a witness to bring necessary
documents that could clarify the matter in issue.
52.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Consent to medical or surgical procedures should be signed by the patient or his authorized
representative or legal guardian upon admission. This should be done prior to any medical or
surgical procedures. A minor or those below 18 years old, in unconscious, without sound mind or
imbecile, and a person accused are not legally allowed to sign the consent. An emancipated
minor can sign a consent because he or she is lives independently.
53.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
All confidential information that comes to the knowledge of the nurse in the care of her/his
patients is considered privileged communications. Hence, the nurse is not allowed to just reveal
the confidential information arbitrarily. The nurse may only be allowed to break the seal of
secrecy in certain conditions. One such condition is when the court orders the nurse to testify in
a criminal or medico-legal case.
54.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Do not resuscitate is a medical order, which is written, on the chart after the doctor has
consulted the family and this means that the members of the health team are not required to
give extraordinary measures but cannot withhold the basic needs like food, water, and air. It also
means that the nurse is still duty bound to give the basic nursing care to the terminally ill patient
and ensure that the spiritual needs of the patient is taken cared of.
55.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A neonatal care nurse would be an expert witness having been a nurse and been exposed to the
specialized unit will qualify her as an expert witness.
56.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Any person not related to the delivery of patient care is not allowed to see the chart of the client.
This is to promote confidentiality.
57.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
An example of fraud is false claiming of benefits. For instance, deliberately changing a
procedure classification to obtain greater reimbursement and separating procedures in order to
be paid for each of them.
58.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
When emergency life threatening procedures are needed to save the life of the patient, an
informed consent may not be required.
59.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Item 1 is not under the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor. If an irresistible force, one that is
unforeseen and inevitable caused the injury, this is the doctrine of Force Majeure. Three

52
conditions are required ti establish a defendants negligence without proving specific conducts.
This is about the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor. They are:
1. That the injury was caused by an agency within the control of the defendant.
2. That the plaintiff himself did not engage in any manner that would tend to bring about the
injury.
3. That the injury was of such nature that it would not normally occur unless there was a
negligent act on the part of someone.
60.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Reporting laws in each state require a professional to report incompetent practice, client abuse,
and professional impairment. Malpractice laws, jurisdiction laws, and civil court laws may vary
from state to state.
61.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Accessories are those who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime, either as the
principals or accomplices, take part subsequently to its commission by profiting themselves or
assisting the offender to profit from the effects of the crime by concealing or destroying the body
of the crime or the evidence.
62.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
One important duty of the nurse is to make sure that the equipments used in procedures and
treatments is not defective. The nurse should have checked first the functionality of the
instruments and objects that will be used for the clients. Because the client was harmed due to
the negligent action of the nurse, the nurse is considered liable along with the employer.
63.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Parental permission is necessary for subjects under 18 years of age. Option A is incorrect
because subjects under the age of 18 can participate, but they cannot render their own consent
unless they are legally declared emancipated minors. Option B is incorrect because consent is
always necessary. Option C is incorrect because subjects under the age of 18 cannot render their
own consent.
64.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
To maintain anonymity, no one must be able to trace the data of the participant. In option A, the
subjects right to determine the time and circumstances under which private information is
shared is called the right to privacy and dignity. In option B, confidentiality means that only the
researcher knows the identity of the participant. In option D, to maintain anonymity, even the
researcher does not know the identity of the participant.
65.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
This is a breach of right to protection from discomfort and harm. Option A refers to treating
participants fairly and giving them what they are owed or due. Option B refers to the right of the
participant to know about the study, its importance, the rights of participants, and risks and
benefits of participation. Option D refers to the right to choose whether or not to participate.
66.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
When subjects fear reprisal or withholding of benefits related to their decision to participate in
research, they are feeling coerced. Option A is an example of lack of confidentiality or
anonymity, not
coercion. Option B is an example of lack of informed consent, not coercion.
Option C is an example of lack of consent, not coercion.

53
67.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The ethical principle of fidelity is about keeping actual implicit promises. An example is keeping a
promise to return to the client at a given time. Sharing secrets to a client is ethically wrong for a
nurse. Doing whatever the physician or client wants you to do is not appropriate. The nurse can
decide for himself or herself based on his or her own values and virtues, as well as based on the
nursing standards. Saving the client money by not wasting supplies is an example of
beneficence.
68.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The Filipino Nurses Code of Ethics was adopted under the Republic Act 9173 and promulgated
by the Board of Nursing under Resolution No. 220 series of 2004 last July 14, 2004.
69.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
For negligence or malpractice to exist, the following elements must be present: duty, a break of
duty occurs, causation and injury.
70.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The ethical principle of veracity or truth telling is violated. To maximize the efficiency of health
care, the nurse and the other health care providers are bound to tell the truth. The nurse should
have not charted a normal temperature if the clients temperature is unchanged after providing
tepid sponge bath. The nurse should also continue in giving the bath.
71.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Maintaining the integrity of the nursing profession is about acting in accordance with an
appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Autonomy is allowing the patient
to make his or her decision about his treatment. Human dignity is what the nurse is protecting
that is why individualized and professional care should be provided. The principle of justice is
about the right to demand to be treated justly, fairly, and equally.
72.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The principles violated are veracity and non-maleficence. When the nurse steals the medicine
and substitutes a cheaper one, non-maleficence is violated. According to this ethical principle,
the nurse should do no harm and avoid inflicting harm to the client. Selling the stolen medicine
violates the principle of veracity or truth telling because the nurse who steals the medication did
not inform the patient buying the stolen drug that the drug is from another patient.
73.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
In number 4 of the Patients Bill of Rights it states: The patient has the right to have an advance
directive concerning treatment or designating a surrogate decision maker with the expectation
that the hospital will honor the intent of that directive.
74.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in civil law
systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter. The
person authorizing the other to act is the principal or granter (of the power), and the one
authorized to act is the agent or attorney-in-fact.
75.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

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A living will is one form of advance medical directive. Advance medical directives pertain to
treatment preferences and the designation of a surrogate decision-maker in the event that a
person should become unable to make medical decisions on their own behalf.
76.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The three ethical principles are respect for person, beneficence, and justice. Freedom, equity,
and equality are not included in the three ethical principles identified by the National
Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
77.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
All the information of a client should be held with confidentiality because the information is given
by the client based on trust to the health care team giving direct care. The patient and the
significant others are entitle to know facts within the limits determined by the physician. Other
clients and health care providers who do not give direct care to the client should not be given
the information regarding the clients condition.
78.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The standards of practice of a nurse state that scope and the activities that the nurse is allowed
to practice without the order of other superiors. However, the standars should be nursing
activities performed by the nurse are at an acceptable level.
79.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Nurses at all levels manage regardless of the size or nature of their work settings. They are
concerned with operational management, and nursing care management. Therefore, the nurse
must use critical thinking to decide appropriate nursing actions.
80.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Code of ethics is a set of ethical principles that are generally accepted by all members of a
profession. It states the groups expectations and standard of behavior.
81.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
This situation is a prime example of beneficence. Nurses are obligated to do good that is to
implement actions that will benefit others.
82.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The patients bill of rights includes the rights that the patient and his or her family are subject to
experience and be given privilege with during hospitalization. Some of the patients bill of rights
includes that the patient has the right
1. to send and receive mail
2. to be told the cost of services
3. to be given privacy when receiving care
4. to considerate and respectful care
5. to make decisions about the plan of care prior to and during the course of treatment
6. to have an advance directive
7. to convey consideration to his privacy
8. to inspect all communications and recording pertaining to his or her care
9. to consent or decline to participate to a proposed research
10.
to be informed of hospital policies and practices
83.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

55
In the International Council of Nurses Code for Nurses, it states that the nurse takes appropriate
action to safeguard the individual when a coworker or any other person endangers his case.
84.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Physical contact, such as touching the head, in some cultures is a sign of respect,
whereas in others, it is strictly forbidden. So asking permission before touching a
client demonstrates culturally sensitive care.
85.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The principle that is violated is the principle of veracity or telling the truth. Nonmaleficence is the
duty to do no harm. Autonomy is the right to make ones own decision. Justice is defined as
giving what is due.
86.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The nurse should incorporate on his or her practice the ethical principle of justice. Every patient,
without consideration to the social status, race, or creed, should be treated justly, fairly, and
equally. The nurse should give what is due care for every patient.
87.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
As an advocate, the nurse needs to understand the clients point of view and then be prepared
to verbalize that point of view to others involve in the clients care. Understanding the law,
seeking advice from a manager, and providing careful documentation are not examples of being
an advocate but they can all help.
88.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Fidelity means keeping the promises that are made. If the nurse offers to manage pain, then the
nurse needs to follow through and ensure that the pain is controlled. Respect for autonomy
refers to the commitment to include clients in decisions regarding all aspect of their care.
Beneficence means taking positive actions to help others. Nonmaleficence means doing no
harm.
89.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Euthanasia is direct killing of people who may not have committed any crime observing of death.
Mercy killing is not practiced in the Philippines, until now there have been unresolved arguments
since it will lessen the incentive of medical research. Euthanasia is becoming an ethical dilemma
because the actions in mercy killing should be weight for the advantages and disadvantages.
The choices are not clear to be right to end the suffering of the client, to be wrong, as killing is
an immoral conduct.
90.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
In teleology, the outcome of an action, not the action itself, is the criterion for measuring the
goodness of that action.
91.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Passive euthanasia is letting the person die but not giving client IV feedings. Active euthanasia is
doing something that kills a patient. Active suicide is when an individual make an effort to kill
himself/shooting or hanging himself.
92.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

56
This is not considered passive euthanasia but considered as active euthanasia. Passive
euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support or withholding life
sustaining therapy. On the other hand, Active euthanasia involves action to bring out death
directly. Passive euthanasia is the characteristic of the other choices.
93.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Morality refers to the social concensus about moral conduct for human beings and society.
Commitment to an individual value system becomes the basis for deciding whether an action is
right or wrong, good or evil, and proper or improper.
94.
ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The moralist theory aggrees with the moral principles and one of which is the moral principle of
double effect. Double effect is taken into account when a nurse is faced on a situation, which
may have both goo dand bad effects, however, the good consequences should outweigh bad
consequences.
95.
ANSWER: D.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The principle of beneficence pertains to maximizing the good for the best benefit of the client.
When a young father would like to prolong life despite no improvement, this means that the
remaining positive aspect is maximized for the benefit of his three sons. The other options
pertain to non-maleficence wherein the client is put on restraint to prevent harm, though pain is
inflicted because restraints elevates the agitation of the client, not giving tube feeding so as not
to aggravate the pain of the client, and giving narcotic to lessen pain though narcotic could
result to respiratory distress.
96.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Ethics is related to all the principles of right conduct and the distinction between right from
wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions.
97.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
The main objective of CEP is to provide and ensure the continuous education of the registered
professional with the latest trends in the profession brought about by modernization and
scientific and technological advancement
98.
ANSWER: B.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Advanced training refers to continuing education programs offered by professional organizations
representing various nursing specialties. In this situation, the nurse who is currently seeking
employment enrolls in a continuing education program (such as a Basic IV Therapy Course) in
order to improve not only their practice but also plan for wider horizons in their career in nursing.
In other words, it will be up to the individual nurse to decide, based on his/her competencies,
interests, career goals, and life circumstances, the kind of continuing education that is most
appropriate for him/her.
99.
ANSWER: A.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION
Augmenting the nurses educational preparation for admission for professional practice is the
purpose of advanced training. This is a part of the continuing education. The question is asking
for the objectives in general, not the specific purposes of each professional development activity.
The others are all the objectives of the Continuing Education Program. Its objectives are:
100.ANSWER: C.
CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

57
The PRC Modernization Act is also the same with Republic Act 8981. There is no RA 977, it should
have been RA 877 as the Philippine Nursing Law on June 19, 1953. RA 9173 is the Philippine
Nursing Act of 2002. Presidential Decree 223 created the Professional Regulation Commission
and prescribed its powers and functions.