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Introduction To R.T.P.P: 1.1 General

The document provides an introduction to the Rayalaseema Thermal Power Project (RTPP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the following key points: - RTPP has 4 units totaling 820MW of coal-based generation capacity added in two stages. The first two 210MW units started in 1994-1995. - The plant is located 8km from Muddunur railway station. It sources coal from Singareni Collieries and water from the Mylavaram reservoir. - The document then explains the Rankine, regenerative, and reheat steam cycles used in thermal power generation. Improving the efficiency of these cycles helps increase the plant's generation

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Sairam Kumar Chowdary
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238 views12 pages

Introduction To R.T.P.P: 1.1 General

The document provides an introduction to the Rayalaseema Thermal Power Project (RTPP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the following key points: - RTPP has 4 units totaling 820MW of coal-based generation capacity added in two stages. The first two 210MW units started in 1994-1995. - The plant is located 8km from Muddunur railway station. It sources coal from Singareni Collieries and water from the Mylavaram reservoir. - The document then explains the Rankine, regenerative, and reheat steam cycles used in thermal power generation. Improving the efficiency of these cycles helps increase the plant's generation

Uploaded by

Sairam Kumar Chowdary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO R.T.P.

P
1.1 General

Rayalaseema thermal power project (R.T.P.P),is one of the major generation


unit, developed

in A.P., to meet the growing demand for power, the project

envisaged the installation of 2210MW coal based thermal generation units under
stage I. The first 210MW unit for commercial operation was started on 25 Nov1994
and the second unit on 30 Mar 1995. The plant has another 2 210MW coal based
thermal generation units under stage II. In the stage 2, the third Unit was started on
24 Jan 2007 and the fourth unit is under construction.

1.2 Location
The R.T.P.P. project is located at a distance of 8km from Muddunur railway
station of south central railway on Chennai-Mumbai railway line. The site is selected
at an adequate distance from the residential areas and it has an area of 2600 Acers.
The water requirements for the project are met from Mylavaram reservoir across
river Penna, which is 23 KM away from the power plant.

1.3 Raw material


1.3.1Coal
The project gets its coal from singareni collieries by wagons. The
coal used in R.T.P.P. is bituminous coal. It is similar to lignite and
contains 50% less moisture than lignite. It also contains less ash than
lignite and it is used either in the form of pulverized or briquettes
state.

The coal from singareni is of inferior quality with ash average


content varying between 45%-50%. The uncrushed coal is stocked in
stockyard and crushed coal in separate yard.
1.3.2 Furnace oil and diesel oil
Light diesel oil is used for firing and heavy furnace oil is used for
flame support and stabilization.

Storage capacity

Heavy furnace oil: two tanks of 4150 kilo litre each.


Light diesel oil: two tanks of 800 kilo litre each.
1.3.3 Water
The water requirement of the project is met from Mylavaram
reservoir across Penna River situated at a distance of 23 KM. A gravity
pipeline is laid to draw 25 cusecs of water from the reservoir.

An approximately 60000 kilo litre of water is consumed for


different purpose in the plant.
1.4 Product
The plant has two units each of 210MW in stage generation,
10.08 MU per day or nearly 300MU per month.

Combustion Products
Pulverized coal after burning in furnace generates ash, out of
which 20% ash will be bottom ash and 80%will be fly ash. The
combustion product of furnace is let into the electro static precipitators
to entrap dust and gases emission is let into the atmosphere through
220mt chimney.

1.5 Operational Data


The project has faced some troubles during construction, testing
and

commissioning.

After

some

modification

and

alterations,

tremendous improvement in availability and plant load factor was


achieved during the last three years at R.T.P.P. The year wise
operations from 1995 onwards show the performance details of the
plant and are given in table below.

Year
1994-1995

Generation(MW)
1327.5041

P.L.F (%)
53.25

Achievements

1995-1996

2436.5355

66.2

1996-1997

2982.5728

81.07

1997-1998

3365.0559

91.46

1998-1999

3500.3542

94.88

Gold medal

1999-2000

3475.3821

94.46

Gold medal

2000-2001

3400.8030

92.43

Gold medal

2001-2002

3488.8235

94.83

All India first

2002-2003

3401.5830

92.20

All India first

2003-2004

3353.782

91.16

Gold medal

2004-2005

3095.562

84.45

2005-2006

3300.568

90.98

Chapter -2

WORKING
CYCLES

WORKING CYCLES

The fundamental forms of energy with which thermal stations are principally
concerned are heat and work. Heat produces work and this work is further
converted into electrical energy through a medium .i.e. electrical generator. For the
purpose of understanding of thermal plants, the phenomenon of thermodynamics
vapour power cycles is explained here under:
1

Rankine cycle

Regenerative cycle

Reheat cycle

2.1 Rankine cycle

Rankine cycle is theoretical cycle on which steam turbine (or engine) works.

Fig.2.1 Rankine cycle

Fig.2.2 T-S Diagram

Fig.2.3 P-V Diagram

It comprises of following process:


Process1-2: Reversible adiabatic or isentropic expansion in the turbine
Process2-3: Constant pressure condensation or heat rejection process
Process3-4: Isentropic pumping process in the feed pump.
Proces4-5: Constant pressure heat supplied in the boiler.

Effect of operating conditions on Rankine cycle efficiency

The Rankine cycle efficiency can be improved by increasing average


temperature at which heat is supplied, decreasing or reducing the temperature at
which heat is rejected.
This can be achieved by making suitable changes in the condition of steam
generation or condensation, as discussed below:
Increasing boiler pressure

By increasing the boiler pressure the cycle tends to raise and reach maximum
value at a boiler pressure about 166bar.

Super heating

If the steam is superheated before allowing it to expand, the Rankine cycle


efficiency may be increased. The use of superheated steam also ensures longer
turbine blade life because of the absence of erosion from high velocity water
particles that are suspended in wet vapour.

Reducing condenser pressure

The thermal efficiency of the cycle can be improved by reducing the


condenser pressure, especially in high vacuum. But the increase in efficiency is
obtained at the increased cost of condensation apparatus.
The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is improved by the following
methods.
1 By regenerative feed heating.

2. By reheating of steam.
3. By water extraction.
4. By using binary vapour.

2.2 REGENERATIVE CYCLE

In the Rankine cycle it is observed that the condensate, which is fairly at low
temperature, has an irreversible mixing with hot boiler water and this result in
decrease of cycle efficiency. Methods are therefore adopted to heat the feed water
from the hot well of condenser irreversibly by interchanging of heat with in the
system and thus improving the cycle efficiency. This heating method is called
regenerative feed heat and the cycle is called regenerative cycle.
The principle of regeneration can be practically utilized by extracting steam
from turbine at several locations and supply it to the regenerative heater.
The most advantageous condensate heating temperature is selected
depending on the throttle conditions and this determines the number of heaters to
be used.
Figure shows the layout of condensing steam power plant in which a surface
condenser is used to condense all the steam that is not extracted for feed water
heating. The turbine is double extracting and boiler is equipped with a super heater.

Fig.2.4 Regenerative cycle

T-S DIAGRAM
M1=mass of high pressure steam extracted for HP heater per kg of steam
flow
M2= mass of low pressure steam extracted for LP heater per kg of steam flow
1-M1-M2=mass of steam entering into the condenser per kg of steam flow.

2.2.1 Advantages of regenerative cycle

The heating process in the boiler tends to become reversible.


The thermal stresses set up in the boiler are minimized this is due to the
fact that temperature ranges in the boiler are reduced.
The thermal efficiency is improved because the average temperature of
heat addition to the cycle is increased.
Heat rate is reduced.
The blade height is less due to the reduced amount of steam passed
through the low pressure stages.
Due to many extractions there is an improvement in the turbine drainage
and it reduces erosion due to moisture.
A small size condenser is required.

2.3 REHEAT CYCLE

Reheat cycle

The efficiency of the ordinary Rankine cycle can be improved by increasing


the pressure and temperature of the steam entering into the turbine. As the initial
pressure increases, the expansion ratio in the turbine also increase and the steam
become quite wet at the end of expansion. This is not desirable because the
increased moisture content of steam causes corrosion of turbine blades and
increases losses. This reduces the efficiency.

In reheat cycle the steam is extracted from a suitable point in the turbine
and is reheated it with the help of flue gases in the boiler furnace. The main purpose
of reheating to increase the dryness fraction of steam passing through the lower
stages of the turbine. The increase in thermal efficiency due to reheat depends
upon the ratio of reheat pressure to the original pressure of steam.
The main advantage of the reheat cycle is to reduce the specific steam
consumption and consequently reduces the size of the boiler and auxiliaries for the
same output.

Fig.2.7.T-S Diagram

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