GY28-6638-2 Fortran G PLM Dec72

File No.
5360-25 (OS)
Order No. GY28-6638-2
Program Logic
IBM System/3S0 Operating System
FORTRAN IV (G) Compiler

Program Logic Manual
Program Number 360S-FO-S20
This publication describes the internal logic of the

FORTRAN IV (G) compiler.
Program Logic Manuals are intended for use by IBM
customer engineers involved in program maintenance, and
by systems programmers involved in altering the program
design.
Program logic information is not necessary for
program operation and use; therefore, distribution of
this manual is limited to persons with program maintenance or modification responsibilities.
The FORTRAN IV (G) compiler is a.processing program
of the IBM System/360 Operating System. It translates
one or more source modules written in the FORTRAN
language into an object module that can be processed
into an executable load module by the linkage editor.
Restricted Distribution
This
publication
provides
customer
engineers and other technical personnel
with information describing the internal
organization and operation of the FORTRAN
IV (G) compiler.
It is part of an inte~
grated library of IBM system/360 Operating
System Program Logic Manuals. Other publications required for an understanding of
the FORTRAN IV (G) compiler are:
concepts and
Facilitie~,
Form C28-6535
Supervisor and Data Management

Instructions, Form C28-6647
Linkage Editor,
Form Y28-6610
Program
Macro-
Logic Manual,
System Generation, Form C28-6554

This
publication
sections:
consists
of
two
Principles of Operation, Form A22-6821
Introduction to Control Program Logic,

LQgic Manual, Form Y28-6605
~QgLam
Any reference to a Programmer's Guide

in this publication applies to FORTRAN
Iy-!~_~~d HL_Programmer's Guide,
Form
C28-6811. The FORTRAN IV (G) Programmer's Guide, Form C28-6639, (to which
references may exist in this publication)
has been replaced by the combined G and H Programmer's Guide.
Although not required, the following
publications are related to this publication and should be consulted:
IBM System/360 Operation system:
Section
1
is an introduction that
describes the FORTRAN IV (G) compiler as a
whole, including its relationship to the
operating" system. The major components of
the compiler and relationships among them
are also described in this section.
Section 2 consists of a discussion of
compiler operation. Each component of the
compiler is described in sufficient detail
to enable the reader to understand its
operation, and to provide a frame
of
reference for the comments and coding supplied in the program listing. Common data
such as tables, blocks, and work areas is
discussed only to the extent required to
understand the logic of each component.
Flowcharts are included at the end of this
section.
Following Section 2, are appendixes that
contain reference material.
If
more
detailed
information
is
required, the reader should see the comments, remarks, and coding in the FORTRAN
IV (G) program listing.
Third Edition (December 1972)

This is a reprint of GY28-6638-l incorporating changes in Technical
Newsletters GY28-6826, dated November 15, 1968 (Release 17),
GY28-6829, dated July 23, 1969 (Release 18), and GY28-6847, dated
January 15, 1971 (Release 20).
Changes are periodically made to the specifications herein; any
such changes will be reported in subsequent revisions or Technical
Newsletters.
Requests for copies 0f IBM publications should be made to your IBM
representative or tn the IBM branch office serving your locality.
Address corrunents concerning the contents of this publication to
IBM Corporation, Prograrruning Publications, 1271 Avenue of the Americas,
New York, New York 10020.
~
Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1968, 1970
CONTENTS
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPILER

Purpose of the Compiler
Machine Configuration
Compiler and System/360 Operating
system
compiler Design
Limitations of the Compiler
compiler Implementation.
POP Language
Compiler Organization

Control Phase: Invocation (IEYFORT)
Phase 1: Parse (IEYPAR)
Phase 2; Allocate (IEYALL)

Phase 3: Unify (IEYUNF)
Phase 4: Gen (IEYGEN)
Phase 5: Exit (IEYEXT)
Roll (IEYROL)
Compiler Storage Configuration
Compiler Output
Object Module
Components of the Object Module
Object Module General Register
Usage
Source Module Listing

object Module Listing

Storage Maps

Error Messages
Common Error Messages

Compiler Data Structures
Rolls ~nd Roll Controls
ROLL ADR Table
BASE, BOTTOM, and TOP Tables
Special Rolls
Central Items, Groups, and Group

Stats

Other Variables
Answer Box
Multiple Precision Arithmetic
Scan Control

Flags
Quotes
Messages
Compiler Arrangement and General
Register Usage
Pointers
Drivers
Operation Drivers ~
Control Drivers
....
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
15
15
11
11
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
23
24
24
26
26
26
26
21
21
21
28
29
30
30
31
SECTION 2: COMPILER OPERATION

33
Invocation Phase (IEYFORT)
33
IEYFORT, Chart 00
33
I EYPRNT, Chart 00A4
33
PRNTHEAD, Chart 01A2
34
IEYREAD, Chart 01A4
34
IEYPCH, Chart 02A3
34
PRNTMSG, Chart 03A1
34
IEYMOR, Chart 0101
34
I EYNOCR
34
IEYRETN, Chart 03A2
35
OPTSCAN, Chart AA
35
DDNAMES, Chart AB
35
HEADOPT, Chart AC
TIMEDAT, Chart AD
Output from IEYFORT
Phase 1 of the Compiler: Parse (IEYPAR)

Flow of Phase 1, Chart 04
PRINT and READ SOURCE, Chart BA
STA
LBL FIELD XLATE, Chart BC
STA XLATE, Chart BD
STA FINAL, Chart BE
ACTIVE END STA XLATE, Chart BF
PROCESS POLISH, Chart BG

Output f rom Phase 1
t.
35
35
35
36
31
31
")0
.JO
38
38
39
39
39
39
Polish Notation

Source Listing
Phase 2 of the Compiler: Allocate
(IEYALL)
ALPHA LBL AND L SPROGS, Chart CA

ALPHA SCALAR ARRAY AND SPROG,
Chart CA

PREP EQUIV AND PRINT ER~ORS, Chart
CB
BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION, Chart

CC

PREP DMY DIM AND PRINT ERRORS,

Chart CD
PROCESS DO LOOPS, Chart CE
PROCESS LBL AND LOCAL SPROGS,

Chart CF '
BUILD PROGRAM ESD, Chart CG
ENTRY. NAME ALLOCATION, Chart CH

COMMON ALLOCATION AND OUTPUT,
Chart CI

EQUIV ALLOCATION PRINT ERRORS,

Chart CK
BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOC, Chart

CL
SCALAR ALLOCATE, Chart CM

ARRAY ALLOCATE, Chart CN
PASS 1 GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE,
Chart CO
SPROG ARG ALLOCATION, Chart CP ~

PREP NAMELIST, Chart CQ
LITERAL CONST ALLOCATION, Chart CR
FORMAT ALLOCATION, Chart CS
EQUIV ~~P, Chart CT

GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE, Chart CU
BUILD NAMELIST TABLE, Chart cv
BUILD ADDITIONAL BASES, Chart cw .
DEBUG ALLOCATE, Char~ CX

Output From Phase 2
Error Messages Produced by Allocate
Unclosed DO Loops

Storage Maps Produced by Allocate
Subprogram List
Cards Produced by Allocate
Phase 3 of the Compiler: Unify (IEYUNF)
ARRAY REF ROLL ALLOTMENT, Chart DA
CONVERT TO ADR CONST, Chart DB
CONVERT TO INST FORMAT, Chart DC
39
42
44
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
41
41
41
41
41
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
DO NEST UNIFY, Chart DD

IEYQOL t',o-j1lle

Phase 4 of the Compiler: Gen
(IEYGEN)
ENTRY CODE GEN, Chart EA
PROLOGUE GEN, Chart EB
EPI LOGlJE GEN, Chart EC
GET POLISH, Chart ED
LbL PROCESS, Chart EF
STA GEN, Chart EG
STA GEN FINISH, Chart EH
Phase 5 of the Compiler: Exit (IEYEXT)
PUNCH TEMP AND CONST ROLL, Chart FA
PUNCH ADR CONST ROLL, Chart FB
PUNCH CODE ROLL, Chart FC
PUNCH BASE ROLL, Chart FD
PUNCH BRANCH ROLL, Chart FE
PUNCH SPROG ARG ROLL, Chart FF
PUNCH GLOBAL SPROG ROLL, Chart FG
PUNCH U~F,n LIBRARY ROLL, Chart FH
PUNCH ADCON ROLL, Chart FI
ORDEP AND PUNCH RLD ROLL, Chart FJ
PUNCH END CARD, Chart FK
PUNCH NAMELIST MPY DATA, Chart FL
Output From Phase 5
53
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
APPENDIX A: THE POP LANGUAGE.

.121
POP Instructions.
.121
Translilissive Instructions 121
Arithmetic and Logical Instructions .130
Decision Making Instructions.
.131
Jump Instructions
.133
Roll Control Instructions
133
Code Pro~ucing Instructions
134
Address Computation Instructions
.134
Indirect Ad~ressing Instruction 135
Labels.

.135
Global Labels
.135
Local Labels.
136
Assembly and Operation.
.136
POP Interpreter
136
Assembler Language References to POP
Subroutines
131
Global Jump Instructions.
.131
Local Jump Instructions
.138
APPENDIX
RollO:
Rolli:
Roll 2:
Roll 2:
Roll 3:
Roll 4:
Roll 4:
Roll 5:
Poll 7:
Roll 8:
Roll
9:
Roll 10:
Roll 11:
Roll 12:
Roll 13:
Roll 13:
Roll 14:
Roll 15:
Roll 15:
B: ROLLS USED IN THE COMPILER

LIB Roll
~
SOURCE Roll
IND VAR Roll

NONSTD SCRIPT Roll
NEST SCRIPT Roll
POLISH Roll
LOOP SCRIPT Roll

LITERAL CONST Roll
GLOBAL SPROG Roll
FX CONST Roll
FL CONST Roll

DP CONST Roll
COMPLEX CONST Roll
DP COMPLEX CONST Roll
TEMP NAME Rcll

STD SCRIPT Roll
TEMP Roll
DO LOOPS OPEN Roll
LOOPS OPEN Roll
.140
.140
.140
.141
.141
.141
.141
142
.142
142
143
143
.143
.143
143
.143
.144
.144
.144
.144
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
Roll
16:
16:
11:
17:
18:
18:
19:
ERROR MESSAGE Roll

TEMP AND CONST Roll.
ERROR CHAR Roll
ADCON Roll

INIT Roll.
DATA SAVE Roll
EQUIVALENCE TEMP (EQUIV
TEMP)
.144
.144
.145
.145
.145
.145
.145
20: EQUIVALENCE HOLD (EQUIV HOLD)

. 145
20: REG Roll
.146
21: BASE TABLE Roll .146
22: ARRAY Roll
.146
23: DMY DIMENSION Roll
.141
23: SPROG ARG Roll
.141
24: ENTRY NA~S Roll
.147
25: GLOBAL DMY Roll.
.148
26: ERROR Roll
.148
26: ERROR LBL Roll
.148
21: LOCAL DMY Roll 148
28: LOCAL SPROG Roll
.149
29: EXPLICIT Roll.
.149
30: CALL LBL Roll.
.149
30: ERROR SYMBOL Roll
.149
31: NAMELIST NAMES Roll.
.149
32: NAMELIST ITEMS Roll.
.150
33: ARRAY DIMENSION Roll
.150
34: BRANCH TABLE Roll 150
35: TEMP DATA NAME Roll 150
36: TEMP POLISH Roll 151
36: FX AC Roll
.151
37: EQUIVALENCE Roll
.151
31: BYTE SCALAR Roll
.151
38: USED LIB FUNCTION Roll
.152
39: COMMON DATA Roll
.152
39: HALF WORD SCALAR Roll.
.152
40: COMMON NAME Roll
.152
40: TEMP PNTR Roll
.153
41: IMPLICIT Roll.
.153
42: EQUIVALENCE OFFSET Roll
153
42: FL AC Roll
153
43: LBL Roll
153
44: SCALAR Roll

.154
44: HEX CONST Roll
.154
45: DATA VAR Roll.
154
46: LITERAL TEMP (TEMP LITERAL)
. . . . . .155
41: COMMON DATA TEMP Roll.
.155
47: FULL WORD SCALAR Roll 155
48: COMMON AREA Roll 155
48~ NAMELIST ALLOCATION Roll
.155
49: COMMON NAME TEMP Roll.
.156
50: EQUIV ALLOCATION Roll.
.156
51: RLD Roll
.156
52: COMMON ALLOCATION Roll
.156
52: LOOP CONTROL Roll 156
53: FORMAT Roll 157
54: SCRIPT Roll 151
55: LOOP DATA Roll 151
56: PROGRAM SCRIPT Roll
.158
56: ARRAY PLEX Roll.
.158
57: ARRAY REF Roll
.159
58: ADR CONST Roll
.159
59: AT Roll.
.159
60: SUBCHK Roll.
.160
60: NAMELIST MPY DATA Roll
.160
62: GENERAL ALLOCATION Roll.
.160
62: CODE Roll 160
Roll 60: NAMELIST MPY DATA Roll

Roll 62: GENERAL ALLOCATION Roll
Roll 62: CODE Roll
Roll 63: AFTER POLISH Roll.
Work and Exit Rolls
WORK Roll
EXIT Roll
.160
.160
.160
.161
.161
.161
.161
APPENDIX C: POLISH NOTATION FORMATS 163

General Form
.163
Labeled Statements
.163
Array References
.163
ENTRY Statement
164
ASSIGN Statement.
.164
Assigned GO TO Statement.
.164
Logical IF Statement.
.164
RETURN Statement.
164
Arithmetic and Logical Assignment
Statement
.164
Unconditional GO TO Statement
.165
Comruted GO TO Statement.
.165
Arithmetic IF Statement
.165
DO Statement.
.165
CONTINUE Statement.
.166
PAUSE and STOP Statements
.166
END Statement
.166
BLOCK DATA Statf'ment
166
DATA St~tempnt and DATA in Explicit
Specification Statements.
.166
I/O List
.167
Input S~atements
.167
FORMATTED READ .
.167
NAMELIST READ
1tJ~
UNFORMATTED READ
.l6R
READ Standard Unit
16R
Output ~tatements
168
FORMATTED WRITE
.1bA
NAMELIST WRITE
169
UNFORMATTED WRITE
169
PRINT
1b q
PUNCH
.lb9
Direct Acces~; ?,t~t(>ments
16 q
READ, Direct Access
.169
WRITE, Direct Access
.170
FIND . . .
.170
DEFINE FILE
170
END FI LE ~;tatement
.170
REWIND ~)tatpment
.] 71
BACKSPACE Statement
171
Statement Function
171
FUNCTION statement
171
Function (Statement or Suhprogram)
171
Referencp
Subroutine Statement
.171
.172
CALL Statement
Debug Facility Statements .172
AT
172
TRACE ON
172
TRACE OFF
172
DISPLA Y
173
APPENDIX D: OBJECT CODE PRODUCED BY

THE COMPILER

Branches

Computed GO TO Statement
DO Statement
Statement Functions
Subroutine and Function Subprograms
175
.175
.175
.175
.176
.176
Input/Output Operations ~ ~ ~177

Formatted Read and Write Statements .177
Second List Item, Formatted 177
Second List Array, Formatted 178
Final List Entry, Formatted 178
Unformatted Read and Write Statements 178
Second List Item, Unformatted 178
Second List Array. Unformatted 178
Final List Entry, Unformatted 178
Backspace, Rewind, and Write Tapemark 178
STOP and PAUSE Statements 179
NAMELIST READ and WRITE
179
DEFINE FILE Statement
179
FIND Statement.

.119
Direct Access qEAD and WRITE
Statements
.179
FORMAT Statements
.180
FORMAT Beginning and Ending
Parentheses
.180
Slashes
.180
Internal Parentheses
.180
Repetition of IndiYidual FORMAT
specifications
.180
I,F,E, and D FORMAT COdes
.180
A FORMAT code
.180
Literal Data .180
X FORMAT Code
.181
T FORMAT Code
.181
Scale Factor-P
.181
G FORMAT code
.181
L FORMAT Co<if-'
.181
Z FORMAT code ~ .181
Dphuq Facility
.181
DEH{IG :~tat prnent
.181
BPg inn i nq of Input/Output '
.181
End of Input /out[,ut
181
IJNI'I' Opt ion
.181
TRACE opt ion
.182
~1)BTRACE Opt inn
.182
......
....
~
~IT
Or)t i c,n
opt ion
~;URCHK
AT ~jtatf>lTI('nt
TRACE ON !;t d tf'rnent .
TRACE OFF :;tdtf>mpnt
DISPLAY [;t at ement
APPENDIX E: ML;CF.LLAtJF.OOS REFERENCE
DATA
Parsp Lahel I.i st
Supplementd! y Parsp Lahel List
Allocate Label List
Supplementary Allocate Label List
Unify Label List
Supplementary lJni t y Label List.
Gen Label List
supplempntary (;pn Label List
Exit Label List
Supplementary Exit Label List
APPENDIX F: OBJECT-'lIME LIBRARY
SUBPROGRAM~

Library Functions
Composition of the Library
system Generation options
Module Summaries
Library Interrelationships
Initialization
Input/Output operations

10')
.183
.183
183
.183
.183
.LV,,"
.185
.185
.185
.193
193
.196
.196
.198
.198
.208
.208
.212
.212
.212
.212
.213
.214
215
.216
Define File .218

Sequential Read/WriLe Without Format .218
Initial Call
.218
Second Call
.219
Additional List Item Cnlls
.219
Final Call
.219
System Block Modification and
Reference
219
Error Conditions 220
Sequential READ/WRITE With Format 221
Processing the Format Spe~ification 221
Direct Access READ/WRITE Without
Format 224
Initialization Branch 224
Successive Entries for List Items .225
Final Branch 225
Error Conditions 226
uirect Access READ/WRITE With Format .226
FIND.
226
READ And WRITE Using NAMELIST 226
Read.

.226
Write
.221
Error Conditions.
.221
Stop and Pause (Write-to-Operator) 221
Stop.

.221
Pause

.221
Backspace
.221
Rewind
228
End-File.
228
Error Handling.
.228
compiler-Directed Errors: IHCIBERH 228

Program Interrupts.
.229
Action for Interrupts 9, 11, 12,
13, and 15
229
Action for Interrupt 6
.229
Library-Detected Errors
230
Without Extended Error Handling 230
Wi th Extended Error Handling '. 231
.231
Abnormal Termination Processing
Codes 4 and 12 231
Codes 0 and 8 231
Extended Error Handling Facility 232
option Table--IHCUOPT 232
Altering the Option Table--IHCFOPT .232
Error Monitor--IHCERRM
.233
Extended Error Handling
Trackback--IHCETRCH
.233
conversion
.234
Mathematical and Service Routines
.234
Mathematical Routines . 234
service Subroutines
.234
IHCFDVCH (Entry Name DVCHX)
.234
IHCFOVER (Entry Name OVERFL)
.235
IHCFSLIT (Entry Names SLITE,
SLITET)
.235
IHCFEXIT ~Entry Name EXIT)
.235
IHCFDUMP (Entry Names DUMP and
PDUMP)

.235
IHCDBUG
.236
Termination
.239
GLOSSARY
INDEX
259
.263
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Overall Operation of

the Compiler
Figure 2. Compiler Organization
Chart
Figure 3. Compiler Storage
Configuration
Figure 4. Compiler Output
Figure 5. Object Module
Configuration ~
Figure 6.
Example of Use of Sav~
Area
Figure 7.
Roll Containing K
Bytes of Information
Fig\lre 8.
Roll Containing L
Bytps of Reserved Information and
K Bytes of New Information
Figure 9.
Roll With a Group Bize
of Twelve
Figure 10.
Roll with Variable
Group Size
Figure 11. First Group Stats

Table . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 12. Second Group Stats
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 13. Scan Control Variables
11
14
15
16
11
18
23
24
2~
2~
26
26
27
Figure 14. Quotes Used in the

Co~piler
. . . . . . . . . . .
27
Figure 15. COjnpiler Arrangement
with Registers
28
Figure 16. Calling Paths for
Library Rout':nes . . . . . .
. 215
Figure 17. Control Flow for
Input/output Operations. . .
. 217
Figure 18. IHCUATBL: The Data
Set Assignment . . . . . . . . . . 239
Figure 19. DSRN Default Value
Field of IHCUATBLEntry . . . . . 240
Figure 20. Format of a Unit Block
for a Sequential Access Data Set . 240
Figure 21. Format of a. Unit Block
for a Direct Access Data Set
242
Figure 22. General Form of the
Option Table (IHCUOPT)
. . . . 242.'
Figure 23. Preface of the Option
Table (IHCUOPT) . . . . . . 242.2
Figure 24. Composition of an
Option Table Entry . . .
242.2
Figure 25. Original Values of
Option Table Entries
. 242.3
TABLES
Table 1. Internal Configuration

of Operation Drivers 31
Table 2.
Internal Configuration
of" Control Drivers (Part 1 of 2).
32
~dble
3. Rolls Used by Parse 36
raule 4. Rolls Used by Allocate
44
T~ble
5. Rolls Used by Unify
~2
Table 6. Rolls Used by Gen
~3
rable 7. Rolls Used by Exit
55
Table 8. POP Instruction
Cross-Reference List.
.139
Table 9. Routines Affected by

Extended Error Handling Option
212
Table 10. Format Code Translation.
and Their Meanings . .
222
Table 11. IHCFCVTH Subroll:tine
Directory.. . . . . . . . . . . 234
Table 12. IHCDBUG Transfer Table. 236
Table 13. DCB Default Values
240
Table 14. IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
Transfer and Subroutin~ Table . 242.3
CHARTS
Chart 00.
IEYFORT (Part 1 of 4)
Chart 01.
Chart 02.
Chart 03.
Chart M. OPTSCAN..
Chart AB.
DDNAMES..
Chart AC.
HEADOPT
Chart AD.
TIMEDAT
Chart 04.1.
PHASE 1 - PARSE (Part
1 of 2)
Chart 04.2.
2 of 2)
Chart BA.
WRITE LISTING AND READ
SOURCE
Chart BB.
INITIALIZE FOR
PROCESSING STATEMENT
Chart BC1.
PROCESS LABEL FIELD
(Part 1 of 2)
Chart BC2.
PROCESS LABEL FIELD
(Part 2 of 2)
Chart BD.
PROCESS STATEMENT
Chart BE.
COMPLETE STATEMENT AND
MOVE POLISH

Chdrt BF.
PROCESS END STATEMENT
Chart BG.
PROCESS POLISH
Chart 05.
PHASE 2 - ALLOCATE
(Part 1 of 2)
Chart 06.
PHASE 2 - ALLOCATE
(Part 2 of 2)
Chart CA.
MOVE BLD NAMES TO DATA
VAR ROLL
Chart CB.
PREPARE EQUIVALENCE DATA
Chart CC.
ALLOCATE BLOCK DATA
Chart CD.
PREPROCESS DUMMY
DIMENSIONS
Chart CEo
CHECK FOR UNCLOSED DO
LOOPS
Chart CF.
CONSTRUCT BRANCH TABLE
ROLL
Chart CG.
ALLOCATE HEADING AND
PUNCH ESD CARDS
Chart CH.
CHECK ASSIGNMENT OF
FUNCTION VALUE

Chart CI.
COMMON ALLOCATION

Chart CK.
EQUIVALENCE DATA
ALLOCATION
Chart CL.
SAVE AREA, BASE AND
BRANCH TABLE ALLOCATION
Chart CM.
ALLOCATE SCALARS

Chart CN.
ALLOCATE ARRAYS
Chart CO.
ADD BASES FOR
SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES
Chart CP.
ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM
ARGUMENT LISTS
Chart CQ.
PREPARE NAMELIST TABLES
Chart CR.
ALLOCATE LITERAL
CONSTANTS
Chart CS. ALLOCATE FORMATS
Chart CT. MAP EQUIVALENCE
Chart CU.
ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM
ADDRESSES
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
6e
68
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Chart CV.
BUILD AND PUNCH
NAMELIST TABLES
97
Chart CWo
BUILD BASES
98
Chart CX.
DEBUG ALLOCATE
99
Chart 07.
PHASE 3 - UNIFY.
.100
Chart DA.
BUILD ARRAY REF ROLL 101
Chart DB.
MAKE ADDRESS CONSTANTS .102
Chart DC.
CONSTRUCT INSTRUCTIONS .103
Chart DO.
PROCESS NESTED LOOPS
.104
Chart 08.
PHASE 4 - GEN 105
Chart EA.
GENERATE ENTRY CODE 106
Chart EB.
PROLOGUE CODE GENERATION 107
Chart EC.
EPILOGUE CODE GENERATION 108
Chart ED.
MOVE POLISH NOTATION 109
Chart EF.
PROCESS LABELS
110
Chart EG.
GENERATE STMT CODE
.111
Chart EH.
COMPLETE OBJECT CODE 112
Chart 09.
PHASE 5 - IEYEXT
113
Chart FA.
PUNCH CONSTANTS AND
TEMP STORAGE .114
Chart FB.
PUNCH ADR CONST'ROLL .115
Chart FC.
PUNCH OBJECT COD.E .116
Chart FD.
PUNCH BASE TABLE
.111
Chart FE.
PUNCH BRANCH TABLE 118
Chart FF.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM
ARGUMENT LISTS
.119
Chart FG.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM
ADDRESSES

.120
Chart FH.
COMPLETE ADDRESSES FROM
LIBRARY 121
Chart Fl.
PUNCH ADDRESS CONSTANTS .122
Chart FJ.
PUNCH RLD CARDS 123
Chart FK.
PUNCH END CARDS 124
Chart FL.
PUNCH NAMELIST TABLE
POINTERS.
125
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 1 of 4)
243
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 2 of 4)
. 243.1
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 3 of 4)
243.2
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 4 of 4)
243.3
Chart Gl.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
(Part 1 of 2)
244
Chart Gl.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
(Part 2 of 2)
244.1
Chart G2.' IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 1 of 5)
245
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 2 of 5)
245.1
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 3 of 5)
245.2
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 4 of 5)
245.3
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 5 of 5)
246
Chart G3.
IHCNAMEL 247
Chart G4.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
(Part 1 of 3)
248
Chart G4.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
(Part 2 of 3)
248.1
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Overall Operation of

the Compiler
Figure 2. Compiler Organization
Chart
Figure 3. Compiler Storage
Configuration
Figure 4. Compiler Output
Figure 5. Object Module

Configuration

Figure 6.
Example of Use of Sav~
Area

Fiqure 7.
Roll Containing K
Bytes of Information
Figllre 8. Roll Containing L

Bytps of Reserved Information and
K Bytes of New Information
Figure 9.
Roll With a Group Rize
of Twelve
Figure 10.
Roll with Variable
Group Size
Figure 11. First Group Stats

Table . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 12. Second Group Stats
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 13. Scan Control Variables
11
14
15
16
17
lR
23
24
2~
2~
26
26
27
Figure 14.
Quotes Used in the

. . . . . . . . . .
27
Figure 15.. Co,npiler Arrangement
with Registers
28
Figure 16. Calling Paths for
Library Rout~nes . . . . . .
215
Figure 17. Control Flow for
Input/output Operations. . . .
217
Figure 18. IHCUATBL: The Data
Set Assignment . . . . . . . . . 239
Figure 19. DSRN Default Value
Field of IHCUATBLEntry . . . . . 240
Figure 20. Format of a Unit Block
for a Sequential Access Data Set . 240
Figure 21. Format of a. Unit Block
for a Direct Access Data Set . . . 242
Figure 22. General Form of the
Option Table (IHCUOPT)
. 242.'
Figure 23. Preface of the'Option
Table (IHCUOPT) . . . . . . . . 242.2
Figure 24. Composition of an
Option Table Entry . . . .
242.2
Figure 25. Original Values of
Option Table Entries
. 242.3
Co~piler
TABLES

of Ope~ation Drivers 31
o~ control Drivers (Part 1 of 2) 32
~dble
3. Rolls Used by Parse 36
fable 4.
Rolls Used by Allocate 44
T~ble
5. Rolls U~ed by Unify
~2
Table 6. Rolls Used by Gen
~3
rable 7. Rolls Used by Exit
~5
Table 8. POP Instruction
Cross-Reference List 139
Table 9. Routines Affected by

Extended Error Handling Option
212
Table 10. Format Code Translations
and Their Meanings . . . 222
Table 11. IHCFCVTH Subroll:tine
Directory.. . . . . . . . . 234
Table 12. IHCDBUG Transfer Table. 236
Table 13. DCB Default Values
240
Table 14. IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
Transfer and Subroutin~ Table . 242.3
CHARTS
Chart 00.
Chart 01.
Chart 02.
Chart 03.
IEYFORT ( Pa rt 4 of 4)
Chart AA.
OPTSCAN

Chart AB.
DDNAMES..
Chart AC.
HEADOPT

Chart AD.
TIMEDAT......
Chart 04.1.
1 of 2)
Chart 04.2.
2 of 2)
Chart BA. WRITE LISTING AND READ

SOURCE
Chart BB.
INITIALIZE FOR
PROCESSING STATEMENT
Chart BC1.
PROCESS LABEL FIELD
(Part 1 of 2)
Chart BC2.
PROCESS LABEL FIELD
(Part 2 of 2)
Chart BD.
PROCESS STATEMENT
Chart BE.
COMPLETE STATEMENT AND
MOVE POLISH

Chdrt BF.
Chart BG.
PROCESS POLISH

Chart 05.
PHASE 2 - ALLOCATE
(Part 1 of 2)
Chart 06.
PHASE 2 - ALLOCATE
(Part 2 of 2)
Chart CA. MOVE BLD NAMES TO DATA

VAR ROLL
Chart CB.
Chart CC.
ALLOCATE BLOCK DATA
Chart CD.
PREPROCESS DUMMY
DIMENSIONS

Chart CEo CHECK FOR UNCLOSED DO
LOOPS

Chart CF. CONSTRUCT BRANCH TABLE
ROLL
Chart CG.
ALLOCATE HEADING AND
PUNCH ESD CARDS
Chart CH. CHECK ASSIGNMENT OF
FUNCTION VALUE
Chart CI. COMMON ALLOCATION
Chart CK.
EQUIVALENCE DATA
ALLOCATION
Chart CL.
SAVE AREA, BASE AND
BRANCH TABLE ALLOCATION
Chart CM. ALLOCATE SCALARS
Chart CN.
ALLOCATE ARRAYS
Chart CO. ADD BASES FOR
SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES
Chart CP. ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM
ARGUMENT LISTS
Chart CQ.
Chart CR.
ALLOCATE LITERAL
CONSTANTS
Chart CS. ALLOCATE FORMATS
Chart CT. MAP EQUIVALENCE

Chart CU.
ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM
ADDRESSES
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
68
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Chart CV.
BUILD AND PUNCH
NAMELIST TABLES
97
Chart CWo
BUILD BASES
98
Chart CX.
DEBUG ALLOCATE
99
Chart 07.
PHASE 3 - UNIFY.
.100
Chart DA.
BUILD ARRAY REF ROLL 101
Chart DB.
MAKE ADDRESS CONSTANTS .102
Chart DC.
CONSTRUCT INSTRUCTIONS .103
Chart DO.
.104
Chart 08.
PHASE 4 - GEN 105
Chart EA. GENERATE ENTRY CODE 106
Chart EB.
PROLOGUE CODE GENERATION 107
Chart EC.
EPILOGUE CODE GENERATION 108
Chart ED.
MOVE POLISH NOTATION 109
Chart EF.
PROCESS LABELS
110
Chart EG. GENERATE STMT CODE
.111
Chart EH.
COMPLETE OBJECT CODE 112
Chart 09.
PHASE 5 - IEYEXT
113
Chart FA.
PUNCH CONSTANTS AND
TEMP STORAGE .114
Chart FB. PUNCH ADR CONST"ROLL .115
Chart FC.
PUNCH OBJECT CODE .116
Chart FD.
PUNCH BASE TABLE
.117
Chart FE.
PUNCH BRANCH TABLE
.118
Chart FF.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM
ARGUMENT LISTS
.119
Chart FG.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM
ADDRESSES

.120
Chart FH. COMPLETE ADDRESSES FROM
LIBRARY 121
Chart Fl.
PUNCH ADDRESS CONSTANTS .122
Chart FJ.
PUNCH RLD CARDS 123
Chart FK.
PUNCH END CARDS 124
Chart FL.
PUNCH NAMELIST TABLE
POINTERS.
125
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 1 of 4)
243
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 2 of 4)
243.1
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 3 of 4)
243.2
Chart GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
(Part 4 of 4)
243.3
Chart G1.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
(Part 1 of 2)
244
Chart G1.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
(Part 2 of 2)
244.1
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 1 of 5) 245
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 2 of 5)
245.1
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 3 of 5)
245.2
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 4 of 5)
245.3
Chart G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(Part 5 of 5)
246
Chart G3.
IHCNAMEL........ 247
Chart G4.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
(Part 1 of 3)
248
Chart G4.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
(Part 2 of 3)
248.1
. . . . ..

Chart G4. IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH

(Part 3 of 3)
Chart G5. IHCADJST
Chart Go. IHCIBERH
Chart G1. IHCSTAE (Part 1 of
Chart G1. IHCSTAE (Part 2 of
Chart G8. IHCERRM (Part 1 of
Chart G8. IHCERRM (Part 2 of
Chart G9. IHCFOPT (Part t of
Chart G9. IHCFOPT (Part 2 of
248.2
249
2)
2)
2)
2)
3)
3)
~"A
.::;)U
251
252
253
.254
.255
.256
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
G9.
G1O.
Gil.
G12.
G13.
G14.
GiS
G16.
G16.
G16.
G16.
257
258
258.1
258.2
.258.3
.258.4
.258.5
IHCFOPT (Part 3 of
IHCTRCH/IHCERTCH
IHCFOUMi?
IHCt'EXIT
IHCFSLIT
IHCFOVER
IHCFOVCH
IHCOBUG (Part 1 of
IHCOBUG (Part 2 of
IHCOBUG (Part 3 of
IHCOBUG (Part 4 of
3)
4)
4)
4)
4)
258.6
258.7
.258.8
258.9
This section contains general information describing the purpose of the FORTRAN
IV (G) compiler, the minimum machine configuration required, the relationship of the
compiler to the operating system, compiler
design and implementation, and compiler
output.
The various rolls,1 variables,
registers, pointers, and drivers used by
the compiler are also discussed.
PURPOSE OF THE COMPILER

The IBM System/360 Operating
System
FORTRAN IV (G) compiler is designed to
accept programs written in the FORTRAN IV
language as defined in the publication ~
System/360:
FORTRAN IV Language,
Form
C28-6515.
The compiler produces error messages for
invalid
statements, and, optionally, a
listing of the source module, storage maps,
and an object module acceptable to the
System/360 Cperating System linkage editor.
Operating System. As a processing program,

the compiler communicates with the control
program for input/O"ltput and other services. A general des~ription of the control program is gi~en in the publication
IBM System/360 operat.t!!g System: Introduction to Con~rol Program LOgic, Program
Logic Manual.
A compilation, or a batch of compilations, is requested using the job statement
(JOBi, the execute statement (EXEC), and
data definition statements (DO). Alternatively, cataloged procedures may be used.
A discussion of FORTRAN IV compilation and
the available cataloged procedures is given
in the publication !~~L.~~~~oper~ing
System: FQRTRAN IV (G) Proqraromer's Guide.
The compiler receives control initially
from the calling program. (e.g., job scheduler or another program that CALLs, LINKs
to, or ATTACHes the compiler). Once the
compiler receives control, it uses the QSAM
access method for all of its input/output
operations.
After compilation is completed, control is returned to the calling
program.
MACHINE CONFIGURATION
COMPILER DESIGN
The
minimum
system
configuration
required for the use of the IBM System/360
Operating System with the FORTRAN IV (G)
compiler is as follows:
IBM System/360 Model 40 computer
with a storage capacity of 128K bytes
and a standard
and
floating-point
instruction set.
An
A device for operator communication,

such as an IBM 1052 Keyboard Printer.
At least one direct-access device
vided for system residence.
The compiler will operate within a total

of 80K bytes of main storage. This figure
includes space for the compiler code, data
management access routines, and sufficient
working space to
meet
other
storage
requirements
stated
throughout
this
publication.
Any additional storage available is used
as additional roll storage.
pro-
COMPILER AND SYSTEM/360 OPERATING SYSTEM

The FORTRAN IV (G) compiler is a processing
program
of
the IBM System/360
1M08t of the tables used by the compiler
are called rolls. (Further explanation of
rolls
is
given
in -Rolls and Roll
Controls.-)
LIMITATIONS QF THE COMPILER

The System/360 Operating System FORTRAN
IV (G) compiler and the object module it
produces can be executed on all System/360
models from Model uo and above, under
control of the operating system control
program.
All input information must be
written in either BCD ~r EBCDIC representation. The compiler is designed to process
all properly written programs so that the
object code produced by the compiler is
compatible with the existing mathematical
library subroutines.
Section 1:
Introduction to the compiler
If ten source read errors occur during

the compilation, or if it is not possible
to use SYSPRINT, the operation of the
compiler is terminated. The operation of
the compiler is also limited by the availability of main storage space. The compilation is terminated if:
The compiler is also designed so that

reloading of the compiler is unnecessary in
order to accomplish multiple compilations.
The roll storage area is exceeded

Any single roll exceeds 64K
thereby making it una1dressable
The WORK or EXIT
allocated storage
roll
bytes,
exceeds
its
Note: If any of these conditions occur

during the first phase of the compilation,
the statement currently being processed may
be discarded; in this case, the compilation
continues with the next statement.
The primary control and processing routines (hereafter referred to as "POP routines" or "compiler routines") of the compiler are primarily written in machineindependent pseudo instructions called POP
instructions.
Interpretation of the pseudo instructions is accomplished by routines written
in the System/360 Operating System assembler language.
These routines (hereafter
referred to as "POP subroutines") are an
integral part of the" compiler and perform
the operations specified by the POP
instructions, e.g., saving of backup informa-"
tion, maintaining data indicators, and general housekeeping.
Control of the compiler operation is
greatly affected by source language syntax
rules during the first phase of the compiler, Parse. During this phase, identifiers
and explicit declarations encountered in
parsing are placed in tables and a PO!!2h
notation form of the program is produced.
(Por further information on Polish notation, see Appendix C,
"Polish Notation
Formats.")
10
The compiler quite frequently uses the

method of recursion in parsing, analysis,
and optimization. All optimizing and code
generating routines, which appear in later
phases, operate directly on the tables and
Polish notation produced by Parse.
POP LANGUAGE
The FORTRAN IV (G) compiler is written
in a combination of two languages:
the
System/360 Operating System assembler language, which is used where it is most
efficient, and the POP language.
The POP language is a mnemonic macro
programming language whose
instructions
include functions that are frequently performed by a compiler. POP instructions are
written for assembly by the System/360
Operating System assembler, with the POP
instructions defined as macros.
Each POP
instruction is assembled as a pair of
address constants which together indicate
an instruction code and an operand. A
statement or instruction written in the POP
language is called a POP. The POP instructions are described in Appendix A.
COMPILER ORGANIZATION
The System/360 Operating System FORTRAN
IV (G) compiler is composed of a control
phase, Invocation, and five
processing
phases (see Figure 1): Parse, Allocate,
Unify, Gen, and Exit. The operating system
names for these phases are,
respectively,
IEYFORT, IEYPAR, IEYALL, IEYUNF, IEYGEN,
and IEYEXT.
(The first level control and
second level processing compiler routines
used in each phase are shown in Figure 2.)
In addition, Move is a pre-assembled work
area, IEYROL.
IEYFORT
SYSIN----------->r---~~~;~;----l----->f---~~~t;ol---l----->r--i~;~~;ti~~-l-----> ~
I
Module
l~~~
__________ J
(9
.I
Program
L_____________ J
,Phase
r-------------,
I IEYPAR
V
~============_J
r--->ISource Module I
I_____________
listing
1I
L
JI
r-------------,
I
P~r~e
t-----------i
I (Phase 1)
I
I
l------T-----I
r-------------,
I
L--->ISource Module,
SYSPRINT
V IEYALL
Allocate
I
,r-------------,
SYSPRINT
IL_____________
diagnostics JI
(Phase 2)
r-------------,
Maps JI
Ir--->IStorage
L_____________
~-----------~
L------T------J
,
I IEYUNF
V
r-------------,
L--->IESD and TXT

,Cards
l _____________ JI
SYSPRINT
SYSPUNCH/SYSLIN
r-------------,
Unify
I
(Phase 3)
L------T------J
I
IEYGEN
r-------------,I
I Gen
,
(Phdse 4)
l------T-----I
I
J
r-------------,
r--->IObject Module I
I
L
I_____________
listing
JI
V IEYEXT
I
r-------------,
I
IObject Module I
r-------------,
cards
I
I Exit
(Phase 5)
I~-----------+--->ITXT
I
L_____________
J
l------T------
II
V IEYFORT
I
IESD, RLD, andl
L--->IEND
cards
L_____________
JI
j-------------l
SYSPRINT
SYSPUNCH/SYSLIN
SYSPUNCH/SYSLIN
r-- -----------,
I
I
Invocation I
Phase
I
l __ ... ___ ~------J
. * *.
*
. ~ul tiple*.
NO
r--------:------,
Compi lations --------------> I Control
I
.
.
I Program
I
*.
L__ ~----------J
YES
Figure
1.
Overall Operation of the compiler
Section 1:
Introduction to the Compiler
11
control Phase:
Invocation (IEYFORT)
The Invocation phase (IEYFORT) is loaded

upon invocation of the compiler and remains
in core storage throughout compilation.
It
is entered initially from the calling program,
from each module at the end of its
processing, and from Exit after compilation
is complete.
At the initial entry, the Invocation
phase initializes bits in IEYFORT1 from the
options specified by the programmer for the
compilation, opens data sets, and fetches
the modules IEYPAR, IEYALL, IEYUNF, IEYGEN,
and IEYEXT via a series of LOAD macro
instructions. These modules remain in core
storage for a series of main program and
subprogram compilations unless it is determined that additional space required for
tables is not available. When this occurs,
modules that precede the active one are
deleted, and compilation is resumed.
If
more space is required, modules that follow
the currently active one are deleted.
When a module completes processing, it
returns to IEYFORT, which ensures the presence of the next module and transfers to
it. During initialization for a subprogram,
IEYFORT ensures that all modules are
loaded.
The last entry is made from the Exit
phase at the completion of a compilation.
When the entry is made from Exit, the
Invocation phase checks for multiple compilations.
If
another
compilation
is
required, the compiler is reinitialized and.
the main storage space allocated for the
expansion of rolls is assigned to the next
compilation; otherwise, .control is returned
to the calling program.
Phase 1:
The Unify phase optimizes the usage of

general
registers
within DO loops by
operating on roll data whiGh describes
array references. The optimization applies
to references which include subscripts of
the form ax+b, where a and b are positive
constants and x is an active induction
variable (that is, x is a DO-controlled
variable and the reference occurs within
the DO loop controlling it), and where the
array does not have any adjustable dimensions.
The addressing portion of
the
object tnstruction for each such array
reference is constructed to m1n1m1ze the
number of registers used for the reference
and the number of registers which must be
changed as each induction variable changes.
Phase AI:
Gen (IEYGEN)
Gen uses the Polish notation produced by

Parse and the memory allocation information
produced by Allocate. From this information, Gen produces the code, prologues, and
epilogues required for the object module.
In order to produce the object code, Gen
resolves
labeled
statement
references
(i.e., a branch target label) and subprogram entry references.
Allocate (IEYALL)
Allocate, which operates

immediately
after Parse, uses the roll entries produced
12
The ESD cards for the object module

itself, COMMON blocks and subprograms, and
TXT cards for NAMELIST tables, literal
constants and FORMAT statements are produced by Allocate on the SYSPUNCH and/or
SYSLIN
data sets.
Error messages for
COMMON and EQUIVALENCE statements, unclosed
DO loops and undefined labels are produced
on SYSPRINT; on the MAP option, maps of
data storage are also produced.
Parse (IEYPAR)
Parse accepts FORTRAN statements in card

format from SYSIN and scans these to produce error messages on the SYSPRINT data
set, a source module listing (optional),
and Polish notation for the program. The
Polish notation is maintained on internal
tables for use by subsequent phases.
In
addition, Parse produces the roll entries
defining the symbols used in the source
module.
Phase 2:
by Parse to perform the storage allocation

for the variables defined in the source
module.
The addressing information thus
produced is then left in main storage to be
used by the next phase.
The final output from Gen is a complete

form of the machine language code which is
internally maintained for writing by the
Exit phase.
Phase 5:
Exit (IEYEXT)
Exit, which is the last processing phase

of the compiler. produces the TXT cards for
the remaining portion of the object module,
the RLD cards (which contain the relocatable information), and the END card.
This
output is placed optionally on the SYSLIN
data set for linkage editor processing
and/or SYSPUNCH if a card deck has been
requested. Additionally, a listing of the
generated code may be written on the SYS-
PRINT data set in a forlMt similar to

produced by an assembly program.
that
Roll contains static rolls and roll

information always required for compiler
operations.
These are described under the
heading =Roils and Roil controls later in
this section.
Section 1:
Introduction to the campi,ler
13
r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,
r--- PRINT AND READ SOURCE
I
I
I
I
STA INIT
LBL FIELD XLATE
! PARSE---~
I
STA XLATE
1-I
I
STA FINAL
1
I
I REGISTER IBCOM
I
I
I
PROCESS POLl SH
1
L---STATEMENT PROCESS----.
ACTIVE END STA Y~TE
I
L---STA FINAL END
r---START COMPILER
1
1
r---PREP EQUIV AND PRINT ERRORS

BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION
PREP DMY DIN AND PRINT ERRORS
PROCESS DO LOOPS
PROCESS LBL AND LOCAL SPROGS
BUILD PROGRAM ESD
ENTRY NAME ALLOCATION
COMMON ALLOCATION AND OUTPUT
BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOC
EQUIV ALLOCATION PRINT ERRORS
FORMAT AI.UX'ATION
SCALAR ALLOCATE
ARRAY ALLOCATE
ALLOCATE-----START ALLOCATE-------~
PASS 1 GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE
SPROG ARG ~LLOCATION
PREP NAMELIS'T
LITERAL CONST ALLOCATION
EQUIV MAP
GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE
BUILD NAMF.LIST TABLE
ALPHA LBL AND L SPROG
BUILD ADDITIONAL BASES
ALPHA SCALAR ARRAY AND SPROG
CALCULATE BASE AND DISP
---DEBUG ALLOCATE
r---ARRAY REF ROLL ALLOTMENT
DO NEST UNIFY
J
CONVERT TO ADR CONST
L---CONVERT TO INST FORMAT
UNIFY--------ST~T UNIFY----------~
r---START GEN
,
I
r---MOVE ZEROS TO T AND C

ENTRY CODE GEN
PROLOGUE GEN
L---EPILOGUE GEN
I
I
GEN-----,
r---GET POLISH
LBL PROCESS
1
STA GEN
L---STA GEN FINISH
r---PUNCH TEMP AND CONST ROLL
1
PUNCH ADR CONST ROLL
1
PUNCH CODE ROLL
I
PUNCH BASE ROLL
I
PUNCH BRANCH ROLL
I
PUNCH SPROG ARG ROLL
EXIT---------EXIT PASS------------t
PUNCH GLOBAL SPROG ROLL
I
PUNCH USED LIBRARY ROLL
I
PUNCH ADCON ROLL
I
ORDER AND PUNCH RLD ROLL
I
PUNCH END CARD
I
PRINT HEADING
I
PRINT A LINE
- - ____________________________ . _J
IL- ______________________________________________________
L---PRINT COMPILER STA~ISTICS
L---GEN
Figure
2.
PROCESS----------~
compiler Organization Chart
r-------T----------T------------------,I
I Load
I
I
IModule I
IContent or
I Name
I Components I Function
I
I
~-------+----------+------------------i
Low IEYFORTjIEYFORT
jlnvocation and
Core
control
IIEYFORT1
'Option bits
I .
IIEYFORT2
COMPILER STORAGE CONFIGURATION

Figure
tions, but
component
they exist
parts of
tion 2.
3 illustrates the relative posinot the relative sizes of the

parts of the FORTRAN compiler as
in main storage. The component
each phase are described in Sec-
I~oads
IIEYROL
and deletes
other modules
Roll statistics
(bases, tops,
bottoms)
Group statistics
(displacement
group sizes)
WORK roll
EXIT roll
COMPILER OUTPUT
The source module(s)
to be compiled
appear as input to the compiler on the
SYSIN data set. The SYSLIN, SYSPRINT, and
SYSPUNCH data sets are used (depending on
the options specified by the user) to
contain the output of the compilation.
IRoIl address table
IEYINT
IPOP Jump Table
I
IPOP machine
I language subI routines
Roll Storage is Allocated from this
The output of the compiler is represented in EBCDIC form and consists of any
or all of the following:
Object Module (linkage editor input)
Source Module listing
Object Module listing
IEYPAR
IEYPAR
IParse phase
I EYALL
IEYALL
IEYUNF
IEYUNF
IEYGEN
IEYGEN
IQuotes and
messages
Storage maps
1Allocate phase
Error messages (always produced)
I
I
JUnify phase
IGenerate phase
High
I
CorelIEYEXT
IEYEXT
IExit
phase
L_______ __________
_________________
_
~
Figure
3.
Compiler Storage Configuration
Relocatable card images for punchi,g

The overall data flow and the data sets
used for compilation are illustrated in
Figure 4. The type of output is determined
by compile time parameters.
Section 1:
15
r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,
r----------------,
I
Error and
I
r----For all-------------->I
I
compilations
I
Warning
I SYSPRINT
Messages
I
Il ________________
(if any)
JI
,,
r----------------,
Object
I
I
I
I
Option---------->I
~----LIST
SYSIN
r--------,
,source ,
'Module
l----T---J
,
I
I SYSPRINT
JI
Il ________________
listing
I
I
r----------------,
'Object Module
I
~----DECK
,
Option---------->I (ESD, TXT, RLD I SYSPUNCH

l ________________
lEND)
Card Images JI
I
,
I
Module
I
I
I
r---------, ,
I FORTRAN ,
'IV (G)
r----------------,
IObject Module
I
~->~
'Compiler'
l ________ J
,,
~----LOAD
Option---------->I (ESO, TXT, RLD, I SYSLIN

llEND)
________________
Card Images,J
,,
,
~----MAP
I,
r----------------,
Storage
,
Option----------->I
Il ________________
Map
J,
SYSPRINT
,I
I
r----------------,
I
Source
,
L----SOURCE Option-------->I
Module
, SYSPRINT
lI ________________
J,
Listing
l _____________________________________________________________________________________ __
Figure
16
4.
Compiler Output
OBJECT MODULE
The configuration of the object module
produced by the FORTRAN IV (G) compiler is
shown in Figure 5.
Entry point--->
r---------------------,I
of the object module.

Among oth~:r fUnctions,
these
instructions set general
register 13 (see "Object Module General
Register usage") and perform var~ons operations, depending on whether the proqram is
a main program or a subprogram and on
whether it calls subprograms.
(See "Code
Producc..d for
SUBROUTINE
dnd
FUNCTION
Subprograms.")
IHe~ding
.---------------------~
'Save area
!.
~---------------------i
I
IBase table
.---------------------~
IBranch table
I
~---------------------i
13ubprogram
argument ,
I
~---------------------i
ISubprogram addresses I
t---------------------~
IEQUIVALENCE variables I
Ilists
t---------------------iI
.---------------------i
I Arrays
t
SAVE AREA:
The save area. at maximum 12
bytes long, is reserved for information
saved by called subprograms.
Figure 6
shows an example of the use of this area in
program Y, which is called by program X,
and which calls program Z.
The first byte of the fifth word in the
save area (Save Area of Y + 16) is set to
all ones by program Z before it returns to
program Y. Before the return is made,
all
general registers are restored to their
program Y values.
IScalar variables
~---------------------i
I
.---------------------~I
ILiteral .constants
INAMELIST tables
I (except those used

lin DATA and PAUSE
I statements)
I
I
.---------------------~I
IFORMAT statements
.---------------------i
ITemporary storage
I
land constants
.---------------------i
IProgram text
I
L _____________________ J
Figure
5.
BASE TA~LE: The base table is a list of

adJresses from which th~ object module
loads a general register prior to accessing
data; the general register is then used as
a base in the data referencing instruction.
Object Module Configuration
components of the Object Module

The following paragraphs describe the
components of the object module produced by
the FORTRAN IV (G) compiler.
HEADING:
The
object
module
heading
InClUdes
all
initializing instructions
required prior to the execution of the body
Because an interval of 4096 bytes of

storage can be referenced by means of the
machine instruction D field, consecutive
values representing a single control section in this table differ from each other
by at least 4096 bytes.
Only one base
table entry is constructed for an array
which exceeds 4096 bytes in length; hence,
there isa possibility that an interval of
more than 4096 bytes exists between consecutive values for a single control section
in the table.
The addresses compiled into this table
are all relative, and are modified by the
linkage editor prior to object
module
execution.
Those entries constructed for
references to COMMON are modified by the
beginning address of the appropriate COMMON
block;
those
entries
constructed for
references to variables. and
constants
within the object module itself are modified by the beginning address of the appropriate object module.
Section 1:
11
.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,
<--- bytes---->
r----------------,
I Subprogram
I <---Stored by initial entry code.
~
Save Area of Ylepilogue addressl

~----------------~
+U IProgram X save
I <---Stored by
larea address
I
pro~rdm
y.
t----------------~
+8 IProgram Z save I <---Stored by program Z, if it calls subroutines

larea address
I
.----------------~
+12
t~~~~~~~~-~~-----~ ,
+16 IRegister 1~
I
.----------------~
+20 IRgister 0
I
.----------------~
!
I
I
Values on leaving program Y. stored by program
z.
I
I
I
.----------------~
+12 lIRegister
12
I
___ ._____________ J
l ______________________________________________________ - ________________
Figure
b.
Examplp of Use of
Sav~
Area
BRAN~TABLE:
This table contains one

full word entry for each Q~anch ta~~~!~~!
(a label referred to in a branch statement)
and
statement
function in the source
module.
In addition, one entry occurs for
each label produced by the compiler in
generating the object module. These labels
refer to return points in DO loops and to
the statement following com~lete Logical IF
st.atements, and are called ~de 12..Qel~.
In the object module code, any branch is
performed by loading general register 14
(see "Object
Module
General
Register
Usage")
from this table, and using a BCR
instruction. The values placed in this
table by the compiler are relative addresses.
Each value 1S modified by the
base address of the obiect module by the
linkage editor.
SUBPROGRAM ARGUMENT LISTS: This portion of

the object module contains the addresses of
the arguments for all subprograms called.
In calling a subprogram, the object module
uses general register 1 to transmit a
location in this table.
The subprogram
then acquires the addresses of its arguments from that location and from as many
subsequent locations as there are argument.s.
The sign bit of the word containing
the address of the last argument for each
subprogram is set to one.
18
~---------------J
SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES: This list contains

one--entry--for-each FUNCTION or SUB~OUTINE
subprogram referenced by the object module.
The entry will hold the address of that
subprogram when it is supplied by the
linkage editor.
The compiler reserves the
correct amoun~ of space for the list, based
on the nun~er of subprograms referred to by
the source module.
EQUIVALENCE VARIABLES:
This area of the
obiect
module
contains
unsubscripted
variables and arrays, listed in EQUIVALENCE
sets which do not refer to COMMON.
~~ALA~ ___ ~~!~~~~~:
All non-subscripted
variables which are not in COMMON and are
not members of EQUIVALENCE sets appear in
this area of the Object module.
ARRAYS:
All arrays which are not
in
COMMON,
and are not members of EQUIVALENCE
sets appear in this area of the object
module.
NAMELIST TABLES:
For each NAMELIST name
and DISPLAtstatement in the source module,
a NAMELIST table is constructed hy the
compiler and placed in this area of the
object module.
Each table consists of one
entry for each scalar variable or array
listed following the NAMELIST name or in
the DISPLAY statement, and begins with four
words of the following form:
---------T-------------------------------,I
I
By tel
I Word
I
~--------
-------------------------------iI
I
1
I
name field
I
I
2
I
I
~-------------------------------~
I
I
3
I
I
I
I
not used
I
IL_________
4
I _______________________________ JI
~
where the name field contains the NAMELIST

name,
right justified.
For the DISPLAY
statement, the name is DBGnn#, where nn is
the nunlber of the DISPLAY statement t"i t.hin
the source program or s~bprcgra~.
Table entries for scalar variables
the following form:
~--------
1
2
3
4
I
-------------------------------~
I
1
I
I
I
I
name field
I
I
2
I
I
I
~-------------------------------~
I
3
I
address field
I
I
~-----~-------T----------------~
IL _________
4
I _____
type I _______
mode I ________________
not usei
JI
~~
t------------------------------------~~-i
1
I
'
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~-------------------------------~
I
ltype
I
I
address field
~-------T-------T-------T-------~
I
I
name 'field
I
I
I
1mode
I no.
Idimensllength I
~-------+-------~-------~-------i
lindica-Ifirst dimension factor I
have
---------T-------------------------------,
By tel
I
I
I W~rd
---------T-------------------------------,I
I
Byte I
I word
I
I tor
'I field
I
~-------~-----------------------~
Inot
jsecond dimension factorj
lused
Ifield
I
~-------+-----------------------i
Inot
Ithird dimension factor I
Il _______
used
I _______________________
field
I
~
I
I
I
etc.
etc~
l _________________________________________
JI
where:
name field
contains the name of
justified.
th~
arr3Y,
right
address field
contains the relative address of the
beginning of the array within the
object module.
where:
name field
contains the name of the scalar variable, right justified.
address field
contains the relative address of the
variable within the object module.
type ~ield
contains zero
variable.
to
mode field
contains the mode
coded as fOlloWS:
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
indicate
mode field
cont~ins
the mode of the array elements, coded as for scalar variables,
above.
no.
dimens.
contains the number of dimensions in
the array; this value may be 1-7~
a scalar
length field
contains the length of the array
ment in bytes.
of
the
ele-
variable,
Logical, 1 byte
Logical, fullword
Integer, halfword
Integer, fullword
Real, double precision
Real, single precision
complex, double precision
Complex, single precision
Literal (not currently
compiler-generated)
NAMELIST table entries for arrays have

the following form:
indicator field
is set to zero if the array has been
defined to have variable dimensions;
otherwise, it is set to nonzero.
first dimension factor field
contains the total size of the array
in bytes.
second dimension factor field
contains the address of the second
multiplier for the array (nl*L, where
n1 is the size of the first dimension
in elements, and L is the number of
bytes per element).
Section 1:
Introduction t.o the Co.mpiler
19
third dimension factor field

contains the address of the third
multiplier for the array (nl*n2*L,
where nl is the size of the first
dimension in elements, n2 is the size
of the second dimension, and L is the
number of bytes per element).
A final entry for each N~~ELIST table is
after the last variable or array name
to signify the end of that particular list.
This entry is a fullword in length and
contains all zeros.
adde~
LITERAL CONSTANTS: This area contains a

Iist--of--the-literal constants usej in the
source m01ule, except for those specified
in DATA and PAUSE statements.
F'ORt1AT STATEMENTS:
The FORMAT statements
specified-in-the--source module are contained in tllis area of the object module.
The statements are in an encoded form in
the order of their appearance in the source
module.
(See "Appendix D: Code Produced
by the Compiler.") The information contains
all specifications of the statement but not
the word FORr1AT.
TEMPORARY STORAGE AND CONSTANTS: This area
always begins on a double precision boundary and contains,
in no specific order,
the constants required by the object module
code and the space for the storage of
temporary results during computations.
Not
all of the source module constants necessarily appear in this area, since as many
constants as possible are used as immediate
data in the code produced. Some constants
may appear which are not present in the
source module, but which have been produced
by the compiler.
~RO~~~ __ ~~~~:
If Lhe object module contains statement functions,
the code for
these statements begins the program text
and is preceded by an instruction that
branches around them to the first executable statement of
the
program.
(See
"Statement Functions" in Appendix D for
further explanation of this code.) Following the code for the statement functions is
the code for the executable statements of
the source module.
The
object
module produced by the
FORTRAN IV (G) compiler uses the System/360
general registers in the following way:
Register 0:
Register 2:
Used as an accumulator.
Register 3:
Registers 4 through 7: Contain index

values as requirej for references to
array variables, where the SUbscripts
are linear functions of DO variables and
the array does
not
have
variable
dimensions.
Registers 8 and 9: Contain injex values
as required for references to array
variables, where the subscripts are of
the form x+c,
where x is a non DGcontrolled variable and c is a constant.
Register 9: Contains index values as
required
for
references
to
array
variables where the subscripts are ~on
linear of the form I*J, wnere I and J
are the variaoles.
Registers 10 through 12:
Contain ba~e
addresses loaded from the base table.
Register 13:
Contains the beginning
address of the Object module save area;
this value is loaded at the beginning of
program execution.
Register 13 is also
used for access to the base table, since
the base table follows the save area in
main storage.
Register
14:
Contains
the return
address for subprograms and holds the
address of branch target instructions
during
the
execution
of
branch
instructions.
Register 15:
Contains the entry point
address for subprograms as they are
called by the object module.
SOURCE MODULE LISTING

The optional source module listing is a
symbolic, listing of the source module; it
contains indications of errors encountered
in the program during compilation.
The
error message resulting from an erroneous
statement does not necessarily cause termination of compiler processing nor tne
discarding of the statement.
Recognizable
portions
of declaration statements are
retained, and diagnosis always proceeds
until the end of the program.
OBJECT MODULE LISTING
Register 1: Used as an accumulator and

to hold the beginning address of the
argument list in branches
to
subprograms.
20
The optional object module listing uses

the standard System/360 Operating System
assembler mnemonic operation codes and,

where possible, refers to the symbolic
variable names contained in the source
module. Labels used in the source module
are indicated at the appropriate places in
the object code listinq.
STORAGE MAPS
The optional storage map consists of six
independent listings of storage information. Each listing specifies the names and
locations of a particular class of variable. The listings are:
The WORK roll exceeds the fixed storage

space assigned to it.
The EXIT roll exceeds the fixed storage
space assigned to it.
Any other roll, with the exception of
the AFTER POLISH roll and the CODE
roll, exceeds 64K bytes of storage.
In
this case, the capacity of the ADDRESS
field of a pointer to the roll is
exceeded and. therefore, the information on the roll is unaddressable. The
AFTER POLISH and
CODE
rolls
are
excepted, since pointers to these rolls
are not required.
The compilation terminates following the
printing of either of these messages.
COMMON variables
EQUIVALENCE variables
Scalar variables
Array variables
NAMELIST tables
FORMAT statements
A list of the subprograms called is also
produced.
ERROR MESSAGES
COMPILER DATA STRUCTURES

The POP language is designed to manipulate certain well-defined data structures.
Rolls, which are the tables primarily
used by the compiler, are automatically
handled by the POP instructions; that is,
when information is moved to and from
rolls, controls indicating the status of
the rolls are automatically updated.
Items (variables) with fixed structures
are used to maintain control values for
rolls, to hold input characters being processed, and to record Polish notation, etc.
These item structures are also handled
automatically by the POP instructions.
Errors are indicated by listing the

statement in its original form with the
erroneous phrases or characters undermarked
The arrangement of the parts of the
by the dollar sign charact~r, followed by
compiler is significant because of the
comments indicating the type of the error.
This method is described in more detail in. extensive use of relative addressing in the
-Phase 1 of the Compiler: Parse (IEYPAR).- . compiler. General registers are us~d to
hold base addresses, to control some rolls,
and to assist in the interpretation of the
Common Error Messages
POP instructions.
The message NO CORE AVAILABLE is produced (through IEYFORT) by all phases of
the compiler when the program being compiled exhausts the main storage
space
available to the compiler. This message is
produced only when the PRESS MEMORY routine
cannot provide unused main storage space on
request from the compiler.
The message ROLL SIZE EXCEEDED is produced (through
the
Invocation
phase,
IEYFORT) by all phases of the compiler when
the size of any single roll or rolls is
greater than per.itted. The following circumstances cause this
message
to
be
produced:
ROLLS AND ROLL CONTROLS

Most of the tables employed by the
compiler are called rolls. This term describes a table which at any point in time
occupies
only
as much storage as is
required for the maximum amount of information it has held during the present compi~
lation (exceptions LO this rule are noted
later). Another distinctive feature of a
roll is that it is used so that the last
information placed on it is the first
information retrieved
it uses a push
up' logic.
Section 1:
21
With the exception of the WORK and EXIT

rolls,
the rolls of the compiler are maintained in an area called the roll storage
~rea.
The rolls in this area are both
~i~~d and numbered.
While the references
to rolls in this document and in the
compiler comments are primarily by name,
the names are converte1 to corresponding
numbers at assembly time and the rolls are
arranged in storage an~ referred to by
n1lrrber.
If the roll storage area is considered
to be one block of continuous storage, the
rolls are placed in this area in ascending
sequence by roll number; that is, roll 0
begins at the base address of the roll
storage a rea;
rolls 1, 2, 3, etc.. follow
roll zero in sequence, with the roll whose
number is largest terminating the roll
storage area.
Initially, all rolls except roll 0 are
pmpty and occupy no space; this is accomplished by having the beginning and end of
all rolls locaterl at t.he same place.
(Roll
0,
the LIB roll,
is a fixed-length roll
which contains all of its data initially.)
Ahen information is to be placed on a roll
and no space is available due to a conflict
with the next roll, rolls greater in number
than the roll in question are moved down
(to higher addresses)
to make the space
available. This is accomplished by physically moving the information on the rolls a
fixed number of storage locations and altering the controls to indicate the change.
Thus,
roll 0 never changes in size, location, or contents: all other rolls expand
to higher addresses as required.
When
information is removed from a roll,
the
space which had been occupied by that
information is left vacant; therefore,
it
is not necessary to move rolls for each
addition of information.
With the exception of the area occupied
by rollO, the roll storage area actually
consists of any number of non-contiguous
blocks of 4096 bytes of storage. The space
required for roll 0 is not part of one of
these blocks. Additional blocks of storage
are acquired by the compiler whenever current roll storage is exceeded.
If the
system is unable to fulfill a request for
roll storage,
the PRESS MEMORY routine is
entered to find roll space that is no
longer in use.
If 32 or more bytes are
found, the compilation continues.
If fewer
than 12 bytes are found, the compilation of
the current program is terminated,
the
message NO CORE AVAILABLE is printed, and
space is freed.
If there are multiple
programs, the next one is compiled.
controls and statistics maintained by the
compiler in order to control the storage
22
allocation for rolls and the functioning of

the "push up" logic.
ROLL ADR Table

The ROLL ADR table is a 1000-byte, table
maintained in IEYROL.
Each entry in this
table holds the beqinning address of a
block of storage which has been assigned to
the roll storage area. The first address
in the table is always the
beginning
address of roll O. The second address is
that of the first 4K-byte block of storage
and,
therefore,
the beginning address of
roll 1.
Initially, the
last
address
recorded on the table is the beginning
address of a block which holds the CODE and
AFTER POLISH rolls, with the CO~roll
begInning--at the first location in the
block.
As information is recorded on rolls
during the operation of the compiler, additional storage space may eventually be
required. Whenever storage is needed for a
roll which precedes the CODE roll, an
addi t.ional 4K block is reques ted f rom the
system and its address is inserted into the
ROLL ADR table immediately before the entry
describing the CODE roll base. This insertion requires that any entries describing
the CODE and AFTER POLISH rolls be moved
down in the ROLL ADR table.
The information on all rolls following (greater in
number than). the roll requiring the space
is then moved down a fixed number of words.
The roll which immediately precedes the
CODE roll moves into the new block of
storage.
This
movement of the rolls
creates the desired space for the roll
requiring it.
The movement of rolls does
not respect roll boundaries; that is, it is
entirely possible that any roll or rolls
may bridge two blocks of storage.
When - additional
storage
space
is
required for the AFTER POLISH roll, a block
is requested from the system and its beginning address is added to the bottom of the
ROLL
ADR
table.
When the CODE roll
requires more space, a new block is added
in the same manner, the AFTER POLISH roll
is moved down into the new block, and the
vacated space is available to the CODE
roll.
The CODE and AFTER POLISH rolls are
handled separately because the amount of
information which can be expected to reside
on them makes it impractical to move them
frequently in order to satisfy storage
requirements for all other rolls. The CODE
roll is also somewhat unique in that it is
assigned a large amount of space before it
is used: that is, the AFTER POLISH roll
does not begin at the same location as does

the CODE roll.
4 bytes
BASE
en) l_> r---------------l<-----unused
TOP
(n)
I
I
~---------------~~
t---------------1 .
BASE,
~---------------~
~---------------~
I
' K bytes
BOTTOM, and TOP Tables
In order to permit dynamic allocation as

well as to permit the use of the "push up"
logic,
tables containing the
variables
BASE,
BOTTOM,
and TOP are maintained to
record the current status of each of the
rolls.
These variables indicate addresses
of rolls.
Information stored on rolls is
in
units
of
fullwords;
hence,
these
addresses are always multiples of four.
The length of each of the tables is determined by the number of rolls, and the roll
number is an index to the appropriate word
in each table for the roll.
Each of the variables occupies a fullword and has the following configuration:
1 1
1 2
1 2
9 0
3
1
r-------------T------------T--------------,
IEntry number'
I
I
linto the
I Displacement I
I
,ROLL ADR
' ( 12 bi ts)
,
l, _____________ i I ____________
i I ______________ JI
Table
The entry number points to an entry in the
ROLL ADR table and, hence, to the beginning
address of a block of roll storage.
The
displacement is a byte count from the
beginning of the indicated storaqe block to
the location to which the variable (BASE,
BOTTOM, or TOP) refers.
It is significant to note that the
displacement field in these variables occupies twelve bits.
If the displacement
field is increased beyond its maximum value
(4095), the overflow increases the entry
number into the ROLL ADR table; this is the
desired result, since it simply causes the
variable to point to the next entry in the
table and effectively indicate the next
location in the roll storage area,
the
beginning of the next block.
The first status variable for each roll,
BASE,
indicates the beginning address of
that roll, minus four.
The second variable,
BOTTOM, indicates the address of the
most recently entered word on the roll.
If the roll is completely empty,
its
BOTTOM is equal to its BASE; otherwise,
BOTTOM always exceeds BASE by a multiple of
four.
Figure 7 illustrates a roll which
contains information.
~---------------~
BOTTOM(n)---->l _______________ J~
Figure
7.
Roll. Containing
Information
Bytes
of
When information is to be added to a

roll,
it is stored at the address pOinted
to by BOTTOM,
plus four,
and BOTTOM is
increased by four.
When a word is to be
retrieved from a roll, it is read from the
address specified by BOTTOM, and, under
most circumstances, BOTTOM is reduced by
four,
thus indicating that the word is no
longer occupied by the roll.
This alteration of the value of BOTTOM is terIDed
E~~!~g.
If the informatio~ retrieved from
a roll is to remain on the roll as well as
at the destination, BOTTOM is not changed.
This operation is indicated by the use of
the word "keep" in the POP instructions
that perform it.
The current length (in bytes) .of a
roll
is determined by subtracting its BASE from
its BOTTOM.
Note that this is true even
though the entry number field appears in
these variables,
since each increase in
entry number indicates 4096 bytes occupied
by the roll.
Thus, there is no limitation
on the size of a roll from this source.
For each roll, an additional status
variable, called!QE, is maintained.
TOP
enables the program to protect a portion of
the roll from destruction, while allowing
the use of the roll as though it were
empty.
Protecting a roll in this way is
calle~ reserving the roll.
The contents of
TOP (always greater than or equal to the
contents of BASE) indicate.a false BASE for
the roll .
The area between BASE and TOP,
when TOP does not equal BASE, cannot be
altered or removed from the roll. Ascending locations from TOP constitute the new,
empty roll.
Like BASE, TOP points to the word imIDediately preceding the first word into which
information can be stored.
A value is
automatically stored in this unused word
when the roll is reserved; the value is the
previous value of TOP, minus the value of
BASE
and is called the reserve mark.
Storage of this value permits-more than one
segment of the roll to be reserved.
Section 1:
23
A single roll (roll n), then, containing

K bytes of information, (where K is always
a multiple of four) and having no reserved
status, has the following settings for its
status variables:
BOTTOM
BASE + K
TOP + K
Figure 7 also illustrates this roll.

If
the same roll contains L bytes reserved and
K additional bytes of information, the
settings of its status variables are as
follows:
BOTTOM
= TOP
+ K
= BASE
+ L + K + 4
This roll is shown in Figure 8. Note that

the relationships given above are valid
because of the structure of the BASE,
BOTTOM, and TOP variables.
4 bytes
BASE
r---------------,I <---unused
(n)----->I
in the sense that they employ the same push

up logic which is used for the other rolls;
however, they are not numbered, and their
controls are, therefore, not maintained in
the tables used for the other rolls.
The WORK roll is used as a temporary
storage area during the operations of the
compiler.
Because information 1S moved to
and from the roll frequently it is handled
separately from other rolls.
The EXIT roll warrants special treatment
because it is used frequently in maintaining exit and entrance addresses for compiler routines.
The bottom of the WORK roll is recorded
in general register 4, WRKADR; general
register 5, EXTADR, holds the address of
the bottom of the EXIT roll. These values
are absolute addresses rather than in the
format of the BOTTOM varia.ble recorded for
other rolls.
For a more detailed explanation of the
WORK and EXIT rolls, see Appendix B "Rolls
Used by the Compiler."
r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l
~---------------~
t-------~-------1)
L bytes
~---------------~
I
I
I
, K bytes
~---------------~
TOP (n)------>I
I <---previous
~--------------TOP-BASE
~---------------~
~---------------~
~---------------~
~---------------~
~---------------~
BOTTOM (n)--->Il ______________ _ I
Figure
8.
Roll Containing L Bytes of Reserved Information and K Bytes

of New Information
Special Rolls
The WORK roll and the EXIT roll are
special rolls in that they are not maintained in the roll storage area, but rather
appear in IEYROL with a fixed amount of
storage allocated to each. They are rolls
24
CENTRAL ITEMS: The items SYMBOL 1, SYMBOL

2, SYMBOL 3, DATA 0, DATA 1, DATA 2, DATA 3
and DATA 4,. two bytes each in length, -and
DATA 5, eight bytes in length, contain
variable names and constants. These items
are called central due to the nature and
frequency
of
their use.
They occupy
storage in the order listed, with DATA 1
aligned to a doubleword boundary_
In general, SYMBOL 1, 2, and 3 hold
variable names; DATA 1 and 2 are used to
hold real constants, DATA 3 and 4 to hold
integer constants, DATA 1, 2, 3 and 4 to
hold double precision and complex constants, and DATA 1, 2,' 3, 4 and 5 to hold
double-precision complex constants.
GROUPS:
While the basic unit of infor~a
tion stored on rolls is a fullword,
many
rolls contain logically connected information which requires more than a singleword
of storage.
Such a collection of infor~a
tion is called a group and always occupies
a multiple of four bytes.
A word of a
group of more than one word is someti~es
called a rung of the group.
Regardless of the size of the group on a
given roll, the item BOTTOM for the roll
always points to the last' word on the roll.
Figure 9 shows a roll with a group size of
twelve.
GROUP STATS:
Since the size of the group
varies from roll to roll, this characteristic of each roll must be tabulated in
order to provide proper manipulatio~ of the
roll. In addition, the groups on a roll
are frequently searched against the values
held in the central items (SYMBOL 1, 2,
3,
etc.,).
Additional characteristics of the
roll must be tabulated in order to provide
for this function.
Four variables tabulated in the group stats
tables
are
required
to maintain this information.
(See Section 2 "IEYROL Module.")
4 bytes
[---------------1
<__ {BASE (n)
~---------------i
( I
1st group
.TOP
(n)
t---------------1
~---------------i
)~---------------~
2nd group
\ ~---------------~
t~---------------1
,~---------------i
3rd group
~---------------1
~---------------i
I <-- BOTTOM (n)
L _______________ J
Roll
With
Twelve
Group
Size
of
For some rolls, the size of the group is

not fixed.
In these cases a construct
called a "plex" is used. The first word of
each plex holds the number of words in the
plex, exclusive of itself; the remainder
holds the information needed in the group.
(See Figure 10.)
4 bytes
r-------------,I <---no.
BASE
(n)t
TOP
l->~-------------i
(n)'
~-------------i
I
3
,
words
in group
~-------------i
t-------------11
group
~-------------iL information
I
,,
~-------------i
~-------------i
~-------------i
plex
~-------------~
~-------------i
~-------------i
'
~I ------:------ill t plex
BOTTOM
Figure
(n)
10.
t-------------1~
L _____________ J
Roll with Variable Group Size
The assignment of roll storage does not

respect group boundaries; thus, groups may
be split between two blocks
of
roll
storag4!.
The first group stats table contains a

1-word entry for each roll. The entry is
divided into two halfword values~
The
first of these is the displacement in bytes
from SYMBOL 1 for a group search; that is,
the number of bytes to the right of the
beginning of SYMBOL 1 from which a comparative search with the group on the roll
should begin. This value is zero for rolls
which contain variable names
(since these
begin in SYMBOL 1), eight for rolls which
contain real, double-precision, complex or
double-precision complex constants (since
these begin in DATA 1),. and twelve for
rolls which contain integer constants.
The second value in the first group
stats table is also a displacement; the
distance in bytes from the beginning of the
group on the roll to the byte from which a
comparative search with the central items
should begin.
The second group stats table also holds
a 1-word entry for each roll; these entries
are also divided into two halfword' values.
The first of these is the number of consecutive bytes to be used in a comparative
search, and refers to both the group on the
roll and the group in the central items
with which it is being compared.
The second item in the second tab"e is
the size of the group on the rell, in
bytes. For rolls which hold plexes, the
value of this item is four.
For example, the DP CONST roll, which is
used to hold the double-precision constants
required for the object module, has an
8-byte group. . The settings of the Group
Stats for this roll are 8, 0, 8, and 8,
respectively. The first 8 indicates that
when this roll is searched in comparison
with the central items, the search should
begin eight bytes to the right of SYMBOL 1
(at DATA 1). The 0 indicates that there is
no displacement in the group itself; that
is, no information precedes the value to be
compared in the group. The second 8 is the
size of the value to be searched. The
final 8 is the number of bytes per group on
the roll.
Section 1:
25
The group stats for the ARRAY roll

<which holds the names and dimension information of arrays) are 0, 0, 6, and 20.
They in~icate that the search begins at
SYMBOL 1, that the search begins 0 bytes to
the right of the beginning of the group on
the roll, that the number of bytes to be
searched is 6, and that the group 6 size on
the roll is 20 bytes.
Figures 11 and 12 show the two group
stats tables containing the information on
the OP CONST roll and the ARRAY roll
discussed above.
It should be noted that
the information contained on these two
tables is arranged according to roll numbers.
In other words, the group stats for
roll 5 are in the sixth entry in the tables
(starting with entry number 0).
" bytes
r-----------T------------,
~-----------+------------~
OTHER VARIABLES
In addition to the
central
items,
several other variables used in the compiler perform functions which are significant
to the understanding of the POP instructions.
These are described in the following paragraphs.
The variable ANSWER BOX, which is recorded in the first byte of the first word
of each EXIT roll group, is used to hold
the
true or false responses from POP
instructions. The value "true" is represented by a nonzero value in this variable,
ana "false" by zero. The value is checked
by POP jump instructions.
~-----------~------------~
1
1
1
1
1
I
~-----------T------------~
OP CONST rOII--->1
81
01
~-----------~------------~
I
I
I
I
~-----------T------------i
ARRAY rOII--->1
01
01
~-----------~------------~
Most of the arithmetic performed in the

compiler
is full word arithmetic.
When
double-precision arithmetic is required,
the variables MPAC 1 and MPAC 2, four bytes
each in length, are used as a doubleprecision register.
These variables are
maintained in main storage.
1
1
I
I
Scan Control
~-----------T------------~
l ___________ ~ ____________ J
Figure 11.
First Group Stats Table

4 bytes
r-----------T------------,
~-----------+------------i
~-----------~------------i
1
1
1
I
~-----------T------------~
OP CONST roll--->1
81
81
~-----------~------------~
I
1
1
J
~-----------T------------~
ARRAY roll--->I
61
201
~-----------~------------~
l~-----------T------------~
___________ ____________ J
~
Figure 12.
26
Second Grcup Stats Table
Several
variables
are used in the
character scanning performed by the first
processing phase of the compiler, Parse
. Their names, and terms associated with
their
values,
are frequently used in
describing the POP instructions.
The variable CRRNT CHAR holds the source
statement character which is
currently
being inspected; the variable is four bytes
long.
The position (scan arrow) of the
current character within the input statement (its column number, where a continuous
column count is maintained over each statement) is held in the low-order bit positions of the fullword variable CRRNT CHAR
CNT.
Non-blank characters are called "active
characters," except when literal or IBM
card code information is being scanned.
The variable LAST CHAR CNT, which occupies
one word of storage, holds the column
number of the active character previous to
the one in CRRNT CHAR.
Column number:
tions which refer to quotes are assembled

with address fields which are relative to
this location.
1
1234567890
Figure ~4 shows some of the quotes used

by the compiler and how they are arranged
in storage.
DO 50 1
1, 4
A(1) == B(1)2
DO 50 J==l, 5
50 C(J+l) == A(n
4 bytes
QUOTE BASE
ir------------------------------
00
02
N
D i
~------------------------------~
I 00.
08
I
M I
.------------------------------~
lEN
S
1 I
t~121~!!~tiQ!2:
In thp. processing of the source module

which contains the above statements, statement 50 is currently, being parsed.
The
current character from the input buffer is
J.
The settings of the scan
control
variables are shown in Figure 13.
.------------------------------i
rON
b
b I
r-----------------------------------------,
(EBCDIC)
I
.------------------------------i
I 00
07
L
0 I
t~------------------------------~
00
07
M
P I
.~-----------------------------i
I LIe
I I
~------------------------------~
I T
b
b
b I
J J
l _________________________________________
~-------------~----------------~
G
I .
C
A I
CRRNT CHAR
.------------------------------i
I L
b
b
b I
r-----------------------------------------,
~------------------------------~
9 J1
1L_________________________________________
I
I
I
CRRNT CHAR CNT

(scan arrow)
I
I
I
.------------------------------i
I 00
06
F
0 I
r-----------------------------------------,
IL_________________________________________
1
8 I
~------------------------------~
R
MAT I
t------------------------------i
t
I
LAST CHAR CNT

Figure 13.
Scan Control Variables
L
t ______________________________ JI
Figure 14.
Several flags are used in the compiler.

These i-word variables have two possible
values:
on,
represented by nonzero, and
off, represented by zero. The name of the
flag indicates the significance of the "on"
setting in all cases.
Quotes
Quotes are sequences of characters preceded by a halfword character count; they
are compared with the input data to determine a statement type during the Parse
phase.
These
constants
are
grouped
together at the end of phase 1.
The
location labeled QUOTE BASE is the beginning location of the first quote; instruc-
Quotes Used in the Compiler
Messages
The messages used in the compiler, which
are also grouped together at the end of
Phase 1, are the error messages required by
Parse for the source module listing.
The
first byte of each message holds the condition code for the error described by the
message. The second byte of the message is
the number of bytes in the remainder of the
message. The message follows this halfword
of information.
The location labeled MESSAGE BASE is the
beginning location of the first message;
instructions which refer to messages are
assembled with address fields relative to
this location.
Section 1:
27
COMPILER ARRANGEMENT AND GENERAL REGISTER

USAGE
Figure 15 shows the arrangement of the
compiler in main storage with the Parse
phase shown in detail. General registers
that hold base locations within the compiler are shown pointing to the locations they
indicate. Note that the labels CBASE and
PROGRAM BASE 2 appear in each phase of the
compiler; the general registers CONSTR and
PGB2 contain the locations of those labels
in the operating phase.
General register 2,
PGB2,
holds the
beginning address of the g!Qba~me_~~bl~,
a table containing the addresses of compiler routines which are the targets of jump
instructions.
(See Appendix A for further
discussion of this table and the way in
which it is used.) The global jump table
appears in each phase of the compiler and
is labeled PROGRAM BASE 2; thus, the value
held in general register 2 is changed at
the beginning of each
phase
of
the
compiler.
r------------T------------------T--------------------------------------------,
Register 1 Label
I Contents
_______________________ I
~------------L------------------L---------------------
Invocation Phase
~------------T------------------T--------------------------------------------~
POP Jump Table

I
\
I
~--------------------------------------------~
\
\ POP SETUP
\ POP Machine Language Subroutines
)
I
)
~--------------------------------------------~
)
\
I Data for POP Subroutines
I
~------------f------------------+--------------------------------------------~
\ ROLLBR--->\
ROLL BASE
) Roll Statistics (Bases, Tops, Bottoms)'
\
\
I
~----------------------------------------~---~
I
I
1 Group Stats (Displacements, Group sizes) I
I
I
~--------------------------------------------~
I
I
I WORK Roll
I
I
I
~--------------------------------------------~
I
1
I EXIT Roll
I
)
I
~--------------------------------------------~
I
\
I ROLL ADR Table
)
\
I
~--------------------------------------------~
1
\
\ Roll Storage
\
)
POPPGB--->I
POP TABLE
low
storage
I
I Roll Storage.
I
~------------f------------------+--------------------------------------------~
I CONSTR--->1 CBASE
I Parse Data Items
I
~--------------------------------------------~
I
I
I
I
I Parse Routines
I
~--------------------------------------------~
I
I
\ PGB2----->\
PROGRAM BASE 2 I Parse Glob~l Jump Table
\
\
I
I
)
I
I
I
)
I
\
I
I
I
QUOTE BASE
~--------------------------------------------~
Parse Routines containing assembler
I
I
language branch targets
\
~--------------------------------------------~
I Quotes
I
MESSAGE BASE
~--------------------------------.------------~
Messages
~------------L------------------L---------------------
_______________________ )
~
I
PHASE 2: Allocate
1
~----------------------------------------------------------------------------~
)
PHASE 3:
Unify
~----------------------------------------------------------------------------~
)
PHASE 4:
Gen
t----------------------------------------------------------------------------~
PHASE 5:
Exi t
~----------------------------------------------------------------------------~
I.Roll storage is allocated in 4K-byte blocks, beginning from the higher end)
I of storage contiguous with Parse.
Additional blocks are obtained,
as)
lI ____________________________________________________________________________
needed, from' preceding (lower) 4K-byte blocks of storage.
JI
Figure 15.
28
Compiler Arrangement with Registers
high
storage
Compiler routines which contain assembler language instructions and are either
branched to by other assembler language
instructions or which themselves perform
internal branches,
follow the global jump
table. General register 2 is used as a
base register for references to both the
global jump table and these
routines.
Figure 15 shows this register in Parse.
General register 3, called POPADR in the
compiler code, is used in the sequencing of
the POP operations.
It holds the address
of the current POP, and is incremented by 2
as each POP is interpreted.
General register 4, called WRKADR, holds
the address of the current bottom of the
WORK roll.
General register 5, called EXTADR, holds
the address of the current bottom of the
EXIT roll.
General register 6, called POPXIT, holds
the return location for POP subroutines.
When POPs are being interpreted by POP
SETUP, the return is to POP SETUP: when
machine language instructions branch to the
POPs, it is to the next instruction.
POINTERS
Information defining a source module
variable (its name, dimensions,
el:..c.)
is
recorded by the compiler when the name of
the variable appears in an Explicit specification
or
DIMENSION statement.
For
variables which are not explicitly defined,
this information is recorded when the first
use of the variable is encountered.
All
constants are recorded when they are first
used in the source module.
All references to a given variable or
constant are i"ndicated by a pointer'to the
location at which the information defining
that variable or constant is stored.
The
use of the pOinter eliminates redundancy
and saves compiler space.
The pointer is
following format:
I byte
l-word value in the
byte
2 bytes
r---------T----------y--------------------,
~
JI
IL_________
TAG
I __________
OPERATOR ~I ____________________
ADDRESS
where:
General register 7, 'called ADDR, holds
the address portion of the current POP
instruction (eight bits); it is also used
in the de~oding of the operation code
portion of POP instructions.
General register 8, called POPPGB, holds
the beginning address of the machine language code for the POP instructions and the
POP jump table.
Figure 15 shows this
register,
which is used as a base for
references to these areas.
General register 9, called CONSTR, holds
the beginning address of the data referred
to by the compiler routines.
This area
precedes the routines themselves,
and is
labeled CBASE,
as indicated in Figure 15.
This register is, therefore, used as a base
register for references to data as well as
for references to the routines in the
compiler;
its value is changed at the
beginning of each phase.
General register 10, ROLLBR, holds the
beginning address of the roll area;
that
is, the beginning address of the base table
(see Figure 15).
The
value
in this
register remains constant throughout the
operation of the compiler.
General
register
11, RETURN,
holds
return addresses for the POP subroutines.
The remaining general registers are used
temporarily for various purposes in the
compiler.
TAG
is a i-byte item whose value is represented in two parts: MODE,
occupying
the upper four bits, indicates whether
the variable or constant is integer,
real, complex or logical; SIZE,
indicated in the lower four bits, specifies the length of the variable or
constant (in bytes) minus one.
(See
Figure 15.1).
r-------T-------------T-------T-----------,
!Value I MODE
I Value I SIZE
I
r-------f-------------t-------t--------~--~
I
0
I Integer
I
0
I 1 byte
I
J
1
I Real
I
1
I
2 bytes
I
2
I Complex
I
3
I
4 bytes
I'
I
I
3
I Logical
I
7
I 8 bytes I
J
4
I Literal/
I
F
I 16 bytes I
Hexadecimal
lI _______ I ______
._______ I _______ I ___________ JI
~
Figure 15.1
TAG'Field MODE and SIZE Values
OPERATOR
is a 1-byte item which contains the
roll number of the roll on which the
group defining the constant or variable is stored.
ADDRESS
is a 2-byte item which holds the
relative address
(in bytes)
of the
group which contains the information
for the constant or variable;
the
address is relative to the rop of the
roll.
section 1:
29
The pointer contains all the information

required to determine an absolute location
in the roll storage area. The roll number
(from the OPERATOR field) is first used as
an index into the TOP table. The ADDRESS
field of the pointer is then added to the
TOP, and the result is handled as follows:
1.
2.
Its entry number field

(bits
12
through 19) is used as an index into
the ROLL ADR table.
Its displacement
field
(bits
20
through 31) is' added to the base
address found in the ROLL ADR table.
The result of step 2 is the address
indicated by the pointer.
~ple:
Using a pointer whose OPERATOR

field
contains the value 2 and whose
ADDRESS field contains the value 4, and the
following tables:
ROLL ADR
TOP
r----T----T-----'
o I
~---f----+-----~
I
2 I
I
I 2
I
I 20
I
I
~---~----~-----~
I
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
r---------------,
o I
I
2 I
I
1000 I
~---------------~
~---------------~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
the 10cat10n 1024 is determined. Note that

for larger values in the pointer and in
TOP, the entry number field of TOP can be
modified by the addition of ADDRESS.
In
this case the result of the addition holds
2 and 24 in the entry number and displacement fields, respectively.
Since relative addresses are recorded in

it is not necessary to alter a
p01nter when the roll pointed to is moved.
No~e
also that the relative address in the
po1nter may exceed 4096 bytes with no
compli~a~ion.of the addressing scheme.
The
only l1m1tat10n on the size of a roll comes
a?out because of the size of the ADDRESS
f1eld of the pointer:
16 bits permit
values
less
than
64K
bytes
to be
represented.
po~nters,
30
For the purposes of object code generation, the mode and size of the constant or
variable is available to influence the type
of operations which can be employed, e.g.,
integer
or
floating,
fullword, or
doubleword.
DRIVERS
In the generation of Polish notation
from the
source language
statements,
"drivers" are also used.
These "drivers"
are values that are one word long and have
the same format as the pointer.
The t'wo
types of drivers used by the compiler are
discussed in the following paragraphs.
Operation Drivers
One type of driver is the operation
driver, which indicates arithmetic or logicar--operations to be performed.
The
fields of the driver are:
TAG
is a 1-byte item whose value is represented in two parts: MODE, occupying
the upper four bits, indicates the
mode ,of the operation, e.g., integer,
floating-point, complex or logical;
SIZE, indicated in the lower four
bits, specifies the length of the
result of the operation (in bytes)
minus one.
OPERATOR
is a 1-byte item containing a value
which indicates the operation to be
performed, e.g., addition, subtraction, etc.
The values for OPERATOR
are larger than the number of any
roll, and hence, also serve to distinguish a driver from a pointer.
ADDRESS
is a 2-byte item
which indicates the
of the operation
driver; its values
ten.
containing a value
"forcing strength"
specified by the
range from zero to
The forcing strengths associated with

the operation drivers are given in Table 1.
Table
1.
Internal Configuration of Operation Drivers
r--------------T----T--------T------------,
,
' I ' AD!2RES
iDri~r
il~~~iQ~fRATORiStrength)
I (Forcing
I
i
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
ISprog2
, 00 I
40
I 00 00
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
I Power
I 00 I
42
I 00 01
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
lUnary Minus
I 00 I
43
I 00 02
Control Drivers
The
other
type of driver used in the

Polish notation is ca~led the
control dr1ver.
It is used to injicate tht
type-;f~he-statement for which code is to
be written.
The control driver may also
designate some other control function such
as an I/O list, an array reference, or an
error linkage.
genera~i~n.of
~--------------+----+--------t------------~
I Multiply
I 00 I
44
I 00 03
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
'Divide
I 00 I
45
I 00 03
t--------------f----+--------t------------1
I Ad d
I OO!
4b
I 00 04
1
~--------------+----+--------t------------~
I subtract
I 00 I
47
I 00 04
I
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
IGT
I 00 I
48
,00 05
l
t--------------+----+--------+------------~
I GE
I 00 I
49
I 00 05
I
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
I LT
I 00 I
4A
I 00 05
I
t--------------+----+--------+------------~
I LE
I 00 I
4B
I 00 05
J
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
. I 00 I
4C
I 00 05
]
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
I NE
I 00 I
4D
I 00 05
I
I EQ
The fields of the control driver differ

from those of the operation driver in that
zero is contained in the TAG field, 255 in
the OPERATOR field (the distinguishing mark
for control drivers), and a unique value in
the
ADDRESS field.
The value in the
ADDRESS field is an entry nurr~er into a
table of branches to routines that process
each statement type or c.ontrol function; it
is used in this way during the operations
of Gen.
The formats of the operation
drivers and control drivers are given in
Appendix E.
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
I NOT
I 00 I
4E
I 00 06
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
I AND
I 00 I
4F
I 00 07
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
lOR
I 00 I
50
I 00 08
t--------------+----+--------+------------~
I Plus and Below I

I
I Phony3
I 00 I
3F
I 00 09
~--------------+----+--------+------------~
IEOE~
I 00 I
3F
I 00 OA
Table 1 lists the operation drivers and

the values contained in each field.
The
control drivers are given in Table 2.
The
ADDRESS field is the only field given
because the TAG and OPERATOR fields are
constant. All values are represented in
hexadecimal.
t--------------~----~--------~------------1
11The MODE and SIZE settings are placed in1

I the driver when it is used.
I
1 2 Indicates a function reference.
I
1 3 Used to designate the beginning of ani
I expression.
I
J~Means "end of expression"
and is used I
Il _________________________________________
for that purpose.
JI
Section 1:
31
Table
2~
Inter~al
Configuration of Control Drivers (Part 1 of 2)
r----------------------------T------------,
I
I
I
I
I
QE!y~E
I
I
~~Q~~
I
I
~----------------------------+------------~
AFDS
I
8
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I ARKAY
I
23C
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I ASSIGN
I
20
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I ASSIGNZD GO TO
I
1C
I
~----------------------------+------------i
I ASSIGNMENT
I
4
1
~----------------------------+------------~
I AT
I
68
I
.----------------------------+------------1
I BSREF
I
34
I
~----------------------------+------------~
CALL
2C
.----------------------------+------------~
CGOTO
18
~----------------------------+------------~
CONTINUE
28
~----------------------------+------------~
I DATA
I
3C
J
~----------------------------+------------~
I DEFINE FILE
I
44
I
.----------------------------+------------~
DIRECT 10
200
~----------------------------+~-----------~
I DISPLAY ID
I
74
I
.----------------------------+------------~
DO
I
10
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I DUr-t\1Y
I
68
J
J
.----------------------------+------------~
END
END=
20C
.----------------------------+------------~
~----------------------------+------------~
I
ERROR LINK 1
54
.----------------------------+------------~
EKrtOR LINK 2
58
.----------------------------+------------~
I ____________________________
ERROR LINK 3
I ____________
5C
L
JI
~
Table
2.
Intprnal Con~iquration of
trol Drivers (Part 2 of 2)
r----------------------------T------------,
I
I
I
I
I
QE!yer
I
I
~Q~~~~
I
I
.----------------------------+------------~
I ERK=
I
210
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I FXP and "kG

I
4eO
I
.----------------------------t------------~
I FIND
I
4C
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I FORJvJ\T
I
208
I
.----------------------------t------------~
I FORM~T STA
I
30
I
~----------------------------+------------~
I GOTO
I
14
I
t----------------------------+------------~
J
IF
I
24
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I IOL no CLOSE
I
218
I
t----------------------------t------------~
1 IOL DO DATA
I
21C
I
.----------------------------+------------~
I 10 LIST
I
214
I
t----------------------------t------------~
1 LOGICAL IF
I
60
I
.--------------------------~-+------------~
I NAMELIST
I
204
I
t----------------------------t------------~
I PAUSE
I
38
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I READ W~ITE
I
48
I
t----------------------------t------------~
J
RETURN
I
50
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I STANDARD PkINT UNIT
I
234
I
t----------------------------t------------~
J
STANDARD PUNCH UNIT
I
238
I
.----------------------------+------------~
J
STANDArtD RZAD UNIT
I
230
I
t----------------------------t------------~
J
STOP
I
64
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I SUBPROGRAM
I
40
I
t----------------------------+------------~
I TRACE OFF
I
70
I
t----------------------------+------------~
IL____________________________
TRACE ON
I ____________
bC
JI
~
32
Con-
SECTION 2:
This section describes in detail the

Invocation phase and the five processing
phases of the compiler and their operation.
The I~YROL module is also described.
INVOCATION PHASE (IEYFORT)

The Invocation phase is the compiler
control phase and is the first and last
phase of the compiler.
(The logic of the
phase is illustrated in Chart 00.) If the
compiler is invoked in an EXEC statement,
control is received from the operating
system control program. However, control
may be received from other programs through
use of one of the system macro instructions: CAL~, LINK, or ATTACH.
IEYFORT performs compiler initialization, expansion of roll storage assignment,
input/output request processing, and compiler termination.
The following paragraphs describe th~se operations in greater
detail.
IEYFORT, CHART 00
IEYFORT is the basic control routine of
the Invocation phase.
Its operation i~
invoked by the operating system or by
another program through either the CALL,
LINK, or ATTACH macro instructions.
Tne
execution of IEYFORT includes scanning the
specified compiler options, setting the
ddnames for designated data sets, initializing heading information, and acquiring
time and date information from the system.
IEYFORT sets pointers and indicators to
the options" data sets, and heading information specified for use by the compiler .
The options are given 1n 40 or fewer
characters, and are preceded in storage by
a binary count of the option information.
This character count immediately precedes
the
first location which contains the
option data. The options themselves are
represented in EBCDIC.
On entry to IEYFORT, general register 1
contains the address of a group of three or
fewer pointers. Pointer 1 of the group
holds the beginning address of an area in
storage that contains the execute options
specified by the programmer (set in the
OPTS CAN routine).
COMPILER OPERATION
Pointer 2 contains the address of the

list of DO names to be used by the compiler
(set in the DDNAMES routine).
Pointer 3 contains the address of the
headinq information.
Headinq data
may
designate such information as the continuation of pages, and the titles of pages.
If the FORTRAN compiler is invoked by
the control program (i.e., called by the
system), pointers 2 and 3 are not used.
However, if the compiler is invoked by some
other source, all pointers may be used.
The latter condition is determined through
an interrogation of the high order bit of a
pointer. If this bit is set, the remaining
pointers are nonexistent.
Nevertheless,
pointers 1 and 3 may exist while pointer 2
is nonexistent; in this case, pointer 2
contains all zeros.
During the operation .of I EYFCRT, the
SYSIN and SYSPRINT data sets are always
opened
through . use of the OPEN macro
instruction. The SYSLIN and SYSPUNCH data
sets are also opened depending upon the
specification of the LOAD and DECK options.
The block sizes of these data sets are set
to 80, 120, 80 and 80, respectively. These
data sets may be blocked or unblocked
(RECFM=F, FB, or FBA) depending upon the
DCB specification in the DO statements.
IEYFORT concludes the compiler initialization process with a branch to the first
processing phase of the compiler, Parse
(IEYPAR)
From this point in the operation of the
compiler, each processing phase calls the
next phase to be executed. However, the
Invocation phase is re-entered periodically
when the compiler performs such input/
output operations as printing, punching, or
reading.
The last entry to the Invocation
phase is at the completion of the compiler
operation.
IEYPRNT,
Cha~~_00A4
IEYPRNT is the routine that is called by

the compiler when any request for printing
is issued. The routine sets and checks the
print controls such as setting the line
count, advancing the line count, checking
the lines used, and controlling the spacing
before and after the printing of each line.
These control items are set, checked, and
inserted into the SYSPRINT control format,
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
33
and the parameter information and print

addresses are initialized for SYSPRINT.
If there is an error during the printing
operation, EREXITPR sets the error code
resulting from the print error. Any error
occurring during an input/output operation
results in a termination
of
compiler
operation.
PRNTHEAD is called by IEYPRNT after it

has been determined that the next print
operation begins on a new page. The program name and the new page number placed
into the heading format and any parameter
information and
origin
addresses
are
inserted into the SYSPRINT format.
If an
optional heading is specified by the programmer, it is inserted into the print line
format.
A PUT macro instruction is issued
to print the designated line, and all print
controls are advanced for the next print
operation.
IEYREAD, Chart 01A4

IEYREAD is called by the compiler at the
time that a read operation is indicated.
It reads input in card format from SYSIN
using the GET macro instruction. IEYREAD
can handle concatenated data sets.
If an error occurs during the read
operation, the routine EREXITIN is called.
This routine
checks
the
error
code
generated and prints the appropriate error
message.
PRNTMSG, Chart 03A1

PRNTMSG is called when any type of
message is to be printed. The print area
is initialized with blanks and the origin
and displacement controls are set. The
message is printed in two segments; each
segment is inserted into the print area
after the complete message length is determined and the length and origin of each
segment has been calculated.
Once the
entire message has been inserted, the carriage control for printing is set and
control is transferred to the system to
print the message.
IEYMOR, Chart 0101
IEYMOR is called when additional roll
storage area is needed for compiler operation. This routine may be entered from any
of the processing phases of the compiler.
The GETMAIN macro instruction is issued by
this routine and transfers. control to the
system for the allocation of one 4K-byte
block of contiguous storage. The system
returns to IEYMOR with the absolute address
of the beginning of the storage block in
general register 1.
Once the requested
storage space has been obtained, IEYMOR
returns to the invoking phase.
If the
system is unable to allocate the requested
storage, inactive modules of the compiler
are deleted. Those preceding the currently
active module are deleted first; then those
following it are deleted, if necessary.
Should addi~ional space be needed after all
inactive
modules are deleted, compiler
operations are terminated.
When IEYMOR returns to the invoking
phase with the absolute address of the
storage block in general register 1, the
invoking phase then stores the contents of
register 1 in the ROLL ADR table.
The ROLL ADR table is used by the
compiler to record the addresses of the
different blocks of storage that have been
allocated for additional roll capacity.
The contents of the table are later used in
IEYRETN for releasing of the same storage
blocks.
When a punch
output
operation
is
requested by the compiler, control is transferred to the IEYPCH routine. The LOAD
and DECK options are checked to determine
what output to perform.
IEYNOCR
Any errors' detected during output result

in a transfer of control to the EREXITPC,
for SYSPUNCH, or EREXITLN, for SYSLIN,
routine.
The routine sets a flag so that
no further output is placed on the affected
file.
IEYNOCR
is
called by PRESS MEMORY
(IEYPAR) whenever it is unable to obtain at
least 32 bytes of unused storage.
I EYNOCR
prints
the message NO CORE AVAILABLE,
branches to a subroutine that checks to see
if there are any source language cards to
be disregarded, and then exits to IEYRETN.
34
The
compiler
termination
routine
(IEYRETN) is invoked by Exit (IEYEXT) or by
one of the input/o~tput routines after the
detection of an error.
The routine first obtains the error
condition code returned by the compiler and
tests this value aqainst any previous value
received during the compilation.
The compiler communications area for the error
code is set to the highest code received
and a program name of "Main" is set in the
event of multiple compilations.
The routine then checks general register 1 for the
address of the ROLL ADR table.
Each entry
of the ROLl. ADR tab~_e indicates thE- beginning of a 4K-byte block of roll storage
that must be relea~ed.
A FREE~AIN macro
instruction is issued for each block of
storagE indicated in the table until a zero
entry is encountered (this denotes the end
of th~ HOLL ADR table).
The presence of more than one source

in the input stream is checked by
interrogating the end-of-file indication
and the first card following this notation.
If another compilation is indicated, the
line, card, and page count control items
are reinitialized and all save registers
used by the Invocation phase are restored.
The number of diagnostic messages generated
for the compilation is added to a total
count for the multiple compilation and the
diagno~tic
error C0 11nt is reset to zero.
The first processing phase of the compiler,
Parse (IEYPAR), is called and the operation
of the compiler proceeds
as described in
the previous paragraphs and those pertaining to the processing phases.
~onulp.
If another compilation is not indicated,

a check is made to determine if there was a
multiple compilation.
If there was a multiple compilation,
an indication of the
total
number
of
diagnostic
messages
generated for all of the compilations is
printed.
Also, routine IEYFINAL closes the
data set files used by the compiler
(by
means of the CLOSE macro instruction).
The
terminal error condition code is obtained
and set for the return to the invoking
program,
and
all saved registers are
restored before the return is made.
Routine IEYFINAL also receives control
from other compiler routines when an input/
output error is detected.
OPTSCAN determines the existence of th~

parameters specifying the compiler options.
If options are specified, the validity of
eacn option is checked against the parameter table and the pointer to these options
h) set once the options have been validatej.
The program name is noted jepending
upon the presence or absence of the NAME
parameter.
However.
if these options are
not specified, the first pointer of the
group of three supplied to the compiler by
the ~ystem contains zero.
DDNAMES scans the entries made for the

names of the data sets to be llsed by the
compiler.
The entries corresponding to
SYSN,
SYSIN,
SYSPRINT,
and SYSPUNCH are
checked; if an alternate name has been
provided, it is inserted into the DCB area.
HEADOPT determines the existence of the

optional heading i nf ormatiol".
It
such
information exists,
its length is deterruined, it is centere1 for printing,
and
then is insert~d into the Printmsg Table,
with pointer 3 being, set.
TIMEDAT serves only to obtain the time

and date information from the system and to
insert the data into the heading line.
OUTPUT FROM IEYFORT

The following paragr~phs describe the
error messages produced during the operation of the Invocation phase.
These messages denote the progress of the compilation,
and
denote the condition which
results in the termination of the compiler.
IEY028r NO CORE AVAILABLE
TERMINATED
COMPILATION
The system was unable to provide a

41<-byte block of additional roll
storage
and
PRESS
MEMORY was
entered.
It, too,
was unable to
obtain space.
The condition code
is 16.
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
35
IEY0291 DECK OUTPUT DELETED
Multiple Compilations
The DECK option has been specified,

and an error occurred during the
process of punching the designated
output.
No error condition code is
qenerated for this error.
IEY030I
The following rness'3gl? ?lppears "it

the end of a
multiple comf-,ilat:i r )i1
to indica te the tota 1 number of
errors that occurred.
The message
will not appear if the cotnpile r_' i3
te~mindte~ beca~se of an error condition or if the compilation consisted of only one main or one
Subprogram.
LINK EDIT OUTPUT DELETED

The LOAD option has been specified,
and an error occurred during the
process
of generating the load
module.
The condition code is 16.
.STATISTICS*
STEP
NO
DIAGNOSTICS
T~IS
or
.S?ATISTICS*
,..,.-~'tr"
.,.,
nnn
DIAGNOSTICS THIS
..J J.LL-
lEY031I ROLL SIZE EXCEEDED

where:
This message is produced when:
(1)
The WORK or EXIT roll has exceeded
the storage capacity assigned; or
(2)
Another roll used by the compiler has exceeded 64K bytes of
storage,
thus making it unaddressable.
(This condition applies to
all rolls except the ~FTER POLISH
and CODE rolls.)
The condition
code is 16 ..
IEY0321 NULL PROGRAM
This message is produced when an
end-of-data set is encountered on
the input data set prior to any
valid source statement. The condition code is O.
IEY03QI I/O ERROR (COMPILATION
TERMINATED]
xxx xxx
This message is produced when an
input/output error is detected during compilation.
If the
error
occurred on SYSPUhCH, compilation
is continued and the COMPILATION
TERMINATED portion of the message
is not printed. The condition code
is 8.
If the error occurred on
SYSIN,
SYSPRINT, or SYSLIN, compilation is terminated.
The condition code is 16. xxx xxx is the
character string formatted by the
SYNADAF macro instruction.
For an
interpretation of this information,
see the publication IBM s~~env360
~rating
System:
Supervisor and
Data Management Macro-Instructions,
Form C28-66Q7.
IEY035I UNABLE TO OPEN ddname
This message is produced when the
required
ddname data definition
card is missing or the ddname is
misspelled.
36
nnn
is the total number of diagnostic

messages for the multiple compilation
expressed as a decimal integer.
PHASE 1 OF THE COMPILER:
PARSE (IEYPAR)
The first processing phase

of
the
FORTRAN IV (G)
compiler,
Parse, accepts
FORTRAN statements in card form3t as input
and translates them.
Specification statements are translated to entries on rolls
which define the symbols of the program.
Active statements are translated to Polish
notation.
The Polish notation and roll
entries produced by Parse are its eE!~~E~
2utP~~.
In addition, Parse writes out all
erroneous statements and the associated
error messages.
Parse produces a
full
source module listing when the
SOURCE
option is specified.
The following description of Parse consists of two parts . The first part,
"Flow
of Phase 1," describes the overall logic of
the phase by means of both narrative and
flowchart.s.
The second part, "Output from Phase 1,"
describes the Polish notation produce1 by
Parse.
The construction of
this output,
from which subsequent phases produce object
code, is the pr.imary function performed by
Parse.
See Appendix C for the Polish
format for each statement type.
The
message;]
source listing format and the error

prcd i .1ced by
Parse
are
also
discussed~
The
rolls rr~nipulated by Parse are
listed in Table 3 and are mentioned in the
following description of the phase.
At the
first mention of a roll,
its nature is
briefly described&
See Appendix B for a
complete description of a format of a roll.
Form Y2P-6638-1
Page Revised 7/23/69 by TNL Y28-6829
Table
3.
Rolls Used by Parse
r-------------------T---------------------,
IRoll
!Roll
INO,
Roll Name
No. Roll Name
Lib -----28
1 Source
29 Explicit
2 Ind Var
30 Call Lbl
31 Namelist Names
4 Polish
5 Literal Const
32 Namelist Items
6
Hex Const
33 Array Dimension
7
Global
35 Temp Data Name
36
Fx Const
Temp Polish
37 Equivalence
9
Fl Const
10 Dp Const
38
Used Lib
11 Complex Const
Function
39 Common Data
12 Dp Complex
40 Common Name
Const
41 Implicit
13 Temp Name
42 Equivalence
14 Temp
14 Error Temp
Offset
43 Lbl
15 DO Loops Open
4~
16 Error Message
Scalar
17 Error Char
45 Data Var
46 Li t.eral Temp
18
Init
53 Format
19 Xtend Lbl
54 Script
20
Xtend Target
Lbl
55 Loop Data
22 Array
56 Program Script
24 Entry Names
59 AT
60 Subchk
25 Global Dmy
63 After Polish
26 Error
27
Local Dmy
___________________
__ - - - ________________ J
LOcal-sprog
Section 2:
compiler Operation
36.1
FLOW OF PHASE 1, CHART 04

START COMPILEq initializes the operation
of Parse,
setting flags from the user
options,
reading and writing
out
(on
option)
any initial comment cards in the
source module, and leaving the first card
of the first statement in an input area.
This routine concludes with the transfer of
control to STATEMENT PROCESS.
STATEMENT PROCESS (G0631)
controls the
operation of Parse.
The first routine
called by STATEMENT PROCESS is PRINT AND
rtEAD SOURCE.
On return from that routine,
the previous source statement and its error
~essages have been written out (as
defined
by user ortions), and the statement to be
processed
(including any comment cards)
plus the first card of the next statement
will be on the SOURCE roll.
(This roll
holds the source-5tatements, one character
per byte.)
STATEMENT PROCESS then calls
STA INIT to initialize for the processing
of the statement and LBL FIELD XLATE to
process the label field of the statement.
On return from LBL FIELD XLATE, if an
error has been detected in the label field
or in column 6, STATEMENT PROCESS restarts.
Otherwise,
STA XLATE and STA FINAL are
called to complete the translation of the
source
statement.
On return from STA
FINAL, if the last statement of the source
module has not been scanned,
STATEMENT
PROCESS restarts.
When the last ca~d of a
source module
has been scanned, STATEMENT PROCESS determines whether it was an END card;
if not,
it writes a message.
The routine then sets
a
flag to indicate that no further card
images should be read, and calls PRINT AND
READ SOURCE to write out the last statement
for the source listing (nepending on whether the SOURCE option was specified or was
indicated as the default condition at system generation time).
When no END card appears, two tests are
made:
(1) If the last statement was an
Arithmetic IF statement, the Polish notation must be moved to the AFTER POLISH
roll;
(2)
If the last statement-Was-of-a
type which does not continue in sequence to
the next statement (e.g., GO TO,
RETURN),
no code is required to terminate the object
module,
and the Polish notation for an END
statement is constructed on the POLISH
roll.
If the NEXT_ STA LBL FLAG is-off,
indicating that the last statement was not
of this type,
the Polish notation for a
STOP or RETURN statement is constructed on
the POLISH roll, depending on whether the
source module is a main program or a
subprogram.
After the Polish notation for the STOP

or RETURN has been constructed on the
POLISH roll,
the, Polish notation for the
END statement is then constructed~
Parse keeps track of all inner DO loops
that may possibly have an extended range.
Parse tags the LABEL roll entries for those
labels within the DO loops that are possible
re-entry points from an extended
range. These tags indicate the pOints dL
which general registers 4 through 7 must be
restored.
The ,appropriate LOOP DATA roll
groups are also tagged to indicate to the
Gen phase which of the inner DO loops may
possibly have an extended range.
Gen then
produces object code to save registers 4
through 7.
After processing the last statement of
the source module,
a pointer to the ~QQ~
DATA roll is placed on the ~~~PT_Q!l, the
IND VAR roll is released,
and,
if the
source--module was a _main program,
the
routine REGISTER IBCOM (G0707) is called to
record IBCOM as a required- subprogram.
For
all
source
modules,
the
information
required for Allocate is then moved to the
appropriate area, and the Parse phase is
terminated.
PRINT and READ SOURCE, Chart BA

PRINT AND READ
three functions:
SOURCE
(GOS37) serves
1.
It writes out the previous source

statement and its error messages as
indicated by user options.
2.
It reads the new source statement to

be processed,
including any comment
cards, as well as the first card of
the statement following the one to be
processed.
3.
It performs an initial classification

of the statement to be processed.
The statement to be written out is found

on the SOURCE roll.
One line at a time is
removed from this roll and placed in a
120-byte output area from which it is
written out.
The new statement being read
into the SOURCE roll is placed in an
SO-byte input area and replaces the statement being written out as space on the
SOURCE roll becomes available.
Any blank
card images in the source module are eliminated before they reach the SOURCE roll.
Comment cards are placed on the SOURCE roll
exactly as they appear in the
source
module.
The last card image placed on the
SOURCE roll is the first card of the source
statement following the one about to be
Section 2:
compiler Operation
37
processed; therefore, any comment cards

that appear between two statements are
processed with the statement which precedes
them.
When an END car~ has been read, no
further reading is performed.
The initial classification of the statement that occurs during the operation of
this
routine determines, at most, two
characteristics about the statement to be
processed:
(1) If it is a statement of the
assignment type, i.e., either an arithmetic
or logical assignment statement or a statement function, or (2) If it is a Logical IF
statement, whether the statement "S" (the
consequence of the Logical IF)
is
an
assignment statement. Two flags are set to
indicate the results of this classification
for later routines.
At the conclusion of this routine, all
of the previous source statements and their
errors have been removed from the SOURCE
roll and are written out. In addition, all
of the statements to be processed (up to
and including the first card of the statement following it) have been placed on the
SOURCE roll.
STA
INIIL Chart
BB
STA INIT (G0632)

initializes for the
Parse processing of a source statement. It
sets the CRqNT CHAR CNT and the LAST CHAR
CNT to 1, and places the character from
column 1 of the source card in the variable
CRRNT CHAR.
It then determines,
from a count made
during input of the statement, the number
of card images in the statement: multiplying this value by 80, STA INIT sets up a
variable (LAST SOURCE CHAR) to indicate the
character number of the last character in
the statement.
The routine finally releases the TEMP
NAME
roll and sets several flags
variables to constant initial values before
returning to STATEMENT PROCESS.
-and
LBL FIELD XLATE (G063S) first saves the

address of the current WORK and EXIT roll
bottoms. It then inspects the first six
columns of the first card of a statement.
It determines whether a label appears, and
records the label if it does.
If any
errors are detected in the label field ~r
in column 6 of the source card, LBL FIELD
XLATE records these err:>rs for later print38
ing and returns to

STATEMENT
PROCESS
(through SYNTAX FAIL) with the ANSWER BOX
set to false.
Pointers to all labels within DO loops
are placed on the ~TEN~LB~_roll~ Labels
that are jump targets (other than jumps
within the DO loop) are tagged to indicate
to Gen at which points to restore general
registers 4 through 7.
If the statement being processed is the
statement following an Arithmetic IF statement, LBL FIELD XLATE moves the Polish
notation for the Arithmetic IF statement to
the AFTER POLISH roll after adding a pointer to the label of the present statement to
it.
ST~~~ATE,
Chart BD
Under the control of STA XLArE (G063b)

the source module statemertt on the SOURCE
roll is processed and the Polish notation
for that statement is produced on the
POLISH roll, which holds Polish notation
for source statements, one statement at a
time.
Errors occurring in the statement
are recorded for writing on the source
module listing.
The addresses of the bottoms of the WORK

and EXIT rolls are saved. Then, if the
statement is of the assignment type (the
first flag,set by PRINT AND READ SOUR~E is
on), STA XLATE ensures that a BLOCK DATA
subprogram is not being compiled and falls
through to ASSIGNMENT STA XLATE (G0637).
If a BLOCK DATA subprogram is being compiled, STA XLATE returns after recording an
invalid statement error message.
If the
statement is not of the assignment type, a
branch is made to LITERAL TEST (G0640),
which determines the nature of the statement from its first wordCs), and branches
to the appropriate routine for processing
the statement. The names of the statement
processing routines indicate their functions; for example, DO statements
are
translated by DO STA XLATE, while Computed
GO TO statements are translated by CGOTO
STA XLATE.
Wi th the exception of LOGICAL IF S'I'A

XLATE, the' statement processing routines
terminate their operation through STA XLA1E
'EXIT.
LOGICAL IF STA XLATE moves the
second flag set by PRINT AND READ SOURCE:
(which indicates whether the statement "S"
is an assignment statement) into the first
flag,
and calls STA XLATE as a subroutine
for the translation of the statement "S."

When all of the Logical IF statement,
including "S," has been translated, LOGICAL
IF STA XLATE also terminates through STA
XLATE EXIT.
STA XLATE
EXIT
(G0723)
determines
whether errors in the statement are of a
severity level which warrants discarding

the statement.
If such errors exist, and
the statement is active (as opposed to a
specification statement), the Polish notation produced for the statement is removed
and replaced by an invalid statement driver
before
a return is made to STATEMENT
PROCESS. Otherwise, the Polish notation is
left intact, and a return is made to
STATEMENT PROCESS
. Section 2:
Compiler Operation
38.1
ment number by one for the statement just

processed.
It then determines whether any
Polish notation has been produced on the
POLISH roll;
if no Polish notation is
present, STA FINAL returns to STATEMENT
PROCESS.
If the statement produced Polish notation of a type which may not close a DO
loop,
STA FINAL bypasses the check for the
close of a DO loop. Otherwise, ~~~ r~~~L
determines whether the label (if there is
one) of the statement corresponds to the
label of the terminal statement of a DO
loop.
If so, the label pointer
(or pointers,
if the statement terminates several
DO loops) is removed from the DO LOOPS OPEN
roll f
which holds pointers to--oO--loop
terminal
statements until the terminal
statements are found.
When the statement is the target of a DO
loop, extended range checking is continued.
DO loops which have no transfers out of the
loop are eliminated as extended range candidates.
In addition, the nest level count
is reduced by one and the information
concerning the array references in the
closed loop is moved from the SCRIPT roll
to the PROGRAM SCRIPT roll.
STA FINAL then places the label pointer
(if it is required) on the Polish notation
for the statement, and, at STA FINAL END,
adds the statement number to the Polish.
Except wnen the statement just processed
was an Arithmetic IF statement, STA FINAL
END terminates its operation by moving the
Polish notation for the statement to the
AFTER POLISH roll.
In the case of the
Arithmetic IF,
the Polish notation is not
moved until the label of the next statement
has been processed by LBL FIELD XLATE.
When the Polish notation has been moved,
STA FINAL returns to STATEMENT PROCESS.
ACTIVE END STA XLATE (G0642) is invoked

by STATEMENT PROCESS when the END card has
been omitted and the last statement in the
source module has been read.
If the last
statement was not a
branch,
the routine
determines whether a sUbprogram or a main
program is being.terminated.
If it is a
subprogram,
the Polish notation for a
RETURN is constructed;
if it is a main
program,
the Polish notation for a STOP
statement is constructed.
If the last
statement
was
a branch,
this routine
returns without doing anything.
PROCESS POLISH (G0844) moves a count of

the number of words in the Polish notation
for a statement, and the Polish notation
for that statement,
to the AFTER POLISH
roll.
OUTPUT FROM paASE 1
The output from Parse is the Polish

notation and roll entries producea for
source module active statements,
the roll
entries produced for source module specification statements,
and the source module
listing (on option SOURCE) and error messages.
The following paragraphs descrioe
the Polish notation and the source and
error
listings.
See
Appendix 8
for
descriptions of roll formats.
Polish Notation
The primary output from Phase 1 of the
compiler is the Polish notation for the
source module active statements.
This
representation of the statements is produced one statement at a time on the POLISH
roll.
At the end of the processing of each
statement, the Polish notation is tran~
ferred to the AFTER POLISH roll, where it
is held until it is required by lat~r
phases of the compjler.
Hle
format of the Polish notation d l t fers from one type of statement to another.
The following paragraphs describe the general rules for the construction of Poli~h
notation for expressions.
The specific
formats of the Polish notation produced for
the various FORTRAN statements are given in
Appendix C.
Polish notation is a method of writing

arithmetic expressions whereby the traditional sequence of "operand 1 " "operation"
"operand 2 " is altered to a functional notation of "operation" "operand 2 "
"operand1 . "
Use of this notation has the advantage of
eliminating the need for
brackets
of
various levels to indicate the order of
operations, since any "operand" may itself
be a
sequence of the form "operation"
"operand" "operand," to any
level
of
nesting.
Assuming
expressions
which
do not
include any terms enclosed in parentheses,
the following procedure is used to construct
the
Polish
notation
for
an
expression:
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
39
1.
At the beginning of the expression, an

artificial driver is placed on the
WORK roll: this driver is the Plus and
Below Phony driver, and has a lower
forcing strength
than
any arithmetic or logical operator.
(Forcing
strengths are given in Table 1.)
2.
As each variable name or constant in

the
expression
is encountered, a
pointer to the defining group
is
placed on the POLISH roll.
3.
When an operator is encountered, the

corresponding driver is constructed
and it is compared with the last
driver on the WORK roll:
a.
b.
If the current driver has a higher

forcing strength than the driver
on the bottom of the WORK roll
(the "previous" driver, for the
purposes of this discussion), the
current driver is added to the
WORK roll and the analysis of the
expression continues.
If the current driver has a forcing strength which is lower than
or equal to the forcing strength
of the previous driver, then:
(1) If the ~revious driver is the
Plus and Below Phony driver,
the current driver replaces
the previous driver on the
WORK roll (this situation can
only occur when the current
driver is an EOE driver, indicating the end of the expression) and the analysis of the
expression is terminated.
(2) If the previous driver is not
the Plus and Below Phony driver, the previous driver is
removed from the WORK roll and
placed on the POLISH roll, and
the comparison of the current
driver against the previous
driver is repeated (that is,
using the same current driver,
this procedure is
repeated
from 3).
The sequence of operations which occurs

when the analysis of an expression is
terminated removes the EOE driver from the
WORK roll.
where:
A
represents a pointer to the defining
group for the variable A
+
represents the Add driver. This notation is produced from the top down: when it
is read from the bottom up, the sequence
described above for Polish notation is
satisfied.
Explanation:
The
following
occur rn--the production of
notation:
operations
this Polish
1.
The Plus and Below Phony

placed on the WORK roll.
2.
A pointer to A is placed on the POLISH

roll.
3.
An Add driver is constructed and compared with the Plus and Below Phony
driver on the bottom.of the WORK roll:
the Add driver has a higher forcing
strength and is therefore added to the
WORK roll (according. to rule
3a"
above)
4.
A pointer to B is placed on the POLISH

roll.
5.
An EOE (end of expression) driver is

constructed and compared with the Add
driver on the bottom of the WORK roll:
the EOE driver has a lower forcing
strength, and the Add driver is therefore removed from the WORK roll and
added to the POLISH roll (rule 3b2).
6.
The EOE driver is compared with the

Plus and Below Phony driver on the
bottom of the WORK roll: the EOE
driver has a lower forcing strength,
and therefore (according to rule 3b1)
replaces the Plus and Below Phony
driver on the WORK roll.
7.
The analysis of the expression is

terminated and the EOE driver
is
removed
from the WORK roll.
The
Polish notation for the expression is
on the POLISH roll.
The expression
ExamQle 2:
produces the Polish notation
driver
is
A
B
EX~Ele-1:
The expression A
the Polish notation
produces
C
/
+
A
B
+
40
which, read from the bottom up, is + / C

A.
E;xplanation:
occur in the
notation:
The
following operations
production of this Polish
1.
The Plus and Below Phony driver is

placed on the WOR roll.
2.
A pointer to A is placed on the POLISH

roll.
3.
An Ad~ driver is constructed and compared with the Plus and Below Phony
driver; the Add driver has the higher
forcing strength and is placed on the
WORK roll.
4.

roll.
5.
A Divide driver is constructed and

compared with the Add driver;
the
Divide driver has the higher forcing
strength and is placed on the WORK
roll.
6.
A pointer to C is placed on the POLISH

rol i.
7.
An EOE driver is constructed and compared with the Divide driver; since
the EOE driver has the lower forcing
strength,
the Divide driver is moved
to the POLISH roll.
8.

Add r}river;
since the EOE driver has
the lower forcing strength,
the Add
driver is moved to the POLISH roll.
9.

Plus and Below Phony driver; since the
FOE driver has the lower
forcing
strength,
it replaces the Plus and
Below Phony driver on the WORK roll.
and the analysis of the expression
terminates with the removal of one
group from the WORK roll.
The expression
ExamEle 3:
produces the Polish notation
3.
A Divide driver is constructed and

compared with the Plus and Belvw Phony
driver;
the Divide driver has -cue
higher forcing strength and is added
to the WORK roll.
4.

roll.
5.
6.
The Subtract driver is compared with

the Plus and Below Phony driver;
the
Subtract driver has the higher forcing
strength and is added to the WORK
roll.
7.
A pOinter to C is placed on the POL!SH

roll.
8.
An EOE driver is constructed and compared with the Subtract driver; since
the EOE driver has a lower forcing
strength, the Subtract driver is moved
to the POLISH roll.
9.

Plus and Below Phony driver; the EOE
driver replaces the Plus and Below
Phony driver on the WORK roll and the
analysis of the expression is terminated.
~UDtract
driver is constructed and
compared with the Divide driver;
the
Subtract driver has a lower forcing
strength, therefore the Divide driver
is moved to the POLISH roll.
Recursion is used in the translation of

an expression when a left parenthesis is
found; therefore, the term enclosed in the
parentheses is handled
as a
separate
expression.
The following three examples
illustrate the resulting Polish notation
when
more
complicated expressions are
transformed:
EXP~!2!!
Polish Notation
-*+OCBA
/*DC-BA
+**XC/-CX/ZX
The following should be noted with

spect to the exponentiation operation:
/
C
read from the bottom up, is
Expl~tion:
occur in the
notation:
1.
A pOinter to A is placed on the POLISH

roll.
1. A-B*(C+O)
2. (A-B) / (C*O)
3. X/Z/(X-C)+C**X
A
B
which,
A.
2.
C /
The
following operations
production of this Polish
The Plus and Below Phony driver is

placed on the WORK roll.
re-
Exponentiations on the same level are

scanned right to left.
Thus,
the
expression A**B**C**D is equivalent to
the expression A**(B**(C**O).
Two groups are added to the POLISH roll
to indicate each exponentiation operation.
The first of these is the Power
driver; the second is a pointer to the
group on the global subprogram roll
(GLOBAL SPROG roll) which defines the
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
41
required exponentiation routine. Thus,

the expression A B produces the
following Polish notation:
Pointer to A
Pointer to B
Power driver
Pointer to exponentiation routine
The concept of Polish
nct~tion
is
{:xtended in thp FORTRAN IV (G) compiler to
include not only the representation of
drithmetic expression~, but also the representation of all parts of the active statements of the FORTRAN language. The particular notation produced for each type of
statement is described in Appendix c. Once
an entire source statement has been produced on the POLISH roll,
phase 1 copies
this roll to the AFTER ?( If,TSH roll and the
processing of the next statement begins
with the POLISH roll empty.
is catastrophic, at least to part of the

statement being scanned. The second technique is a
jump to an error recording
routine,
such as ALLOCATION FAIL or SUBSCRIPTS FAIL, which records the error and
jumps to FAIL.
The third technique is the
use of one of the instructions, such as
IEYCSF or IEYQSF, which automatically jump
to SYNTAX FAIL if the required condition is
not met.
SYNTAX FAIL also exits through
FAIL.
If the statement being processed is

active and errors have been detected in it,
FAIL removes any Polish notation which has
been produced for the statement from the
POLISH roll, replacing it with an error
indicator.
FAIL then restores WORK and
EXIT roll controls to their condition at
the last time they were saved and returns
accordingly.
Source Listing
Thp
secondary outpUl from Parse is the
source module lis~ing. if a sOlttce listing
lS requested by the user (by means
of the
option SOURCE),
source module cards are
listed exactly as they appear on the input
data set with error messages added on
separate lines of the listing.
If no
source module listing is requested, Parse
writes only erroneous statements and their
error messages.
Some translation routines modify the

action of the FAIL routine through the use
of the IEYJPE instruction so that FAIL
returns immediately to the location following the IEYJPE instruction. The translation routine can then resume the processing
of the statement from that point.

error recording methods used in phase 1,
the format of the source listing and the
error messages generated.
FORMAT OF THE SOURCE MODULE LISTING: Error

information for a source module card containing errors appears on the listing lines
immediately following that card. For each
error encountered, a $ sign is printed
beneath the active character preceding the
one which was being inspected when the
error was detected.
The only exception
would be in the case of a SYNTAX error.
In
such a case, the $ sign undermarks the
character being inspected when the error is
detected.
The listing line which follows
the printed card contains only the $ sign
markers.
ERROR RECORDING: As a rule, Parse attempts

to continue processing source statements in
which errors are found. However,
certain
errors are catastrophic and cause Parse to
terminate processing at the point in the
statement where the error occurred.
Statements which cannot oe
compiled
properly are replaced by a call to the
FORTRAN error routine IHCIBERH.
Throughout Parse,
three techniques of
error recording are used.
The first of
these is used when the error is not cat~a
strophic. This method records the character position in the statement at which
the error was detected (by means of IEYLCE,
IEYLCT, or IEYLCF instructions) and the
number of the error type on the ERROR roll;
after recording this information,
Parse
continues to scan the statement.
The second and thir1 techniques of error
recording are used when the error detected
42
The next line of the listing describes

the marked errors.
The errors are numbered
within the card (counting from one for the
first error marked); the number is followed
by a right parenthesis, the error number,
and the type of the error.
Three errors
are described on each line, for as many
lines as are required to list all the
marked errors on the source card.
The following is an illustration of the

printed output from phase 1:
DIMENSION ARY(200), BRy(200) CRYeS,10,10)
$
1)
IEY0041 COMMA
IF eAA + BB)
1~,
20, 250000
$
1)
IEY010I SIZE
ARyeJ) = BRY
1) IEY002I LABEL
GTO 30
$
1) IEY0131 SYNTAX
$
2) IEY0121 SUBSCRIPT
ERROR TYPES: The types of errors detected

and reported by Pa~se are described in the
following paragraphs.
For each error type,
the entire message which appears on the
source output is given; the condition code
and a d~scription of the causes of this
error follows the message.
lEY0011 ILLEGAL TYPE:
This message is
associated with the source module statement
when the type of a variable is not correct
for its usage.
Examples of situations in
which this message would b given are:
(1)
'Ihe variable in an Assigned GO TO statement
is not an integer vaciacle:
(2)
In an
assignment statement,
the variable on the
left of the equal sign is of logical type
and the expression on the right side is
not.
IEY002I LABEL: This message appears with a
stdtement which should be labeled and is
not.
Examples of such statements are:
(1)
A FOr.~~T statement: (2) The statement following a GO TO statement.
The condition
code for the error is 0:
IEY003I __ ~AM~ __ LE~~T~: The name of a variable, CO~MON block, NAMELIS'I, or subprogram
exceeds six characters in length.
If two'
variable names appear in an expression
without a separating operation symbol, this
message is produced. The condition code is
4.
IEY004I COMMA:
A comma is supposed to
appear in a statement and it does not.
The
condition code is o.
IEY0051 ILLEGAL LABEL:
The usage of a
label is invalid for example, if an attempt
is made to branch to the label of a FORMAT
statement,
ITLEGAL LABEL is produced.
The
condition code is 8.
I[Y006I DUPLICATE LABEL: A label appeari~g
in the label field of a statement 1S
already defined (has appeared in the label
field of a previous 8~atement). The condition code is 8.
!~!QQZ!_!Q_Q~f~!I:
The name of a variable or subprogram is used improperly, in
the sense that a previous statement or a
previous portion of the present statemE:'nt
has established a type for the nante,
and
the present usage is in conflict with that
type.
Examples of such situations are:
(1) The name listed in a CALL statement is
the name of a variable, not a SUbprogram:
(2) A single name appears more than once in
the dummy list of a statement function; (3.
A name listed in an EXTERNAL statement has
already been defined in another context.
lEY008I ALLOCATION:
Storage assignments
;pecllIed--Ey--a--source module statement
cannot be performed due to an inconsistency
between the present usage' of a variable
name and some prior usage of that name,
or
due to an improper usage of a name when it
first occurs
in
the
sourcE:'
module.
Examples of the situations causing the
error are:
(1) A name listed in a COMMON
block has been listed in another COM~ON
block: 2) A variable listed in an EQUIVALENCE statement is followed by more than
seven subscripts. The condition code is 8.
lEYOO~I ORDER:
The statements of a source
module are used in an improper sequence.
This message is produced,
for example.
when:
(1) An IMPLICIT statement appears as
anything other than the first or second
statemnt of the source module;
(2)
An
ENTRY statement appears within a DO loop.
IEYOI0I SIZE: A number used in the source

module does not conform to the legal values
for its use.
Examples are:
(1) 'The size
specification in an Explicit specification
statement is not one of the acceptable
values; (2) A label which is used in a
statem~nt exceeds the legal
for a
statement label; (3) An integer constant 1S
too large.
sIze
IEY011I
UNDIMENSIONED:
A variable name
subscripts follow
the name),
and the variable has not been
dimensioned.
IEY012I
SUBSCRIPT:
Indrcates-an-arraY-(I~e.,
The number of suban array reference is

either too large or too small for the
array.
scripts--used--in-
IEYOl3I SYNTAX: The statement or part of a

statement to which it refers does not
conform to FORTRAN IV syntax.
If a statement cannot be identified, this error message is used.
Other cases in which it
appears are:
(1) A non-digit appears in
the label field;
(2)
Fewer than three
ldbels follow the expression in an Arithmetic IF statement. The condition code is
e.
Section 2:
Co~piler
Operation
43
IEY014I CONVERT: In a DATA statement or in

an Explicit specification statement containing data values, the mode of the constant is different from the mode of the
variable with which it is associated.
The
compiler
converts the ~onstant to the
correct mode. Therefore, this message is
simply a notification to the programmer
that the conversion is performed.
The
The source module
IEY015I NO END CARQ:
does not contain an END statement.
The
IEY016I ILLEGAL STA.:
The statement to
which it is a~tached is invalid in the
context
in
which
it t-}as been used.
Examples of situations in which this message appears are:
(1) The statement S in a
Logical IF statement (the result of the
true condition) is a specification statement,
a DO statement, etc.; 2) An ENTRY
st.atement appears in the scurce module and
the source mod 1Jle is not a subprogram. The
A RETURN I
WRN
IEY017I ILLEGAL STA.
statement appears in any ~ource module
other than a SUBROUTINE subprogram. The
IEYOl8I NUMBER ARG:
A reference to a
library subprogram appears with the incorrect number of arguments
specified.
IEY027I CONTINUATION CARDS DELETED: More
than 19 continuation lines were read for 1
statement.
All
subsequent
lines are
skipped until the beginning of the next
statement is encountered.
The condition
code i:3 8.
IEY033I COMMENTS DELETED:
More than 30
comment lines were read between the initial
lines of 2 consecutive statements. The
31st comment line and all subsequent comment lines are skipped until the beginning
of the next statement is
encountered.
(Ther~
is no restriction cn the number of
comment lines preceding the first atatement.) The condition code is o.
IEY036I ILLEGAL LABEL WRN: The label on
thIS-nonexecutable-Statement has no valid
use beyond visual identification, and may
rroduce errors in the object module if the
same label is the target of a branch-type
statement.
(Only branches to executable
statements are valid.)
This message is
produced, for example, when an END statement is labeled. The message is issued as
a warning only. The condition code is 4.
IEY037I PREVIOUSLY DIMENSIONED
WRNn:
The
array--fIagged--has-~een-prevIously dimen-
sioned. The dimensions that were given

first are used.
Examples of this error are
(1) a DIMENSION statement defining an array
with a subsequent COMMON statement defining
the S.lme <Hr~y with new dimensions, or (2)>
array dimersions specified in a Type statement and also in a subsequent DIMENSION
and/or COMMON statement.
The condition
code is 4.
IEY038I SIZE WRN.: . A variable has data
initializing values that exceed the size of
the scalar,
the array, or the array element.
Examples of this error are (1)
the
specification HEAL A/'ABCDE'/ where A has
not been previously dimensioned (i.e., A is
a scalar), or (2) the specification
DATA A(1)/7H ABCDEFG/ where A has been
previously dimensicned. The condition code
is 4.
ALLOCATE (IEYALL)
Phase 2 of the compiler performs the

assignment of storage for the variables
defined in the source module. The. results
of the allocation operations are entered on
tables which are left in storage for the
next phase.
In addition, Allocate writes
(on option) the object module ESD cards,
the TXT cards for NAMELIST tables, literal
constants, and FORMAT statements, and produces
error messages and storage maps
(optionally) on the SYSPRINT data set.

operations of Allocate in two parts. The
first part, "Flow of Phase 2,R describes
the overall logic of the phase by ffieans of
narrative and flowcharts.
The second part, ROutput from Phase 2,"

describes the error messages and memory'
maps which are produced on the source
module listing during the operation of the
phase, as well as the ESD and TXT cards
produced.
It also describes the types of
error detection performed during Allocate.
Rolls manipulated by Allocate are listed

in Table 4, and are briefly described in
context.
Detailed descriptions of roll
structures are given in Appendix B.
'Iable
4.
Holls Used by Allocate
,-------------------T--------------------,
IRol1
IRoll
I
21
22
23
24
25
Roll Name
Source
Literal Const
Global Sprog
Temp
Do Loops Open
Init
Equiv Temp
EqlJiv Hold
Base Table
Array
Dmy Dimension
Entry Names
Global Dmy
26
Error Lb!
INo.
1
5
J
I 7
I 14
15
18
19
20
I~
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
1 48
,I
I
48
Roll Name
Halfword
Scalar
C~mmon Name
Implicit
Fquivalence
Offset
Lbl
Scalar
Data Var
Common Data
'Iemp
Namelist
Allocation
Common Area
Common Name
Temp
Equiv
Allocation
Common
Allocation
Format
Subchk
General
Allocation
I
I
I
I.
I
I
Local Dmy
I 49
Local Sprog
I
Explicit
I 50
Error Symbol
I
Namelist Names I 52
Namelist Items I
34 Branch Table
I 53
:3'1
Equivalence
I 60
37
Byte Scalar
I f.l8
38
Used Lib
I
Function
I
lI ____________________
39 Common Data
I ____________________
27
28
29
30
31
32
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
44.1

START ALLOCATION
(G0359) controls the
operation of the Allocate chase. The orimary function of this routine is to call
the subordinate routines which actually
perform the operations of the phase.
The operation of Allccate is divided
into three parts: the first part performs
initialization; the second part
(called
pass 1. makes an estimate of the number of
base table entries required to accommodate
the data in the object module; the third
part actually assigns storage locations for
the object module components, leaving indications of the assign~ent in main storage
for use by SUbsequent phases.
The first part of Allocate's operation
is performed by calling the routines ALPHA
LBl AND L SPROG,
PREP ECUIV AND PRINT
ERRORS,
BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION, PREP
. DMY DIM AND PRINT ERRORS, FRCCESS DO LOOPS,
PROCESS LBL AND LOCAL SPROGS, BUILD PROGRAM
ESD,
ENTRY
NAME
ALLOCA~ION,
COMMON
ALLOCATION AND OUTPUT, and ECUIV ALLOCATION
FRINT ERRORS.
prior to pass 1.
The BASI:. ~ABU; roll
groups are counted to determine the total
S1ze of the roll after qroups have been
added by pass 1; again, five ext.ra groups
(or ten words)
are added to the count to
provide for data values which will appear
in the object module, but which are not yet
defined_
The PASS 1 FLAG is theo turned
oif,
and START ALLOCATION calls
DEfUG
ALLOCATE,
ALPHA SCALAR ARRAY AND SPROG,
BASE AND BRANCH TABLE AILOC,
GLOBAL SPROG
ALLOC}~TE,
SCALAR ALLOCATE,
ARRAY ALLOCATE,
bUILD
NAMELIST TABLE,
LITERAL CONST ALLOCATION,
and FORMAT ALLOCATION.
At RELEASE ROILS, START ALLOCA~ION concludes its operation by releasing rolls,
increasing the PROGRAM BREAK to ensure that
the next base begins on a doubleword boundary,
and calling CALCULATE BASE AND DISP
and BUILD ADDITIONAL BASES in order to
guarantee that at least three bases are
allotted for the TEMP AND CONST roll.
After this calculatIon;-Allocate-prepares
for and relinquishes control to Unify.
ALPHA LBL AND L SPROGS, Chart CA

After return from EQUI'J ALLOCATION PRINT
ERRORS,
START ALLOCATION initializes for
and begins pass 1.
't'ht~
variable PROGRAM
fREAK,
which is used to maIntain the relative address being assigned to an object
roodule component,
is restored after being
destroyed during the allocation of COMMCN
and EQUIVALENCE.
The groups in the BASE
~ABL~--f0ll .(which "becomes the object module
base table) are counted, and the value ten
is added to this count to provide an
estimate of the size of the object module
case table.
The BASE TABLE roll is then
reserved so that groups added to the roll
can he separated from those used in the
count.
The value one is assigned to the
variable AREA CODE, indicating that storage
~o
be assigned is all relative to the
teginning of the obje=t module and carries
its ESD number.
This routine (G0543) is the first routine called by START AILOCA~ION.

It moves
the binary labels from the LBL roll and the
statement function names from the LOCAL
SPROG roll to the DATA VAR roll.
Th~ order
of the labels and statement function na~es
on their respective rolls is maintained,
and the location on the DATA VAR roll at
which each begins is recorded.
The names
are moved because Allocate destroys them in
storing allocation information,
and Exit
needs them for writing the object module
listing.
When
these operations are complete,
START ALLOCATION calls EASE AND BRANCH
~ABLE
ALLOC,
and upon return from this
routine again
increases
the
variable
PROGRAM BREAK by the amount of storage
allocated to EQUIVALENCE.
S~ART ALLOCATION
continues its operation by calling BUILD
ADDITIONAL EASES,
PREP NAMELIST.
SCALAR
ALLOCATE, ARRAY ALLOCATE,
PASS 1 GLOBAL
SPROG ALLOCATE,
SPROG
ARG ALLOCATION,
LITERAL
CONST
ALLOCATION
and
FORMA~
ALLOCATICN.
This routine moves the names of scalars,

arrays,
and called subprograms to the DATA
VAR roll from the rolls on which they are
placed by Parse.
The order of names is
preserved and the beginning location for
each type of name on the DATA VAR roll'is
saved.
After
the
operation of
FORMAT
ALLOCATICN, the last palt of Allocate is
begun.
The variable PROGRAM BREAK is reinitialized to the value it was assiqned
Subscript information on the EQUIVALENCE

OFFSET roll (which indicates the subscripts
used in EQUIVALENCE statements in
the
source module)
is used by this routine
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
45
(G0362) to calculate
the relative addresses of array elements referred to in
statements.
(Pointers to the EQUIVALENCE
CFFSET roll are found on the 2Q!Y~~~~~~
roll for all subscripted references in
EQUIVALENCE statements.)
the
addresses
computed are relative to the beginning of
the array. When an array reference in a
source module EQUIVALENCE statement is outside the array, designates an excessive
number of dimensions, or specifies too few
dimensions, an error message is printed by
this routine.
On encountering information on the DO

LOOPS OPEN roll, this routine records the
undefined labels for listing as DO loop
errors, and (on option) lists them.
It
also sets the high order bit of the tAG
field of the tBL roll group which refers to
the undefined-rabel-to zero; this indicates
to Gen that the loop is not closed.
BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION, Chart CC
This routine (G0312) conatructs

th~
PRANCH TABLE r2!!, which ia to become the
object module branch table.
The routine
first pro~esses the LBL roll. For' each
branch target label found on thAt roll, a
new BRANCH TABLE roll group is constructed,
and the label on the LSL roll is replaced
with a pointer to the group constructed.
Undefined labels are also detected and
printed during this process.
This routine (G0361) controls the allocation of data specified in DATA, COMMON,
DIMENSION, EQUIVALENCE, and type statements
in a BLOCK DATA subprogram. Since all data
specified in EQUIVALENCE must be allocated
under COMMON,
this routine registers an
error upon encountering on the EQUIVALENCE
roll.
the routine terminates with a jump
to RELEASE RCLLS (G0360), which,
in turn,
terminates the Allocate phase.
PREP DMY DIM AND PRINT ERP.CRS, Chart CD
When this operation is complete, the

LOCAL SPROG roll (which lists the names of
alr-statem~nt-functions) is inspected,
and
for each statement function, a group is
added to the BRANCH TABLE roll, and part of
the statement function name is placed with
a poi~ter to the constructed group.
This routine (G036S) constructs the ~

DIMENSION roll, placing a ~ointer to the
ENTRY ~AMES--rol! group defining the ENTRY
with which a dummy array is connected, and
a pointer to the array for each dummy array
cor.taining a dummy dimension.
Before the roll is constructed, this
routine ensures that each array having
dummy dimensions is itself a dummy, and
that each dummy dimension listed for the
array is either in COMMON or is a global
dummy variable in the same call. If any of
these conditions are not satisfied, error
messages are written.
This
routine (G0314) constructs and
punches t.he ESO cards for the object ~lIodule
itself (the program name) and for each
ENTRY
to the object module.
It also
assigns main storage locations to
the
object module heading by increasing the
PROGRAM BREAK by the amount of storage
required.
PROCESS 00 LOOPS, Chart CE

This routine (G0311) inspects the DO
LOOPS OPEN roll for the purpos~ of determ1n1ng whether DO loops opened by the
source module have been left unclosed; that
is, whether the terminal statement of a DO
loop has been omitted from the source
~odule.
The 00 LOOPS CPEN roll holds
pointers to labels of target statements for
DO loops until the loops are closed. If
any information is present on this roll,
loops have been left unclosed.
46
Thi5 routine (G031b) does nothing if the

source module is other than a FUNCTION
subprogram. If, however, the source module'
is a FUNCTION, this routine places the
names of all ENTRYs to the source module on
the
EQUIVALENCE
roll
as
a Single
EQUIVALENCE set; it also ensures that the
ENTRY name has been used as a scalar 1n the
routine.
If the variable has not been
used, an appropriate error message
is
printed and the scalar variable is defined
by this routine.
COMMON ALLOCAT:ON AND OUTPUT, Chart CI

This routir~ (G0377) allocates all COMMON storage, one block at a time, generating the COMMOfJ ALLOCATION roll (which holds
the name, base--pointer;--and- displacement
for all COM~ON variables) in the process.
Groups are add0d to the BASE TABLE roll as
they are requj-ed to provide for references
to variables ~n COMMON. The ESO cards for
COMMON are constructed and written out.
All errors in ('OMMON allocation are written
on the source listing and the map of COMMON
storage is al~o written (on option).
EQUIV ALLOCAT!')N PRINT ERRORS, Chart CK

This routine (G0381) allocates storage
for EQUIVALENCE variables, creating the
EQUIVALENCE ALLOCATION roll in the process.
For each variable appearing in an EQUIVALENCE set, except for EQUIVALENCE variables
which refer to COMMON (which have been
removed from the EQUIVALENCE roll during
the allocation of COMMON storage), the name
of the variable and its
address
are
recorded.
The information pertaining to EQUIVALENCE sets is stored on the EQUIV ALLOCATION roll in order of ascending addresses.
Required bases are added to the BASE TABLE
roll,
and all remaining EQUIVALENCE errors
arE' printed.
allocates storage for the variables listed

on the roll, except for those which are in
COMMON or members of EQUIVALENCE sets. The
first time SCALAR ALLOCATE operates, it
determines the number of base table entries
required to accommodate references to the
object module scalar variables. The information on the SCALAR roll is not altered,
nor is any other roll built or modified by
the routine.
At the second operation of the routine,
the SCALAR roll is modified, and the actual
storage locations (represented by the base
pointer and displacement) to be occupied by
the scalar variable are either computed and
stored on the SCALAR roll or copied from
the COMMON or EQUIV ALLOCATION roll to the
SCALAR roll.
All "call by name" dummy variables are
placed on the FULL WORD SCALAR roll; as
each. remaining scalar is inspected, its
mode is determined.
If it is of size 8 or
16 (double-precision real or single- or
double-precision complex), storage is allocated immediately.
If t~e variable does
not require doubleword alignment,
it is
moved to one of three rolls depending on
its size:
FULL WORD SCALAR, HALF WORD
SCALAR, or BYTE SCALAR.
When all groups on the SCALAR roll have
been
processed
in
this
manner,
the
variables on the FULL WORD SCALAR roll,
then the HALF WORD SCALAR roll, then the
BYTE SCALAR roll are assigned storage. The
map of scalars is produced (on option)
by
this routine.
BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOC. Chart CL

ARRAY ALLOCATE, Chart CN
This routioe
(G0437)
assigns
main
storage for the object module save area,
base table, and branch table. The required
base table entries are added as needed,
PROGRAM BREAK is increased, and the base
pointer and displacement for each of these
arE'as is recorded in a save area for use by
Gen.
During pass 1 of Allocate,
this
assignment of storage is tentative and
depends on the estimate of the size of the
ba~e table.
The second time this routine
is opera Led,
the actual number of base
tal)le entries required in the object module
has been determined by pass 1 and the space
allocation is final.
SCALAR ALLOCATE, Chart CM

Each grou[ on the SCALAR
roll
is
inspected by this routine (G0397), which
defines all nonsubscripted variables.
It
This routine (G0401), like SCALAR ALLOCATE, is called twice by START ALLOCATE.
The first time it is called, it determines
the number of base table entries required
for references to the object module arrays.
The second time the routine is operated, it
actually assigns storage for the arrays,
and records the appropriate base pointer
and displacement on the ARRAY roll.
As each array name is found on the ARRAY
roll, it is compared with those on the
COMMON, EQUIV, and GLOBAL DMY rolls.
For
COMMON and EQUIVALENCEd arrays, the allocation information is copied from the appropriate roll.
Since all du~my arrays are
call by name" dummies, dummy array groups
are always replaced with pointers to the
GLOBAL DMY roll.
For each array to be
assigned storage, new base table entries
are constructed as required.
In no case is
more than one base used for a single array.
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
47
Since arrays are allocated in the order

of their appearance, some unused storage
space may appear between consecutive arrays
due to the required alignment.
The array
map
is
produced (on option) by this
routine.
literal constants in the object module.

The
second
operation
of the routin p
actually assigns storage for all llLeral
constants (except those appearing in s(jurc~
module
DATA and PAUSE statements) and
writes (on option) the TXT cards for them.
This routine (G0402) counts the groups

on the GLOBAL SPROG and USED LIB FUNCTION
rolls (which hold, respectively, the nonlibrary
and
library
subprogram names
referred to in the source module) to determine the number of base table entries
required for references to the subprogram
addresses region of the object module. The
required BASE TABLE roll groups are added.
This routine (G044S) is called twice by

START ALLOCATION. The first time it is
called is during the operation of pass 1.
In pass 1, the PROGRAM BREAK is increased
by the number of bytes occupied by each
FORMAT.
SPROG ARG ALLOCATION, Chart CP

This routine (G0442) adds the number of
arguments to subprograms (and thus, the
number of words in the argument list area
of the object module) to the PROGRAM BREAK,
thus allocating storage for this portion of
the object module. BASE TABLE roll groups
are added as required.
PRF.P NAMELIST, Chart CQ

This
routine (G0443) determines the
amount of main storage space required for
each object module NAME LIST table. The
NAMELIST ALLOCATION roll is produced during
this routine's operation; it contains, for
each NAMELIST data item, the name of the
item and a pointer to the SCALAR or ARRAY
roll group defining it.
If any data name
mentioned in a NAMELIST is not the name of
a scalar or array, the appropriate error
message is printed by this routine.
The NAMELIST NAMES roll is left holding
the NAfvjELIST name and the absolute location
of
the beginning of the corresponding
object module NAMELIST table.
Required
BASE TABLE roll groups are added by this
routine.
The second time that FORMAT ALLOCATION

is called, each FORMAT is written out and
the FORMAT roll is rebuilt. The base and
displacement information and a pointer to
the label of the FORMAT statewent are the
contents of the rebuilt ~ORMAT group. The
map of the FORMAT statements used in the
ob;ect module is also written out (on
option) by this routine.
EQUIV MAPL Chart CT

This routine (G0441) adjusts the values
on the EQUIVALENCE ALLOCATION roll to the
corrected (for the correct allocation of
the base table, since this routine operates
after the completion of pass 1) base pointer and displacement, and constructs the
BASE TABLE roll groups required.
The map
of EQUIVALENCE variables is produced (on
option) by this routine.
GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE, Chart CU

This routine (G0403) goes through the
GLOBAL SPROG and USED LIB FUNCTION rolls,
inserting the base pointer and displacement
for each of the subprograms listed there;
this is the allocation of storage for the
subprogram addresses region of the object
module.
The ESDcards for the subprograms
are written, the required BASE TABLE roll
groups are added, and a list of the subprograms called is produced (on option).
BUILD NAMELIST
This routine (G0444) is called twice by
START ALLOCATION. Its first operation determines the number of BASE TABLE roll.
groups which should be added to cover the
48
TABL~har~
CV
This routine (G040S) operates after pass

1 of Allocate. It uses the NAMELIST NAMES
roll in determining the base and displace-
~ent
for each NAMELIST reference in the

source module. The BASE TAELE roll groups
are added as required. !he PROGRAM BREA~
is increased as indicated, and the TXT
cards ar~ written out ~cccr~ing to the base
and
displacement calculations for each
entry on the NAMELIST ALLOCATION roll.
A
map of the NAMELIST tableb is produced (on
option) ty this routine.
ENTRY is defined.
If no such scalars are
listed on the SCALAR roll, the wessage
UNDEFINED
FU t~C'fI Ot~
is written on the source module listing.

The message is followed by a list of the
The condition cede is 4.
undefined names.
~Q~Q~ __ ~~~Q~~:
This routine (G0438) is called whenever

~ay be necessary to construct a new BASE
~ABLE
rell group. It determines whether a
new base is required and, if s~, constructs
it.
it
DEBUG
Errors of
two types can
exist in the definitions of EVUIVALENCE
sets which refer to the COMMON area.
The
first type of error exists because of a
contradiction in the allocation specified,
e.g., the EQUIVALENCE sets
(A,B(6),C(2)
and
(B(8),C(1).
The second error type is
due to an attempt to extend thp beginning
of the COMMON arEa, as in COMMON A,B,C and
EQCIVALENCE (A,F(lO.
ALLOCAT~~!:L.'~
This routine (GOS4~)

processes
the
intorrration on the INIT and SUBCHK rolls,
rrarking the groups on the SCALAR,
ARRAY,
and GLOBAL DMY rolls which define the
variables listed.
When all the information
on the SUBCHK roll has been precessed,
the
routine returns.
An ad~itional error in the assignment of

COMMON storage occurs if the source program
attempts to allocate a variable to a
location which does not fallon the appropriate
boundary.
Since each COMMON block is
assumed to begin on a double-precision
boundary,
this error can be produced in
either (or both) the COMMON statement ana
an EQUIVALENCE statpment which refers to
COMMO~.
OUTPUT FROM PHASE 2

The following paragra~hs describe the
output from Allocate:
error
messages,
maps,
and cards.
Allocate also produces
roll entries describing the assignment of
rnain storage. See Appendix B for descriptions of the roll formats.
The source module listing, with error

indications and error messages for the
errors detected during initial processing
of the source statements, is produced by
phase 1 of the compiler.
Certain program
errors can occur, however, which cannot be
detected until storage allocation takes
place.
These errors are detected and
reported (if a listing has been requested),
at the end of the listing by ALLOCATE;
the
error messages are described in the following paragraphs.
FUNCTION ERROR:
When the program being
compiled is a FUNCTION subprogram, a check
is made to determine whether a scalar with
the same name as the FUNCTION and each
When each block of COMMON

been allocated, the message
IEY020I CGMMON BLOCK /
storage
has
/ ERRORS
is printed if any error has been detected

(the block name is provided).
The message
is followed by a list of the variables
which could not be allocated due to the
errors.
Unclosed DO LOOps
If DO loops are initiated in the SOULce
module, but their terminal statements do
not exist,
Allocate finds pointers to the
labels of the nonexistent terminal statements on the DO LOOPS OPEN roll.
If
pointers are found on the roll, the message
IEY021I UNCLOSED DC LOOPS
is printed,
followed by a list of the
labels which appeared 1n DO statements and
were not defined in the source module.
The
conditidn code is 8.
Section 2:
compiler Operation
49
UNDEFINED LAEELS:
If any latels are used
in the source module but are not defined,
they constitute label errors.
Allocate
checks for this situation. At the conclusion of this check, the messaqe
BLOCK DATA ERRORS: If variables specifi~d

within the BLOCK DATA subprograrr have not
also been defined as COMMON, they con5titute errors. The message
IEY0261
BLOCK DATA PROGRAM ERRORS
IEY0221 UNDEFINED LABELS

is printed.
If there are undefined labels
used in the source module, they are listed
on the lines following the mssage.
The
EQUlyALENC~ __ ~:
Allocation errors due
to the arrangement of EQUIVALENCE statements
which
do
not refer to COM~CN
variables may have two causes.
The first
of these is the conflict between two EQUIVALENCE sets: for example, (A,B(6),C(3 and
(BP3),C(l)).
The second is due to incompatibl~ boundarl alignment. in the EQUIVALENCE set. The
first variable in each EQUIVALENCE set is
assigned to its appropriate toundary, and a
record is kept of the size of the variable.
Then,
as each variable in the set is
~rocessed, if any
variable of a greater
size requires alignment, the .entire set is
moved accordingly.
If any variable is
encountered of the size which caused the
last alignment, or of lower size, and that
variable is not on the a~~ropriate boundary, this error has occurred.
If EQUIVALENCE errors of either of these
types occur, the message
IEY0231 EQUIVALENCE
ALLOCA~ION
ERRORS
is printed. The message is followed by a

list of the variables which could not be
allocated according to source module specifications. The condition code is 4.
Another class of EQUIVALENCE error is
the specification,
in an E~UIVALENCE set,
of an array element ~hich is outside the
array.
These errors are summarized under
the heading
IEY024I EQUIVALENCE DEFINITION ERRORS
on the source module listing.
tion code is 4.
The
condi-
is producej on the source module

summarization
followed
by
a
variables in error. The condition
listing
of the
cod~
is
4.
Allocate produces the storage map5 described below during its operations; these
maps are printed only if the MAP option is
specified by the prograwmer.
COMMON MAP: The map of each COMMON blocK
is produced by Allocate. The map is headed
by two title lines: the first of these is
COMMON / name / MAP SIZE n
and the second is the pair of words
SYMBOL LOCATION
printed five times across the line. The
title lines are followed by a list of the
variables assigned to the COMMCN block and
their relative addresses, five variables
per line,
in order of ascending relative
addresses. The name contained within the
slashes is the name of the COMMON block.
The amount of core occupied by the block
(nt is given in hexadecimal and represents
the number of bytes occupied.
Allocate prints a list of the subprograms called by the source module being
compiled. This list is printed only if the
MAP option is specified by the programmer.
The subprogram list is headed by th~ line
SUBPROGRAMS CALLED
and contains the names of the subroutines
and functions referred to in the source
module.
DUMMY DIMENSION ERRORS: If variables specified as dummy array di~e~sions are not in
CO~MON and are not global dummy
variables,
they constitute errOTS. These are summarized under the heading
SCALAR MAP: The scalar map is produced by

Allocate-and consists of two title lines,
the first o~ which reads
IEY025I
SCALAR MAP
DUMMY DIMENSION EFRCRS
on the source module listing.

tion code is 4.
50
The
condi-
and the second of which is identical to the

second title line of the COMMON maps. The
title is followed by a list of the nonCOMMON scalar variables, five variables per
line,
and their relative addresses,
in
crder of ascending relative addresses.
ARRAY MAP:
The
array map reads
first
titl~
line of the
ESD, type 1 - contains the entry point to a

SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION subprogram, or the name tipecified in
the NAME option', or the name
MAIN. The name designated on the
card indicates where control is
given to begin execution of the
mod ule.
ARRAY. MAP
In all other respects,
the array
identical to the scalar ma~.
map
is
~VALENC; __ MAP:
The first title line of

the map of ECUIVALENCE sets reads
ESD. type 2 - contains the names of subprograms referred to in the source

module
oy
CALL
statements,
EXTERNAL
statements,
~x~licit
function references, ~nd implicit
function referen~es.
EQUIVALENCE tATA MAP

The second line for both maps is standard.
The variables listed in the EQUIVALENCE map
are those not defined as COMMON.
ESD, type 5 - contains infor~ation

each COMMON block.
NAMElIST M~~: This map shows the locations

of the NAMELIST tables. The first title
line reads
The 7XT cards produced during this phase

fill the following areas of the object
module:
NAMELIST MAP
The NAMELIST tables
and the second line is standard.

The
symbol listed is the ~AMFLIST name associated with each of the tables.
The literal constants
MAP: This map gives the labels and

locations of FORMAT staterrents. The first
title line is
about
The FORMAT statements
FOR~T
FORMAT STATEMENT r"AP
The other TXT cards required for the

object module are produced by later phases
of the compiler.
and the second tltle is the same as the

others described. The symcol listed is the
label of the FORMAT, statement.
Cards Produced by Allocate
Allocate
produces both ESO and TXT'
cards, provided that a DECK option or a
LOAD option has been specified by the
programmer. All ESD cards required by the
object modul~ are produced during this
phase. These include cards for the CSECT
in which the object module is contained for
each CO~MON block and for each subprogram
referred to by the object module.
The ESD cards that are produced by
Allocate are given in the follOWing order
according to type:
ESD, type 0 - contains the name of the
program and indic~te8 the beginning of the object module.
The third phase of the compiler optimizes the subscripting operations perfor~ed
by the object module by deciding, on the
basis of frequency of use, which subscript
expressions within DO loops are to appear
in general registers, and which are to be
maintained in storage.
'l'he following paragraphs, "Flow of Phase
3, describe the operation of Unify by
means of narrative and flowcharts.
The rolls manipulated by Unify
are
listed in Table 5 and are mentioned in the
following discussion of the phase; these
rolls are briefly described in context.
See Appendix B for a complete description
of any roll used in the phase.
section 2:
compiler Operation
51
Table
5.
Rolls Used by Unify
r--------------------T--------------------,
I Roll Number
Roll Name
I
I
2
I)
I
4
I
1)
I
14
I
20
21
I
22
I
I
52
)
I
)
I
J~
Nonstd Script
Nest Script
loop Script
Std Script
~emp
J
J
Reg
I
Ease Table
I
Array
I
Loop Control
,
5ij
Script,
55
loop Data
I
56
Program Script I
57
Array Ref
I
_______________________________________
JJ
58
Adr Const

START UNIFY (G0111) controls the operation of t.his phase of the compiler.
It.
initializes for the phase by setting the
~roper number of groups on
the ARRAY REF
roll to zero (this function is performed by
the routine ARRAY REF ROIL ALLOTMENT) and
moving the information transmitted on the
PROGRAM SCRIPT roll to the SCRIPT roll.
When the initialization is complete, the
reserve blocks on the SCRIPT roll are in
order from the outermost lco~ of the last
source module DO nest (at the top of the
roll) to the innermost loop of the first
source module DO nest (at the bottom of the
roll).
After initialization, S~ART U~IFY begins
the optimizing process ty inspecting the
last group of a reserve block on the SCRIP~
roll; a value of zero in this group indicates the end of the SCRIP~ roll information. When the value is nonzero, DO NEST
UNIFY is called to process the information
for an entire nest of CO lco~s. On return
from this routine, the nest bas been processed; the count of tem~orary storage
locations required is updated, and START
UNIFY repeats its operations for the next
nest of loops.
When all loops have been processed,
START UNIFY makes a complete pass on the
ARRAY REF roll, .setting up the instruction
format fer the array references from pointers which have been left on the roll
(CONVERT TO INST FORMAT actually sets up
the instruction fields). When all groups
on the ARRAY REF roll have been processed,
a jump is made to CONVERT ~O ADR CONST.
This routine sets up groups as required on
the ADR CONST roll from data on the LOOP
CUNTROL--roII-.---When the LOOP CONTROL roll
has been processed, this routine-termInates
the Unify phase by calling Gen.
. 52
This routine (G014S) constructs

the
ARRAY REF roll.
The groups on this roll
are initialized with values
of
zero.
Pointers to the roll have been placed on
the SCRIPT roll and in the Polish notation
by Parse, b~t information has not actually
been put on the roll before this routine is
called. The number of groups req~ired has
been transmitted from Parse.
This routine (G01l) constructs the ADR

CONST roll from the base address infJrmation on the LOOP CONTHOL roll.
When the third word of the LOOP CONTROL
roll group contains an area code and displacement, ~nify requires a base address
which it does not find in the base table.
Since no values can be added to th~ base
table by Unify, the required value must be
placed in the temporary storage and constant area of the object module.
The ADR
CONST roll holds the information required
for Exit to place the value in a tempor~ry
storage and constant location and to produce the RLD card required to ge~ the
proper modification of the value in that
location at load time. This routine builds
that information on the ADR CONST roll. by
allocating the temporary storage and constant locations for the area codes and
displacement values it finds on thp Leop
CONTROL roll.
See Appendix B for further
explanation of the rolls involved.
This routine (G0112) sets up the first

word (zero rung) of each ARRAY REF roll
group by testing the contents of the later
words (the register rungs) of the same,
roll.
The result is the skeleton of the
instruction ~o be used for
an
array
reference. When the second and third words
of the group point to a general register,
they are shifted into the appropriate position and inserted into the zero rung.
(See
Appendix B for the configuration of the
ARRAY REF roll group.) At each entry to
this routine, one word is processed and
that word is cleared to zero before the
routine exits.
DO NEST UNIFY, Chart DD

This routine (G0115) first initializes
for the processing of one nest of DO loops.
For each DO loop, a reserve block exists On
the SCRIPT roll and one group exists on the
LOOP DATA roll.
These blocks and groups
are ordered so that, reading from the
bottom of the rolls up, a nest level of one
indicates the end of a nest of loops; that
is, for each nest, the bottom block represents the inner loop and the top block
represents the outer loop.
Gen produces object code from the Polish

notation and roll,information left by previous phases of the compiler.
The code
produced by this phase appears, one statement at a time, on the CODE roll, and is
saved there until it is written out by
EXIT.
DO NEST UNIFY serves a control function

in this phase, arranging information to be
processed by DO LOOP UNIFY and LEVEL ONE
UNIFY; it is these latter routines which
actually perform the optimization of subscripting by means of register assignment.
The main result of the optimization is that
in the initialization code for each loop,
only that portion of each subscript which
depends on the DO
loop
variable
is
computed.
The rolls man1pulated by Gen are listed

in Table 6 and are mentioned in the following description of the phase: these rolls
are briefly described in context.
See
Appendix B for a complete description of
all of the rolls used in the phase.
DO LOOP UNIFY expects to find a reserved

block on the bottom of the NEST SCRIPT roll
describing a loop one nest level deeper
than the loop described by the bottom
reserved block on the SCRIPT roll. Moreover, both the block on the SCRIPT roll and
the block on the NEST SCRIPT roll must
already reflect the allocation of arrays by
Allocate; that is,
both blocks must have
heen processed by NOTE ARRAY ALLOCATION
DATA, another routine called by DO NEST
UNIFY. This arrangement is required so
that DO LOOP UNIFY can pass information
from the loop beinq processed (on the NEST
SCRIPT roll) to the next outer loop (on the
~)CRIPT roll).
The following paragraphs, "Flow of Phase

4," describe the operation of this phase by
Table
6.
Rolls Used by Gen
r--------------------T--------------------,
I Roll
I R911
I
INa.
1
4
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
15
16
17
18
22
23
Roll Name
Source--Polish
Fx Canst
FI Canst
Dp Canst
Complex Const
Dp Complex
Canst
Temp
Do Loops Open
Loops Open
Temp and Canst
Adcon
Data Save
Array
Dmy Dimension
1~2~
I 24
I 25
Roll Name
Entry~es
Global Dmy
34 'Branch Table
36 Fx Ac
40 Terrp Pntr
42 FI Ac
43 Lbl
44 Scalar
45 Data Var
52 Loop Control
55 Loop Data
56 Array Plex
57 Array Ref
59 At
62 Code
I 63 After polish
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
L..J
Sprog Arg
____________________
~ ____________________ J
A special case is made of the reserved

block describing a loop of nest level one,
since there is no outer loop to which
information can be passed.
The routine'
LEVEL ONE UNIFY processes in place of DO
LOOP UNIFY in this case; it expects to find
the reserved block describing the level one
loop on the NEST SCRIPT roll.
IEYROL MODULE
The IEYROL module is loaded into main
storage by program fetch, along with the
Invocation phase and the five processing
phases.
It contains two static rolls (the
WORK roll and the EXIT roll), roll statistics, group stats, and the ROLL ADR table.
Throughout the operation of the compiler,
it maintains a record of the storage space
allocated by the control program to the
dynamic rolls.

START GEN (G0491) initializes for the
operation of the Gen phase.
It then calls
ENTRY CODE GEN to produce the object heading code and PROLOGUE GEN and EPILOGUE GEN
for the required prologues and epilogues.
On return from EPILOGUE GEN, START 'GEN
falls through to GEN PROCESS.
GEN PROCESS (G0492) controls the repetitive operations of Gen.
It first calls GET
POLISH, which moves the Polish notation for
one statement from the AFTER POLISH roll to
the POLISH roll.
Using the Polish notation
just moved, GEN PROCESS determines whether
the statement to be processed was labeled;
if it was,
the routine LBL PROCESS is
called.
If the source statement was not
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
53
labeled, or when LBL PROCESS returns, GEN

PROCESS calls STA GEN and ST~ GFN F1NISH.
On return from STA GEN FINISH, GEN PROCESS
restarts.
The termination of the Gen phase of the
compiler occurs when an END statement has
been processed. END STA GEN jumps directly
to TERMINATE PHASE after the object code is
produced, rather than returning to GEN
PROCESS. TERMINATE PHASE is described in
Chart EG and in the accompanying text.
ENTRY CODE GEN (G0499) first determines

whether the source module is a subprogram.
If it is not, the heading code for a main
program is placed on the CODE roll, the
location counter is adjusted, and the routine returns.
If the source module is a subprogram,
ENTRY CODE GEN determines the number of
entries to the subprogram, generates code
for the main entry and for each secondary
entry and, when all required entry code has
been produced, it then returns.
PROLOGUE GEN (GOS04) processes the main

entry and each additional ENTRY to the
source subprogram, producing the required
prologues.
Prologue code transfers arguments as required and is, therefore, not
produced if no arguments are listed for the
ENTRY. The prologue code terminates with a
branch to the code for the appropriate
entry point to the subprogram; in preparation for the insertion of the address of
that entry point, this routine records the
location of the branch instruction on the
ENTRY NAMES roll. If the source module is
not a subprogram, PROLOGUE GEN exits.
EPILOGUE GEN (GOSOS) processes the main

entry and each additional ENTRY to a subprogram, producing the required epilogues.
Epilo9ue code returns argument values and
returns to the calling program. If this
routine determines that the source module
is not a subprogram, main program prologue
and epilogue code are produced.
This routine (G0712) moves the Polish

notation for a single statement from the
. S4
AFTER POLISH roll to the POLISH roll.

The
Polish notation is moved from the beginning
of the AFTER POLISH roll, and a pointer is
maintained to indicate the pobition on Lhe
roll at which the next statement be3ins.
~:
Unlike the other rolls, data from

the AFTER POLISH roll is obtained on a
first-in first-out basis (i.e., the BASE
rather than the BOTTOM pointer is used).
This is done to maintain the sequence of
the source program.
LBL PROCESS (G0493) stores the label

pointer left on the WORK roll by GEN
PROCESS in STA LBL BOX. It then inspects
the LBL roll group defining the label, and
determines whether the label is a jump
target.
If so~ the base register table is
cleared to indicate that base values must
be reloaded.
If the label is not the target of a
jump, or when the base register table has
been cleared, the AT roll is inspected.
For each AT roll entry (and, therefore, AT
statement) referring to the labelej statement being processed, made labels are constructed for the debug code and for the
next instruction in line, pOinters to these
labels are recorded on the AT roll, and an
unconditional branch to the debug code is
placed on the CODE roll.
When all AT references to the present
label have. been processed, an instruction
is placed on the CODE roll to inform Exit
that a label was present and that a branch
table entry may be required. Then, if the
trace flag is on (indicating the presence
of the TRACE option in the source DEBUG
statement), the debug linkage for TRACE and
the binary label are placed on the CODE
roll. If the trace flag is off, or when
the code has been completed, LBL PROCESS
returns.
STA GEN (GOS1S) uses the control driver

left on the WORK roll by GEN PROCESS to
index into a jump table (STA RUN TABLE>,
jumping to the appropriate routine for
constructing the object code for the specific type of statement being processed.
This operation is called a "run" on the
driver; other "runs" occur in Gen for
building specific instructions
or
for
generating data references.
The names of the code generating routines indicate the functions they perform;
for example, assignment statements are processed by ASSIGNMENT STA GEN, while GO !O
statements are processed by GO TO STA GEN.
1hese routines construct the code for the
statement on the CODE roll and,
when the
code is com~lete, return to GEN PROCESS.
Table
1.
Rolls Used by Exit
r------------------T----------------------,
I Roll Numver
I
Roll Narn~
I
I
I
1
16
17
I
I
20
END STA GEN processes the END statement

and provides the normal termination of the
Gen phase by jumping to TERMINATE PHASF
~fter producing the code.
!he code prod~ced for the END statement is identical to
that for the STOP staterrent if a main
rrogram is being compiled or a RETURN
statement if a subprogram is being com~iled.
If an AT statement precedes the
END, an unconditional hranch instruction is
canst ructed to ret'lrn t ron the debug code
to the main line of code.
23
38
45
46
Sl
S2
58
62
__________________
~
Global Sprng
I
Temp and const
I
ADCoN
!
CSECT
I
Sprog Arg
Used Lib FUllction
BCD
Base ~able
RLD
Branch Tatle
Adr Const
Code
______________________
J
TERMINATE PHASE (GOS4U) prepares for and

calls the Exit phase of the compiler.
STA GEN FINISH, Chart EH

STA GEN FINISH (G0496) determines whether the present statement is the clOSing
statement of any DO loops; if it is, this
routine generates the cooe required for the
CO loop closing and repeats the check for
additional loops to be closed.
The routine EXIT PASS (G0381) controls

the operation of this phase.
After initializing, this routine calls PUNCH NAME LIST
MPY DATA and PUNCH TEMP AND CONS';' ROLL.
The routine PUNCH ADR CONST ROLL is then
called and, if an object roodule listing ~.. as
requested, the heading for that t~sting is
written out.
When all DO closings have been processed, STA GEN FINISH resets pointers to
temporary locations,
clears accumulators,
and returns to GEN PROCESS.
After this operation,

EXIT PASS calls
PUNCH
CODE
ROLL,
records the rnerrory
requirements for the code, and prints the
compiler
statistics.
PUNCH BASE HOIL,
PUNCH BRANCH ROLL, PUNCH SPROG AT~G kOIL.
PUNCH GLOBAL SPROG ROLL, PUNCH USED LIBHAHY
ROLL, PUNCH ADCON ROLL, ORDER AND PUNCH RLD
order.
On return from the last of these l
EXIT PASS releases rolls and exits to the
Invocation phase of the compiler.
ROLl.. ,
EXIT (IEYEXT)
and PUNCH END CAPJ) are
th~n
called in
Exit produces the SYSPUNCH and/or SYSLIN

output requested by the programmer,
except
for the ESO cards and TXT card produced by
the Allocate phase. It also produces the
listing of the object module on SYSPRINT,
if it has been requested by the programmer.
The description of this phase of the
compiler is divided into two parts.
The
first of these,
Flow of ~hase 5, describes the overall logic cf the phase by
The second part of the description of
the phase, Output from Phase 5, describes
the output written by the phase.
The rolls used by Exit are listed in
Table 1, and are briefly described in
context. For further dp.8cription of rolls,
see Appendix B.
This routine (G0382)

initializes the
location counter for the temporary storage
and constant area of the Object module e
It
then initializes a pointer to the TEMP AND
CONST roll and begins the processing of
that roll from top to bottom.
Each group
on the roll is moved to the output area;
when the output area is full, a TX'I' card is
written.
When the entire TEMP AND CONST
roll has been processed, a jump is made to
PUNCH PARTIAL TXT CARD, which writes out
any partial TXT card remain1ng in the
output area and returns to EXIT PASS.
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
55
CARD is made; that routine writ~s out any

incomplete 'I'XT card which may be in the
output area, and returns to EXI1 P~S~.
The information on the ACR CONST roll is
used by this routine (G0383) to produce TXT
cards for tem~orary storage and constant
area locations which contain addresses.
RLD roll entries are also ~roduced to cause
correct modification of thcse locations by
the linkage editor. The beginning address
of the temporary storage and constant area
is computed. Then, for each ADR CONST roll
entry, the TEMP AND CONS~ roll pointer is
added to that value to produce the address
at which an address constant will
be
stored.
This address is ~laced in the ~X~
card and on the RLD roll,
the address
constant from the ADR CONS~ roll initializes that location, and the area code from
the ADR CONST roll is rlaced on the RLD
roll.
(See Appendix B for roll descriptions.)
~H
CODE ROLL, Chart FC
PUNCH CODE ROLL (G0384) initializes a

location counter and a pointer to the CODE
roll.
Inspecting one group at a time, it
determines the nature of the word.
If it
is a statement number,
PUNCH CODE ROLL
simply stores it and repeats the operation
with the next word.
If a group is a constant, it is placed
in the output area for SYSPUNCH and/or
SYSLIN.
This category includes literals
which appear in-line and, thus,
the constant to be written, may occupy several
groups on the roll.
Groups representing code are placed in
the output area and, if an object module
listing has been requested,
the
line
entered into the output area is listed
before it is punched. The cont~nts of the
rATA VAR roll are used fcr the listing of
the operands.
PUNCH BASE ROLL, Chart FD

PUNCH BASE ROLL (G0399) initializes a
pointer to the BASE TABLE roll and ini~ial
izes the location counter to the beginning
address of the object module base table.
It then enters each group on th~ 8ASE TABL~
roll into the TXT card output' atea; it also
records the object module ESD number and
the location counter on the RLD roll for
later
production of the
rtLD
cards.
Whenever the output area is full, a TXT
card is written.
When all groups on the
BASE TABLE roll have been processed, the
routine makes 3 jurrp to PUNCH PARTIAL TXT
CARD, which writes out any incomplete card
in the output area and returns to EXIT
PASS.
This routine (G0400) first initializEs a

pointer to thp. BRANCH TABLE roll, and the
location counter to the beginning location
of the otject module branch table.
When
these operations are COmpleted, the routine
inspects the BRANCH TABLE roll from top to
bottom, making the requisite entries on the
RLD roll and entering the addresses tram
the roll in the TXT card output area.
~X~
cards are written when the output area is
full.
When ali BRANCH TABLE roll g~oups
have been processed, the routine jumps to
any incomplete card in the output area and
returns to EXIT PASS.
fY~tl_fROG
If the group on the CODE roll is an

indication of the definition of an address
constant, the location counter is stored
accordingly, and the operation of the routine continues with the next group.
PUNCH CODE ROLL also determines whether
the group is an indication of the definition of a label,
if it is, the routine
defines the label on the BRANCH TABLE roll
as required, inserts the label in the
output line for the object module listing
and repeats with the next group on the
roll.
When all groups on the roll have been
processed, a transfer to PUNCH PARTIAL TXT
56
ARG ROLL, Chart FF
PUNCH SPROG ARG ROLL (G0402) initializes

a pointer to the SPROG ARG roll and 1n1tializes the location counter to the begin-'
nin9 address of the subprogram arguments
area of the object module.
The routine then inspects the groups on
the SPROG ARG roll.
If the first word of
the group contains the value zero (indicating an argument whose address will be
stored dynamically), the group is placed in
the TXT card output area, and the card is
written if the area is full.
The routine
then repeats with the next group on the
roll.
If the SPROG ARG roll group does not

contain zero, the group is then inspected
to determine whether it refers to a temporary location.
If it does, the correct
location (address of the tem~orary storage
and constant area plus the relative address
within that area for this location) is
determined. The required RlD roll entries
are then made, the address is moved to the
output area, and PUNCH SFROG ARG ROLL
r~peats this process with the next group on
the roll.
If the group from the SPROG ARG roll
contained neither a zero nor a temporary
location, the argument referenced must have
been a scalar, an array, a label or a
subprogram.
In any of these cases, a base
table pointer and a displacement are on th~
fainted roll.
From these, this routine
computes the location of the variable or
label or th~ subprogram address, enters it
in the TXT card output area, and records
the RLD information required on the RLD
roll. The routine then repeats with the
next group on the SPROG ARG roll.
This routine exits to EXIT PASS through
PUNCH PARTIAL TXT CARD ~hen all SPROG ARG
roll groups have been processed~
This routine (G0403) first inverts the

GLOBAL SPROG roll and moves one word from
that roll to the WORK roll.
If these
actions indicate that there is no information on the roll, the routine exits.
Otherwise, for each gxou~ on the GLOBAL
SPROG roll, this routine enters the ESD
number for the subprogram and the location
at which its address is to be stored on the,
RlD roll. The routine also writes a word
conta1n1ng the value zero for each subprogram listed (these words become the object
module subprogram a1dresses region).
When
all groups on the GLOBAL SPROG roll have
been processed, the routine exits through
any incomplete card remaining in the output
area before returning to EXIT PASS.
This routine (G0405) returns immediately

to EXIT PASS if there is no information on
the ADCON roll. Otherwise, it writes out
one TXT-card-for each group it finds on the
roll.
obtaining the area code, the address
constant, and the address of the constant
from the ADCON roll. The ESD number and
th~ address of the constant ar~
placed on
the RLD roll for subsequent processing.
A
Tj(T card is punched containing the constant.
The operation of PUNCH ADCON HOLL
terminates when all groups on the roll have
been processed.
QBQ~R_~~D
PUNCH RLD ROLL. Chart FJ
This routine (G0416) sorts the RLD roll

and p~ocesses the groups on that roll,
producing the object module RLD cards.
The
card images are set uPi and the RLD cards
are actually written ou~ as they are completed.
When all information on the roll
has been processed, this routine returns ~o
EXIT PASS.
PUNCH END CARD (G0424)

produces the
object module END card.
It moves the
required information into the cdrd image
and initiates the write operation; it then
returns to EXIT PASS.
PUNCH NAMELIST MPY DATA, Chart
Fb
This routine (G0564) is responsible for

the punching of TXT and RLD cards for those
words in the object module NAMELIST tables
which contain pointers to array dimension
multipliers.
The multipliers themselves
are placed on the TEMP AND CONST roll.
The
required
information
is found on the
NAMELIST MPY DATA roll; when all groups
have been processed, this routine returns
to EXIT PASS.
PUNCH USED LIBRARY ROLL, Chart FH

OUTPUT FROM PHASE 5
This routine (G0404) performs the same
function for the Y21~_~IB FUNCTIO!__2l1
that the previous routine performs for the
GLOBAL SPROG roll,
thus completing the
subprogram addresses region of the object
module. The techniques used for the two
rolls are identical.
Four types of output are produced by the

Exit phase of the compiler: TXT cards, RLD
car4s, the ~bject module listing, and the
compiler statistics.
The cards are produced on SYSPUNCH and/or SYSLIN, according
to' the user's options.
The listing, if
Section 2:
Co.piler Operation
51
requested, is produced on SYSPRINT.

the
compiler statistics for the compilation are
froduced on SYSPRINT.
The compiler statistics are the final

output from phase S. The for~ats for the
wessages which provide compiler statistics
for the compilation are as follows:
The formats of the TXT and RLD cards are

described in the publicaticn IEM System/1~Q
operating System:
Linka9~_~Qit2~_~~2g~~~
loqic~~~~!.
The object module listing
consists ofthe following fields~
.OPTIONS IN EFFECT. option{,option}

*OPTIONS IN EFFECt. optionl,option}
.STATISTIC~.
SOURCE STATEMENTS=nnnnnnnn1,
PRCGRAM SIZE=nnnnnnnn2
and
Location,
which is the hexadecimal
address relative to the beginning of
the object module contrel s~ction, of
the displayed instruction.
.STATISTICS. NO DIAGNOSTICS GENERATfD

or
.STATISTICS* nnn DIAGNOSTICS GENERA'IED.
HIGHEst SEVERIty CODE IS n
Statcrrent number (entitled STA NUM>,

which
is the consecutive statement
number assigned to the sourc~ module
staterr.ent
for
which the displayed
instruction is part of the code produced. This value is given in decimal.
Label, which is the statement label, if
any, applied to the statement for which
the; code was produced. The statement
label is given in decirral.
where:
nnnnnnnn1 is the number of source s~ate
ments expressed as a
decin'al
integer.
nnnnnnnn2 is the size,
in bytes, of the
object modul~ expressed as
a
decimal integer.
nnn
is
the number of diagnostics
generated expressed as a decirral
integer.
is the condition code.
Operation code (entitled OP), which is

the symtolic operation cod~ generated.
Operand, which is given in assembly
format but does not contain any variable names.
Operand (entitled ECD OPERAND), which
contains the symbolic name of the variable referred to, in the source module
statement which resulted in the code.
58
The first statistics message (giving

source statements and prograre size)
is
suppressed whenever a BLOCK DATA sUbprogram
is compiled; however, the two options-ineffect messages and one of the other statistics messages will still appear.
Chart 00.
..........
: Al :
!
.Al
:!~~~!.-.-~~~:
IEyrOl
IEYFOIIT
" A2
:
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: ~~t~~I~~ :
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:
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os
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01A2.
ns
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
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PRIIiT
PAGE
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IEYPAR
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o
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NO
: G! :
.CAaIIIAGE 0 YES
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0
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INITIALI IE
HEADING
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:~~~::::;;~~:
ADVAIICI:
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LINES USI:D
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:.~!.: :.:!.:->
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NO
DECII OPTIONS
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:~~~~~.-.-~!:
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INITIALIZE BASE.
:
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:
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IIIAIIl.E
INTIIIRUPTS BY
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.................
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
59
Chart 01.
ERLXITPR
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................
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Section 2:
compiler Operation
61
Chart 03.
IEYFORT (Part" of 4)
..
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Sect:ion 2:
Compiler Operat:ion
63
Chart AB.
DDNAMES
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V
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FOR SYSIN
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FORCE 119 CHAR

LIMIT FOR
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RE T'JRN
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
65
Chart AD.
TIMEDAT
AZ
TIMEOAT

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SET uP
UNIT
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C2
GET
TIME AND DATE

FAOM SYSTEM
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TIME INTO
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INSERT
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'v
~2
RETUAN
66
Chart 04.1.
PHASE 1 - PARSE (Part 1 of 2)

G0630
A2
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......
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.............
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THIS IS THE FIRST

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STMT FLAG =
(END C~RO),
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611
Section 2:
62
Compiler Operation
67
Chart 04.2.
PHASE 1 - PARSE (Part 2 of 2)
......
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POINTS
.....
..1:.4
'
. 0 _______
YES
.PGM A
>
o ' . SUBPROGRAM
. ---1
o. YES
to NO
......
'.. ..'
'.. ..'
C2 :
'..
NO
(;ROUP
RI::MOVI::
NO t TAGGED AS O.
(,IWUP FROM
t ( ________ o.
POSSIBLE
WORK 1t0LL'
RE- ENTRY
POINT..
E3
'.
..
t.NO
o. YES
.0
TEMP
OF DO LOOP
.0 ________ >.. ROLL EMPTY
t
..... Fl..........
H3..,
..................
....1..
.CLEAR TEMP ROLL.
B3
SET SYMBOL A~D

MODE FOR I BCOM
: ROU1INE CALL
:
H4 .. . .
MOVE IBCOM
POINTER TO
AFTER POLISH
ROLL
.................
""'01
<----------------
.
..................
J4
INITIALIZE
FOR OPERATION
OF ALLOCATE
j
.1<4...
................
IEYALL
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
67.1
Chart BA.
WRITE LISTING AND READ SOURCE

G0837
A2
P~INT
:AND ~EAD SOU~CE:
...............
......
*
B4 .......
V
INIT IALIZE
FOR NEW STMT
READ ONE CARD
AND PRES CAN
TU~N
OFF NO P~INT
FLAG
.................
*
.----J
-.I
'083703
-.
*.
-+.::~;~:?;:
-.
..
02
.-. *.
SOURCE
LISTING
..
.*
* *
C4
*.
..
*.
NO
.-
-.MORE TO READ ' - ,

a.
._
'lYES
* *
j'"
'83703
0.
YESV
WAIT FOR LAST READ COMPLETE

-ANO READ ONE
CARD
.............
.~EQUESTED.
*.
"'lIT
READ A CARD
:!:!
C2
: 82 :
B4
.-
NO
: E2 :
TURN
ON NO PRINT
FL-'G
.................
I'
'83707
V
: FZ :
INITIALIZE
STATEMENT CO
COUNT
..................
--:I.
."""
'-1'-8-3-7-0-1
PRINT A CARD
*.
G2
PRINT
-.
OF STMT
COMPLETE
*.
*..*
* *
-
*.
G3
YES
MOVE 1 CD TO
.----->-SOURCE ROLL AND.*
- SET CONTROL -
NO
.H2
P~INT
ONE
CARD AND ITS
ERROR MSGS
.-.
v
H3
.*
*.
ENO
*
*
NO
'-1<
-.
PROCESS
- . - . a.
STATEMENT
._
YES
I
....
y
- -
84
'083704
TURN OFF
FLAGS
INDICATING NO
MORE READ AND
NO MORE PRINT
.................
K..
V
68
RETURN
--
READ A CARD
Chart BB.
INITIALIZE FOR PROCESSING STATEMENT

G0632
****A2*********
srA
INIT
***************
II
I
*****82**********
* INITIALIZE
**
CHARACTER
*
COUNTS
*
*
*
*****************
I
V
*****C2**********
*
*SET
CRRNT CHAR **
*TO FIRST SOURCE*
*
CHARACTER
*
******************
*****02**********
*
SET
*
*COUNT OF SOURCE*
*STMT CHARACTERS*
*TO NO. CARDS X *
*
80
*
*****************
*****E2**********
**
CLEAR FLAGS
**
*
*
*****************
F2-;..;. ... ...............
**
RETURN
*************** **
section 2:
compiler Operation
69
chart BC1.
PROCESS LABEL F'IELD (Part 1 of 2)

GO&35
A2 .
...............
:LBL F'II:.LD XLATf!
S2
STATUS CONTROL
SAVE ADDRt:SS
OF CURRF.NT
.BOTTO!". Of WORY
ROLL AND k:X IT
ROLL
.................
C2 0
.SET STMT LABEL 0
POI NTER TO 0
AND S~IP TO
FIRST NON-BLANK.
o
CHARACTER
.................
ll2
.' .
~Ob3503
'
. ..
.
CHAR
' . NO
' . COUNT L~:SS
THAN b

o.
DIGIT
COIW]"RSION
-------->..
1''
. ..
03
.' . ' .
MUST THIS ' . NO

STM1 HAVE
---- ___ ,
LABEL
.'
V
.'
o.
..
r'"
.'
.BC2.
,'l'
EL
E3
INITIALIZE
fOR DIGIT
CONV ERS ION
LABEL MISSING.
MESSAGE TO
ERROR ROLL
.................
.................
o
..... 1
.....
.. ..
F2
0&3501
1
.....
.->
F2
...
BC2
C2
NO
,.,~~,~{;~;:' .,-----------------I
CONVERT ONE DIGIT
.....
..
(SYNTAX FA> LI
G2..........
.....G3 ..........
..... ............
.................
CONVERT
ONE DIGIT TO
.BINARY. SKIP TO.
NEXT NON-BLANK
CHARACTER.
SYNTAX
MESSAGE TO
ERROR ROLL
RESTORE WORK
.AND EXIT ROLLS
I
.. .. ---1
................
.. ..
H2
CHAR
YES
COUNT LESS
THAN b
* ..
NO
l
J2
REGISTER LABEL
MOVE LABEL
H3
RETURN
(EXIT FALSE)
......
:.;:.:
TO LBL ROLL AND.
LABEL POI N'!:t;R
TO STA LBL
POINTER
.................
...1
K2
K)
MULTIPLE
LABEL
NO
DEFINITION
UNDEFINED
-------->. ERROR MSG TO

ERROR ROLL
*.
"1";5
.....
...
BC2.
A2.
70
.....
...
.BC2
.0.2.
PRdCESS LABEL FIELD (Part 2 of 2)
Chart BC2.
.....
..
BCL
A2
_01:>3502
A2
MARl<
LABEL A;'
DEFI'lE:D
..... Be2
A7
......('.;.
....~ ".
' A2
Ol1e I
IN A
DO LOOP
o.
I
t
: 1;11 :
YI::.S
.'
00
' . Nil
. ' ________ >t. CI.Ofil:.U FIJI'; .

ON
0
'..
PUT LAB~L
UN
XTl';NI; LilL ROLL
.'
'.
NO
.0
Yl:.S
.'.
C2

.o.
.t
NO t
LAST
'.
---'.STMT AN ARITH.'
'.
IF'

.'
.. ..
C3
.'. ' .
IS

LABEL
'.
I'REVIOU:;
_
' . TAl< ;t.T
.'
. '
NO . '
<--'.
i........
--------------->1<------ ------,,---------- I
-01:>1';011
~{,f,1"Rl..
ell
'
.
I,j
.
!.ABEL (;N
'.
XTJ:.ND T',RG
.'
LIlL
RCJLL
NO . '
.<-------- .
... ...
... ...
j
"
'
r
..... Dj..........
;,4
roc
..... 02............
to
'PUT POINTER TCJ t

TAG GROUP ON
THIS LABEL.
'XTEND LBL ROLL'

oMOVE POLI~H TO'
<----0 AS POSSIbLE
o AFTER POLI~;H
oRE-ENTRY POINT'
o
HOLT,

. ' GROUP ' .

. ' TAGGE[) AS ' .
'.
Pv~:';IDLE
'.RE-ENTRY . '
' . P()INT. 0
..... E2..........
.....
---::::::::j.........
.................
Ob 3'>0'>
rnti-AC'IIVf. [NO
FLJ\'; 1 tiDI('ATE:~
f'1<!:.V IOU:, :;1M'1
;,UIA v:; AHIINCIIU;
"IILN IT I:; 01'.
U::LlJ IN TEXT FOR
,;':NI:.I<Al'IOt< Of'
':"1.,,: r"]P FNO :~n'1'.
0-------.,.
.'
'.
..
'.
o.
/'fNNF:; ".
'SET NON-ACTIVE'
'END F!.AG Tv NX~'
STA LBL fL!\(;'
'AND CLE:AR NEXT'
STA LBL FLAG
:.
.'
.' . '
CHAR
COUNT
..
.. .
.'
G2
NO
')
I:.ta
F) ........ .
RETURN
(EXI1 TRUE)
.............. .
YES
1
'.
'
'. .'
.<----------------
' . YES
' . CHAR A ZERO
'. .
.................
o.
................ .
.;'-------->:
DI) ........
TAG GR0UP Otl

t
'XTENO' LEL P0LL t
A:~ POSSIRLE
t
oRE-E;lTRY POINT'

RE.MOVE GROUP
-------------------------------.
FROM
'XTI::NU TARG LEsL
ROLL
..................
F"
'T:"
YES
0-------->.
G).
................
-------->.
.' .'
RETURN,
(EXIT TRUE.)
NO
1'SYNT". 'm,
H2
SYNTAX MSG TO
ERROR ROLL.
RESTORE WORI<
AND EX IT ROLLS
..................
j
J2 .
SCAN
TO NEXT
NON- BLANK
CHARACTER
.................
1
1<2
................
RETURN
(EXIT FALSE)
section 2:
Compiler Operation
70.1
Chart BD.
PROCESS STATEMENT
.....
. A2...........
G0636
Al
STA XLATE
.............
.---->.
~
.---->..
SAVE.
LOCATIONS OF
.O;:(K A"D EX iT ..
=
.
.
.*
A3 ... . .
*...
.. *
....82..........
S l . . . . . . . .
..
<-----.
...............
RETURN
..
..
.<-------.
.*
vr--.
G0637
I
83 ... . .
,
1
..B...
V
...
YES..
IN
BLOCK DATA
;.. ;:COUTifoitE .-
.*
. C l .
C2
*.
I
V
C
.. UPDATE ROLLS ..
*..*
DEF STA
POLISH FOR
XLATE
: ~g~;;:~~~ :
: ~:g!;:.:~~~ :
POLISH FOR
VARIABLE
EXPRESSION
................
.
I
I
I
I
I
F'JNCTI:_O_N____________
L...-..-_ _ >
1<
...
V
G0732
STA XLATE EXIT
AND CONSTRUCT.
POLISH FOR
..
I
I
.................
j......
STATEMENT
THIS OPE~AT ION

i::' f't:RFORMED BY
THE STA XLATE
ROUTINES
C~~~~~~CT
ARITH FUNC
...1.:
TEST
*.
LITERAL
SCAN SHoIT
TO DETERMINE
TYPE
_-----'i"
.ASSIG~~~~~ STA :~
__
. --->.::TMT FUNCTIO~:._Y_E_S____________,
. . . . ... * ..
~ESSAGE
YES
RECORD"
ILLEGAL
STATEMENT
...
ASSIGN NO
"ENT TYPE
-.STATEMENT.-
E3
...
*.
......
.. .. ..
E. ......
................
NO
-.SEVERE ERRORS ------->*
RE TURN
EX IT
YES
...
V
.0 *.
F3
-.
ACTiVe:
STATEMENT
it.
-...
*.
F ........... .
NO.
.*----->.
.it
RETURN
EXIT
YES
..Gl.................V
;;
REMOVE POL I SH AND REPLACE

."'ITH ERROR LINK.
I
I
..H3.
V
RETURN
EXIT
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
71
COMPLETE STATEMENT AND MOVE POLISH
Chart BE
*/\ 1
'T/~
,. I NAL
.
... ........ ..... ..
I~
1 "
~.:,!'I!'
:.;'1';":
'(llJNT:
!(J!.....I:.H
NO
()6J)02
fill.
MOVE GROUP
BACK TO DO
~~~~~~~~~~>j
*O(310)
.C4
tC:>
* ________ >t
~ I j~~
"
: .:
!lIlt)
~: ->
Illll
'. .'
-------------------->
lJJ\'J'/\
()~
.
.
.................
IF
"
,.,
.. ..
1,1
(;2
..
,.,
G3
"
..
N(I
FS
STMT TO API'ER
POLISH ROLL
.
.
...................
~063377
G4
.. " ..
P.4
"
if"
1,~~ -~~~--~~
H2 H3.
Yj,;S
"n"
REMOVE
'GROUP DEFI NI!'l<;
DO VARIABLj,;
FROM IND VAR

ROLL
.................
NOTE:
THE TEST COMPARES
STA LBL Pm'R
WITH THE GROUP
FROM THE ROLL
.................
I . ,,'" l .
................. ................
I
K2
J2:
J)
RESERVE PROGRAM'
Sg~~Ts~~t~
ROLL, RELEASE.
SCRIPT ROLL
.MOVE NEXT GROUp.
FROM SCRIPT
ROLL TO LOOP
.................
l ........
:D~i~ E~RCO~~:
->.
72
CLEAR
XTEND TARGET
LBL ROLL
E1
SET INNER DO
-----.CLOSED FLAG ON-
RETURN
:MOVE POLISH FOR:
,.
1111:;
., YES
,.
INNER
. , N()
,
ANY
"
NO
CLEAR
Of) CLOSED
, :;T~i'j TAR(;rT , 0 ________ >*,
, L _______ >., TRANSFERS OUT, .--------).XTENU LBL ROLL
. , OF LOOP "
, F~~G
, Uf LOOP.,.
.. I..
......
...............
..................
PO~lSH
E')
.-------->.
F4..-------->.
MI'Vt UNF
I;K()IJP OFF Tilt.
ROLL
ARITH~ETIC,
i"
I
..... Fl.
PUT STMT
NUMBER ON
.................
:
~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ -~ ~~~~~ ~ J
.... .. ..
,AN
.,
' . ' YL!;
: D5 :
.,
-;HIS STM;- YES
'-10
'1 ,iF {)( j [,()( lr~; . ' - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ________ - - . l I'"f,

KOLL,.
GOb 34
.-------->.
E4
'.
'TA mAC '""
PUT POIm'ER
TO LABEL ON
POLISH.
11
'
"Jf)
: u"' :
' . VI' ~j
(IN ' - - -- - - - -- - - - -- -- - - -- -- ----- - - - - - - - - -
P F Li.. ( l
ElE
.~'J
.
..
i'"
THI~; ,'LA. ON lNDlCA1I:;S

ONE OF Till ::TATl"'ENT~;
,m lCH MAY NOT TLRMI NATf
DO LOOPS
.'.
.....
.
,.
THIS
. , NO
,STMT LABELED , . -----------------'
Y I.~
1)1
R4
:LOOP~ OPl:.N ROLL:
cl

' . JdJY
. .
1
.
.................
.<----------------
...............
RETURN
Chart BF.

G0642
1.2
.................
ACTiVE Er-.v
STA XLATE
II
I
I
.-
B2
...v
w_w_63wwiHi .......
.;..
LAST
Y E S .
STATEMENT A -------->.
BRANCH
*.
...
... .*
...............
RETURN
NO
I
I
...v
...
...
... * * ...
i
(2
C3.
SUBPROGRAM NO
BEING
-------->.
.COMPILEO
BuILD
STOP POLISH
YES
I
I
V
1
.....
02..........
03
.................
PLACE
>.
RETURN DRIVER
ON P O L I S H . .
RETURN
Section 2:
compiler Operation
73
Chart BG.
PROCESS POLISH
"2
.
...............
PROCESS
POLISH
I
BZ.
V
GET NUMBER
OF WOROS ON
POLISH ROLL
.................
I
I
CZ
PLACE
COUNT ON AFTER
POLISH ROLL
.................
OZ
COpy POLISH
ROLL TO AFTER
POLISH ROLL
.................
II
EZ.
V
RELEASE POLISH.
ROLL
.................
I
V
...FZ
RETURN
................
PHASE 2 - AlLOCA7E (Part 1 of 2)
chart 05.
...11.3.
GO)81
GOlS.
11.1.
:~~_ :~.!l'!~:i~~::
................
STUT
ALLOCATIOlf
-->.
111..
.................
.os...Cl..
1 ..
I .-.-.-.-.- .-.-.-.
................. ....... ..........
1 .""..02
1 *_.
01.
.... _1110_._._._.
................. .................
I
INITIALIZE
r-------~
IG03t~ C2 ......... .
.11. LBLlLSPG-CAAla
._._a_a_._a_a_
.-a
'DMr/P""TIRR-COA2'
PU'I' LAIIILS AIID

-STItt PUIIC MAlIa.
- ON IICD ROLL
.ASSOCIATE DUMMY.
:O~:~N~InR~rs-s' :
'
Gom
PR IOI'PTE.-CBAl.
.PIC DO LPS-CU2'
:C~ Jt~VfrB:
.ClI!CIt fOR UMCLS'

00 LOOPS AND PRe
.AIfO MAR.. ERRS
~_._
'OUTSIOE AIUlAY
... .0
II
e.
!SLOCIt DATA
110
SnCIP'IBO
- - - -
*.
.. ..
'0
*
YBS
1
01
1
.-.-.-.-.-.-.- .-.
00372
B2
'L8L1L SPGS-CPA2'
.................
COIfSTRVC'T
BRANCI TARLE
ROLL
"'".-.-.-.-.-1.-.- .-.
F2..
.IL PGM ISD-CGA2'
Al:
CHAR't CC
e_ ._e_e_e -e-.-
GO 361
.................
ALLOC BEADING.
.IUI AND PCB ZSO.
fOR PRO AN !In'
aLOe.
DA'!'A
PIOG
ALLOCATION
.,,"._e_ *_. _._._

1 . _._ .
G2
BIn' NMALL- CBA2
.................
IF SOURCB II.
ruMC, CBECII: P'OR'
'UGM OF V1.LUI -
.................
1
....B)
.................
ALLOCATE ADOR
:'"0"
~~b:/!I!~:
TURN ON P'LAG
:RF.~~.;~~Ji~T
"OOUI.!: LOC
1.:0 Uiifi R
SAn OBJBCT
11000I.I: LOCATIOR.
COUNTBR
.....,...........
ALLOC
ex
S'l'G,
:ms~ftSBtfti
t _ - __ _
.URII.Y II.LL CN"2
I ..................
MOOOLE
1
c':J
. .....
..-.-.-.-.-.-.1
.:REMnib
................
.....
ALLOC Ll fERAL
CONSTIlHr<; 1l0D
:~~;~;. :~t~! ~~~.:
BAS! Tll.BLI!:
DTRUS
OBJECT MOOULE
DATA. AS
WELL AS PERfORMI"G SOME
INITIAL
ALLOCII.TION
.RESTORE OBr !too.

'LOC CNTEH OEf'"
.TRUE SIZE BIISE.
.TABL!, END PIlSg.
__I
G".~........
'OEBUG ALL-CXA2
.,.,.e-.-.
ASCLR/SPRG-CII.II]
"'- "'-.-.- e- e- e- e-"
INIT II.NO .-------->.ENTER MIIMES ON
S08C!lIt.
BCD R::lLL
VARIABLES
._._._._._ .-I!o-I!I-.
BOlLO BASE
TABLa ENTRIES
IRDICATIlO
$ ......... .
QRJ(
.....
B'..........
e-.-e-. -e-e- .-e-.
.................
....,
'GBL SPa AI. CUA2'
.pUP .a.8'l'-CQA2'
...u"'1 ."....
.8/B TBL IlL-:::LA2

.-.-e_
,- .- e-'-'-'
................-
ALLOC SUBRTN .<--------.ALLOC SAVE lUtEII

.ADDR PRINT MAP
BASE rilL /lMO
PUNCB ! S O S '
BRANCR l'ABLE
:ffl~~.~!~F..:
1
...".J,..........
.................
m
:~:_~~_~~_~!~~:
.................
L __________ _
1
rS.
.................
r--.--------------.....
. ... nS
................. ................
.om
.FORMAr II.LL C5""O

*-e-._e_e_e_e_e_
o\LLOC F:>R'IlIr
: R~T~6Sflll~~~
:
~iU~:~O
I NCIlBASE
'LOCATIO" COONT
.BY ZQIJIV SIZ!
ALL ALLOC
.E..,1. ...... .
GOIllle,
T8! ROUTINES
Co\LLlD IN PASS
1 DETZRNINE
THI NII!IUI!R OF
1
..F3
.
..................
...G)1.
..
.....
.-.-.-.-.-.- .-.-.
:.~~~~.l'~,.~~l'.:
SCALAaS UD
RBG'O M8BS
D~
.LIT
CNS IlL-CR""
:~ ~I~ ~~~:
.SCAUUI ALL COAl'
.~'l'""
~~~E<;
.11/11 TilL AL-CLA2'
J)
ARG O\L- CP~2.
A.LLOCATf'
j
13..
.-.-.-.-.-.-. -. -.
ALLOC lIAIIE LIST 'l'8l. lDO
.................
.s PG
G.'"
BLD IU) I18-CifA2

.-~-.-<!o-.-
I . , ..........
.-.GRL
1-' SPG
_e_._IlL-COA2'
l1li_'_ '.-'
GO""
1
0)
.................
INDICAr!!
PQSIIfT
ALLOCATION IS
IN OBJECT
GO"2~
."LLQCAT! ARRAYS.-------- >. ADO BASES FDf(
SUBPROGRAM
II.NO ADO IH:O'D
BAS~S
ADo.., t':~-)~i to.S
O!TM PR&811fT
'SIZ! BASE TII.BLI:
A.DD 5 GROUPS TO'
: SIZllorfSBRn :
..'"....... 1......... ..," 1

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
:~lli~~~~U~:
\
II"..........
._e_e_ ._e_._ ._._.
GOIl2!
1
...C)
.................
1 .
B)..
1 . ..."...-.-.-.-.-.-.-....................
R2
r-- --- -- -- -
.....
.................
G'''' J"'
:~~~~.~.:~~t:
ALLOCATE
.-------- >. COaRFCT II.LL~C
.UGlIMB1n' LISTS
'EQUIV OAf" II.NO
PRINT .. IlP
I
....ItS
................
:
Sect.ion 2:
CHART
O~2
Compiler Operation
75
Chart 06.
PHASE 2 - ALLOCATE (Part 2 of 2)
....
'06
: 82"-1
GO];;"
..2
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-----------1
8'
.................
.RU.EASE ROLLS,
OBTAIN
OOUBI.EWOIIO
BOUNDARY,.OR
BASES
'SCALAIl ALL CtU.l'
CORRECT SCALAR
:
~AIDN,
:
.................
1
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
1
c,
.................
C2
.URAY ALL CMA2
'CALCULATE BASE
'AIm OISPLACElUlTt
FOR TEMP Aim
CONST ROLLS
COJUtECT AARA Y
ALLOCATION,
PRINT MAP
.................
1
02
GO..,
-._ .-e-e_ e-.- e-.
COIISTR AIIO PCB
.................
TXT COS roR

MAMELIST ':'BL
G....1!!2
1
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
'LIT CRS AL-CRA2'
ALLOC LITI!!JtAL
'CORS AND PUNCH
TXT CAROS
.................
G.......,.2..
1
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
.P'OItIUlT ALL CSA2'
.................
.l___________________________________ _
ALLOCATB .oRMT.
: SmSl:Jg:c. :
76
1
011
GO'"
'BLD NllLST-CVJ.2
'BLD AD BS-CWA2
e_e_e_e_e_e_e_e,.
.................
BUlLD 3 BASES
FOR TEMP 11..,0
CONST AREA
...E'1...
. . r. .
PREPARE ,.011.
OIeI,.y PIIASE
....,.,..........
...............
.
JBYU'..
RELEASE
ROLLS
Chart ell.
MOVF RLD
~AMES
TO
DAT~
VAR ROLL
('0';43
.. Al
ALPHA
LBL AND L
SP~()(~S
4.
A)
...
...
ALPHA
SCALAR ARRA Y
~~~.~~~~~
1 .
.... *81
.. B )........
.................
.................
1
.... C)
.
.......... .......
RELEASE DATA
~~Rp~~~~tRf,~
NeW (;ROUP ON
UP.TA \JAR HOLL. '"
j
******
~*Cl t't' . . .
,;AVE POI NTER
TO L.ABELS.
SET UP
POI NTER
10 LIlL ROLL.
.................
.... .. 1
.... .
fJl
'
..
. .. .' ..
ENTIRE
LIlL ROLL
. PROC E~;~ ED.
02 ......
..... ............
ALPHA L SPRaG
SAVE DATA VAR

::~ _____ >:RO~~I~.nr~~ AS:
STATEME~
FUNCTIONS
N()
.
.................
1
.... ..
F:l
h(:VE
flEX'!'
T(l
Il{\'j!\
'11
LABEL.
Id-l.
H( )LL
lJl
SET UP
SCALAR R(JLL
._)
D1
SAVE
DATA VAR ROLL

POI NTER AS
POINTF:R TO
SCALARS
POINTER Tv
1
E2
.
SET UP
POI NTER ROLL
..........
r,4
..........
1
03
.A/O VAR RL-CAF4.
-. -. -. - +-. -.-.-
.................
MOVE
NAMES TO.
SCALAR
OATA VAR ROLLS
1
E3
.
.................
SAVE DATA VAR
"ROLL POINTER TO.
ARRAYS
.-.-.-.-t-.-.-.-.
........1"......
.A/O VAR RL-CAF4.
b~
.MOVE SUBPROGRAM.
!'!l'wl1ES TO
s DATA VAR ROLL
C4 .. ... .
SAVE DATA VAR
.ROLL POINTER AS.
.................
P(J1NTEl< TO
USED LI BRARY
NAMES
: 0 . . . . . . . . . . . :
.SET UP POINTER
TO USED LIB
FUNCTION ROLL
.................
....t

.....
.
.................
*F3*
SET UP
PO:NTER TO
ARRAY ROLL
j
.GJ ..........
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
AlD VP-.R RL-Cl'.F"*
.................
MOVE
ARRAY NAMES TO
DATA VAF ROLL
H3.
SAVE O.a.TA VAR
ROLL POINTER AS.
POINTER TO
GLOBAL
SUBPROGRAM
...... ...........
J3.
...... ............
....1.
....
.
SET UP POINTER
TO GLOBAL
SPROG ROLL
B4
B4
G4
F4
...............
ALPHA TO
DATA VAR ROLL :
:'::';,1
...
..
G4
.. .. ....
eNTIRE
Y E S .
ROLL
,.--------).
PROCESSED.
GS .....
...............
RETURN
N"
H~
MOVE NEXT NAME
(8 BYTES)
.................
i
....
......
TO
DATA VAR ROLL
G4
Section 2:
Compiler operation
77
chart CB.
.... Al.........
G0362
A2
.*
..
*.
PREP f O U I V .
.*
AND PRINT
*----->*.EOUlvALENCE
~~~~~;****. *
* DATA
NO.
---->.
*.
A3 ..
RETURN
YES
I
vI
.->
B2
CALCULATE
OFFSET FOR
EQUI VALENCE
VARIABLE AND
RECORD
e2.
..............
.e. *.
V
C2
IIAD
*.
e3
YES
e. DEFINITION
.*---->*IUCOItC' NAME AS
e
ERItOIt
*
**.
.**.
NO
I<-------~
V
02
..
.e. *
ALL
DATA
PROCESSED
*.
.-
*. NO
. .
YES
B2
E2.
V
SET UP
HEADIIoIG FOR
ERROR LIST
......F2
V
PRINT LIST OF
EQUIVALENCE
ERItORS.
DEF
I
I
G2.
V
RETURN
78
PRINT
ERROR SYMBOL
Chart CC.
ALLOCATE BLOCK DATA
..Al.
...............
G0361
PR~O~tLg~!~ION.
.2
.CIII ALL'OUT-C I A2
*_*_*_*_*_a_*_*_*
.................
=~>=
Ai-LQ~
ALL CQ", ..
.STRG.PRNT ERRS
IIIAPS PNCH ESOS
82
V
PUNCH
DFM.a.1N'Ur.
ESDS iii-ANY.
V
C 2 .
.SCALAR ALL CIIIA2
-*-*-*-.-*-.-..
-
ALLOC SCALARS
.................
RE~UJREO
AOO
BASES
02
V
:~:~!~.~~~.-;~!~:
.ALLOCA TE ARRAYS.
AND
:.. :~~:.~:!~: ...:
!2.
y
"LIP
!OUI VAL!NCE
ROLL
.................
:*;::->1
'36102
F2
t NFO
*.
Fl
GROUP ON
YES
EQVIVALENCF.
ROLL..
------->.
**.
.**
.-
BECAVSE
ALL EOUIV
DATA IIIUST
BE IN COIIIIIION
.L.
NO
v
<02'.'''_
'36101
RECORD
NAIIIE + ERROR
TYPE
: F2 :
*.
IIIORE
YES.
OATA ON ROLL
F2
*. a * .
.*
-->.
NO
I
I
J2
V
PRINT
BLOCK DATA
ERRORS
.............
.....I
v
06
B4
RELEASE
ROLLS
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
79
Chart CD.
PREPROCESS DUMMY DIMENSIONS

(,0365
.. ,.2*
.... ......
"
"
PREP OMY DIM

AND PRINT
"
~~:~:~
I
II
B2.
V
INITIALIZE
POINTER TO
APPRO ROLL
CHECK
OMY DIMENSION
.................
:
(2
..
:->1
,036601
...
(2
.w.
GOJ67
ALL
._.
.. -------> .....
...
YES
...
w.._
.. _
NO
:.::.:->I
'36702
... NEXT
...
ARRAY HAVE NO
~UMMY
- - ,
0!~E ... SI0~~..
.... *
i
I
YES
~
.0.
...
".INCOMMON
... ...
I
I
RECORD
ARRAY NAME
ERROR
(,2
AS
.->
II
V
PREPARE
TO PROCESS NEXTo
o
ARRAY
80
I
0_> I
~
NO
.. ..
(2
C5
..
RETURN
CLASSIFY NXT
..
OMY IF A N Y "
.1TH OMY OJM
..
.................
.....I .
PNTR TO ARRAY.
ON ERROR ROLL"
03
..
'36704
.*
E4
w.
ANY
.-MORE
'36705
...
ARRAYS
-.WITH DMY DIM

IN THIS .*
LIST .*
.. ..
0
YES
F
o CHECK oMY DIM
.N"T ARRAY-MUST 0
.aE oMY I N SAME
oLIST OR I ... COM-.
: .:~~.:~~.~:: ;~.:
.......
V
G2
..................
36602
II
------->:
..
RECQRO MARKER
ON NAMEL 1ST -
ITEMS ROLL
:
....FZ
ERRORS
NO
(,2 :
..
..
----->.
i
I
I
V
"
....
.PRINT
'36703
.. *0
...
* *
..
YES
..
.*---->*
..
...
YES
E3..........
*.
ARRAY
A DUMMY OR
03
NO
------->
......
E ... O
YES
OF A DUMMY
LlST
w..*
o
o
*a.. .
*
02
,...
...
ANY
g~~:~~S
C4
C.
G041S
w.
Cl
P~~~:~~eo
*.
I ..
.*
NO
.*
---->*.
*.
E5
..
;)3
"
I
YES
*.
w.
MORE
DUMMY
... .
I
......
LISTS
w..*
NO
C4
.*
chart CE.
CHECK FOR UNCLOSED DO LOOPS

G0371
A2
PROCESS
00
LOUP~
..................
I
I
62
FLIP THE
DO LOOPS OPEN
ROLL
.................
C2
:->1v
1037101
1037102
C2
C3
DATA
ON THE
NO
.SET UP HEADING
00 LOOPS OPEN -------->. FOR DO LOOPS
ROLL..
ERROR LIST
... ... ... ..
.................
YES
I
I
OZ
03
MOVE BAD
.LABEL TO ERROR
LBL ROLL
00 ERROR LIST
PRINT
.................
I
.............
II
...
I
I
I
E2
.E3.
UNOE-
FINEO MARK YES
ON LBL ROLL ,
*.
...
...
... .*
...
NO
II
I
F2
PRINT ERROR LBL

ROLL
RETURN
......
cz
.
..................
I
..
SET UNCLOSED
00 MARK IN LBL
ROLL (,ROUP
C2
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
81
chart CF.
CONSTRUCT BRANCH TABLE ROLL
G0372
A2
OPROCESS LBL ANOO

LOCAL SPROG
....
....
.-
...............
o
..
FLI P
THE LBL ROLL
1037206
o
-
COpy
TEMP ROLL TO
LBL ROLL
:"::.
....:->1
*
.*
C2
*.
DATA
...
: C4 :
w. NO
ON THE LBL
w. a. ROLL ._ .*
a _
"SET UP HfAOrl'tG
~OR UNOfF I NEO
:
L .... ELS
:
..............
i'" : : :
0.
.02
.
",eVE
LABEL TO WORK
ROLL
.................
PRINT
UNoEF INEO
LABEL LIST
.............
I
o.
...
... * ...
...
E2
E3.
E.
1037202
o.
LABEL
DEFINED
YES
--->.
.0
NO
"
FL IP
OTtiE LOCAL SPRGGo

ROLL
SET FIRST 1/2

BYTE OF LABEL.
GROUP TO ZERO
..................
"
:-::.:->1
.....F2
V
CLEAR
FIRST BYTE OF
o
LABEL
o GROUP-"'OVE TO
..
I
1037207
F.
...*
.. ..
...
G3
.-
.-
JUMP
e.
*.
TARGET LABEL
*. a.
*.
._ .-
NO
*
* YES
..
......
:.::.:->\
H3
1037203
~5
I
v
MOVE NEXT
GROuP TO
CENTRAL AREA
I
....................
V
'MAKE NEW BRANCH

TABLE ROLL
ENTRY ANO
RETURN PTR
: !~.!! :
J3
V
: J :
REPLACE
LABEL GROuP
.WITH POINTER TO.

: BRANCH TABLE
:
................. .................
I
I
....
....
......
.
K3
.
.................. .:..
K3
1037205
PUT POINTER
.ON COMMON DATA.
TEMP ROLL
.->
F_ -
"
MOVE
GROUP TO TEMP . ,
ROLL
....
C2
..
..................
I
K3
.................
82
IOJ720e
MAKE NEW BRANCH.
TAIILE ROLL
ENTRY AND
RETURN PTR
TO IT
THE TAG
FIELD OF THE
POINTER STILL
lNOICATES THE
TYPE OF LABEL
YEr.
I
.....G...........
KJ
." DATA
".
"
COpy THE
."
ON THE
o. NO
COMMON OATA
0
LOCAL SPRaG . 0_______ >. TEMP ROLL TO
"
ROLL."
.notE LOCAL SPROG.
ROLL
:;::~:.~~~.:~;~.:
..
o
PRI NT ERROR LBL

ROLL
.0.
\'
1037201
..
8..-................
e2.
.................
v
B4
"
.GS
RETURN
"
Chart CG.
ALLOCATE HEADING AND PUNCH ESD CARDS

G0374
.A2
................
BUILD
PROGRAM ESO
. .
..
"
S4
B4.
82.
..................
INITIALIZE
SET
FOR LD
UP
..
ESD
~C4~
. . .
PUNCH
PROGRAM NAME
AS LO F:SD
,.
I
I
v,
02
...
... 0 A T A
"
.,
ON
...
03.. ......
..
ENTRY
NAMES
..
ROLL.*
..
..
.... *
SE T UP
. , NO
PROGRAMMER
, . - - - - > . S P E C I F I E O NAME
e..*
1 N CENTRAL
.~ ..
.
.................
.03!:~l.E2.~........
(,2 :
..
A.DO
..
..
LENGTH OF
INITIAL PROG
'CODE TO PROGRAM'
~~~:~
I
:
E4
037405
.*
"
'.
.FLIP THE ENTRY.

'NAMES ROLL AND
"MOVE ONE GROUP "
OFF
YES
..04
:.....
.....:
V
"
:->1v
E4
..
..... ..... ,.:

~::;
G2
.... **G4
.. GZ.
..
BREAK
I
...... F5
.....
'V
PUN( H ANY
REMAINING E5D
(ARDS
I
I
I
I
I
I
... (,S ............

RETURN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,i
I
...
H2
H4 .......
AOO
GLAi"K S IG
-NAME. ADO fNTRY
CCDE TO PROG
rUT J $YMSOL
'IN FIRST BLANK'
OF NAME
"
II
MOVE GROUP TO
CE",TRAL ANa
COMMON NAME
TEMP ROLL
"I
:->1
..
I
I
(aMMO'" NAME
TEMP ROLL TO
"
"ENTRY NA"E ROLL"
..
fE 5
COpy
,,--->.
*F4 .....
....................
SAVE
"
'GROUP ON COMMON"
'NAME TEMP ROLL.'
ADO BLANKS TO "
NO
ES
..
".
I
I
..F2
'037402
,037406
...
.. ... .. ...
I
:
,',
DAT A LEFT
ON [NTRY
'.
NAMr 5
PUT PROGRAM
NAME I N PUNCH
BUFFER
PUNCH 50
.............
"
J2 .... ..... ..
PUNCH PROGR AM
NAME
....
.
PUT
ESC> IN
BUFFER-PUNCH
" IF COMPLfTE
CARO
PUN(l-1
E4
"
.
..
I<[MA INING
E SD
..
84
"
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
83
Chart CH.
CHECK ASSIGNMENT OF FUNCTION VALUE

G0376
.2 .
ENTRY N..... E
:~';~~~!!~~
I
...
""
B2
.0:..*
SOURCE
w.
.. ..
---->:
NO.
SUBPROGR ... ~
83
RETURN
YES
.0v
..
.*
YES
C3
.*---->.
RETURN

j""
.-
..
E.
.............
V
NO
i,. :": ':
*. a * .-
: F 2 :
.................
. .
"
*.
.-
-.
*.
..
: G3 :
YES
SET "'OOE
"
OF SC ... L ... R IN
"
"POINTER"
.----->"
*. * .*
NO
: HZ :
: HJ :
"
:
"
PUT POUlTER
*0101 COMMON N ... ME
TEMP ROLL
REGISTER N... ME
OF ENTRY FOR
ERROR I.. I ST
"
"
I
I
J2
.................
....I
.
V
... 00
SC"'L ... R ROLL

"
"GROuP FOR ENTRY"
" N ..... E - OEF I HE "
"
:~
J3 :
"'00 SC"'L ... R

*
.TD EOUIV ...LENCE "
ROLL
"
"
"
84
G3
RETURN
G3 :
'037602
SC ... L ... R
-.
WITH S ... ME
N"''''E.-
.F....."
....
0" 0
PAINT
FUNCTION
ERAOR LIST
-"'OVE ... EXT GROUP.

- TO THE CO"'MO'" "
:N ... "'E TE"'P ROLL :
G2
.................
0.,
O ... T ... ON
THE E ... TRY

-N ... M.S ~OLL
.................
V
... ..............
::::->1
PUT ... "' ... RKER

SYMBOL ON
EOUI V"'LENCE
ROLL
"SET UP H ... OING "

" FOR FUNCTION
:
ERROR LI ST
FLIP
"THE ENTRY N... MES.

"
ROLL
"
"
"
I
0.
"
"
02.
V
...:
'037601
:::~~.:~~~
SIJt:tRQUTINE
w.
: c :
*
-.A
"
"
COPY THE
"
COMMON
"
-N ... ME TEMP ROLL "
TO THE ENTRY
-
(2
""
a.
'037603
B4
....I
V
*
"
"
[2
"
"
...1..1.. ENTRY N... MES

TO ... FUNCTION
... RE
EQUIVALENCED
PRINT
EAROR SYMBOL
ROLL
Chart CI.
COMMON ALLOCATION
G0377
o
. 2
C 0"'''' ON
ALLOCATION
....
.
.... ;;~. ~~!~~!

I
I
I
I
v
II
,037706
INITIALIZE
FOR CO"''''ON
ALl OCA T I nN
a4 ...........
.... *B2
o
B4
'COPY ALL BLeCK

'NA"'ES AND DATA'
.................
...... ..... :
I
I
v
_RACK
FROM
.*
C2
ANY
NO
SLeCK I"A~[S : - - - - - : ; - , . .
' . ON ROLL . '
*.
.. ..
.C3 .
'037709
*. *.
CLEAR
CONTROL <; AND
"-GLi.....:; tuJ.,(
ALLOCATION
Of COMMON
.'
=-.
I
I
I
I
.e.v
TFMP
~~~~~
..
..
YES
C4 .. ....
ALLOCATE ALL
Eoul VAL[NCE
"DATA ;:(EFEM:;;(i'..,G
................. .
................
..
(O~MON
TO
BLOCK
I
I
II
"
N~ XT
COMMON.
ROLL
MU"[
*NAME TO
AHEA
.
:
(2
[2
'.
E ~o
OF
OATA
....
r:)
..
.'.
..
* '
- - - - >
FOR
BLOCK
YF S
.--,
..
,037705
".
f]
V
.'.
ON
'
HOLL
.*-,
......
....
I
I
.. ....
Al J..ll AOV
ON
( O"'MON
Alltl('"UN
tH l
r N(~ t l It T [ S
THI <
~f
I
*L
'03770<'
*
0
A C , COMMON
tRkOA
V At:( I A~l
r.
RF. -
.................
*e
..
*
NO
*--,
I
I
YE 5
I
I
I
I
PRINT
I
H[ADING FLR
I
-MAP OF t:iLOt.K
I
I
I
I
I1< _ _ _ _ _ JI
.
.
"
3* *
copy
..... *F4 .....
.
.................
I
....
. .
*. _.
..
OPT ION
I
I
'1 J 7 70 3
II
NO
I
I
I
I
BLOCK
NA",,[ AND DATA.

T(] Tt: MP ROl.L
E2
"
GA
COPY
(,rhl'l
ALLOCA T ION
.ROLL Tf) COMMON
ALLOI..~AT ION
........... ..... .
~OLL
I
v
ALLnCATE
<'TORAG[ FOR
I
I
I
I
I _____
f H2
I,
"f CURD
*NAME:
.'
MAP
F3
Nt X T
< NAM[ 5A"'E e. YE 5

-.AS LAST NAME - - - ,
<.ALLOCATED.
I
Iv
64
<.
HEX T
NO
vAR I ABLE tN ----,
' . ANOTHfR . '
I
o .ALOCK.'
I
'
I
I
v
YE 5
"
NO
*. .
<.
..
..
E_
~API4fS
HLOCf(
...
MORE
NU
F2
P')NCH
CARD fLR
BLOCK
f SU
..
*011701
..
nfTuRN
I
:->1
. . 04 . .
10-n7l1
... *OJ
*02 ..
E]
..... H.
P;<INT
MAP
COi-lO ON GEN'L
*ALLCCATIO"'4 ROLL-
I
I
II
[.' *
I
v
*J4
PRI NT
FOR
ERROR(')
~l.OCK
)(4
LOl'I'ON
'ALLOCATION
OUTPVT
........... ...
AND
<
Section 2:
'-TU"N
PRf ''':ESS
COM.~ON
TO
N(.a:T
BL OU:
compiler Operation
8~
Chart CJt.
EQUrvALENCE DATA ALLOCATION

GOlel
A3
(L!AA
:.................
Lg~~~~~=
"2.........
-
EOUI V.
ALLOCATION
----->-
-.. ~:!~!.;::~:...
....
82 : - - ,
<_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- J
GOlll2
EOUIV
ALLOCATION
OeJECT
MODULE
.-.
84 ....
GOlll4
82
- DATA
e.
ON
NO
'. EOUI VALENCE ----,
-.
ROLL.I
*.
.*
-:.::. :
"LIP
EOUI VALENCE
ROLL AND
INITIALIZE
..
V
-.
INTEGRATE
02
*.
-- .-
.-. -.
E2
.-
*.
ENTRY
YES
-. _. A~~~~:~ED
CONFLICT
.................
I
: G2 :
INCREMENT
.PTR TO GET NEXT.

:
GROUP
.................
I..
..
86
02 -
YES
F 3
.-................RECORD
-NAME FOR ERROR LIST
-
..................INCREMENT
.PROJECT MODULE PROCORAM 8REAK
.COPY I HFO GEHL ALLOC ROLL TO

SOURCE ROLL
1<
.G3.
Illl902
PRUNE
:ENTRY FROM WORK:
.~
NO
ALLOCATE
A8SOLUTE ADOR
RECORD ON COEN
ALLOC ROLL
E.
*..* *
PRI NT
EQUIV
ERRORS
e.
~:~SEN!-
NO
.....F2
,Ol850l
... -.
El
----> . :!TH
.. a * ..
84
05
I
I
PRESENCE ON
GENL ALLOC
ROLL INOICATES
THIS
I
I
I
..
.DATA
-. NO
TO PROCESS ON ----,
*. ROLL *
*
*
YES
SAVE LOCATION.
CNTR AS FIRST.
ADDRESS AFTER
EOUIV DATA
:
.................
02
'031150 I
es
.................
- :->\I
:
C~
I
I
I
C2
.. ..
.................
- ALLOCATE ALL
SETS WITH
-NAMES LISTED ON.GEN ALLOC. ROLL

+ MOVE INFC.
-
YES
- I
I..
.~
G.
MAKE FINAL
.ALLOC AND MOVE

INFO TO EOUIV
.ALLOe ROLL FROMGEN ALLOC
.................
I
......
V
02 :
lSI :
.E5 .... .
RE TURN
chart CL.
SAVE AREA, BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOCATION

(.1437
A2
BASE AND
BRANCH TABLE
!;~~~: !!~~
I
V
S2
.SAVE BASE TBL
PTR AND
DISPLACEMENT
FOR START OF
.................
SAVE
Agr,t.
r7
INCREASE
PROGRAM BREAK
tn SAVE AREA
ZE
S'
.................
THl S 'I AR I ABLE

IS USED
TO HOLD OBJECT
MODULE ADDRESSES
BE I NO; ALLOC.
02 ....... .
V
SAVE BASE TBL

PT'" AND DISPLA-.
CEMENT FOR
START OF BA!>E
TABl.E
................ ..
E2
INrREASE
PRiX;RA'" BwE AK
BY BASE TABlf'
SIZE
......... ....... .
I
I
V
: F2 :
CONSTRuCT
REQUIRED BASE.
TABLE ENTRIES.
..................
II
BUILD
ADO I T 10NAL
BASES
G2
S4VE BASE T6L

itp'TR Di SPL .: ... '
FOR START OF
BRANCH T ABl E
.................
I
.. H2 ....
V
*INfREASf PROG
BRf:AK BY
SIZE 8RANCH
*
T A8LF AND MAKE

LABEL ENTR I ES
..................
: J2 :
CONSTRUCT
REQUIREO BASE
TABLE ENTRIES:
BUILD
ADDITIONAL
BASES
.................
Ii
. K2 .
*
RETURN
Section 2:
compiler Operation
87
chart CM.
ALLOCATE SCALARS
..
...... .
A3
J2 .<-,
!
G0397
2 . . . . . . . . . .
A...
INITIALIZE
ALL
NO
AS-
*.

NAM~
NO
BY
*..*
e *
*..*
_ *
*..*
YES
e *
YES
....
.
.....
'039706
VSEE NOTE 2
: C3 :
02
: C :
NO
......
02
SEE NOTE 2
: CS . :
.------->.
.------->.
..................
...................
...................
ALLOCATE FULL.
WORD SCALARS RECORD AND MAP
....
.
....
:
I YES
.*
: - - - - - - - > P:~~~;:~D - - - - - - - > ~~MY SCALA~ - - - - - - - > ~~LL
. :
:SCALAR ALLOCATE:------->:
'039701 A3..
02 :
ALLOCATE HALF
WORD SCALARS.RECORD AND MAP
ALLOCATE
BYTE SCALARS-
.RECORD AND MAP
,039707
: 02 :
05
................
..................
SET
MODE OF NEXT
SCALAR
NOTE 1THESE aUES T IONS

SEPARATE 8 AND
16 BYTE
VARIABLES
.*
E2
SEE NOTE
*.
e.
RETURN
J. . .
1
'039704
SEE NOTE 2
NOTE 2IF OUR ING PASS I.

NO MAP I SPRINTED
AND ALLOCA T ION IS
NOT RECORDED FOR
COMMON ANO EOUIVALENCE SCALARS
INFO IS PICKEO UP
FROM OTHER ROLLS
E3
YES
COMPLEX MODE - - - - - - - > .
*..*
~O
ALLOCATE
STORAGE AND
1 \ . RECORD. PRINT.
I.
MAP
SEE NOTE
*.
F2
j........
.~..
K2
e.
DOUBLE
YES
PRECISIOH
a. a. ,.ooE ._ .a *
NO
..
V
.*
G2
'039703
: G3 :
e.
.SHORT
YES
MOVE GROUP TO
INTEGER - - - - - - - > .
HALF WORD
.,
SCALAR ROLL
*..*
* *
I
.*.
H2
......
V
.*
NO
*,
'039702
H3
K~
YES
MOVE GROUP
SHORT LOGICAL ------->.TO BYTE SCALAR

*.
.*
ROLL
*
e..*
.....
:
....:->
*1 NO
J2
103970B
V
: J2 :
MOVE GROUP TO
FULL WORD
SCALAR ROLL
.................
:.::.
.....:->1
...2.
'039705
PREPARE
TO PROCESS NEXT.
:
SCALAR
:
.................
.....
J
A3
:.-;:. :.
Chart CN.
ALLOCATE ARRAYS
G040J
. 2
ARRAY
ALLOCATE
I
I
82.
V
.................
INITIALIZE
:*:::->1
,040101
*.
e3
,.,
.*
C2
'40104
w.
ALL
...
PRINT
YES
----~
ARRAYS
.,PROCESSEO,
e.
.ANV
P.&QTl.A:'
LINE
-'-
----;,-
c. -
..
...
it
NO
,-I
v
02
-,
HEX T
...
,- ARRAY IN
-, YES
-,COMMON EQUIV, ,*---,
I
_.
-'~~ DUMM~_ ,w it
.. NO
H2 :
E2
.
.................
V
ALLOCATE
STORAGE AND
-RECORD LOCATION.
I
...F2
V
ENTER
INFO IN ARRAY
MAP. PRINT
COMPLFTF LINE
.................
I
GZ
V
(:ALCULAiE
ANO
RECORD BASE
-AND 01 spun
CENTRAL
..
PTRIN -
.................
(::-:->1
..
'040102
it
,-,
H2
*.
*.
..
YES
W.
*, PASS 1
...
..
..
.* ' - ,
v
--
NO
1(2
-JZ..-................
v
REPL ACE GROUP ON ROLL
.... :->
. I
I
-... kZ:
K2
'040103
PREPARE
-TO PROCESS NEXT-,
ARRAY
-
.-.....v
C2 -
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
89
Chart
co.
ADD BASES FOR SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES
A2
.
PASS 1 GLOBAL
SPROG ALLOCATE
I
I
B2
.................
ALIGN TO
FULL WORD
BOUNDARY
C2
.DETERMINE BASE
PTR AND
DISPLACF-MENT
FOR PRESENT LOC.
.................
I
I
02
COMPUTE
LENGTH OF
OBJECT MODULE
SUBPROGRAM ADR
..................
I
E2
.COMPUTE LENGTH
OF OBJECT
MODULE
SUBPROGRAM
ADOR
.................
I
I
....F2
RETURN
...............
90
BUILD
ADDITIONAL
BASES
Chart CP.
ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM ARGUMENT LISTS

G0442
11.2
SPROG ARG.
ALLOCATION
...............
I
...I
B2
.*
..
:*
*.
ZERO
ARGUMENTS
*.
* *
..
.. B3
RETURN
-------->.
............. .
NO
I
C2
V
ALIGN TO A
FULL WORD
BOUNDARY
02
...
DETERMINE
AND
SAVE BASE PTR
AND OISPLACE MENT FOR START
OF ARGUMENTS
I
v
.E2
INCREASE
PROGRAM BREAK
BY SIZE OF
ARGUMENT LISTS.
..F2
CONSTRUCT
REQUIRED BASE.
TABLE ENTRIES.
.................
G2.
RETURN

Section 2:
Compiler Operation
91
Chart CQ.

G0443
142-...............
PREP
HAIIIELIST
-.... -
I
S2.
.-
'04.303
-- FLIP HAIIIELIST **
HAilES AND
*
-NAIIIEL I ST ITEMS -
a4
:~~~~
(::*:->,
C2
.-.
C3
* *
YES
'1
.....02..........
.................
ALL IGN TO
F\Jl..L WORD
BOUNDARY
I
03V
.
RETURN
MOvE
.NAMEL I ST NAIIIES
ROLL GROuP TO
COMMON DATA
TEMP ROLL
I
....FI
II
G2
V
*
*
.................
I
:->1
'0"4306
HJ
MOVE MARkEA
e
DATA
e. NO
*.ON TME ITEMS - - - - > *

*.
ROLL.*
*.
SYMBOL TO
NAMELIST
ALLOCATION
ROLL
* YES
..
...
V
J2
-.
..
i ;": .:
* *
- . 2.
REGISTER
VARIABLE AS A . - - - ,
SCALAR
-
....
V
-*
*
92
INCREASE
PROGRA" BREAK
BY ENTRY SIZE
~~.:~:~
V
*:
.J3 ..:....
....:
....I
V
ALREADY
YES
*. _. DEFINED ._ ,
*.
'04430"
es
OETERM I NE
YES
NUMBER OF
*
AN ARRAY
------->.OIMENSIONS FOR.
SIZE OF TA8LE -
*..*
.. _,':0
ENTRY
::::::...,........
:-> ,
....
.....05..........
OS
......0............ .
.
................. .................
I
........
I
V
,044305
.RECORO VARIABLE.
NAME A S .
:NAMELIST ERROR:
ADO 12 TO
*
SIZE OF ENTRY ON WORK *
....
MZ
ES
V
- MOVE NAMELIST
I TEMS ROLL
GROUP TO
*
*
NAMELIST
*AI.I.OCA TI ON ROI.I.
.................
I
....
- .
: ~~~~!!~:
HZ
: -::-:
*OETERMINE BASE.
POINTER AND
0 I SPl..ACEMENT
FOR PRESENT
*
INCREASE
* PROGRAM BREAK
BY 16 PUT ZERO
ON WORK
C4
.................
H2
NO
YES
.. '.1
I
f2
e.
'0"4307
-.
-.
copy TME
*. NO
COIIIMON DATA
*
DATA
*.ON TME NAMES - - - - > - TEMP ROLL TO
*.
ROLL
.NAMEL 1ST NAMES

*..*
ROLL
'04"302
V
.-.
.*
e.
-.
A SCALAR
*.
.*
*. * * .*
..... .....:
,04"301
84 :
B4
(2
-:
MZ
Chart CR.
ALLOCATE LITERAL CONSTANTS
.... A2
.LITERAL CONST
ALLOCATION
62 .........
a..
..
MOVE LITERAL
TO OUTPUT AREA
PUNCH I F CARD
CORRE.CT
INITIALIZE
*PTRS TO LITERAL.
COII/ST ROLL
.............
.................
I
:
C2
:->1
~~~ N~~~S~~T
COMPARED TO
A POINTER TO
A NEW GROUP
-.
...
C.I........
1044401
C2
-.
ALL
- . YES
CONSTANTS
.---,
. ::CCESS:;o'
.
V
it it
.. NO
02:..... ......:
E4
COMPUTE AND
SAVE PTR FOR
NEXT GROUP ON
:~~;
.-.
V
*.
... *
- PUT BASE PTR
AND
.OISPLACEi'4ENT ON.
- LITERAL CONST
ROLL
.................
I
....
- .
....
- -.... I
E.V
C2 :
E4
1044404
E2
. - PAUSE - .
.OR DATA
- . YES
STi'4T LITERAL . - - - ) - C2 -
*.
..
*
134
..
.*
....
THROW
AWAY OLD
POINTERS
NO
... *
v
: F2 :
... *
INCREASE
PROGRAi'4 BRE AK
-BY NO. BYTES IN.
PLEX
.................
F4
PASS
... *.
FS
... *. Y E S "
..
RETURN
- - - ) .
.*
..
...

.. it
II
NO
.G2 .......
..G...........
.................
AII/Y PART lolL

CARD
DETERMIII/E BASE.
*
PTR AND
DISPLACEMENT
FOR PRESENT
LOCATION
PuNCn
.0 *.
V
.*
*.
.*
"'2
PASS
......
...
...
*.
..
RETURN
..
V
YES
I
J2
1044402
... .... *--,I
...
NO
PUII/CH
REMAIII/III/G
TXT CARD
84
THROW AWAY BASE.
PTR 01 SPLMT
AII/O PTRS TO
THIS LITERAL
.................
I
....
......
V
(2
section 2:
Compiler Operation
93
chart CS.
ALLOCATE FORMATS
42.
FORMAT
ALLOCAT I ON
...............
V
: 82 :
SET
I'-OINTER TO
SUlLO FORMATS
'44502
: 8 :
,...->.
I
.*
C2
.-.
*.
.it
it.
a..*
* it
Cl
*.
it.
PASS
Y E S .
OPE~ATION
._
,044501
COMPUTE AND
SAVE POINTER
TO NEXT
FORMAT
GROUP
:_>
NO
03 -. *.
'044503
.04
....
PUNCH A N Y .
-------> DATA
LEFT ON
------>
TXT CARD
;ES
..... E3 ......... .
INCREASE.
PROGRAM
OBTAIN
BREAK B Y .
.. UMBER OF WORDS.
:NUM~~R Fg~M:~TES:
:
FOR FORMAT
.................
.................
..... Fl
e.
e.
PASS
*.
*.
* *
.-
.-
NO
I
G2
.44602
.CALCULATE BASE.
ANO
01 SPLACEMENT
FOR FORMAT
YES
,
. . .................
V
(2 :
'II
MOVE FORMAT
TO OUTPUT
AREA PUNCH
IF CARD
COMPLETE
.............
I
......
: Gl :
REBUILD
FORMAT ROLL
:WITH BASE PNTR :
.................
C2 :
..H3
'II
PRINT FORMAT
MAP. IF
OPTION
SPEC IF lEO
.............
......
V
94
PRINT MAP
LINE
REMAINING
*..*
E2
.05
FORMAT
NO
TO PROCESS
........ j........
..
RETURN
*.._
: .::.
02. ....
F2
it _
1 YES
I
I
DATA
NO
TO PROCESS
- - - - ) 1
:BASES REOUIRED :
:.~:. :->!
' 601
NOTE
ADDITIONAL
.................
....... ..........
FORMAT ROLL
03 :
I
I
.ES ..... .
V
RETURN
Chart CT.
MAP EQUIVALENCE
A2 ......
EOUIV
MAP
...............
..I
V
BZ
.*
*.
ANY
EOUI V ... LENCE
*.
*.
OAT....*
NO"
.*----)*
..
*- ....
* YES
.B3
RETURN
I
V
e2
PRINT
HE ... DING FOR
EOUIV MAP
02
.DETERMINE DELT ....

FOR EOUI V"'LENCE.
... DDRE SSES DCB
TO B ... SE TABLE.
: ~!~~ :
E2
FLIP THE
EOul v
: ... LLOC ... TJON POLL:
.................
.:->1I
:
F2
104410\
F2
-.
DATA ON
EoulV
NO
ALLOCATION
*.
*.
*.
.. ..
ROLL
.*
1044\02
.*
COpy
COMMON NAME
TEMP ROLL TO
EOUIV ALLO-
: ..S~!~~~.:~~~
Gz
*
MOVE NEXT
COROUP TO
CENTRAL;
INCREASE
....
YES
.V
DATA 1 HOLDS
THE ADDRESS
OF THE
VARIABLE
.. F3
: G3 :
!UPOA T~R~~~GRAIoC :
....:
.................
HZ . . *
*
...... H3.
:~~:~~~
ENTER INFO IN
MAP. PRINT IF
LI NE COMPLETE :
.................
J2
.DETERMINE B"'SE
POINTER AND
DISPL ... CEMENT

: FOR VARIABLE
PRINT
PARTIAL LINE
Of MAP
.. J3
.................
RETURN
1(2
V
PUT GROUP
FOR VARIABLE
ON COMMON
.----,
I
.... !~:~.:~~~.... ....
v
NAfIi1ES
.......
F2
section 2:
Compiler operation
95
Chart
cu.
ALLOCATE SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES

G0403
-A2
... :~~~~:!~ ..
-
GLOB"'L
SPROG
82
V
FLIP THE
GLOB ... L SPROG
ROLL
.................
. . I
-->1
*
- I
-
C2
104030 I
0*0
C2 . .
...
.....e3..........
'040303
..
DATA ON
THE GLOB ... L
..
-00 * - - - > NO
- 0 * 0~~~~G 0 _ 0 *
....
D ... T ... TEI4P

ROLL TO
----->.
-
.................
: GLOB~~L~PROG
... ...
i
. C....
COPY COMMON
YES
..
................
.
I
:->1
'040304
o.
02.. ..........
MOVf NEXT
'('ROUP OFF ROLL
TO CENTR ... L
o. ...
0
* *
-
II
0- 0-
<2
... ...
... *
-
I
I
I
YES"
..
0 - - - - - ) * INSERT ZERO T ... G-
*.
... [3 .........
...
DUMMY
..
...
..
VALUE
~~~~~.~~~
I
L~.
I
....
....!
v
(2
ES . . . . . . . . . . ..
-0
M... RK GROUP
fOR INLINE
FUNCTION
J3
H3
~~~~~.~~~
I
J3
.->
I
I
v
*J3
PUT C,ROUr'
-ON C014140N D ... T ...
TEI4P HOLL
.
.
04
v
. . . . . . ..
:
-
H3 :
PRINT P ... RTI ... L LINE OF SPRDG

LIST IF
REOUES TED
.............
1
I
I
...... FS
V
PUNCH
P ... RTI ... L ESO
C ... RD
I
.GS
V
RETURN
NO
.----,
... LLOC ... TE
STOH ... GE fOR

.... DD~lSS RECORD.PHINT LIST
-
96
...
I
. 3
:...
...:
...
.*.*.
II
V
I
....
.-....--
.-................
________--JI
PUT GROUP
-ON COMMON 0 ... T...
TEI4P ROLL
(,2..
1040302
.. YES
I
I
I
SPROG ... LLOC ... TE I
",NO OUTPUT
I
OS
COPY C014140N
D ... T ... TEI4P
ROLL TO
USED LIS
FUNCT I ON RoLL -
0.---->-
.... *
II
NO
YES
*. *.
...
E4
o.
INLINE
FUNCTION
II
NO
,040308
V
. . . . . *F 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
"'LLOC ... TE
STOR ... GE FOR
.... OORE SS RECORD

-(PRINT LIST)
..
.*
-00-
I
.a.v
'040307
.0 .0
D... T ... ON
-. THE USED LIB
- 0
ROLL
0-
0-0
04
FLIP
TtiE USED LIB
ROLL
SPRDG ... LLOC ... TE

... NO OUTPUT
Chart
cv.
BUILD AND PUNCH NAMELIST TABLES

G0405
...A2
BUILO
NAMEL I ST
..
....
!:~ .. ~
84
..
*.
..
,*,
*.
ti2
DA T A ON
NAMELIST
NAMES
... ROL L
..
...
NO"
*---) *
..f:j3 ......
RETURN
64.. ..... .
..
..
,40500
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MovE FIRST 'I

WORDS OF
I TEM ENTRY
TO CODE ROLL
AND PI)NCH
;;;.;.;.:;;.;;;;;..;.-.--
I
II
YES
I
V
..
FL! P
(4
..
NAMEL 1ST NAMES

ANO NAMEL 1ST
ALLOCATION
THE LATTER
HaLOS THE
I T[MS FROM
THE NA"'ELIST
LIST
ROLLS
,.
*.
'.
PRINT HEAOING
FOR NAMf.LIST
MAP IF
"
1040505
~3
w.
UAT A
'.
LEFT ON
.,
NAMEL 1ST
.,
N .. Mrs
,*
-.RnLL
.. ..
.*
NO
,.--->.
COpy COMMON
OATA TEMP
ROLL
TO NAM[LIST
NA""ES ROLL
.............
I
II
I
I
I
I
.... *G2. ..
...................
v
..GJ ....... ..
V
puT BASf ANO
0 I <;PL ACEME NT
O~ NAHlt. !sr
T ABLE ON (01'4-
1'40"1 OATA TEMP'
..
.. HZ ..
I
I
.->

Iv
I .
..................
.
.................
I
....
..
,',
OATA. ONe.
, . NAMELIST
. , NO
ALLOCATtON
.'--,
.,
ROLL
,.
I
THE .... 0
ANSWFR INDcATEs EITOotER
NO DATA OR
A MARKfR
*.
*.
.UPDAT[ PRLGWAM
BRE AK
.................
J2
H4
MOVE NAMfLI<;T
NAME AND 2
WORDS OF 0 TO
CODE ROLL AND
OUTPUT
1040502
..
F 3
PUNCH AND PRINT
REMAINING
INFO IF
REQUlSTE.)
.............
J2
ENTER NAME'
LaC IN MAP
LINE PRINT
IF LINE
COMPL E T l
.)2
.. -F2 ....
~~~~
II
..... ......:
I
....
.
............ .....
Yf <;
I
I
I
J2
(2
MOVE ALL
DIMfNSION
'FACTOil!:; TO COOE*
"
.......
\I
YES
I
:->1
.'
.. 04.
~~~~~;!~~
,04050 I
*---,
02 ........ .
., ,,0
AN
.'
.'
'.
VAw I ABLf
'.
ARRAY
'.
II
,. ..
v,
C2
...................
...
I
v
E2
.
..I... .
. .
' '
YES
84
H4
Section 2:
compiler Operation
97
Chart
cw.
BUILD BASES
G0438
A2
BUILD
ADDITIONAL
BASES
...............
....B2 . II
.->1
B2
OBTAIN
PRESENT PROGRAM.
LOCATION
.................
...
v
C2
....
MAX FOR YES
LAST BASE
....
* NO
-
i
02
..
..................
INCREMENT
BASE ALLOCATION.
E2.
REGISTER
NEW BASE
ALLOCATION
.................
B2 .
....
98
-------->.
.*
C3
HETURN
.............
chart
Cx.
DEBUG ALLOCATE
..... A2
DEBUG
ALLOCATE
82
...
".ON
*.
I
:->1
... *.
v
82
DATA
INIT
-.
.. .*.
ROLL
.- .*
*
: 83 :
NO
..
INVERT
.................
I
I
C2
C3
E2.~
*.
I .................
CENTRAL
...
*.
* *
"
...
I
v
G3
..
MATCHING
YES
II
I
SE T
THE. INIT BIT IN

THE GLOBAL OMY
ROLL GROUP
..
"
82
-.
NO
YE..::i
:"
(]
.:
""SET THE SUBCHK

BIT I N THE
"
ARRAY ROLL
NO
"*
"
...... ......
...... ....
"
.
I
~~~~~
"
*..
82
..
Jz
....... ..
....
*.
H]
.GROuP ON GLOBAL.----,
OMY ROLL
I
... ...
... *.
" GR~~~A~N " ,

ROLL
I
.. *
v
I
I
.. *.
."
. - ;..jlit.TC";iNG
I <_____.J
1<
ARRAY ROLL
GROUP
II
YES
~~iTT~~ +~~i
"
H2
I
I
I
I
I
I
"
:Gz ...
.................
I
...
.*
SET
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I
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OMY ROLL ."
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section 2:
Compiler Operation
99
Chart 07.
PHASE 3 - UNIFY
.. ...... ....
. 2 ...... ..
I
...................
I
.. 8Z .......
e.............
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START
UNIFY
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ROLL
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.................
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100
F2
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I
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....
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...............
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08A2
Chart DA.
BUILD ARRAY REF ROLL

G0145
....ARRAY
A2
REF
ROLL
ALLOTMENT
................
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.
GET
BEG i NN PlG
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r.
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OF PARSE SAVE
AREA
.
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03
..NO. OF
04
GET NUMBER.
ENTRIES YES
OF ARRAY REF X EQUAL ZERO X.

RETURN
ROLL ENTRI ES
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. *
NO
.....
E 2
. x ............................................... ..
LOAD GROUP
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INITIAL ZEROS
....
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o.
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Section 2:
Compiler operation
101
Chart DB.
MAKE ADDRESS CONSTANTS
GO I 13
1011103
"'DR
TO
CaNST
.......... 44 .... ........ ..
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CODE
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01 SPLAClMENT)
IN 0'" T ... 3
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-
I
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.........
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-SET UP POINTER
FOR LOOP
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34
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chart DC.
INSTRUCTIONS
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GET
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I
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I
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V
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...............
section 2:
Compiler Operation
103
Chart DD.
A3
GO I I
..
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00
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chart 08.
PHASE 4 - GEN
a
....
.
.. " ..
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Ii
G0493
G0491
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...... .....:
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I
V
S.. ..--->.
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82
.
............ .... ....
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FROM POLISH
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INITIALIZE
I
i
G0515
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PRODUCE ALL
REQUI REO
CODE I'
PRODUCED
ON THE CODE
ROLL
GOll96
:~!~.~~~~~-~~:~:
:~~~;~~-~~~:~~~~:
IJ
0.
02
G0504
.................
................ .......
STA GEN-EGA2
'GEN OBJECT CODE'

'FOR STMT IF END'
5TMT TERM PHS
PRODuCE CODE
F OR HE AD I NG
AND ALL ENTR
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G0499
CII
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...... *l2"""
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a fPILOGUE CODE
F2
G0508
.................
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a
a
I
I
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a_>1
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II
F 2
POL ISH
NOTAl 10 ..
IS ON AFT[R
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a
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....
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section 2:
Compiler Operation
105
Chart EA.
GENERATE ENTRY CODE

G0499
...... .
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............ .
ENTRY
COOE GEN
....
..
*
."
82
.. .
...
133 . . . . . . . . . . .
...
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..
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PUT
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".1. SUBPROGRA . . . "---->*PROGRAM H[ADINC,"

...
.*
.. ON coor ROLL ..
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..
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INITI.LIZf A
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ENTr, 'f NAME S

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II
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INSERT
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CODE
..................
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I
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1
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PUT CODE
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SUBPROGRAII4
ENTRY ON
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"
............... ..
GENERATE
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"COUNT OF GRUUP""
10 PROCf5S
..
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0
I
0->1
04
.,
.....
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...
."
04
GE",ERATE
ADDRESS
CONST ANT
FOR PROLOGUE
: :;~l~~~~;
I
J2
.
II
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AREA AD CON
COOE FOR EXIT.
... ..............
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106
B4
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j
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REOUCE
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OF
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ENTRY NAME
CODE
..................
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I
I
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I1
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*
* ..... *.*
I
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1
1
*NO. GROUPS *.
...
ON ENTRY
*.NAMES = 1.*
I
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LOCATION AT
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PROGR"M ENTf<Y
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V
GENERAT(
PROLOGUE
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....
.. ...
"
04
..
. OS . . .
................... .
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..
Chart EB.
PR0LOGUE CODE GENERATION

GOS04
...... 1.2 . . . . . . . . . ..
:
.........................
PROLOGUE GEM
..
I
....
82
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V
INITIALIZE
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ENTRY NAflilES
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05402
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02
UPDATE'
CLEAR
POINTER TO
. - - - - - - - > . BASE REGISTER
.OF GROUPS TO BE.
PUT LOCATION
OF CLOSE OF
PROLOGUE [N
ENTRY NAMES
ROLL GROUP
.................
.................
'050401
B4
.. C2
RETURN
NO
I
.... E2..........
V
...E3........
BUILO A
LABEL
REDUCE COUNT
.OF GROUPS TO RE.--->.INSTRUCTION FOR'
PROCE S S E D '
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II
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FOR LOADING
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ANY
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V
COHTRUCT CODE
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.................
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it
BUILD DEOUG
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NO, [N CODE
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START COOE ON
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I
....
.. ..
;..
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Section 2:
Compiler Operation
107
Chart EC.
EPILOGUE CODE GENERATION

COSOS
..... ~2"""""
fPIL::JGI)!,
GE'I
.
'050803
......
83. ... ....
*.
B2
SUBP'<OGRAM ' . YES
OBTAIN NO.
' . ENTFRING TO X' OF GROUPS TO
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.
C3 '
',X,
....
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SE T
LAA"L
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................................ ..
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...
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03 ....
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(LOSE.j,
"PlL(lG'_'~ 0,
MA I ~j Pk(;l
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. .U4
................
-AS REQUIRED HiR.
oP I t OGUE
RETURN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 . . . . . . . . . ..
.......... E2 .... ...... ..
BUilD
MA I N PROLOGUE
CODE
RE TI!R:,
x
..... E3
.
'!lUllO INSTRUCT.
FOR DUMMY
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TRANSFER
.'.
........ F 2 ................ ..
.050802
F3
..
.. ....... F 4* . . . . . . . . . .
. ' ENTRY..
DEFINED
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PRUNE
AS SC.ALAR
X-LAST ENTRY FROM X. Gl
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IRETURN)
................................ ..
108
. . . . . . (4
"
ALL
' . YES
PRUNE
GROUPS
. . . . . . . . . . X'lAST ENTRY FROM'
',PROCESSED.'
WORK ROLL
~~~f~uE9tgN
AND C.L EAR

AC.CUMULATOR
....... _........ .
. .
Gl
G4
1050S:;'
G4.
:BUILO CODE FOR:
CLOSE OF
EPILOGUE OF
:.... ~~~:~~~
.....
..... H4.
.................
X
....
'DECREASE NUMBER.
OF GROUPS TO
X. C3
PROCE S S
Chart ED.
MOVE POLISH NOTATION

G071~
"2
GET POLISH
...............
I
I
I
I
92
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TO AFTER POLISH.
ROLL
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I
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FOR snH TO
POL I SH ROLL
.................
I
I
02.
..................
V
UPOATE CONTROLS.
FOR AFTER
POL I SH ROLL
I
II
I
E2
RETURN
...............
Section 2:
compiler Operation
109
Chart EF.
PROCESS LABELS
G0493
A2 ...... .
LBL
PROCESS
.
.
......
B3
83 ...
......... ....... .
.. ....... .........
82 ....
'MAKE LABEL FOR

'OEBUG CODE-PUT
'BRANCH ON CODE
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GENERATE STMT CODE

G0515
14.2
STA GE~
...............
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II
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I
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B4 .. . .....=
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I
1
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V
....
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r
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.................
THE JUMP TO
APPROPRIATE
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THE CONTROL
DRIVER IN WO
AND THE STA
RUN TABLE.
II
I
"**f'2===
RETURN
...............
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
111
chart EH.
COMPLETE OBJECT CODE

G0496
A2
STA GEN
FINISH
...............
1
I
->1
b2

049603
1
V
Ei2
DATA
ON DO
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I
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03
REPLACE OROUP
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.................
1049602
CONSTRUCT
00 CLOSING CODE.
ON CODE ROLL
.................
I
.
E3 .-> I
1
V
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11
E3..
..................
V
RESET TEMP
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112
B2
.F3
RETUR ....
...............
Chart 09.
PHASE 5 - IE'iEXT
GO)!!I
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f:X II'
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.................
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1 . .
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.................
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o
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CHART OJ
A2
TO INVOCATIOtol
PHASE
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'II"
1<----------
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.................
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I
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.................
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f l
co-Fltr.2'
1______ -------
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
113
Chart FA.
PUNCH CONSTANTS AND TEMP STORAGE
G0382
A2
PUNCH TEMP
AND CONST ROLL

...............
82.
INITIALIZE
LOCATION
COUNTER AND TXT.
CARO
.................
C2
INITIALIZE
PDINTER TO TEMP
AND CONST AOLL
~
TOP
.................
:.::.:->1
.
'038201 02 ... ..
.-
-.
-. -. .- ..
-.. -
03
ROLL
YES
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---->
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.................
v
.....
F2 v
OVE NEXT GROUP.
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BUFFER. PU~CH
IF CARO
COMPLETE
I
v
....02 .
114
E3
RETURN

PUNCH PART JAL

TXT CARD
Chart FB.

G0383
. .2..
PUNCH ... DR
CONST ROLL
B2
DETERMINE BE-
GINNING ... DR OF
TEMPOR ... RY STG
... ND CONST
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.................
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,038301
..
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....
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*.
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.*
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RETURN
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YES
I
V
02
INITIALIZE
LOC ... TION
COUNTER FROM
POINTER ... NO
BEGINNING ... OR
.................
II
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PL ... CE ... RE...
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ROLL ON
RLD ROLL
.................
I
V
..... F2
SET LOC CTR

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.................
I
I
G2
PUT LOC ... TION
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CONST ROLL
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.................
v
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PUNCH P ... RTI ... L
C ... RD
.............
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v
....
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Section 2:
Compiler Operation
115
Chart FC.
PUNCH OBJECT CODE

(,0384
*
*
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...............
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.................
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85
..
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116
84
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I
03
o.
A
* DEFINE LABEL *
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Chart FD.
PUNCH BASE TABLE

G0399
****A2******
PUNCH
BASE ROLL
...............
I
II
1
~~~:=a2===----w-
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.................
I
I
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*
INITIALIZE
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SWEEP BASE
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................
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..
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.*
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I
I
F2
*
INCREMENT
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.................
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*
RETURN
...............
I
I
II
I
**G2*******
RECORD ESD
*
* + LOC COUNTER *
*
ON RLD ROLL
*
.................
1
I
1
.
..................
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H2
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I
I
I
....
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E2
section 2:
Compiler Operation
111
Chart FE.
PUNCH BRANCH TABLE

G0400
. A2
PUNCH
BRANCH ROLL
...............
I
II
I
I
B2
INITIALIZE
BRANCH TABLE
LOC COUNTER
.................
I
I
C2..
V
INITIALIZE
POINTER TO
aRANCH TABLE
ROLL
.................
I
I
02
S.EEP BASE
BRANCH ROLL
..................
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.... ,
E2
:->1
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... ... .. ...
V
11040001
E3
E2
ALL
YES
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-------->
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PUNCH
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............ .
I
NO
I
I
F2
.
INCREMENT
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.................
I
II
I
G2
V
RECORD ESD
ANO LOC COUNTER.
ON RLD ROLL
.................
I
I
H2.
MOVE
GROUP TO
BUFFER, PUNCH
IF CARD
COMPLETE
.................
I
I
I
........
V
118
E2
II
F3
RETURN
...............
Chart FF.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM ARGUMENT LISTS

G0402
.. A2
...............
PUNCH
s~::;aG
~;:;:G
ROLL
I
I
82
v
"INITIALIZE LOC."
COUNTER. TXT
"
CARD OUTPUT
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AREA AND
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140201
.:~
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REMAINING
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=:.-'''-''--->
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V
. 03 .
v
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..................
RETURN
... *.
v
E2
El

GROUP=O
YES
------->:
:~
:.~::~.~~::~~!~.:
*. * *.*
MOVE GROUP
TO TXT
0~0~~~ ~~E'"
NO
.. !
..
..
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40203
F2
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...
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YE 5
.----->"
*.
* *
..
..
COMPUTE
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LOCATION
NO
1040204
V
: G2 :
COMPUTE
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LOCATION
II
j< _ _- - - . J
-.. ..HZ.-..
v
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v
INSURE
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MARK
I
..K2.
v
MOVE
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ARE A
"
.-,
... .......
I
v
..
C2 ..
Section 2:
compiler Operation
119
Chart FG.
PUNCH SUBPROGRAM ADDRESSES
.... A2
PUNC"
...............
GLOBAL
SPPO('
ROLl
[;0\
.... *ti2 ...

o
.... art.
1040302
"
t P THf
CL OBAL SP~O(,
UOLL
fL
5 TORf
0
OLOCATION ON RLOO
QOLL
.................
I
I
I
I
(2
.0.
'.
OA T A
I.
ON
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f'-if
'.
.0
.'
NO'
.*--->*
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TURN
UFF
.................
af-l AL.
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Of f
.ORn-
"';Vf
I SO
TO RL[)
1-40t L
NUMtlf
V
IF '2
Of Tf " " I N[
L D( A T I ON OF
"
.................
ADORE <;S
0.
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'.
O
'
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o.
'.
FL AC,.
ON
Yf S
1--,
I
I
."
o.
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I
I
.... IH2
.................
V
<,TORf
LOCAT I ON IN
LaC. COUNTER
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o
INITIALIZE
AR( A.
TURN ON
SUI:lPROG. FLAG
OUTPUT
.................
a4
"
120
"
....
B4
NO
I
...
V
iJ4
..
05 ..... .
.. ..
J
.*
.0
PUNCH
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CARD .
YES
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.................
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I
I
I
I
I
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[5 .....
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I1<- If ;?
MOVE
0 TO OUTPUT
"AREA. PUNCH IF
CARD CDMPLE: TE
o.
1
1
040 III I
RETURN
OAT A
NO
" . ON THE nOLL . 0 _ _ _ >
'-,\JHPf.Jn('''''A~
... c.I....... .
10403011
..
.... aD?.
o
C3 ...... .
Chart FH.
COMPLETE ADDRESSES FROM LIBRARY

GO.O
A.2
...............
PUNCH USED
LIBRARY
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......
I
82
.
~~~~
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..................
V
STORE
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ROLL
LI B
THE
ROLL
(2
0
it
o.v
*.
.*
DATA ON THE
ROLL
NO.
0.--->.
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it
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r
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0 TO ouTPUT
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: CARD COMPLETE :
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t
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DESTROY
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.--,
NO
I
I
I
I
I
.ES.
I
I
I
PLINCH
ANY PARTI AL
CARD
RETURN
................. ....
"
..
YES
,0
05
DATA ON THE . 0 - - - >
ROLL
04
[2
-->t
f2
O ->
02

................
.
....
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04
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o
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o
RLD ROU
.
0
I
I
II
I
G2
'I
DETERMINE
LOCATION OF
FUNCT ION
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......... ........
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V
H2
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o.
0"1
I
o.
I
v
NO
II
B4
I
I
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V
o
STO~E
LOCATION IN LaC.
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0
I
I
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v
o
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o OUTPUT ARE A 0
TUnPII
ON
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....
8_
section 2:
Compiler Operation
121
Chart Fl.
PUNCH ADDRESS CONSTANTS

(;0405
A2**
.
...............
PUNCH
ADCON ROLL
.... ,
I
.:->1...
:
62
..
* ..
82
.*
..
*.
NO
.DATA ON ROI_L ---->.
...*
*
...
YES
C2.
.................
SET AREA
CODE FROM ~AST

WORD ON ROLL
I
I
'I
02
SET ADDRtSS
WHERE CaNST
.15 TO BE LOADED
FROM NEXT WORD
ON ROLL
.................
I
I
E2
MOVE INFO
TO OUTPUT
AREA AND PUNCH
.............
I
I
I
F2
SET
UP RLD ROLL
ENTRY
.................
I
I
..
V
122
B2
1:13
.............. .
~FTURN
Chart FJ.
PUNCH RLD CARDS
GO~6~
"
: 2 :
OROER A N D "
PUNCH RL.D
,,-
" """" ..
ORT
--->"" SRL.D
CARDS
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"
"
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E4 :
""
"PL.ACE PHEvlOvs
VAL.UE IN CARC
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YES
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II
I
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C~
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..
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....
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82
-->"
,41615
PuNCH "LO
ROLL
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i~iR i~r .~~~z
L.IKE
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TE"'P AND CONST ROL.LS
ARE USED AS TEMP
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"
ON
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f
I
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I
I
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1*
1*
ti2
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"
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"
.................
....
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N[W
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I
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V
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section 2:
[SO
NO.
..
NO
.....
FS
..
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PUNC,", AN RLO
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41602
l5
.* ROOM ' .
.-FOR HE. 1:.5D'.
r-*. NO. ON CARD
YES
I I
.F..
..
..
....
..
" "
"..
"
..
...."
.
""
C2
"
Compiler Operation
123
chart FR.
PUNCH END CARDS
"'2
PUNCH
END CARD
...............
I
1/
.-
82
-SET UP END CARD-
-.................I
II
I
I
1/
r2
PUNCH END CARD
02
...............
RfTURN
124
Chart FL.
PUNCH NAMELIST TABLE POINTERS

G0564
II
ft. A~t~:~:
......
NAMELisT MPY
OAT"
.ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
...
..
B2
.. .
0'" TAo
ON
..
...
NO"
NAMEL 1ST MPY - - - - > .

-.OATA ROLL...
....ft
.... ...
.. . B3
TXT
CA~O
I
V
C4.
...................
INCREASE
TEMPORARY
.STORAGE POINTER*
.CALCULATE NEXT.
ADDRESS IN
TEMPORARY
STORAGE AREA
.->
02
02
,056401
1/
MOVE
OF
..
FRO'"
~AMELJ';T
D2
...
DATA
..
:~~';. ft . . . . . .
E2
...
.. . ..
0.
ANYTHING
...
MOVED
ft.
"
LOCATION.
PO INTER
[tI4PY
ft.
THE
.............
I
C2.
.................
...... I
.. ..
...
YES
PUNCH
..
B4
RETURN
..
84
... ...
..
...
NO
ft _ _ _
...
..
>*
E 3..
RETURN
..

YE. S
.
....................
ftf- I
ft . . . . . .
*,,,,,TTAl!lf TXT
CARD TO LOAD
..
LI1CltrlON
INOI' ATfO
..
ww_ .. t-:',c
Sf T
uP RLD ENTRY
FOR WORD IN
"
"
*NAMf:L I ST
"
.....
~,
TABLE
.... ft . . . . . . . . .
"
"
.
..
ft.
H2
...."
"
"MOVE MUL1IPl.ILR"
TO TEMP AND
CONST ROLl
I
I
..... ...;2,."
v
..
~nvf
~OIN:l~
..
( &.H '..
TO
Tx.T
I M.AG[
..
..
.. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ft
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A:4
"
Section 2:
Compiler Operation
125
APPENDIX A:
This appendix deals with the POP language, the language in which the FORTRAN IV
(G) compiler is written. The parts of the
appendix describe this language in the
following way!
THE POP LANGUAGE
The mnemonic codes for the POP instructions are of the form IEYxxx.
In the
following discussion, the characters lEY
are omitted from the mnemonics in t.he
interest of ease of reading, and only the
xxx portion of the code appears
The
ficst
part describes the POP
instructions, which are grouped according to their functions.
TRANSMISSIVE INSTRUCTIONS
The second part describes the labels
used in the routines of the compiler.
The third part discusses the assembly
and operation of the compiler, as it is
affected by th~ use of the POP language.
This part ends with a crossreference list giving the mnemonic for
each instruction, the hexadecimal code
which represents it, and the instruction group in which it is described.
The instructions described in this section are primarily involved in

moving
information from place to place in storage.
APH G:
Assign and Prune Half

The upper halfw~rd of (WO) --> the
lower halfword of G, where G is a
storage address; the upper halfword
of G remains unaltered; the BOTTOM
of the WORK roll is reduced by
four, thus pruning WOe
POP INSTRUCTIONS
ARK G:
For the purpose of describing their
operation, the POP instructions have been
divided into groups according to the primary function which they perform. Where a
particular POP instruction pertains to more
than one group,
it is described in the
group which discusses its most important
functions.
(WO) --> P + (G), where P is the

address defined by the pointer in
Wi and G is a storage address; the
BOTTOM of the WORK roll is reduced
by four,
thus pruning the value
assigned and keeping the pointer.
ARP G:
2.
3.
Parentheses are used to indicate -the

contents of;- thus (G) stands for the
contents of storage address G, where
all addzesses are fullword addresses.
The arrow is used to indicate transmission in the direction of the arrow;
(G) + 1 --> G reads: the contents of
storage address G, plus
one, are
transmitted to storage address G.
ASK G:
Assign to Storage and Keep

(WO) --> G, where G is a storage
address; the BOTTOM of the WORK
roll is unchanged.
ASP G:
Assign to Storage and Prune

(WO) --> G, where G is a storage
roll is reduced by four, thus pruning the current WOe
Wn
(n=1,2,3, )
refers
to
the
BOTTOM, BOTTOM-1, etc., words on
the WORK roll.
It should be noted that in many cases

the address field, G, of the instruction
contains a value other than a storage
address (for instance, a roll name).
In
most of these cases, the symbolic reference
which is used is defined in the program by
means of an EQU card.
Assign Relative to Pointer

(WO) --> P + (G), where P is the
Wi and G is a storage address; the
by eight, thus pruning the current
WO and Wi.
In the descriptions of the instructions,

the following notational conventions are
employed:
1.
Assign Relative to Pointer and Keep
BOP G:
Build on Polish
The control driver G is built on
the POLISH roll, where the G field
of the instruction is the lower
eight bits of the ADDRESS portion
Appendix A:
The POP Language
127
BOTTOM
of
the
increased by four.
of the desired driver.

(The TAG
field of the pointer contains zero,
and the OPERATOR field contains
255.)
CAR G:
ECW G:
EOP G:
ETA G:
The number of words on roll G -->

WO, where G is a roll number; the
BOTTOM of
the
WORK
roll
is
increased by four.
CPO G:
copy Plex On
plex pointed to by the pointer
G
is the number of the target roll,
except for the first word of the
plex (which holds the number of
words in the plpx, exclusive of
itself).
The BOTTOM of the WORK
roll is reduced by four, thus pruning the pointer.
The BOTTOM of
roll G is increased by four for
each word moved; the BOTTOM of the
original roll is unchanged.
FET G:
FLP G:
FRK G:
Fetch
Flip
Fetch Relative to Pointer and Keep

(P + (G --> WO, where P is the
WO and G is a storage address; the
BOTTOM
of
the
WORK
roll is
increased by
four; thus,
the
pOinter remains in Wi.
copy Relative to Pointer
FRP G:
Fetch Relative to Pointer

(P + (G
--> wa, where P is the
Wo and G is a storage address; the
BOTTOM of
the
WORK
roll
is
unchanged; thus, the painter is
destroyed.
Fetch Half
Extract Address
The ADDRESS portion of (G) --> WO,
where G is a storage address; the
128
Extract Tag
Invert the order of roll G, where G

is a roll nl~er, word for word.
FTH G:
EAD G:
Extract Operator
(G) --> WO, where G is a storage

roll is increased by four.
in Wo is copied to roll G, where
Copy roll S to roll G, where G is a

roll number, beginning with the
group indicated by the pointer in
WO, to the BOTTOM of the roll. The
roll number S is also provided by
the pointer in WOe The BOTTOM of
roll S is decreased by the number
of bytes moved. The BOTTOM of roll
G is increased by the number of
bytes moved.
The BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is unchanged; thus, the
pointer remains.
Effective Constant Addressto Work
TAG portion of (G) --> TAG portion

of WO, where G is
a
storage
The
CRP G:
Effective Address to Work
The OPERATOR portion of (G) --> WO

(right adjusted), where G is a
storage address; the BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is increased by four.
Clear and Add
count
is
G --> WO, where G is a storage

address which refers to a constant
under a constant base. The BOTTOM
of the WORK roll is increased by
four.
Clear WO; (G) --> WO f where G is a

wOHK tl)ll is w"!changed ..
CN'!' G:
roll
G --> WO, where G is a storage

Copy and Release

Copy roll G, where G is a roll
number, to roll T, and release roll
G (i.e., restore it to its condition before the last reserve); the
number T is fonnd in WO; the BOTTOM
of the WORK roll is reduced by
four.
If roll G is in the reserved
state
when this instruction is
executed, the instruction sets its
BOTTOM to (TOP) minus four; if the
roll is not reserved, BOTTOM is set
to (BASE).
CLA G:
EAW G:
WORK
The lower halfword of (G) --> upper

halfword of WO, where G is
a
storage address; the lower half-
error.
The count of errors of the
severity associated with the message 1S increased by one, and the
MAX STA ERROR NUMBER is updated as
required.
If (ANSWER BOX) = false,
the instruction does nothing.
word of WO is set to zero; the

BOTTOM
of
the
WORK
roll is
increased by four.
lAD G:
Insert Address
The ADDRESS portion of (G) --> the
ADDRESS portion of the pointer in
WO, where G is a storage address;
the BOTTOM of the WORK roll is
unchanged.
lOP G:
LGP G:
Loads the group specified by the

pointer in Wo into SYMBOL 1, 2, and
3, DATA 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
The
number Gis the number of bytes to
be loaded; if G=O, the entire group
is loaded.
The BOTTOM of the WORK
roll
is
unchanged; hence,
the
pointer remains in WOe
Insert Operator
of
the
G --> OPERATOR
portion
pointer in WO, where the G field of
the
instruction is the desired
OPERATOR value: the BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is unchanged.
ITA G:
Insert Tag
TAG portion of (G) --> TAG portion
of the pointer in WO, where G is a
WORK roll is unchanged.
ITM G:
LSS G:
MOC G:
Last Character Error
Last Character Error if False

If (ANSWER BOX) = false,
the last
character count and the address
G --> ERROR roll, where G is the
address of the message for the
error. The count of errors of the
severity associated with the message is increased by one, and the
MAX STA ERROR NUMBER is updated as
required. If (ANSWER BOX) = true,
the instruction does nothing.
MON G:
Move on
(WO) --> roll G, where G is the
roll number; the BOTTOM of roll G
is increased by four; the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll is decreased by four.
NOG G: Number of Groups

The number of groups on roll G -->
WO, where G is the roll number; the
BOTTOM
of
the
WORK
roll is
increased by four.
LeT G: Last Character Error if True

If (ANSWER BOX) = true, the last
character count and the address
where G is the
G --> ERROR roll,
address of the message for the
Move on Code
G halfwords, where G is an even
number, are to be moved from the
WORK roll to the CODE roll.
A word
containing a special value in the
first two bytes and the number of
words transferred in the last two
bytes are first placed on the CODE
roll. G/2 words of information are
then moved from the WORK roll to
the CODE roll; the BOTTOM of the
CODE roll is increased by four for
each word placed on the LU~~;
the
by four for each word moved from
the roll.
A location counter is
increased by the number of bytes of
object code placed on the roll.
The last character count and the

address G --> ERROR roll, where G
is the address of the message for
the error. The count of errors of
the severity. associated with the
message is increased by one, and
the MAX STA ERROR t~uMBER (which
indicates
the
highest severity
level of errors for the present
statement) is updated as required.
LeF G:
Load Symbol from Storage

Loads the (G and- G+4), where G is a
storage address, into SYMBOL 1,
2,
and 3, and DATA O. -
Insert Tag Mode

Mode portion of the TAG field of
(G) --> mode portion of the TAG
field of the pointer in WO, where G
is a storage address; the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll is unchanged.
LeE G:
Load Group from Pointer
NOZ G:
Nonzero
A nonzero value --> G, where G is a
storage address.
Appendix A:
The POP Language
129
PGO G:
ZER G: Zero
Place Group On
A group from SYMBOL 1, 2, and 3 and
DATA 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 --> roll
G, where G is the roll number, by
group status; the BOTTOM of roll G
is increased by group size.
PGP G:
Place Group from Pointer

The group in SYMBOL 1, 2, 3, DATA
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is placed on a
roll according to the pOinter in
WOe
The number G is the number of
bytes to be moved;
if G=O,
an
entire group is moved: the BOTTOM
of the WORK roll is unchanged.
PLD G:
o --> G,
address.
ADD G:
2,
Add
Add Four to Storage

(G) + 4 --> G, where G is a storage
address.
Pointer to New Group
DIM G:
DIV G:
Divide
(WO) / (G) --> G, where G is a
storage address; the remainder, if
any, from the division is lost; a
true answer is returned if there is
no remainder; the BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is unchanged; hence,
the
initial
contents
of
Wo
are
destroyed.
lOR G:
Inclusive Or
The inclusive OR of (WO) and (G),
where G is a storage location, 1S
formed, and the result is placed in
WOe
The BOTTOM of the WORK roll is
unchanged; hence, the initial contents of Wo are destroyed.
(MPAC 1 and MPAC 2) --> G and G+4,

where G is a storage address.
This
instruction performs a doubleword
store.
Interchanges
(WO) and (G), where G
is a storage address; the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll is unchanged.
Diminish
(G) - 1 --> G, where G is a storage
address.
Precision Store
Switch
And
(G) AND (WO) --> WO;
that is, a
logical product is formed between
(G) and (WO), and the result is
placed in WOe
The BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is unchanged; hence, the
initial
contents
of
Wo
are
destroyed.
Place on Code
The data located at storage address
G+4 and following is to be moved to
the CODE roll. The number of halfwords to be moved is stored in
location G and is an even number.
A word contairiing a special value
in the first two bytes and the
number of words of data in the last
two bytes--rs- first placed on the
ceDE roll. The indicated data is
then moved to the CODE roll, and
the BOTTOM of the CODE roll is
increased by four for each word
placed on the roll.
A location
counter is increased by the number
of bytes of object code placed on
the roll.
130
storage
(G) + (WO) --> WO, where G is a

initial
contents
of
WO
are
destroyed.
AND G:
SWT G:
The following instructions are primarily

designed to perform arithmetic and logical
manipulations.
Builds a pointer to the first byte

of the next group to be added to
roll G, where G is the roll number,
and places the pointer in WO; the
BOTTOM of
the
WORK
roll
is
increased by four.
PST G:
is
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
AFS G:
POC G:
Precision Load
(G and G+4) --> MPAC 1 and MPAC
where G is a storage address.
PNG G:
where
LLS G:
Logical Left Shift

(WO) are shifted left G places; the
result is left in WO; bits shifted
out at the left are lost,
and
vacated bit positions on the right
are filled with zeros.
LRS G:
(WO) are shifted right G places;

the result is left in WO; bits
shifted out at the right are lost,
and vacated bit positions on the
left are filled with zeros.
MPY G:
MOA G:
Product Sign and
QSA G:
G:
Subtract
(WO) - (G) --> WO, where G is a
initial
contents
of
WO
are
destroyed.
TLY G:
SAD G:
SBP G:
These instructions inspect certain conditions and return either a true or false
answer in the ANSWER BOX.
Some of the
instructions also transmit stored information from place to place.
Character Scan with Answer
If G = (CRRNT CHAR), the scan arrow
is advanced and a true answer is
returned; otherwise, the scan arrow
is not advanced and a false answer
is returned.
LGA G:
Load Group with Answer

The group from the BOTTOM of roll
G, where G is the roll number and
roll G has been flipped, is loaded
into SYMBOL 1, 2, 3, DATA 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 (as many words as
necessary); if the roll is empty or
if the group is a marker symbol, a
Search by Stats from Pointer

Search the roll specified by the
pointer in WO, beginning with the
group following the one specified
by the pOinter for a group which is
equal to the group in the central
items SYMBOL 1, 2, 3, etc., according
to the group stats values
stored at locations G+4 and G+8
(these values are in the same order
as
those
in
the group stats
tables). The roll number multiplied by four is stored at location
G. If a match is found, return a
true answer, replace the pointer in
WO with a pointer to the matching
group, and continue in sequence.
If no match is found, return a
false answer, prune the pointer . in
WO, and continue in sequence. This
instruction is used to continue a
search of a roll according to group
stats values other than those normally used for the roll.
DECISION MAKING INSTRUCTIONS
CSA G:
Set on Address
If G
ADDRESS portion of the
pOinter in WO, return a true answer; otherwise, return
a
false
answer.
Tally
(G) + 1 --> G, where G is a storage
address.
Quote Scan with Answer
If ~~e quotation mark (sequence of

characters) beginning at storage
address G (the first byte in the
quotation mark is the number of
bytes in the quotation mark) is
equal to the quotation mark starting at the scan arrow, advance the
scan arrow to the next
active
character following the quotation
mark, and return a true answer;
otherwise, do not advance the scan
arrow and return afalse answer.
PrQ~e
The exclusive OR of (WO) and (G),

where G is a storage location,
replace the contents of G; the
by four, thus pruning WOe
SUR
Move off with Answer

If roll G, where G is the roll
number, is empty, a false answer is
returned. Otherwise, the BOTTOM of
roll G is reduced by four, pruning
the word moved; the BOTTOM of the
WORK roll is increased by four; a
true answer is returned.
Multiply
(G) * (WO) --> WO,
where G is a
initial
contents
of
WO
are
destroyed.
PSP G:
false answer is returned; otherwise, a true answer is returned;

the BOTTOM of roll G is reduced by
group size.
Logical Right Shift
SBS G:
Search by Stats
If the roll, whose number multiplied by four is in storage at
location G, is empty, return a
Appendix A:
The POP Language
131
false answer.
Otherwise, search
that roll against the central items
SYMBOL 1, 2, and 3 and DATA 0, 1,
2,
3, 4, and 5, as defined by the
group stats values stored at locations G+4 and G+8 (these values are
in the same order as those in the
group stats tables); if a match is
found,
place a pointer to the
matching group in WO, increase the
BOTTOM of the WORK roll, and return
a true answer; if no match is
found, return a false answer. This
instruction is used to search a
roll
according
to group stats
values other than those normally
used for that roll.
SCE G:
SNZ G:
SOP G:
SPM G:
If the mode portion of the TAG

field of the (G) = the mode portion
of the TAG field of the pointer in
Pl, where G is a storage addess,
return a true answer: otherwise,
return a false answer .
SPT G:
Set on Polish Tag

If the TAG field of the (G)
the
TAG field of the pointer in Pl,
where G is a storage
address,
return a true answer; otherwise,
return a false answer.
Search
number, is empty, return a false
answer; otherwise, search roll G
against the central items SYMBOL 1,
2, and 3 and DATA 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5, as defined by the roll
statistics; if a match is found,
place a pointer to the matching
group in WO, increase the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll, and return a true
answer; if no match is
found,
SRD G:
Set if Remaining Data

number, is not empty, return a true
answer; otherwise, return a false
answer.
Set if Less or Equal

STA G:
If (WO) ~ (G), where G is a storage
address, a true answer is returned;
otherwise, a
false
answer
is
returned. The comparison made considers the two values to be signed
quantities.
132
Set on Polish Mode
Search from Pointer

Search the roil specified by the
pointer in WO, beginning with the
group following the one specified
by the pointer in WO, for a group
which is equal to the group in
SYMBOL 1, 2, 3, DATA 0, 1 , etc.,
by roll statistics. If a match is
found,
return
a
true answer,
replace the pointer in WO with a
pointer to the matching group, and
jump to G, where G must be a local
address.
If no match is found,
return a false answer, prune the
pointer in Wo (reduce the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll by four), and continue in sequence.
SLE G:
Set on Operator
If G = OPERATOR portion of the
pointer in WO, return a true answer:
otherwise,
return a false
answer.
SRA G:
SFP G:
Set if Nonzero
If (G)
0, where G is a storage
address, return a true
answer;
otherwise, return a false answer.
Set on Character Key

If (CRRNT CHAR) displays any of the
character keys of G, where G is a
character code whose bit settings
describe a group of characters,
return a true answer; otherwise, a
false answer is returned; in neither case is the scan arrow advanced.
Set if Not Equal

If (WO) * (G), where G is a storage
address, a true answer is returned;
otherwise, a
false
answer
is
returned.
set if Character Equal

If G = ..(CRRNT CHAR), return a true
answer; otherwise, return a false
answer; in neither case is the scan
arrow advanced.
SCK G:
SNE G:
Set on Tag
If the TAG portion of (G) = the TAG
portion of the pointer in WO, where
G is a storage address, return a
true answer; otherwise, return a
false answer.
STM G:
The JPE FLAG is set to nonzero, and

a
jump is taken to G, wbich may
only be a local address.
Set on Tag Mode

If the mode portion of the TAG
field of the (G) = the mode portion
of the TAG field of the pointer in
WO. where G is a storaae address.
return a true answer: -otherwise~
JRD G:
This instruction
manipulates
a
pointer in WOe
If the ADDRESS
field of that pointer is equal to 0
(pointing to the word preceding the
beginning of a reserved area),
the
ADDRESS field is increased to four.
If the ADDRESS field of the pointer
is equal to any legitimate value
within the roll, it is increased by
group size. If the ADDRESS field
of the pointer indicates a location
beyond the BOTTOM of the roll, the
pointer is pruned (tne H(JIWl'OM of
the WORK roll is reduced by four),
and a jump is made to the location
G, which must be a global address.
JUMP INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions cause the
normal sequential operation of the POP
instructions to be altered, either unconditionally or conditionally.
See the sec-
tions -Labels and -Assembly and
Operation~
in this Appendix for further discussion

jump instructions.
CSF G:
of
character Scan or Fail

JSB G:
If G
(CRRNT CHAR), advance the
scan arrow to the next
active
character;
otherwise,
jump
to
SYNTAX FAIL.
JAF G:
Jump if Answer False
JON G:
Quote Scan or Fail
Jump if Answer True

If the quotation mark (sequence of
characters) beginning at storage
address G (the value of the first
byte in the quotation mark is the
number of bytes in the quotation
mark) is equal to the quotation
mark starting at the scan arrow,
advance the scan arrow to thl first
active character beyond the quotation mark: otherwise, jump to SYNTAX FAIL.
If (ANSWER BOX) = true, jump to G,

where G is either a global or a
local address; otherwise, continue
in sequence. One of two operation
codes is produced for this instruction depending on whether G is a
global or a local label.Jump on Work
If (WO) = 0, decrease the BOTTOM of
the WORK roll by four and jump to
G, where G is either a global or a
local address; otherwise,
reduce
word 0 by one, --> WO, and continue
codes is produced for this instruction, depending on whether G is a
global or a local label.
JPE G:
Jump Unconditional
Jump to G, which is either a global
or a local address.
One of two
operation codes is produced for
this
instruction,
depending on
whether G is a global or a local
label.
QSF G:
JOW G:
Jump to Subroutine
Return information is placed on the
EXIT roll; jump to G, which is a
global address.
If (ANSWER BOX)
false, jump to G,
where G is either a global or a
local address; otherwise, continue
codes is produced for this instruction depending on whether G is a
global or local label.
JAT G:
Jump Roll Down
XIT
Exit
Exit from the interpreter: the code
which
follows
is
written
in
assembler language.
Jump and Prepare for Error

ROLL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
The following values are saved in
storage: the location of the next
instruction,
the last character
count, the BOTTOM of the EXIT roll,
and the BOTTOM of the WORK roll.
These instructions are concerned with

the control of the rolls used in the
compiler.
Appendix A:
The POP Language
133
POW G:
Prune off Work
BIM G:
Reduce the BOTTOM of the WORK ~oll

by four times G, where G is an
integer, thus pruning G words
off
the WORK roll.
REL G:
The instruction indicated by G,

where G is an inst.ruction number
which indicates the class of the
instruction only.
For---example,
LOAD INSTR as opposed to LE INSTR
is built on the CODE roll, where WO
contains a pOinter to the second
operand.
A pointer to the accumulator which holds the first operand
is contained in the variable CRRNT
ACC.
The
instruction mode is
determined by inspecting the TAG
fields of the pointers; the BOTTOM
of the CODE roll is increased by
eight; the BOTTOM of the WORK roll
is reduced by four, thus pruning
the pointer. A location counter is
increased by one for each byte of
the generated instruction.
Release
Restore roll G, where G is the roll
number, to the condition preceding
the last reserve; this sets BOTTOM
to (TOP) reduced by four if the
roll is reserved, or to (BASE) if
the roll is not reserved; TOP is
set to the value it had before the
reserve.
RSV G:
Reserve
Reserve roll G, where G is the roll
number, by storing (TOP)
(BASE)
on the roll, increasing BOTTOM by
four, and setting TOP to (BOTTOM);
this protects the area between BASE
and
TOP,
and allows ascending
addresses from TOP to be used as a
new, empty roll.
CODE PRODUCING INSTRUCTIONS

These POP instructions construct object
module code on the CODE roll. Each object
module instruction constructed results in
the placing of a 2-word group on the CODE
roll.
The instruction generated, in binary, is left justified in this group.
In
the case of halfword instructions, the
remainder of the first word is filled with
zero.
The second word contains a pointer
to the instruction operand, except in the
case of 6-byte instructions when the last
two bytes of the group contain the value
zero.
BID G:
Build Instruction Double

The instruction indicated by
G,
where G is an instruction number
which indicates the exact instruction to be generated, is built
on
the CODE roll, where WO contains a
pOinter to the first operand and WI
contains a pointer to the
second
operand. The BOTTOM of the
CODE
roll is increased by eight.
The
by eight; thus, both pointers
are
pruned.
A location counter is increased by one for each byte of the
instruction.
134
Build Instruction by Mode
BIN G:
Build Instruction
The instruction indicated by G,
where G is an instruction number
which indicates the exact instruction to be built, is ~onstructed on
the CODE roll. The WORK roll holds
from zero to three words of information required for producing the
instruction.
For
instructions
requiring no
operands,
nothing
appears on the WORK roll.
For
instructions requiring one operand,
a pointer to that operand appears
in WOe
For two operand instructions, a pointer to the
first
operand appears ln WO and a pointer
to the second operand is in Wi.
For input/output instructions, Wi
holds a constant whic~ becomes part
of the instruction. For storageto-storage move instructions, W2
holds the length.
The BOTTOM of
the CODE roll is increased by eight
to reflect the addition of the
group. The BOTTOM of the WORK roll
is reduced by four for each word of
information found on that roll;
thus, all
the
information
is
pruned.
A location counter is
increased by one for each byte of
the instruction.
ADDRESS COMPUTATION INSTRUCTIONS

The POP
instructions whose G fields
require storage addresses may
be used to
refer to WORK roll groups, provided the
storage address of the desired group is
first computed.
This computation must be
performed at execution time,
since the
location of WO,for example, varies as the
program is operated. The instructions in
this category perform these computations and
jump to the appropriate POP, which then operates using the computed address.
WOP G:
WO pop
LABELS
compute the address of the current

WO and jump to the POP indicated by
In the POP language, storage locations

containing instructions or data may be
named W1~n two types of labels, global
labels and local labels. Global labels are
unique within each phase of the compiler
(but not from one phase to another); these
labels may be referred to from any point in
the phase. Local labels are also unique
within each phase (but not between phases);
however, these labels may be referred to
only within the global area (that is, the
area between two consecutive global labels)
in which they are defined.
G,
where
G is
a POP instruction
which normally accepts

address in its G field.
W1P G:
storage
W1 POP
Wl and jump to the POP indicated by
G, where G is a POP instruction
which normally accepts a storage
GLOBAL LABELS
W2P G:
W2 POP
W2 and jump to the POP indicated by
G,
where G is a POP instruction
W3P G:
W3 POP
W4P G:
W4 POP
The global labels which appear on a

System/360 assembler listing of the compiler are distinguished from local labels in
that the global labels do not begin with a
pound sign. Most of the global labels are
of the form Gdddd, where each d is a
decimal digit and the 4-digit value dddd is
unique for the global label.
Labels of
this form are generally assigned in ascending sequence to the compiler routines. All
remaining global labels are limited to a
length of seven characters.
In contrast, the routine and data names
used
throughout
this
publication are
limited only to a length of 30 characters.
A comment card containing the long name
used here precedes the card on which each
global label is defined. In addition, the
longer name appears as a comment on any
card containing a POP instruction which
refers to the global label.
Example:
G0336
STA GEN FINISH
G0336 IEYMOA G0494 MOA DO LOOPS OPEN ROLL
INDIRECT ADDRESSING INSTRUCTION
Indirect addressing is provided for POP
instructions whose address fields normally
require storage addresses by means of the
following instruction.
IND G:
Indirect
The address
contained
in
the
storage address INDIRECT BOX is
transmitted to the POP indicated by
which requires a storage address in
its G field, and a jump is made to
that POP. The POP WG W operates in
its normal fashion, using the transmitted address.
Explanation: The second card shown defines

the global label G0336. The first card, a
comment card, indicates the longer name of
the routine, STA GEN FINISH.
The secqnd
carq contains a reference to the label
G0494; the longer form of this label is DO
LOOPS
OPEN ROLL, as indicated by the
comment.
Occasionally, several comment cards with
identical address fields appear in sequence
on the listing_ This occurs when more than
one long label has been applied to a single
instruction or data value. The long labels
are indicated in the comments fields of the
cards.
Appendix A:
The POP Language
135
Example:
ACT EST
AC TEST
ACTEST
TESTAC
ACTEST IEYSOP G0504 SOP FL AC OP MARK
Explanation: The three cards shown define

the global label ACTEST. One long form of
this label is AC TEST, as indicated by the
comment on the first card. The second card
indicates that the name TESTAC has also
been applied to this location, and that it
also corresponds to ACTEST.
LOCAL LABELS
All local labels consist of a pound sign

followed by six decimal digits. If the
preceding global label is of the form
Gdddd,
the first four digits are identical
to those in the global name. The remaining
two digits of the local label do not follow
any particular sequence; they are, however,
unique in the global area.
The local label is defined by
its
appearance in the name field of a card
containing a POP or assembler language
instruction.
Example:
G0268
G0268
PROCESS SCALAR ROLL
IEYSRO G0432 SRO SCALAR ROLL
#026811 IEYJOW #026821

#026802 IEYITA G0359 ITA CEO TAG MARK
Explanation:
The global label G0268 is
defined by the second card in the sequence
shown.
The next two cards define, respectively, the local labels
1026811
and
#026802.
In addition, the third card in
the sequence contains a reference to the
local label #026821, which is presumably
defined elsewhere within the global area
shown here.
ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION

The compiler is assembled with each POP
instruction defined as a macro.
Unless
-Quick Link- output has been designated to
the macro by means of
the
assembler
instruction SETC 'QLK', the resulting code
136
consists of two 1-byte address constants

per POP instruction.
This 16-bit value
represents an 8-bit numeric operation code
and an 8-bit operand or relative address.
The definition of the 8-bit operand or
relative address varies according to the
POP instruction used. Roll numbers appear
in this field for instructions requiring
them.
For instructions which refer to
storage locations relative to CBASE (see
-Compiler Arrangement and General Register
Usage") or to other base addresses,
the
word number relative to the appropriate
base is used. The format for jump instructions is discussed
in
the
following
paragraphs.
When Quick Link is specified, machine
language instructions are generated for the
following POP instruction.
(See "Assembler
Language References to POP Subroutines.")
POP INTERPRETER
The assembled POP code is interpreted by
a short machine language routine,
POP
SETUP, which appears with the POP subroutines at the beginning of the compiler.
POP SETUP inspects each pair of address
constants in sequence, and, using the 8-bit
operation code as an index into the POP
jump table, a table which correlates operation codes for the POPs with the addresses
of the POP subroutines, transfers control
to the appropriate POP subroutine.
Thus, on encountering the hexadecimal
value 081A, POP SETUP indexes into the POP
jump table (labeled POPTABLE) at the eighth
byte, counting from zero.
The value found
at this location is 0158 (hexadecimal);
this is the address, relative to the bdse
of the POP jump table, of the POP subroutine for the POP numbered 08
(IEYSUB).
When this value is added to the beginning
address of the POP jump table, the absolute
address of IEYSUB is produced, and POP
SETUP performs a branch to that location.
IEYSUB then operates, using the relative
address lA (which it finds in general
register 7, AOOR), and returns via POPXIT,
register 6; in this case the return is to
POP SETUP, which then continues with the
next POP in sequence. The register POPADR
is used to keep track of the location of
the POP being executed.
This sequential operation can be interrupted by means of POP jump
(branch)
instructions, which cause an instruction
other than the next in sequence to be
operated next.
The XIT POP im:;t-,...,,.,t-ioJ"
also alters the sequence by causing the

interpreter to release control, performing
a branch to the assembler language instruction following the XIT.
This device is
employed to introduce assembler language
Thus, the instruction IEYJUN G0192J is

assembled as 5002, for example, where the
global jump table begins:
coding into the compiler routines when this
G0075J i
SAO i
.--------~
G0111J I
752 I
.--------~
G0192J I
B02 I
is more efficient than the use of POPs.

Assembler language sequences sometimes terminate with a branch to POP SETUP, so that
it may resume the
execution
of
POP
instructions.
r--------,
.--------~
I
I
I
ASSEMBLER LANGUAGE REFERENCES TO POP

SUBROUTINES
In some of the routines of the compiler,
Lne operation of POP SETUP is bypassed ~y
assembler language instructions which make
direct reference to the POP subroutines.
In these sequences, a pair of machine
language instructions performs the function
of a single POP instruction. For example,
the instructions
LA
BAL
ADDR, ONE-CBASE CO, 0)

POPXIT,FETQ
accomplish the
instruction
function
of
the
POP
I
I
I
On encountering this instruction, POP SETUP

loads its address field (02), multiplied by
four (08), into the register ADDR. It then
jumps to the POP subroutine for I EYJUN.
The IEYJUN subroutine uses ADDR as an
index into JUMP TABLE, finding the value
B02. This value is placed in the register
TMP and a branch is made to the location
defined by the sum of the-contents of TMP
and the contents of CONSTR, which holds the
location CBASE.
Thus, if' the location
CBASE is lOBO, the location branched to is
1BB2, the location of the routine labeled
G0192, and the instruction at that location
is operated next.
IEYFET ONE
but bypass the operation of POP SETUP. The
IEYFET routine,
(referred to by its label
FETQ) returns, via POPXIT, to the next
instruction.
Note that the first instruction of the pair sets ADDR to the correct
value for the operand of the IEYFET operation; this would be done by POP SETUP if it
interpreted IEYFET ONE.
Since the POP subroutines for global

jumps branch directly to the target location, the instruction at that location must
be a machine language instruction rather
than a POP.
Moreover, all jump target
routines which contain local jumps must
reset POPADR to reflect the new location.
Thus, routines which are jump targets and
which are written in POPs begin with the
instruction
BALR
POPADR, POPPGB
, GLOBAL JUMP INSTRUCTIONS

The labels referred to in POP global
jump instructions, jump instructions which
branch to global labels, always end with
the character J. These global labels refer
to the global jump table, a table whose
fullword entries contain
the
relative
addresses of global labels which are the
targets of branches.
Each phase of the
compiler has a global jump table. The
table is labeled JUMP TABLE.
which sets POPADR to the location of the

first POP instruction in the routine and
branches to POP BASE, the address of which
is held in POPPGB.
At POP BASE, the
contents of POPADR are saved in LOCAL JUMP
BASE, POPXIT is set to the beginning location of POP SETUP, and POP SETUP begins
operating.
For the sake of brevity, this
instruction is coded as
BALR
A,B
in some routines.
References in POP global jump instructions
to
the
global jump table are
assembled as relative word addresses in
that table.
Each entry in the table contains the address, relative in bytes to
CBASE, of the label whose spelling is
identical to that of the global jump table
entry except that it does not include the
terminal J.
Routines in which the POP instructions

have been replaced by pairs of assembler
language instructions and which contain
local jumps begin with the instruction
BALR
A,O
or
BALR
POPADR, 0
Appendix A:
The POP Language
137
instead of the instruction given above,

since the branch to POP SETUP is not
desired.
Because global jump targets begin with
this machine language code, it is not
possible for POP instructions to continue
in sequence into new global routines. When
this operation is intended, an IEYXIT or an
. IEYJUN instruction terminates the first
routine.
I LOCAL
JUMP INSTRUCTIONS
POP
local
jump
instructions,
jump
instructions which transfer control out of
the normal sequence to local labels~ must
occur in the same global area as the one in
which the local label referred to
is
defined.
The address portions of POP local jump
instructions are assembled to contain the
distance in halfwords from the beginning of
the global area plus two to the indicated
local label.
This value is a relative
halfword address for the target, where the
base used is the location of the first POP
instruction in the global area.
Decimal
Location Label
100
G0245
102
120
140
138
Explanation:
The local jump instruction
illustrated at location 140 is assembled so
that its address field contains the location of the label #024503 (120), relative
in half words to the beginning location of
the global area plus two (102). Thus, the
address field of the IEYJUN instruction
contains the value 09.
Symbolic
Instruction
BALR
A,B
IEYCLA G0566
#024503 IEYLGA G0338
IEYJUN *024503
Hexadecimal
Instruction
062A
When the POP local jump instruction is

interpreted, the contents of the location
LOCAL JUMP BASE are added to the address
field of the POP instruction to produce the
absolute address of the jump target. LOCAL
JUMP BASE is set to the beginning address
of the global area plus two as a result of
the BALR instruction which begins the global routine: this function is performed at
POP BASE, as described "in "Global Jump
Instructions."
When local jumps are performed directly

in machine language, the relative addressing described above is also used: in this
case, however, the base address is in the
register POPADR as a result of the BALR
instruction heading the routine.
9A12
5809
POP instruction mnemonics are listed

'l'able 8.
in
Table
8.
POP Instruction Cross-Reference List
r-------------------------------------------T-------------------------------------------,
~e~Qni
Hex
Instruction Group
I Mnemgnic
Hex
Instruction Greup
I
ADD
AFS
AND
APR
ARK
ARP
ASK
ASP
BID
BIM
BIN
BOP
CAR
CLA
CNT
CPO
CRP
CSA
CSF
DIM
DIV
EAD
EAW
ECW
EOP
ETA
FET
FLP
FRK
FRP
FTH
lAD
lNO
lOP
lOR
ITA
ITM
JAF
04
BC
B4
A4
86
OE
12
14
7E
7C
7A
60
1A
06
Arithmetic/Logical
Arithmetic/Logical
Arithmetic/Logical
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Code Producing
Code Producing
Code Producing
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
1C
Transmissive
B2
Transmissive
62
Transmissive
24
Decision Making
26
Jump
8E
Arithmetic/Logical
B8
Arithmetic/Logical
2E
Transmissive
18
Transmissive
18
Transmissive
30
Transmissive
32
Transmissive
34
Transmissive
46
Transmissive
84
Transmissive
10
Transmissive
AE
Transmissive
36
Transmissive
02
Indirect Addressing
38
Transmissive
8A
Arithmetic/Logical
3A
Transmissive
AO
Transmissive
4A
Jump (global)
56
Jump (local)
JAT
48
Jump (global)
54
Jump (local)
JOW
4E
Jump (global)
SA
Jump (local)
JPE
52
Jump
JRD
82
Jump
JSB
50
Jump
JUN
4C
Jump (global)
58
Jump (local)
LCE
00
Transmissive
LCF
AA
Transmissive
Il ___________________________________________
LCT
A8
Transmissive
LGA
LGP
LLS
LRS
LSS
MOA
MOC
MON
MPY
NOG
NOZ
PGO
PGP
PLD
PNG
POC
POW
PSP
PST
QSA
QSF
REL
RSV
SAD
SBP
SBS
SCE
SCK
SFP
SLE
SNE
SNZ
SOP
SPM
SPT
SRA
SRD
STA
STM
SUB
SWT
TLY
WOP
W1P
W2P
W3P
W4P
XIT
ZER
~
9A
80
98
B6
BO
SC
9E
SE
OA
1E
3E
22
9C
90
20
94
16
92
8C
2A
2C
64
66
6A
BA
96
28
6E
A6
70
74
72
6C
A2
AC
76
78
68
3C
08
OC
42
C8
CA
CC
CE
DO
44
40
I
!
I
I
Decision Making
Transmissive
Arithmetic/Logical
Arithmetic/Logical
Transmissive
Decision Making
Transmissive
Transmissive
Arithmetic/Logical
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Transmissive
Roll Control
Arithmetic/Logical
Transmissive
Decision Making
Jump
Roll Control
Roll Control
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Decision Making
Arithmetic/Logical
Transmissive
Arithmetic/Logical
Address Computation
Address computation
Address computation
Address computation
Address computation
Jump
Transmissive
_________________________________________ _
Appendix A:
The POP Language
139
APPENDIX B:
ROLLS USED IN THE COMPILER
This appendix describes each of the

rolls used in the compiler, giving the
group size, the structure and content of
.the information in the group, and the roll
number.
Each roll is described as it
appears in each of the phases of the
compiler.
This information is useful in
observing the actions taken by the various
phases, since a significant portion of the
work performed by the compiler is the
construction and manipulation of information on rolls.
10) indicates either in-line (including

which generation routine must be used) or
that a call is to be generated (when the
flag is equal to zero)
This roll is used and then destroyed by
Allocate.
ROLL
The rolls are ordered in this .appendix
as they are in storage, by roll number. In
some cases, a single, number is assigned to
several rolls.
In these cases, the rolls
with identical
numbers
are
presented
chronologically, and the overlay of one
roll on another indicates that the previous
roll is no longer required when the new
roll is used. The group stats values for
rolls with the same number are always
identical.
The roll number is the entry number in
the roll statistics tables for the appropriate set of statistics; that is, the roll
number multiplied by four is the relative
address of the correct entry in the group
stats, BASE, BOTTOM, and TOP tables.
1:
SOURCE ROLL
This roll holds source module statements

while they are being processed during the
operations of Parse. The roll is not used
by any later phase of the ~ompiler.
Source statements appear on this roll
one card column per byte. Thus, each card
of a source statement occupies' 20 groups on
the roll. The group size is four bytes.
The sta tement
A(I,J)=B(I,J)*2+C(I,J)**2
would
as:
therefore
appear on the SOURCE roll
4 bytes
ROLL
0:
r---------T-~--------T----------T--------,
LIB ROLL
This roll contains one group for every

name by which a library subprogram can be
referred to in the source module. The roll
is
contained
in
IEYROL
and remains
unchanged in size and in cor.~ent throughout
compilation.
The group size for the LIB roll
twelve bytes. Each group has the form:
is
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------subprogram--------------- I
r-------------------T---------T---------~
I-------name-------->I
TAG
I
0
I
l----------T----------t----------i---------~
TAG
lI _________
I __________
flag
I ____________________
no. arguments
JI
The TAG appearing in the'seventh byte of

the group provides the mode and size of the
FUNCTION value, if the subprogram is a
FUNCTION.
The TAG in byte 9 indicates the
mode and size of the arguments to the
subprogram.
For FUNCTIONs, the flag (byte
140
I
bib
I
bib
I
~---------i----------i----------t---------~
I
bib
I
A
I
(
I
~---------i----------i----------t--------~
I
I)
~---------i----------i----------f---------~
~---------f----------f----------t---------~
I,
I
J
I
)
I
*
I
~---------i----------i----------f---------~
~---------f----------t----------t---------~
I)
~---------t----------f----------f---------~
~---------f----------i----------f---------~
I
bib
I
bib
I
~---------i----------i---------.-i---------~
I
I
I
I
I
I
~---------T----------T----------T---------~
i _b
_________ iI_ _________
________ JI
IL_________
bi
b ii _
b
where b stands for the character blank, and

a total of 20 words is occupied by the
statement.
ROLL
2:
IND VAR ROLL
This roll holds a pointer to the induction variable (the DO variable) used in
each DO loop.
The pointer specifies the
appropriate group on the SCALAR roll. Each
pointer is placed on the roll by Parse as
the DO loop is encountered in the source
module.
When the loop is closed, the
pointer is deleted.
The roll is not used in subsequent
phases of the compiler. The group size for
the IND VAR roll is four bytes.
ROLL
2:
NONSTD SCRIPT ROLL
This roll exists only in Unify; the

information held on it is taken from the
SCRIPT roll. The group size for the NONSTD
SCRIPT roll is variable, with a minimum of
20 bytes. Each group on the roll describes
an array reference.
The format
group is:
of
the
NONSTD SCRIPT roll
4 bytes
r--------T--------------------------------,
Itraits I
frequency
I
~-------~--------------------------------~
Ipointer to ARRAY REF roll
~-----------------------------------------~
Ipointer to the ARRAY roll
~-----------------------------------------~
I offset
constant subscripts. The remaining words

hold the induction variable coefficient
used in this reference for each loop in the
nest, beginning with nest level one (the
outermost loop) and ending with the highest
nest level at this array reference.
ROLL
3:
NEST SCRI PT ROLL
This roll contains 'information concerning array references in nested DO loops.

The information for this roll is taken from
the SCRIPT roll as each nest of loops is
encountered, one nest at a time. The roll
exists only in Unify. The group size of
the NEST SCRIPT roll is variable with a
m1n1mum of 20 bytes.
The format of the
NEST SCRIPT roll is as follows:
4 bytes
r--------T--------------------------------l
I traits I
frequency
I
~--------~-----------------~-------------~
lpointer to ARRAY REF roll
I
~---------------------------------------i
lpointer to the ARRAY roll
I
~-----------------------------------------~
loffset
I
~------------.-----------------------------~
linduction variable coefficient

I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
I
I
I
I
I
~-----------------------------------------~
linduction
variable coefficient
L- ________ _______________________________
JI
~
~-----------------------------------------~
linduction variable coefficient
I
I
I
I
t-----------------------------------------iI
I
~-----------------------------------------~
L
J
I _________________________________________
induction variable coefficient
where the first byte of the first word

contains the trait, which indicates either
joined or not joined; the value of this
item is always zero (not joined) for this
roll. The joined value indicates that the
subscript described must appear in a general register at the time of the reference.
The remaining three bytes of the first word
indicate the number of times this subscript
expression is used.
.
The next two words contain pointers to
rolls holding information on the array and
the array reference to which this group
refers.
The fourth word holds the array
offset; this value accounts for element
size and includes all modification due to

indicates
joined
or not joined.
The
remaining three bytes of the first word
indicate the number of times that this
,subscript expression is used. The next two
words of the group contain pointers to
rolls which hold information on the array
and the array reference to which this entry
refers. The fourth word holds the actual
adjusted offset for this array reference.
The last words of the group contain the
coefficients of induction variables used in
the array reference, beginning with the
nest level one variable and ending with the
highest nest level.
'
ROLL
4:
POLISH ROLL
This roll is used to hold the Polish

notation generated by Parse, one statement
at a time.
(The Polish notation is moved
to the AFTER POLISH roll at the end of each
statement.)
Therefore, the roll contains
Appendix B:
Rolls Used in the Compiler
141
pointers, drivers, and an occasional constant.

The terms PO and Pi are used to
refer to the bottom and next-to-bottom
groups on the POLISH roll, respectively.
In Gen, the Polish notation is moved
back onto the POLISH roll from the AFTER
POLISH roll, one statement at a time. It
is used in the production of object code.
The group size for the POLISH roll is
four bytes.
The format of the Polish
notation which appears on this roll is
described completely in Appendix C.
The POLISH roll is not used in the other
phases of the compiler and no information
is left on it through these phases.
ROLL
4:
LOOP
SC~IPT
ROLL
This roll contains information on array

references
encountered
in
the source
module. The group size for the LOOP SCRIPT
roll is variable; the minimum is 20 bytes.
Its format is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
,
n
,
~-----------------------------------------~
,c
,c
'c
~----------7---------T---------T----------~
1
C3
~----------~--------~--------i----------~
I
I
,
,
I
I
~----------T---------T---------T----------~
'c'
L__________
________
________
__________ J
where n is the number of words in the plex,

exclusive of the word which holds n,
k is
the number of bytes in the literal constant, and c (the k character) may fall in
any byte of the last word of the plex.
If
the literal constant appeared in a source
module DATA or PAUSE statement, the high
order bit of the second word of the plex
(k) is set to one; otherwise, it is zero.
Entries are made on the LITERAL CONST
roll only during Parse. It is.used to hold
the literal constants throughout the compiler; its format, therefore, does not
vary.
4 bytes
r--------7--------------------------------,
Itraits ,
frequency
,
~--------~--------------------------------~
Ipointer to the ARRAY REF roll
~-----------------------------------------~
,pointer to the ARRAY roll
~----------------------------------------~
,offset
~-----------------------------------------~
,induction variable coefficient
~----------------------~------------------~
,,I
ROLL
7:
GLOBAL SPROG ROLL
,,,
~-----------------------------------------~
variable coefficient
llinduction
_________________________________________
J,
All items are the same as described for the
NEST SCRIPT roll (roll 3).
The LOOP SCRIPT roll exists only in
Unify. It is used by this phase to further
separate subscripts into two ca~egories:
standard, those which must appear 1n general registers at the time of reference, and
nonstandard.
In Parse this roll holds the names of

all SUBROUTINEs and non-library FUNCTIONs
referred to in the source module. It also
holds the names of all subprograms listed
in EXTERNAL statements in
the
source
module, including library subprograms. In
addition, the compiler itself generates
calls to the library exponentiation routines; the names of these routines are
entered on the GLOBAL SPROG roll.
The group size for the GLOBAL SPROG roll
is eight bytes. All groups placed on the
GLOBAL SPROG roll by Parse have the following format:
4 bytes
r------------------~----------------------,
,<--------------subprogram----------------,
~--------------------T----------T---------~
L
I-------name-------->I
____________________
ROLL
5:
LITERAL CONST ROLL
This roll holds literal constants, which

are stored as plexes. The group size for
the LITERAL CONST roll is variable. Each
plex has the form:
142
_________
TAG
i I _________
0
J,
The TAG appearing in the seventh byte of

the group indicates the mode and size of
the FUNCTION value for FUNCTIONs; it has no
meaning for SUBROUTINEs.
In Allocate, the information on the roll
is altered to:
4 bytes
r--------------------T--------------------,
I
ESO number
I
displacement
I
~--------------------~--------------------~
Il _________________________________________
base table pointer
Ji
The ESO number is the one assigned to the

subprogram.
The displacement and the base
table pointer, taken together, indicate the
location assigned by Allocate ~o hold the
address of the subprogram. The specified
BASE TABLE roll group holds an address; the
displacement is the distance in bytes from
that aaaress to the location at which the
address of the subprogram will be stored in
the object module.
ROLL 10:
This
OP CONST ROLL
roll
\tl-by~el
In Exit, the roll is used in the production of RLD cards, but is not altered.
ROLL
8:
FX CONST ROLL
This roll holds the fullword integer

constants which are used in the source
module or generated by the compiler. The
constants are held on the roll in binary,
one constant per group. The group size for
the FX CONST roll is four bytes.
The format of the FX CONST roll is
identical for all phases of the compiler.
The roll remains in the roll area for all
phases, even though it is not actually used
in Allocate and Unify.
ROLL
9:
FL CONST ROLL
This roll holds the single-precision

real (floating point) constants used in the
source module or generated by the compiler.
constants are recorded on the roll in
binary (floating point format), each constant occupying one group. The group size
for the FL CONST roll is four bytes.
The FL CONST roll remains in the roll
area
for all phases of the compiler,
although it is not actually used in Allocate or Unify. The format of this roll is
identical for all phases.
holds
the
constan~~
double-precision
used in the source
module or defined by the compiler.

The constants are recorded in binary
(double-precision floating point format),
one constant per group. The group size for
the DP CONST roll is eight bytes.
The DP CONST roll is present in this
format through all phases of the compiler.
ROLL 11:
In Gen, the GLOBAL SPROG roll is used in
the construction of object code, but it is
not altered.
real
COMPLEX CONST ROLL
This roll holds the complex constants of

standard size (eight bytes) used in the
source module or generated by the compiler.
Each complex constant i~ stored on the roll
as a pair of 4-byte binary floating-point
numbers, the first represents the real part
of the constant and the second represents
the imaginary part.
The COMPLEX CONST roll exists in the
format described above for all phases of
the compiler.
The group size is eight
bytes.
ROLL 12:
DP COMPLEX CONST ROLL
This roll holds the complex constants of

optional size Cl6 bytes) which are used in
the source module or generated by the
compiler. Each constant is stored as a
pair of double-precision binary floating
point values. The first value represents
the real part of the constant; the second
value represents the imaginary part.
The
group size for the OP COMPLEX CONST roll is
16 bytes.
The DP COMPLEX CONST roll exists in this
format for all phases of the compiler.
gOLL 13:
TEMP NAME ROLL
This roll is used as temporary storage

for names which are to be placed on the
ARRAY or EQUIVALENCE roll. The group size
for the TEMP NAME roll is eight bytes. The
format of the group is:
Appendix B:
143
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<-----------------name-------------------I
This roll is not used after Allocate.

The group size for the DO LOOPS OPEN roll
is four bytes.
~-------------------T----------T---------~
L ____________________ __________
JI
1------------------->1
TAG
I_________
0
~
ROLL 15:
The TAG appearing in the seventh byte of
the group indicates, in the format of the
. TAG field of a pointer, the mode and size
of the variable.
The TEMP NAME roll is used only during
Parse and Allocate: it does not appear in
any later phase of the compiler.
ROLL 13:
STD SCRIPT ROLL
The information on this roll pertains to

array references for which the subscript
expression must appear in a general register (joined).
LOOPS OPEN ROLL
This roll contains the increment and

terminal values of the induction variable
used in a DO loop and transfer data for the
reiteration of the loop.
Gen creates the roll by establishing an
entry each time a DO loop is encountered.
The information is used in generating the
object code.
As a loop is closed, the
bottom group from the LOOPS OPEN roll is
pruned.
The group size is four bytes. Four
groups are placed in the roll at one time.
The configuration of a LOOPS OPEN roll
group is as follows:
4 bytes
The roll exists only in Unify and the

information contained therein is taken from
the SCRIPT roll.
Its structure and contents are ide~t;cal to those of the NONSTD
SCRIPT roll I "oIl 2) with the exception
that the traitJ on this roll always indicate jOined.
The group size is variable
with a minimum of 20 bytes.
ROLL 14:
r-----------------------------------------,I
I pointer to n3 (increment) "
~-----------------------------------------~
I pointer to
n~ (terminal value)
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I LOOP DATA pointer
I
~----------------------------------------~
L
I _________________________________________
pointer to return point made label
JI
TEMP ROLL
ROLL 16:
This roll is used a"s temporary storage

in Parse and is not used in any later phase
of the compiler.
The group size for the
TEMP roll is four bytes.
This roll is used as temporary storage
for error information in Parse and is not
used in the other phases of the compiler.
The group size for the ERROR TEMP roll is
four bytes.
ROLL 15:
This roll is used only in Parse. It is

used during the printing of the error
messages for a single card of the source
module.
Each group holds the beginning
address of an error message required for
the card.
It is used in conjunction with
the ERROR CHAR roll, whose corresponding
group holds the column number in the card
with which the error is associated.
The
group size for the ERROR MESSAGE roll is
four bytes.
DO LOOPS OPEN ROLL

ROLL 16:
In Parse, as DO statements are encountered, pointers to the target labels of the

DO statements are placed on this roll.
When the target statement itself is encountered, the pointer is removed.
In Allocate, the roll may contain some
pointers left from Parse: if any are present, they indicate unclosed DO loops: the
roll is checked by Allocate and any information on it is removed.
144
ERROR MESSAGE ROLL
TEMP AND CONST ROLL
This roll is produced in Gen and is used

in Gen and Exit. It holds all constants
required for the object module and zeros
for
all
temporary
storage
locations
required in the object module.
Binary constants are moved to this roll
by Gen from the various CONST rolls.
This
roll becomes the object module'S temporary
storage and constant area.

The group size
for the TEMP AND CONST roll is four bytes.
ROLL 17:
ERROR CHAR ROLL
This roll is used only during Parse, and

is not used in any subsequent phase of the
compiler.
While a single source module card and
its error messages are being prepared for
output, this roll holds the column number
with which an error message is to be
associated. The address of the error message is held in the corresponding group on
the ERROR MESSAGE roll.
The group size for
the ERROR CHAR roll is four bytes.
ROLL 18:
DATA SAVE ROLL
This roll is used only in Gen, wh re it

holds the Polish notation for port ons of
DATA statements or Explicit specif cation
statements which refer to control sections
different from the control section presently in process.
The roll is a temporary
storage
location for this information,
since data values are written out for one
control section at a time.
The group size
is four bytes.
ROLL 19:
XTEND LABEL (XTEND LBL) ROLL
This roll is used only by Parse.

It
holds the pointers to the ~~g~~_E2ll for
all labels defined within the innermost DO
loops that 'are possible extended range
candidates.
The group size of the ~TE~Q
LABE1 roll is four bytes.
Each group holds
a pointer to the LABEL rol!.
The forma t of
the group on the roll is:
1 byte
3 bytes
r--------T--------------------------------,
ITAG
ILABEL roll pointer
I
This roll is used only in Exit,
and is
not used in previous phases of the compiler.
It holds address constants, the locations at which they are to be stored, and
relocation information.
The group size is
16 bytes.
The first word of the group
holds an area code, indicating the control
section in which the constant exists. The
second word of the group holds the address
into which the constant is to be placed;
the third holds
the'
constant.
The
last
word of the group indicates the relocation

factor (ESD number)
to be used for the
constant.
l ________
________________________________ J
If the label is a possible re-entry point

from the extended range of a DO loop,
the
TAG byte contains a X'05'.
Otherwise, the
TAG byte contains a X'OO'.
~OLL
19:
EQUIVALENCE TEMP (EQUIV TEMP)
ROLL
This roll is used to hold EQUIVALENCE
roll data temporarily in Allocate, and is
not used in any other
phase
of
the
compiler.
The group
size
for
the
EQUIVALENCE TEMP or EQUIV TEMP roll is
t\olelve bytes.
The format of the group on
the roll is:
4 bytes
The group size for the INIT roll is

eight bytes. The roll is initialized in
Parse,
and used and destroyed in Allocate.
Each group on the roll holds the name of a
scalar variable or array listed in the INIT
option of a DEBUG statement in the source
module.
The format of the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<------------variable name---------------J
~--------------------T--------------------~
l ____________________ L ____________________
1------------------->1
0
J
J
r-----------------------------------------,
J<---------------variable-----------------I
~--------------------T------------------~-~
,-------name--------> I
0
I
.--------------------~--------------------1
1
offset
l _________________________________________
JI
The offset is the relative address of the
beginning
of
the variable within the
EQUIVALENCE group (set)
of which it is a
member. This roll holds this information
during
the
allocation of
storage for
EQUIVALENCE variables.
Appendix B:
145
ROLL 20: XTEND TARGET LABEL (XTEND TARG

LBL) ROLL
This roll is used only by Parse.
The
group size of the XTEND TARGET LABEL roll
is four bytes. Each group holds a pointer
to the LABEL roll for each label that
appears in any transfer statement (e.g., GO
TO, Arithmetic IF statements) within a DO
-loop.
These groups indicate transfers out
of an innermost DO loop and a possible
extended range. The format of the group is
the same, as Roll 19, XTEND LABEL roll.
1 byte
3 bytes
r--------T--------------------------------,
I TAG
ILABEL roll pointer
I
L ________ ~ ________________________________ J
If the TAG byte contains a X'40', this

indicates that the target
label
also
appears in a transfer statement outside the
DO loop and may be a possible re-entry
point (if the label is defined within the
loop).
Otherwise, the TAG byte contains a
XOO'.
" bytes
,-----------T-----------------------------,
I traits
I
frequency
I
~-----------~-----------------------------~
ARRAY REF pointer
I
L ________________________________________
JI
t.-----------------------------------------~
LOOP CONTROL pointer
The frequency indicates how many times

within a loop the register is used.
The
registers are symbolic registers that are
converted to real registers and/or' temporary storage locations. The pointer to
the ARRAY REF roll is actually a thread
which
indicates
each place that this
register is required in the loop. The last
word, the pointer to the LOOP CONTROL roll,
designates where the register in question
was initialized.
(The particular information is contained in the second word of the
entry on the LOOP CONTROL roll.)
ROLL 21:
This roll is used to hold EQUIVALENCE

roll data temporarily in Allocate, and is
not used in any other phase of the compiler.
The group size for the EQUIVALENCE
HOLD roll is twelve bytes. The format of
4 bytes
r---------------------~-------------------,
I<---------------variable-----------------I
.------------------T--------------------1
I-------name-------->I
0
I
.--------------------~--------------------1
JI
1L _________________________________________
offset
The offset is the relative address of the

beginning of the
variable
within the
EQUIVALENCE group (set) of which it is a
member. This roll holds this information
during
the allocation
of storage for
This roll is constructed by Allocate~

and remains in the roll area for all
remaining phases of the compiler. The BASE
TABLE roll becomes the object module base
table, which holds the base addresses used
in referring to data in the object module.
The group size for this roll is eight
bytes. one group at a time is added to
this roll by Allocate.
The first word
holds the area code which indicates the
relocation factor by which the base table
entry must be modified at object time; each
unique area code also defines an object
module control section.
The second word
holds a relative address within the control
section defined by the area code; this is
the value which is in the corresponding
base table entry prior to modification by
the linkage editor.
The entire BASE TABLE
structed by Allocate.
ROLL 22:
ROLL 20:
REG ROLL
This roll contains information concerning

general registers required in the
execution of DO loops in the object module.
The group size of the REG roll is twelve
bytes. The roll is used only in Unify.
Each group has the following format:
146
BASE TABLE ROLL
roll
is
con-
ARRAY ROLL
This roll is used throughout the compiler to hold the required information describing
arrays defined in the source
module.
In Parse, the name and dimension information is added to the roll for each array
definition encountered. The group size for
the ARRAY roll is 20 bytes. The format of
the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
name----------------l
I<------------~-array
t-------------------T----------T----------~
1------------------>1 TAG
1
0
I
t------------------~----------~----------i
I
ARRAY DIMENSION pointer
I
~-----------------------------------------~
1
numbE~ of elements
I
.. ------------- ----------------------------~
..
!l _________________________________________
array offset
J!
The TAG appelring in the seventh byte of

the group indi~ates, in the format of the
TAG field of a pointer, the mode and size
of the array variable.
The pointer in the
third word of the group points to the
beginning of the plex
on
the
ARRAY
DIMENSION roll, which describes the dimensions of the array. The number of elements
in the array is a constant, unless the
array has dummy dimensions; in the latter
case, Parse puts a dummy pointer to a
temporary location in this word of the
gr01JP
The array offset is the summation of the
multipliers for the array subscripts.
If
the array dimensions are n1, n2, n7, then

the multipliers are 1, nl, nl*n2, nl*n2*n3,
nl*n2*n3*n4*n5*n6, where the size of the
element of the array is not considered.
This value, after it i- multiplied by -th~
element size,
is used as a subtractive
offset for array references. The offset is
placed on the roll ci:"
constant unless the
array has dummy dimensions; in the latter
case, a dummy pointer to a temporary location is placed in the last worj of the
group.
In Allocate, the first two words of the
ARRAY roll group are replaced with tne
follO'.-ling:
4 hytes
r---------T----------T--------------------,
I
ID~G/CEAD
TAG
displacement
~---------L----------L--------------------~
Il _________________________________________
base table pointer
JI
The TAG is unchanged, except in location,

from Parse. The DBG/CEAD flag is logically
~ppendix
B:
146.1
split into two hexadecimal values.

The
first of these indicates debug references
to the variable; its value is 1 for INIT, 2
for SUBCHK, 0 for neither, and 3 for both.
The second hexadecimal value is nonzero if
the array is in COMMON,
a member of an
EQUIVALENCE set, used as an argument to a
subprogram, or a dummy; it is zero otherwise.
The displacement and the base table
pointer, taken together,
indicate
the
beginning address of the array. The base
table pointer specifies the BASE TABLE roll
group to be used in references to the
array; the displacement is the distance in
bytes from the address held in that group
to the location at which the array begins.
If the array is a dummy,
the base table
pointer is replaced by a pointer to the
GLOBAL DMY roll group defining the array,
and the displacement is zero.
roll is constructed by Gen and holds pointers to the arguments to subprograms in the
order in which they are presented in the
subprogram reference. These pointers may,
therefore, point to the SCALAR, ARRAY,
GLOBAL SPROG, or TEMP AND CONST rolls (the
last roll
holds arguments
which are
expressions or constants).
The value zero
is placed on this roll for arguments whose
addresses are computed and stored in the
object module argument list area.
The TAG fields of the pointers on this
roll contain the value zero except for the
TAG field of the last p01nter for a single
subproqram reference: this field contain~
the-vaiue 80.
The contents of the SPROG ARG roll are
punched by Exit. The group size for the
SPROG ARG roll is four bytes.
The third,
fourth,
and fifth words of
the ARRAY roll group are not modified by
Allocate.
ROLL 24:
The
ARRAY
roll remains in storage
throughout the compiler, and it is consuIted,
but not modified,
by the phases
following Allocate.
ROLL 23:
DMY DIMENSION ROLL
This roll is used first in Allocate,

where
it holds pointers to the array
definition and the entry statement with
which dummy array dimensions are associated. The group size of the DMY DIMENSION roll is four bytes. Two groups are
added to the roll at a time to accommodate
this information; the format is:
ENTRY NAMES ROLL
In Parse, this roll holds all ENTRY

names defined in the source' subprogram, and
pointers to the locations on the GLOBAL DMY
roll at which the definitions of the dummy
arguments corresponding to the ENTRY begin.
The group size for the ENTRY NAMES roll is
16 bytes. The format of the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------ENTRY name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
0
1
1------------------->1
~--------------------i--------------------~
dWTY pointer
i
~----------------------------------------~
I
0
L--_______________________________________
J1
4 bytes
r------------------------------------------,
I
ARRAY pointer
I
~----------------------------------------~
lI _________________________________________
J1
ENTRY NAMES pointer
In Gen,
the DMY DIMENSION roll is used
in the generation of temporary locations
for the dummy dimensions. This operation
is performed when code is being produced
for the prologue with which the dummy
dimension is associated.
The DMY DIMENSION roll is not
later phases of the compiler.
ROLL 23:
used
by
SPROG ARG ROLL
This roll becomes the subprogram argument list area of the object module.
The
The dummy arguments corresponding to the

ENTRY are listed on the GLOBAL DMY roll in
the order in which they are presented in
the ENTRY statement.
In Allocate,
the ENTRY NAMES roll is
used in the check to determine that scalars
with the same names as all ENTRYs have been
set. A pointer to the scalar is placed in
the fourth word of the group by this phase.
In Gen,
during the production of the
initialization code
(the object
module
heading),
the first word of the group is
replaced by a pointer to the ADCON roll
indicating the location of the prologue,
and the second word is replaced by a
pointer to the ADCON roll indicating the
location of the epilogue.
During the production of code for the prOlogue, the first
pointer
(the first word of the group) is
replaced by a pointer to the ADCON roll
Appendix B:
147
which indicates
ENTRY.
the
entry
point for the
This roll is not required after the

phase.
The GLOBAL DMY roll is used but

fied in Gen and Exit.
Gen
ROLL 26:
ROLL 25:
unmodi-
ERROR ROLL
GLOBAL DMY ROLL
In Parse, each group on the roll contains the name of a dummy listed in a dummy
argument list for the principle entry or
for an ENTRY statement in a source subprogram. A flag also appears in each group
which indicates whether the dummy is a
wcall by name w or a call by value w dummy.
The group size is eight bytes. The format
of the group in Parse is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------dummy name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
l ____________________ ____________________
J1
1------------------->1
flag
~
This roll is used only in Parse and

holds the location within the statement of
an error, and the address of the error
message for all errors encountered within a
single statement.
As the statement is
written on the source listing, the information in the ERROR roll groups is removed,
leaving the roll empty for the processing
of the next statement.
The group size is four bytes.
Two
groups are added to this roll at a time:
(1) the column number of the error, counting from one at the beginning of the source
statement and increasing by one for every
card column in the statem~nt, and (2) the
address of the message associated with the
particular error encountered.
where the dummy name occupies the first six

bytes of the group.
ROLL 26:
ERROR LBL ROLL
Label dummies, indicated by asterisks in

the source module, are not listed on this
roll.
With this exception, however, the
dummy lists from the source subprogram are
entered on this roll as they appear in the
source statements. The end of each dummy
list is signaled by a marker symbol on the
roll. since each of the dummy lists is
represented on the roll, the name of a
single dummy may appear more than once.
This roll is used only in Allocate,

where it holds labels which are referred to
in the source module, but which are undefined.
These labels are held on this roll
prior to being written out as undefined
labels or unclosed DO loops. The group
size for the ERROR LBL roll is four bytes.
In Allocate, the information

group is replaced by:
ROLL 27:
in
each
LOCAL DMY ROLL
4 bytes
r---------T----------T--------------------,
1 TAG
1 DBG/flag 1
displacement
1
~--------~----------~--------------------~
1
base table pointer
l _________________________________________
J1
where the base table pointer indicates the

group on the BASE TABLE roll to be used for
references to the dummy, and the displacement (in the third and fourth bytes) indicates the distance in bytes from
the
address stored in that BASE TABLE roll
group to the location of the dummy.
The
Wflag W occupies the second hexadecimal
character of the second byte
and
is
unchanged from Parse, indicating call by
name if it is on.
The first hexadecimal
value
in
that
byte
indicates debug
references to the variable; its value is 1
for INIT, 2 for SUBCHK, 0 for neither, and
3 for both. The TAG indicates the mode and
size of the dummy.
148
This roll holds the names of the dummy

arguments to a statement function while the
statement function is being processed by
Parse. The group size is eight bytes. The
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------dummy name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
1------------------->1
L--__________________
0
___________________
J
The information is removed from the roll

when the processing of the statement function is complete.
This roll does not appear in any subsequent phase of the compiler;
however,
pointers to it appear in the Polish notation produced by Parse and these pointers
are, therefore, processed by Gen.
ROLL 28:
LOCAL SPROG ROLL
In Parse. the roll holds the names of

all statement functions as they are encountered in the source module. The group size
for the LOCAL SPROG roll is eight bytes.
a group.
Pointers are added to the roll
when the labels are found as arguments in
CALL statements.
CALL LBL is eight bytes.
ROLL 30:
ERROR SYMBOL ROLL
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
1<------------stmt. function--------------I
~------------------T----------T----------~
I-------name------->1
TAG
0
l ___________________ __________
L1__________
J1
~
The
TAG appearing in the seventh byte of

of the function value.

where it holds any symbol which is in
error, in preparation for printing.
The
group size for the ERROR SYMBOL roll is
eight bytes.
The syrnbo~
<variable name,
subprogram name) occup1es the first six
bytes of the group.
The remaining two
bytes are set to zero.
In Allocate, the first four bytes of

each group are replaced by a pointer to the
BRANCH TABLE roll group which has been
assigned to hold the address of the statement function.
ROLL 31:
The LOCAL SPROG roll is used by Gen and

Exit, but it is not modified in those
phases.
In Parse,
this roll holds the NAMELIST
names defined in the NAMELIST statement by
the source module.
NAMELIST NAMES roll is twelve bytes. These
groups are placed on the roll in the
following format:
ROLL 29:
EXPLICIT ROLL
This roll is used

where it holds the
defined by Explicit
ments.
The group
roll is eight bytes.
group in both phases.
in Parse and Allocate,

names of all variables
specification statesize for the EXPLICIT
The format of the
is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<------------variable name---------------I
~-------------------T----------T----------~
1------------------>1
l ___________________ __________
TAG
LI __________
0
JI
~
where the TAG (seventh byte) indicates the

mode and size of the variable.
Groups are entered on this roll by
Parse; the roll is consulted by Allocate,
but not altered.
ROLL 30:
CALL LBL ROLL
This roll is used only in Parse, where

it holds pointers to the LBL roll groups
defining labels which are passed as arguments in source module CALL statements.
The pointers are held on this roll only
temporarily, and are packed two pointers to
NAMELIST NAMES ROLL
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<---------------NAMELIST-----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
I-------name-------->I
~--------------------~-------------------~
Il _________
pointer
to NAMELIST items
'________________________________
J1
where the pointer indicates the first variable in the list associated with the NAMELIST name.
In Allocate, the content of the
group on the NAMELIST NAMES roll is changed
to reflect the placement of the corresponding NAMELIST table in the object module.
The format of the first two words of the
modified group is:
4 bytes
r--------------------T--------------------,
I
0
1
displacement
I
~--------------------~-------------------~
IL-________________________________________
base table pointer
, JI
group on the BASE TABLE roll to be used for
references to the NAMELIST table, and the
displacement (bytes 3 and 4) indicates the
distance in bytes from the address in that
BASE TABLE roll group to the location of
the beginning of the NAMELIST table.
This roll is used, but not modified, in
Gen and Exi t.
Appendix B:
149
ROLL 32:
NAMELIST ITEMS ROLL
This roll holds the variable

names
listed in the namelists defined by the
source module.
NAMELIST ITEMS roll is eight bytes. Information is placed on the roll by Parse in
the following form:
pointer to the dummy dimension variable on

the SCALAR roll. and all affected multipliers are pointers to temporary locations
(on the TEMP AND CONST roll). The multipliers for an array with dimensions n1, n2,
n3 ,
n7
are
1,
n1,
n1*n2, ,
n1*n2*n3*n4*nS*n6.
The ARRAY DIMENSION roll is present, but
not modified in Unify, Gen, and Exit.
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<---------------variable-----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
I-------name-------->
0
L____________________ I ____________________
JI
ROLL 34:
A marker symbol separates namelists on

roll.
This roll becomes the object module

branch table.
During Allocate, where the
roll is first used, the size of the roll is
determined, and some groups are actually
placed on it.
These groups contain the
value zero, and each group refers to a
source module label.
The roll is used in this

Allocate and is destroyed.
It
appear in later phases.
ROLL 33:
the
format by
does not
ARRAY DIMENSION ROLL
This roll is used to hold dimension

information for the arrays defined in the
source module.
ARRAY DIMENSION roll is variable.
The
information is placed on the roll by Parse
in the form of a plex, as follows:
BRANCH TABLE ROLL
In Gen, the information for the BRANCH

TABLE roll groups is supplied as each
labeled statement is processed. The group
size for the BRANCH TABLE roll is eight
bytes. The format of the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
area code
I
~-----------------------------------------~
IL_________________________________________
relative address
JI
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
n
I
~-----------------------------------------~
dimension
~---------------------~-------------------~
multiplier
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
dimension
I
~-----------------------------------------~
multiplier
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
I
I
I
I
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
dimension
I
~----------------------------------------~
IL_________________________________________
multiplier
JI
where n is the number of words in the plex,

exclusive of itself.
As many dimensions
and corresponding multipliers appear as
there are dimensions declared for
the
array.
Unless the array is a dummy and has
dummy dimensions, each dimension and multiplier is a constant. When dummy dimensions
do appear in the array definition, the
corresponding dimension on this roll is a
150
where the area code provides the reference

for linkage editor modification of the
corresponding branch table word, and the
relati ve address is the relative locat.ion
of the label in the control section (area)
in which it appears.
Branch table (and,
hence, BRANCH TABLE roll) entries are provided for all branch target labels, statement functions, and made labels (labels
constructed by the compiler to refer to
return points in DO loops and to the
statements following Logical IF
statements).
The roll is retained in the Gen format
until it is written out by Exit.
ROLL 35:
TEMP DATA NAME ROLL
This roll is used only in Parse. where

it holds pointers and size information for
variables listed in DATA statements or in
Explicit
specification statements which
specify initial values.
Information is
held on this roll while the statement is
being processed.
The group size for the TEMP DATA NAME

roll is four bytes. Four groups are added
to the TEMP DATA NAME roll for each variable listed in the statement being scanned.
They are in the following sequence:
4
bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
element size (bytes)
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
pointer to variable
i
~-----------------------------------------~
number elements set

I
~-----------------------------------------~
Il _________________________________________
element number
JI
The third group specifies the number of

elements of the variable being set by the
DATA statement or the Explicit specification statement.
If a full array is set,
this is the number of elements in the
array; if a specific array element is set,
this word contains the value one.
The fourth group indicates the first
element number being set.
If a full array
is being set,
this word holds the value
zero; otherwise, it holds the
element
number.
ROLL 36:
tains a pOinter to the value which is held

in the corresponding general register at
the present point in the object module; as
the contents of b~e general registers are
changed, the pointers are changed.
The
pointers are used primarily to indicate
that the general register is in use and the
mode of the value in it. They are used for
optimizing only in the case of the general
registers which are loaded from the base
table and the general reg~ste~s used for
indexing.
If the general register corresponding to a specific group is not in use,
the group holds the value zero.
ROLL 37:
EQUIVALENCE ROLL
,
In Parse, this roll holds the names of
all
variables listed in source module
EQUIVALENCE statements . One group is used
for each variable name listed in the source
statement,
and
EQUIVALENCE
sets
are
separated from each other by a marker
symbol.
The group size for the EQUIVALENCE
roll is twelve bytes. The format of the
group is:
TEMP POLISH ROLL
4 bytes

it holds the Polish notation for a single
DATA group during the scanning of that
group.
In an Explicit specification statement, a DATA group is defined to be a
single variable and the associated constants; in a DATA statement, a DATA group
is the set of variables listed between a
pair of slash characters and the constants
associated with that set.
This roll is used because any error
encountered in a DATA group will cause the
Polish notation for the entire group to be
canceled.
In an Explicit specification
statement, the type information on the
variable is retained when the data is bad;
if,
however,
the type information is bad,
the data is also lost. The group size is
four bytes.
ROLL 36:
r-----------------------------------------,
I <---------------variable-----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
I---name------------>I
0
I
~-------------------~-------------------~
IL______________________________________
EQUIVALENCE OFFSET pointer
I
~~=J
The pointer to the EQUIVALENCE OFFSET roll

points to the first word of a plex on that
roll which holds the subscript information
supplied in the EQUIVALENCE statement.
If
, no subscript was used on the variable in
the EQUIVALENCE statement, the value zero
appears in the third word of the group on
the EQUIVALENCE roll.
The roll is used and destroyed in Allocate, during the assignment of storage for
FX AC ROLL
ROLL 37:
This roll is used in Gen only and is a

fixed length roll of 16 qroups. The groups
refer to the 16 general registers in order.
The group size for the FX AC roll is
four bytes.
Each group on the roll con-
BYTE SCALAR ROLL
This roll is use(~ only in Allocate,

where it holds (temporarily) the names of
1-byte scalar variables.
The group size
for the BYTE SCALAR roll is eight bytes.
Appendix B:
151
ROLL 39:
4 bytes
COMMON DATA ROLL
r-----------------------------------------,
I<-------------scalar name----------------I
~-------------------T----------T---------~
1------------------->1
TAG
,_________
0
l ____________________ __________
J,
~
where the TAG field indicates the mode

size of the variable.
ROLL 38:
and
This roll holds the names of all COMMON

variables as defined in source module COMMON statements. A marker symbol separates
COMMON blocks on this roll.
All information is placed on this roll in Parse.
The group size is eight pytes. The
first six bytes of each group hold the
nameof the COMMON variable; the remaining
two bytes are set to zero, as follows:
USED LIB FUNCTION ROLL
4 bytes
In Parse, the roll holds the names and

other information for all library FUNCTIONs
which are actually referenced in the source
module. The group size for the USED LIB
FUNCTION roll is twelve bytes. The information is placed on the roll in the following format:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<---------------FUNCTION-----------------I
~-------------------T----------T----------~
I-------name------->,
TAG
r-----------------------------------------,
I<------------variable name---------------I
~-------------------T---------------------~
l ___________________ _____________________
JI
1------------------>1
0
~
In Allocate, the information on this

roll 1S used and destroyed. The roll is
not used in later phases.
ROLL 39:
HALF WORD SCALAR ROLL
~---------T---------+----------L----------~
l'TAG
_________
1_________
flag
1_____________________
no. arguments
J1
The TAG appearing in byte 7 indicates the

mode and size of the function value. The
TAG appearing in byte 9 indicates the mode
and size of the arguments to the FUNCTION.
The flag in byte 10 indicates whether the
FUNCTION is in-line and, if it is, which
generation routine should be used. If the
flag is zero, a call is to be generated.
The last two bytes hold the number of
arguments to the FUNCTION.
The maximum
number of arguments allowed for the MIN and
MAX FUNCTIONs is 16,000.
In Allocate, the information in the
first two words of the group is altered to:
The roll is used only in Allocate, where

it holds (temporarily) the names of halfword scalar variables defined in the source
module.
The group size for the HALF WORD
SCALAR roll is eight bytes. The format of
the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<-------------scalar name----------------I
~-------------------T----------T----------~
TAG
I __________
0
_________
J1
1------------------>1
l ___________________
where the TAG indicates the mode and size

of the variable.
4 bytes
r---------T----------T--------------------,
1 TAG
1
0
1
displacement
1
~---------~----------~--------------------~
,l _________________________________________
base table pointer
JI

group on the BASE TABLE roll to be used in
referring to the address of the subprogram.
The displacement is the distance in bytes
from the contents of the base table entry
to the location at which the address of the
subprogram will be stored. The TAG byte is
unchanged, except in location, from Parse.
The USED LIB FUNCTION roll is consulted
Gen in the construction of object code,
but it is not modified. It is also present, but not modified, in Exit.
by
152
ROLL 40:
COMMON NAME ROLL
In Parse, this roll holds the name of

each COMMON block, and a pointer to the
location on the COMMON DATA roll at which
the specification of the variables in that
block begins.
COMMON NAME roll is twelve bytes. The
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------block name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
1------------------->1
~--------------~-----~-------------------~
L_________________________________________
J1
1
COMMON DATA pointer
The pointer points to the first variable in

the list of names which follows the block
name in the COMMON statement; since a
sinale COMMON block may be mentioned more
than once in source-module COMMON statements, the same COMMON name may appear more
than once on this roll. The information is
placed on this roll as COMMON statements
are processed by Parse.
In Allocate, the roll is rearranged and
the last word of each group is replaced by
the size of the COMMON block in bytes,
after duplicate COMMON names have been
eliminated.
The size is written out by
Allocate and the roll is destroyed.
ROLL 40:
TEMP PNTR ROLL
The group size for the TEMP PNTR roll is

four bytes. This roll is used only in Gen,
and holds pointers to those groups on the
TEMP AND CONST roll that represent object
module temporary storage locations.
The
information recorded on this roll is maintained so that temporary storage created
for one statement can be reused by subsequent statements.
ROLL 41:
IMPLICIT
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------~-----1
I
I
I
1 byte
1 byte
1 byte
r----------T---------T---------T----------,
I letter
I
0
I TAG
I
0
I
~
_________
_________ L_ _________ J
This information is placed on the roll by

Parse. The TAG field in the third byte of
assigned to the letter by means of the
IMPLICIT statement.
The IMPLICIT roll is used
and destroyed.
where n is the number of words in the plex

exclusive of itself and, therefore, also
the number of subscripts. Each subscript
is recorded as an integer constant.
The connection between a plex on this
roll
and the corresponding EQUIVALENCE
variable is m~e by a pointer which appears
on the EQUIVALENCE roll and points to the
first word of the appropriate pIe x on this
roll.
In Allocate, the EQUIVALENCE OFFSET roll
is used in the allocation of storage for
It" is destroyed
during this phase, and does not appear in
the later phases of the compiler.
by
FL AC ROLL
This roll is used in Gen only, and is a

fixed length roll of four groups.
The
groups refer to the four floating-point
registers, in order.
The group size for the FL AC roll is
four bytes.
Each group on the roll contains a pointer to the value which is held
in the register at the present point in the
object program; as the contents of the
registers change, the pointers are changed.
These pointers are used primarily to indicate that the register is in use and the
mode of the value in it. If the register
is not in use, the corresponding group on
this roll contains zero.
Allocate,
ROLL 43:
ROLL 42;
~----------------------------~----------i
L
JI
I _________________________________________
subscript n
RO~
The roll is used only in Parse and

Allocate, where it holds the information
supplied by the source module lMPLICIT
statement. The group size for the IMPLICIT
roll is four bytes. Its format is:
L __________
I
II
ROLL 42:
1 byte
i~-----------------------------------------~
subscript 1
i
~-----------------------------------------~
I
subscript 2
I
~----------------------------------------~
EQUIVALENCE OFFSET ROLL
Thi s roll ;.s constructed during the

operation of Parse and holds the subscripts
from EQUIVALENCE variables in the form of
plexes. The group size for the EQUIVALENCE
OFFSET roll is variable. Each plex has the
form:
LBL ROLL
This roll holds all labels used and/or

defined in the source module.
Each label
is entered on the roll by Parse when it is
f~rst encountered,
whether in the label
field or within a statement.
The group size for the LBL roll is four
bytes. In Parse, the format of the LBL
roll group is:
Appendix B:
Rolls Used in the compiler
153
The SCALAR roll is checked,

but
fied, during Unify, Gen, and Exit.,
ROLL 44:
modi-
occupy fewer than 16 characters are rightadjusted in the grou~ with leading zeros.
holds the hexadecimal conin

source
module
DATA
In Parse, this roll holds the names of

variables listed in DATA statements and
variables for which data values are provided in Explicit specification stateme~ts.
The names are entered on the roll when they
are found in these statements.
rhe group
size for this roll is eight bytes.
The
groups have the following form:
HEX CaNST ROLL
This roll
stants
used
statements.
The format of the roll is identical for

all phases of the compiler. The group size
is 16 bytes.
Two hexa1ecimal characters
are packed to a byte, and constants which
Appendix B:
154.1
1 byte
3 bytes
r---------T-------------------------------,
I TAG
I
binary label
I
l ________
_______________________________ J
where the first byte is treated as the TAG

field of a pointer, and the remaining three
bytes contain the label, converted to a
binary integer.
In the TAG field, the mone portion (the
first four bits)
is used to
indicate
whether the label has been defined; the
remainder of the TAG field is used to
indicate whether the label is the target of
a jump, the label of a FOR~ffiT, or neither.
The leftmost four bits of the
are used as follows:
8
Label is defined
Label is undefined
TAG
byte
The rightmost four bits of the TAG byte

indicate the following:
In Parse, the names of all unsubscripted

variables which are not dummy arguments to
statement functions are listed on the roll
in the order of their appearance in active
(non-specification)
statements
in
the
source module. Variables which are defined
in specification statements, but ~hich are
never used in the source module, are not
entered on the roll. The group size for
the SCALAR roll is eight bytes. The format
of the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<-------------scalar name----------------I
~--------------------T----------T---------~
1------------------->1
TAG
I _________
0
l ____________________ __________
JI
~
The TAG field appearing in the seventh byte

of the group indicates th~ mode and size of
the variable in the format of the TAG field
of a pointer.
This is the label of the target

of a jump (GO TO) statement.
In Allocate, the information lett on the

SCALAR roll by Parse is replaced by information indicating the storage assigned for
the variable. The resulting format of the
group is:
This is the
statement.
r---------T----------T--------------------,
I
TAG
IDBG/CEAD I
displacement
1
This label is a possible reentry point within an innermost

DO loop that may have a possible
extended range.
(Parse inserts
the hexadecimal 5 to indicate to
Gen that the label is a possible
re-entry point; the Gen phase
then restores those registers
that
were
saved before the
extended range was entered.)
4 bytes
= None
label of a FORMAT
of the above conditions.
In Allocate, the lower three bytes of

each LBL roll group defining a jump target
label are replaced by the lower three bytes
of a pointer to the BRANCH TABLE roll
group, which will hold the location of the
label at object time. Each group defining
a FOR~~T statement label is replaced (lower
three bytes only) with a pointer to the
FOR~AT roll
group which holds the base
pointer and displacement for the FORMAT.
Groups defining the targets of unclosed DO
loops are cleared to zero.
In Gen, the LBL roll is used to find the
pointers to the BRANCH TABLE and FORMAT
rolls, but it is not altered.
154
~---------~----------~--------------------~
Jl _________________________________________
base table pointer
J
The TAG field appearing in the first byte

is unchanged, except in location, from the
TAG field held in the SCALAR roll group
during Parse.
The DBG/CEAD flag (in the
second byte) is logically split into two
hexadecimal values.
The first of these
indicates debug references to the variable;
the value is 1 for a scalar referred to in
the INIT option; otherwise, the value is
zero.
The second hexadecimal value is
nonzero if the variable is in COMMON, a
member of an EQUIVALENCE set, or an argument to a subprogram or a global dummy;
otherwise, it is zero.
The displacement in
bytes 3 and 4, and the base table pOinter
in the second word, function together to
indicate the storage location assigned for
the variable.
The base table pointer specifies a BASE TABLE roll group; the displacement is the distance in bytes from the
location contained in that group to the
location of the scalar variable.
If the
scalar is a call by name dummy, the base
table pointer is replaced by a pointer to
the GLOBAL DMY roll group defining it, and
the displacement is zero.
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
ROLL 41:
FULL WORD 5CAIAR ROLL
I<---------~~~variahl~ name---~-----------I
~-------------~=:~::T-:~=~---------------~
1------------------->1
0
l ____________________ ____________________
J1
~
This information is used to ensure that

no data values are provided in the source
module ~or durr~y variables. The informa=
tion is left on the roll throughout Parse,
but is cleared before Allocate operates.
In Allocate. binarv labels and the names
of statement' functions, scalar variables,
arrays, global
subprograms,
elUU
used
library functions are placed on the roll in
order.
The group size for this roll is
four bytes. Each label entered on the roll
occupies one word; the names occupy two
words each and are left-justified, leaving
the last two bytes of each name group
unused.
The encoded information is placed on
this roll by Allocate as its operations
modify the rolls on which the information
was originally recorded by Parse.
Thus,
all the labels appear first, in the order
of their appearance on the LBL roll, etc.
The information is used by the Exit phase
in producing the object module listing (if
the LIST option is specified by the user).

where it holds the names of all fullword
scalar variables defined by the source
module. The group size is eight bytes.
The format of the group on the roll is:
r-----------------------------------------,
1<-------------scalar' name----------------I
~--------------------T----------T---------~
1------------------->1
TAG
1
0
l ____________________ l-_________
l--_______
jI
where the TAG indicates the mode and size
of the variable. This information is held
on this roll only temporarily during the
assignment of storage for scalar variables.
ROLL 48:
COMMON AREA ROLL

where it holds COMMON block names and sizes
temporarily during the allocation of COMMON
storage.
The group size for the COMMON
AREA roll is twelve bytes. The format of
4 bytes
ROLL 46:
LITERAL TEMP (TEMP LITERAL) ROLL
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------block name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
1------------------->1
0
1
~--------------------~-------------------~
1L ________________________________________
block size (bytes)
JI

it
holds literal' constants temporarily
while they are being scanned.
The group
size for the LITERAL TEMP or TEMP LITERAL
roll is four bytes. Literal constants are
placed on the roll one character per byte,
or four characters per group.
, ROLL 48:
ROLL 47:
COMMON DATA TEMP ROLL
This roll holds the information from the

COMMON DATA roll temporarily during the
operation of Allocate, which is the only
phase in which this roll is used.
The
qroup size for the COMMON DATA TEMP roll is
eight bytes.
The format of the group is
identical to that of the COMMON DATA roll,
namely:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------variable------------------I
~-------------------T--------------------i
0
lI-------name-------->1
____________________ ____________________
J1
~
NAMELIST ALLOCATION ROLL

where it holds information regarding NAMELIST items temporarily during the allocation of storage for the NAMELIST tables.
The group size for this roll is twelve
bytes. The format of the group is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<------------variable name---------------I
~-------------------T--------------------i
1------------------->1
0
1
~--------------------~-------------------~
1l _________________________________________
pointer
J1
where the pointer indicates the
group
defining the variable on either the SCALAR
or ARRAY roll.
Appendix B:
155
ROLL 49:
COMMON NAME TEMP ROLL
4 bytes
r------------------------------T----------,
I
where it holds the information from the
COMMON NAME roll temporarily.
The group
size for the COMMON NAME TEMP roll is
twelve bytes. The format of the group is
therefore identical to that of the COMMON
NAME roll:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<--------------block name----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
1------------------->1
0
I
~-------------------~--------------------~
COMMON DATA pointer
lI _________________________________________
J1
area code
ESD
~------------------------------~---------~
1l _________________________________________
address
JI
where the area code indicates the control
section in which the variable or constant
is contained. The ESD number gQverns the
modification of the location by the linkage
editor, and the address is the location
requiring modification.
Information is placed on this roll by
both Allocate and Exit, and the RLD cards
are written from the information by Exit.
The entries made on the RLD roll by Allocate concern the NAMELIST
tables;
all
remaining entries are made by Exit.
where the COMMON DATA pointer pOints to the

list of variables in the COMMON block.
ROLL 52:
ROLL 50:
EQUIV ALLOCATION ROLL
This roll is used only during Allocate,

and is not used in any other phase of the
compiler. W1' r:1" the allocation of storage
for EQUIVALENCE variables has been completed, the information which has been
produced on the GENERAL ALLOCATION roll is
moved to this roll. The group size for the
EQUIV ALLOCATION roll is twelve bytes. The
format of the group is, therefore, identical to that on the GENERAL ALLOCATION
roll:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<---------------variable-----------------I
~-------------------T--------------------~
I-------name-------->I
displacement
I
~--------------------~--------------------~
1l _________________________________________
base table pointer
J1

group on the BASE TABLE roll which will be
used for references to the variable. The
displacement is the distance in bytes from
the location indicated in the BASE TABLE
roll group to the location of the variable.
This roll is used only in Allocate and

is not used in any other phase of the
compiler.
When the allocation of COMMON
storage has been completed, the information
which has been produced on the GENERAL
ALLOCATION roll is moved to this roll. The
group size for the COMMON ALLOCATION roll
is twelve bytes. The format of the group
is, therefore, identical to that on the
GENERAL ALLOCATION roll:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<---------------variable-----------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
I-------name-------->1

group on the BASE TABLE roll which will be
used for references to the variable.
The displacement is the distance in
bytes from the location indicated in the
the variable.
LOOP CONTROL ROLL
RLD ROLL
This roll is used only in Allocate and

Exit: it is not used in Parse. In both
Allocate and Exit, the roll holds the
information required for the production of
RLD cards. The group size for the RLD roll
is eight bytes. The group format is:
156
displacement
~-----------------.---~-------------------~
1L-________________________________________
base table pointer
J1
ROLL 52:
ROLL 51:
COMMON ALLOCATION ROLL
This roll is created by Unify and is

used by Gen. The information contained on
the roll indicates the control of a loop.
The group si zOe for the LOOP CONTROL roll
is twelve bytes.
The format of the LOOP
CONTROL roll group in Unify and Gen is:
4 bytes
r-----------T- ---------------------------,
I traits
I
coefficient
1
t-----------~-----------------------------~
I register (t.ds loop)
i
t----------------------------------------~
Il _________________________________________
base or register (outer loop)
JI
(txaits) indic,1tes whether the coefficient
is initiated by a direct load.
The remaining three by~es is the coefficient, which
is the multipl~er for the induction variable.
The se~nd four bytes is the register where the ~oefficient is required.
The
basp i~ thp Ro~rce of initialization of the
register; it can be either a constant,
register, or all address.
This roll is first used in Parse, where

the FORMAT statements are placed on it.
See Appendix D for the description of the
encoding of the FORMAT statement.
Each group of the FORMAT roll is in the
form of a plex (the qroup size is given in
word 0).
The configuration of a FOR~AT
group in Parse is:
~
which, taken together, indicate the beginning location of the FORMAT statement.
These groups are packed to the BASE of the
roll;
that is,
this information for the
first FORMAT dppears ln the first two words
on the roll, the information for the second
FORMAT appears in words 3 and 4, etc.
The LBL roll group which defines the
label of the FORMAT statement holds a
pointer to the displacement recorned for
the statement on this roll.
The FORMAT roll is retained in this form
for the remainder of the corepilation.
This roll is created by Parse as each

appropriate array reference is encountered.
The array reference indicated incluies subscripts
(one or more)
which
use
ttle
instruction varidble in a linear fasnion.
Unify uses the contents of the roll.
The group size of the SCRIPT roll is 10
bytes,
plus ~n additional 4 bytes for each
DO loop that is open a t thf-~ point of tfle
array reference represented by the entry.
Thf' group forma t
of the E~CF<.I PT roll
in
Parse and Unify is as described for the
NONSTD SCRIPT roll.
bytes
r-----------------------------------------l
I
size of the group
1
t-----------------------------------------~
I
pointer to the LBL roll
1
t-----------------------------------------~
I
number of bytes in the FORMAT
i
t-----------------------------------------~
I
I
I
I
lI _________________________________________ J1
Word 0 contains a value which indicates the
number of words in the group on tne roll.
The pointer to the LBL roll paints to the
label of the corresponding FORMAT statement.
'l'tJe next word gives the number of
bytes of storage occupied by this particular FOR~~T statement.
The ellipses denote
that the encoded FORMAT follows this control information.
ROLL 55:-.-- LOOP

-----.-
DATA ROLL
This roll contains the initializing and

terminating data, and indicates the induction variable and the nesting level of the
particular loop from which this entry was
created.
The roll is created in Parse at the tilae
that the loop is epcountered.
The group
size of the LOOP DATA roll is 20 bytes.
The group format of the roll in Parse is:
4 bytes
r---------T-------------------------------,
TAG
nest level
.---------~-------------------------------~
pointer to induction variable

I
~-----------------------------------------~
1
pointer to n 1 (initial value)
L- ________________________________________
JI
In Allocate, the FORMATs are replaced hy

the following:
4 bytes
r--------------------T--------------------,
0
,displacement
I
t-------------~------~--------------------~
Il __________________________________________
~
base table pointer
JI
where the TAG byte contains a X'SO' when an

inner DO loop contains a possible extended
range.
The X'SO' is placed there by Parse
and tested by Gen.
The Gen phase then
produces object code to save general registers 4 through 7 at the beginning of this
DO loop so that the registers are not
Appendix B:
157
altered in the extended range. The next

three bytes indicate the nest level of the
loop.
The second word is a pointer to the
SCALAR roll group which describes
the
induction variable. The third word of the
group points to the initializing value for
the induction variable, which may be represented on the FX CONST roll or the SCALAR
roll.
During the operation of the Unify phase,
the roll is completed with pointers to the
LOOP CONTROL roll. During Unify, the LOOP
CONTROL roll is also created; therefore,
insertion of the pointers is done while the
loop control data is being established.
The following illustration shows the

configuration of the LOOP DATA roll as it
is used in Unify:
4 bytes
r----------~------------------------------l
traits
frequency
.----------~--------~---------------------~
,
ARRAY REF pointer
I
.-----------------------------------------~
I
ARRAY pointer
I
.-----------------------------------------~
ARRAY offset pointer

I
~------------------------------~----------~
J
I
.-----------------------------------------~
J
I
1
(nest level = 2)
I
.-----------------------------------------~
I
I
1
I
I
I
.-----------------------------------------~
1
I
Il _________________________________________
(nest level = n)
JI
See the NONSTD
description.
SCRIPT
roll
for further
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
nest level
I
~-----------------------------------------~
SCALAR pointer
(in~uction
variable)
~-----------------------------------------~
FX CaNST oointer or SCALAR pointer
~-----------------------------------------i
LOOP CONTROL pointer (start init.)
~-----------------------------------------~
This roll is used only in Gen, where it

handles subscripts (array references) which
are not handled by Unify. The group size
for the ARRAY PLEX roll is twelve bytes.
Tne format of the group on the roll is:
1l _________________________________________
LOOP CONTROL pointer (end init.)
JI
4 bytes
r-----------~-----------------------------l
pointer to array
I
.-----------------------------------------~
J
painter to index
I
The last two words (eight bytes) of the

group are inserted by Unify. These pointers point to the first and last LOOP
CaNTHaL roll groups concerned with this
loop.
This roll is a duplicate of the SCRIPT

roll. The contents of the SCRIPT roll are
transferred to the PROGR~~ SCRIPT roll in
Parse as each loop is closed. Each loop is
represented by a reserved block on the
roll.
The group size of the PROGRAM SCRIPT
roll is 16 bytes, plus an additional 4
bytes for each nest level up to and including the one containing the reference represented by the entry.
The format of the
PROGRAM SCRIPT roll group in Parse and
Unify is as follows:
158
t-----------------------------------------~
IL_________________________________________
displacement
JI
'The pointer in the first word of the group
points to the ARRAY REF roll when the
,ubscript used contains DO dependent linear
subscripts (which are handled by Unify) and
non-linear
variables.
otherwise,
the
pointer refers to the ARRAY roll.
The second word of the group holds a
pointer to the index value to be used in
the subscripted array reference.
Thi~
pointer points to general register 9 on the
FX AC roll if the index value has been
loaded into that register; if the index
value has been stored in a temporary location, the pointer indicates the proper
location on the TEMP AND CaNST roll; if the
index value
is a fixed
constant, the
pointer indicates the proper group on the
FX CaNST roll.
When the information in
this word has been used to construct the
proper instruction for the array reference,
the word is cleared to zero.
The displacement, in the third word of

the group, appears only when the first word
of the group holds a pointer t.o the ARRAY
roll.
~nerwise,
tne displacement is on
the ARRAY REF roll in the group indicated
by the pointer in the first word, and this
word contains the value zero.
This value
is the displacement value to be used in the
instruction
generated
for
the
array
reference.
1 1
1 2
1 1
5 6
1 2
9 0
3
1
r---------------T----T----T---------------l
lop code
IR1
IR~
offset
~---------------~---~---~--------------~
I
I
0 or TEMP AND CONST roll

pointer
~-----------------------------------------~
I
I
0 or TEMP AND CONST roll

pointer
~------------------------------~----------i
,ARRAY
pointer
l _________________________________________
JI
ROLL 51:
ROLL 58:
ARRAY REF ROLL
Pointers to this roll are inserted into

the Polish notation by Parse. At the time
that these pointers are established, the
ARRAY REF roll is empty. The pointer is
inserted into the Polish notation when an
array
reference
includes linear loopcontrolled subscripts.
The roll is initially created by Unify
and completed by Gen. The group size of
the ARRAY REF roll is 16 bytes. The format
of the ARRAY REF roll group as it appears
in Unify is as follows:
1 1
1 2
1 1
5 6
1 2
9 0
AOR CONST ROLL
This roll contains relocatable

tion that is to be used by Exit.
inforroa-
Unify creates the roll which contains a

pOinter to the TEMP AND CONST roll and an
area code and displacement. The pointer
indicates an entry on the TEMP AND CONST
roll which must be relocated according to
the area code.
The displacement is the
value
to be placed in that temporary
storage and constant area location.
The group size of the ADR CONST roll is
eight bytes.
The format of the ADR CONST
roll group in Unify is:
4 bytes
3
1
r---------------T----T----T---------------,
r--------------------T--------------------,
I
area code
I
displacement
I
r---------------~----~----~---------------~
Il _________________________________________
TEMP AND CONST pointer
JI
IR1
IR~
offset
pointer to register (R 1 ) or to the

CONST roll
TE~~ ~~~
r-----------------------------------------~
I
I
pointer to register
TEMP AND CONST roll
(R~)
or to the
~-------------------~-------------------i
I
,
These groups are constructed by Unify to

provide additional base table values for
indexing.
t-----------------------------------------~
Il _________________________________________
pointer to the ARRAY roll
JI
ROLL 59:
AT ROLL
The first word of the group contains the

This roll is constructed in Parse and
low 20 bits of an instruction which is4
used ~_n Gen.
It is not used in the
being formatted by the compiler. R1 and R~
remaining phases. The group size for this
are the two register fields to be filled
with the numbers of the registers to be
group is:
used for the array reference. Word 2 of
the group contains the pointer indicating
4 bytes
the reqister to be assigned for R1 WOrd 3
of the group indicates the register R~.
,
AT label pointer
I
When R1 and R~ have been assigned, the
~---------------------------------------i
second and third words are set to zero.
I
debug label pointer
I
~-----------------------------------------i
Il _________________________________________
return label pOinter
JI
Gen completes the entry by adding the
operation code to the instruction that is
being built.
The format of an ARRAY REF
All three of the pointers in the group
roll group in Gen is:
point to the LBL roll. The first points to
the label indicated in the source module AT
r-----------------------------------------,
Appendix B:
159
statement.
The second points to the made
label supplied by the compiler for the code
it has written to perform the debugging
operations.
The third label pointer indicates the made label supplied for the point
in the code to which the debug
code
returns; that is,
the code which follows
the branch to the debugging code.
ROLL 62:
GENERAL ALLOCATION ROLL
This ~oll is used only during Allocate,

and is not used in any other phase of the
compiler. During the various allocation
operations performed by this phase, the
roll holds the information which ultimately
resides on the remaining ALLOCATION rolls.
The group size for the GENERAL ~LOCATION
group is:
4 bytes
ROLL 60:
r-----------------------------------------,
SUBCBK ROLL
I<---------------variable-----------------I
~-------------------T---------------------1
This roll is initialized in Parse and

used in Allocate.
It does not appear in
later phases. The group size for this roll
is eight bytes.. The format of the group
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I<------------variable name---------------I
~--------------------T--------------------~
l ____________________ ____________________
J1
1------------------->1
0
~
Each group holds the name of an array

listed in the SUBCHK option of a source
module DEBUG ~tatement.
ROLL 60:
NAMELIST MPY DATA ROLL
This roll is set up during the construction of the NAMELIST tables in Allocate.
In Exit, the roll is used to complete the
information in the NAMELIST tables. The
roll is not used in the other phases of the
compiler. The group size for the NAMELIST
MPY DATA roll is eight bytes. The format
of the group on this roll is:
I-------name------->1
displacement
~-------------------~--------------------1
1l _________________________________________
base table pointer
JI
group on the BASE TABLE ro~l which will be
used for references to the variable.
The displacement is the distance in
bytes from the location indicated in the
the variable.
During the allocation of COMMON,
the
third word of each group holds a relative
address until all of a COMMON block has
been allocated, when the relative address
is replaced by the pointer as indicated
above.
During the allocation of EQUIVALENCE variables, relative addresses within
the EQUIVALENCE variables are used and then
replaced by pointers as for COMMON.
ROLL 62:
CODE
ROL~
This
roll
holds
the
object code
generated by the compiler, in binary. This
roll is first used in Gen, where the object
code for the entire source module is built
up on the roll.
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
multiplier constant
1
~-----------------------------------------i
1
l _________________________________________
address
J1
The multiplier constant refers to an
array dimension for an array mentioned in a
NAMELIST list. The address is the location
in a NAMELIST table at which a pointer to
the multiplier constant must appear.
In
Exit, the constant is placed in the temporary storage and constant area of the
object module, and a TXT card is punched to
load its address into the location specified in the second word of the group.
160
The group size for the CODE roll is

eight bytes.
Two types of groups are
placed on the roll during the operations of
Gen.
The first type of group is added to
the roll by the instructions IEYBIN, IEYBIM
and IEYBID.
In this type of group, the
binary instruction is left-justified in the
eight bytes. When the instruction occupiesonly two bytes, the first word is completed with zeros.
When the instruction
occupies two or four bytes, the second word
of the group holds a pointer to the defining group for the operand of the instruction.
When the instruction is a 6-byte
instruction, the last two bytes of the
group contain zero, and no pointer to the
operand appears. A unique value is placed

on the CODE roll by these instructions to
indicate the beginning of a new control
section.
The second type of group entered on the
CODE roll appears as a result of the
operation of one of the instructions IEYPOC
and IEYMOC.
These groups do not observe
the 8-byte group size of the roll, but
rather beqin with a word containinq a
special value in the upper two bytes; this
value indicates an unusual group.
The
lower two bytes of this word contain the
number of words in the following information. This word is followed by the binary
instructions.
The object module code is written out
from this roll by the Exit phase of the
compiler.
WORK ROLL
The WORK roll is often used to hold
intermediate values.
The group size for
this roll is four bytes. The name Wo is
applied to the bottom of the WORK roll (the
last meaningful word), W1 refers to the
next-to-bottom group on the WORK roll, etc.
In the POP instructions these names are
used liberally. and must be interpreted
wi th care. Lo;'ding a value i.nto WO is
storage
into the next available word,
(WRKADR) + 4, lIDless specj fica lly otherwise
indicated, while storage from WO t:o anot.her
location involves access to the contents of
the last word on the roll,
(WRKADR).
WRKADR is normally incremented followinq a
load operation and decr~mented following a
store.
EXIT ROLL
ROLL 63:
AFTER POLISH ROLL
This
roll is constructed in Parse,
remains untouched until Gen, and is destroyed in that phase.
The AFTER POLISH roll holds the Polish
notation produced by Parse. The Polish for
one statement is moved off of the POLISH
roll and added to this roll when it is
completed; thus, at the end of Parse, the
Polish
notation for the entire source
module is on this roll.
In Gen, the Polish notation is returned
the POLISH roll from the AFTER POLISH
ru~~ Iur the production of object code.
At
the conclusion of the Gen phase, the roll
is empty and is no longer required by the
compiler. The group size for this roll is
four bytes.
to
WORK AND EXIT ROLLS

Because of the nature and frequency of
their use, the WORK roll and the EXIT roll
are assigned permanent storage locations in
IEYROL, which is distinct from the storage
area reserved for all other rolls.
As a
result, these rolls may never be reserved
and are manipulated differently by the POP
instructions.
The group stats and the
items BASE and TOP are not maintained for
these rolls.
The only control item maintained for these rolls corresponds to the
item BOTTOM, and is carried in the general
register WRKADR (register 4) for the WORK
roll and EXTADR (register 5) for the EXIT
roll.
The EXIT roll holds exit addresses for

subroutines and, thereby, pr"ovides for the
recursion used throughout the compiler.
The ANSWER BOX is also recorded on the EXIT
roll.
The group size for the EXIT roll is
twelve bytes. The first byte is the ANSWER
BOX. The rem3lning information on the roll
is recorded when a subroutine jump is
performed in the compiler code; it is used
to return to the instruction following the
jump when t.he ~>ubroutine has completed its
operation.
The values placed on the EXIT roll
differ, depending on the way in which the
subrout1ne jump is performed. As a result
of the interpn~tation of the IEY,)SB POP
instruction, 1:he last three bytes of t.he
first word contain the location of the
IEYJSB plus two (the location of the POP
instruction following the
IEYJSB,
the
return point); the second word of the group
holds an address within the IEYJSB subroutine; the third word contains the location
of the global label for the routine from
which the subroutine jump was made plus two
(the value of LOCAL JUMP BASE in that
rout.ine)
As an example of how a subroutine jump
is accomplished by means of machine language instructions, the following instructions are used:
L
TMP,G0052J
BAL
ADDR,JSB STORE IN EXIT
to replace the POP instruction

IEYJSB
Appendix B:
G0052J
161
In this case, no value is placed in the

last three bytes of the first word; the
second word holds the address of
the
instruction following the BAL; the third
word holds the location of the global label
immediately preceding the BAL plus two (the
value of POPADR when the jump is taken,
which is also the value of LOCAL JUMP BASE,
162
the base address to be used for local jumps

in the routine from which the subroutine
jump was made).
On return from a subroutine,
these
values are used to restore POPADR and LOCAL
JUMP BASE and they are pruned f rom the EXIT
roll.
APPENDIX C:
This appendix shows the format of the

Polish notation which is generated by the
compiler for each type of statement in the
FORTRAN IV (G) language.
GENERAL FORM
The format of the
Polish
notation
depends on the statement type, but always
terminates with the control driver which
indicates the type of statement:
ARRAY REFERENCES
The Polish notation
for
an
array
reference whose subscripts are all linear
functions of DO variables~ con~ists simply
of a pointer to the appropriate group on
the ARRAY REF roll.
The Polish notation
generated for all other references to an
array element is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------,
larray driver
I
~-----------------------------~
lpointer to array
I
4 bytes
r------------------------------~
r--------------:---------------lt:~!!:~e~~r
I
IL
~------------------------------~,
~----------------------------~,
r--------------~--------------1IpOliSh
,
~------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
______________________________
JI
~--------------~--------------~\
~-----------------------------~,
The statement number is an integer whose

value is increased by one for each statement processed. This value is used only
within the compiler.
t--------------~--------------1Ipolish for
,
I subscript 2
l--------------:--------------~\
~----------------------------~
Imultiplier
,
~-----------------------------~
largument driver
,
LABELED STATEMENTS
,t-----------------------------1,
For labeled statements, a pointer to the

label is inserted between the control driver and the statement number:
I
I
~==============================1'{
I
I
I Polish
~-----------------------------~.
for
~-------------~---------------~\statement
r------------------------------~
Icontrol driver
I
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
Ipointer to statement label
I
I
t--------------~--------------1Ipolish for
I
I subscript 7
4 bytes
Ilabel
for
I ) subscript 1
~-----------------------------~
Imultiplier
,
~-----------------------------~
,argument driver
I
~------------------------------~
Icontrol driver
POLISH NOTATION FORMATS
~------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
______________________________
J
The label information is not included in

the following descriptions of the Polish
notation for individual statement types.
1\
~-----------------------------~
~-----------------------------~
I multiplier
I
~-----------------------------~
largument driver
I
~-----------------------------~
,dummy
array pointer
L
_____________________________
JI
The pointer to the array may indicate

either (1) the ARRAY roll, when none of the
subscripts used in th~ array reference
are
linear functions of DO variables, or
(2)
the ARRAY REF roll, when some, but
not
all, of the subscripts are linear functions
of DO variables. The subscripts for which
Polish notation appears are those which are
Appendix C:
Polish Notation Formats
163
not linear functions of DO variables. Only

the required number of subscripts appear.
LOGICAL IF STATEMENT
The multiplier following each subscript

is the multiplier for the corresponding
array dimension. This value is an integer
unless the array is a dummy including dummy
dimensions which affect this array dimension;
in this case, the multiplier is
represented by a pointer to the TEMP AND
CONST roll.
The Polish
statement is:
notation generated for this
4 bytes
r------------------------------,
t--------------~---------------1i Polish for

I
I logical
~--------------~---------------~\expression
~------------------------------~
t--------------~---------------1ipOliSh for
ENTRY STATEMENT
The Polish notation

ENTRY statement is:
generated for the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
I ,statement
~--------------~---------------~\
S
~------------------------------~'
Ilogical IF driver
I
~------------------------------~
Istatement
number
l ______________________________
JI
Ipointer to ENTRY name
~-----------------------------------------~
I ENTRY driver
t-----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
The pointer points to
roll.
the
ENTRY
RETURN STATEMENT
NAMES
The following Polish notation
duced for the RETURN statement:
is
pro-
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
lpointer to I
I
ASSIGN STATEMENT
The Polish notation
ASSIGN statement is:
generated for the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I pointer to label
t-----------------------------------------~
Ipointer to variable
~-----------------------------------------~
I RETURN dri ver
I
~-----------------------------------------1
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
The pointer to I does not appear if the

statement is of the form RETURN.
~-----------------------------------------~
I ASSIGN driver
t-----------------------------------------~
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT
Istatement
number
l _________________________________________
JI
The Polish notation
sta tement is:
ASSIGNED GO TO STATEMENT
The Polish notation generated
statement is:
for
this
4 bytes
r------------------------------,
lpointer to variable to be set I
for
this
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
Ipointer to variable
t-----------------------------------------~
lassigned GO TO driver
I
t-----------------------------------------~
lIstatement
_________________________________________
number
JI
164
produced
~--------------------------~---~
t--------------~---------------11 Polish for

I
I right side
~--------------~---------------~\
~-----------------------------~/
lassignment driver
~------------------------------~
Istatement
L______________________________
number
JI
The Polish notation for the right side

of the assignment statement is in the
proper form for an expression, and includes
array references where they appear in the
source statement. The variable to be set
may also be an array element; in this case,
the pointer to the variable to be set is
replaced by the Polish notation for an
array reference.
ARITHMETIC IF STATEMENT
The follo~ing Polish
duced for this statement:
4
notation is pro-
bytes
r------------------------------,
t--------------~---------------1/pOliSh for
j' expression
t--------------~---------------~,
~------------------------------~,
UNCONDITIONAL GO TO STATEMENT
The Polish
statement is:
notation
produced for this
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
Ipointer to label
~----------------------------------------~
IGO TO driver
t~~~~~;-~~-;~-----------------l{~f~~:
t~i~~~;-~~-;3-----------------1\
r------------------------------~
Ipointer to label next stmt.
I
~------------------------------~
IIF driver
I
~------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
______________________
- _______ JI
~-----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
The label of the next statement is

inserted following the IF driver because
the next statement may be one of the branch
points referenced; if it is, code will be
generated to fall through to that statement
in the appropriate case(s).
COMPUTED GO TO STATEMENT
DO STATEMENT
The following Polish notation
duced for this statement:
is
proThe following is the Polish notation

produced for the statement DO x i = ml. rn2,
m3:
4 bytes
r------------------------------,
Ipointer to xl
I
~-----------------------------i
Ipointer to x2
I
~-----------------------------i
I
I branch
I
I points
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
lpointer to
(test value)
I
M~
r-----------------------------------------~
lpointer to M3 (increment)
~-----------------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
Ipointer to LOOP DATA roll

I
~-----------------------------------------~
lpointer to LBL roll
I
~-----------------------------~
100 driver
lpointer to xn
Inumber of branch points

I
~------------------------------i
lpointer to variable
I
~-----------------------------~
Icomputed GO TO driver
I
~------------------------------i
lIstatement
______________________________
number
JI
~-----------------------------------------~
~-----------------------------------------~
Istatement number
l--_______________________________________
JI
The pointer to m3 appears, even

increment value is implied.
Appendix C:
if
the
165
DATA STATEMENT AND DATA IN EXPLICIT

SPECIFICATION STATEMENTS
CONTINUE STATEMENT
The Polish
statement is:
notation
produced for this
" bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
ICONTINUE driver
.-----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
For each statement (DATA or Explicit

specification) in which data values for
variables are specified, a Polish record is
produced. This record ends with a DATA
driver and a statement number. For each
variable initialized by the statement, the
following appears:
PAUSE AND STOP STATEMENTS

4 bytes
The Polish notation produced

statements is:
for
these
r-----------------------------------------,I
lpointer to variable
~-----------------------------------------~
Il _________________________________________
offset
JI
" bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
Ipointer to constant
I
~----------------------------------------~
IPAUSE or STOP driver
I
~-----------------------------------------~
The offset is the element number at whicr.

initialization begins; if it does
not
apply, this word contains the value zero.
For both the PAUSE statement and the

STOP statement, the constant appears on the
LITERAL CONST roll, regardless of
its
nature in the source statement.
If no
constant appears in the statement, the
pointer to the constant points to the
literal constant zero.
This information is followed by the pair

of groups
Istatement
number
l _________________________________________
JI
" bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
Irepetition count
END STATEMENT
~----------------------------------------~
the
to constant
llpointer
_________________________________________
J
r-----------------------------------------,I
I END driver
or, when the constant is literal, the three

groups
The Polish notation

END statement is:
generated
for
" bytes
~-----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
" bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
Irepetition count
I
~-----------------------------------------~
lpointer to constant
I
~-----------------------------------------~
Inumber of elements
L-________________________________________
JI
BLOCK DATA STATEMENT

The Polish notation
BLOCK DATA statement is:
generated for the
" bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
IBLOCK DATA driver
~----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
JI
166
where the last group indicates the number

of elements of an array to be filled by the
literal constant.
For array initialization, one or more of the -constant- groups
may appear.
I/O LIST
" bytes
The Polish
notation
for
an
I/O
List
contains pointers to the variables in the

list, Polish notation for array references
where they appear, and pOinters and drivers
to indicate implied DO loops.
r------------------------------,
lpointer to a (data set)
,
t------------------------------,
IFORMAT driver
I
,
~------------------------------~
I point er
r----IEND~
driver
.-----------------------------~~
IERRr- driver
I
C(I),I=l,lO),A,B)
example,
t;nRMAT
~------------------------------~
Ipointer to END label
i
The I/O list
for
t"
------------------------~
results
in
the
following
t------------------------------~
Ipointer to ERR label
Polish notation:
.------------------------------~
" bytes
r----------------------------------------,I
Ipointer to Ma (test value)
~----------------------------------------~
.IIOL driver
---------------.---------------~
t--------------~---------------1ipOliSh
for
1'1/0 list
~-----------------------------------------~
1(
Ipointer to M3 (increment)
r------------------------------i'
Ipointer to LOOP DATA roll

I
~-----------------------------------------~
limplied DO driver
I
.--------.----------------------~'
~----------------------------------------~
.------------------------------~
Ipointer to C
I
.-----------------------------------------~
(number of subscrifts)
I
,1
~----------------------------------------~
'pointer to I (subscript)
I
~-----------------------------------------~
largument driver
I
~-----------------------------------------~
larray driver
I
~----------------------.-------------------~
IIOL DO Close driver
Icode word
IIBCOM entry, formatted READ
t------------------------------~
Ipointer to rBCOM
.------------------------------~
IREAD/WRITE flag,
I nonzero~ READ
zero= WRITE,
I
I
r------------------------------iI
IREAD WRITE driver
r------------------------------i
IL.statement
number
_____________________________
JI
r-----------------------------------------.
,pointer to A
I
~----------------------------------------.
L________________________________________
J
'pointer
to B
The area between,

and including,
the
implied DO driver and the array driver is
an array reference, as it would appear
wherever C(I) was referred to in source
module statements.
INPUT STATEMENTS
The following paragraphs discuss the
Polish notation produced for all forms of
the READ statement except direct access.
FORMATTED READ
For the form READ (a,b) list, the formatted READ, the Polish notation generated
is:
The pointer to the FORMAT points either

to the label of the FORMAT statement or to
the array in which the FORMAT is stored.
The END= and ERR= drivers and the pointers
following them appear only if the END and
ERR
options a:!:'e used in the statement;
either one or both may appear, and in any
order with respect to each other~
If no
I/O list appears in the statement,
the
Polish for the I/O list is omitted, but the
IOL driver appears nonetheless.
The code word contains zero in its
high-order three bytes, and,
in its loworder byte,
a unique code specifying the
operation and unit for the input/output
statement.
This code word distinguishes
among the various READ statements and is
inserted in the code produced for them.
Input/output operations are perfo.t'med by
the RUNTIME routines.
IBCOM is a transfer
routine in RUNTIME through which all input/
ou~put except NAMELIST is
performed.
The
IBCOM entry for formatted READ indicates an
entry point to this routine.
(See Appendix
o for further discussion of IBCOMe) The
p)inter to IBCOM points to the routine on
the GLOBAL SPROG roll.
Appe.ndix C:
Polish Notation F'o:cmats
167
4 (lytes
NAMELIST READ
r------------------------------,
Ipointe~ to a (data set)
I
For
the form READ (a,x), the NAMELIST

the following changes are made to the
Polish notation given above:
RE~D,
1.
The FORMAT driver

NAMELIST driver.
is
replaced
by
.----- -------- --._- -------------_1

IFORMAT driver
1
t------------------------------i
Ipointtr to FO~MAT
I
t---- .- -- ------ -----------------_1
I
IEND= driver
2.
The pointer to the 'ORMAT is replaced

by a pointer to the NA~ELIST.
3.
The code word value is changed.
t------------------------------~
Ipointer to END label

I
~------------------------------i
IERR= driver
I
t------------------------------~

4.
5.
6.
The IBCOM entry is replaoed by the

value
zero,
since NAMELIST input/
output is not handled through IBCOM.
The pointer to IBCOM is replaced by a
pointer to the NAMELIST READ routine.
No I/O list may
appea~.
For the form READ (a) list,

the unforREAD, the following changes are made
to the Polish notation given above:
~atted
The FORMAT driver is removd.
2.
The
pointer to the FORMAT is removed.
3.
The IBCOM entry,

formatted READ,
is
replaced by the IBCOM entry, unformatted READ.
READ STANDARD UNIT

For the form READ b, list, the standard
unit READ statement, the follOWing changes
are made to the Polish notation given
above:
1.
No ENO= or ERR= drivers may appear,

nor may the corresponding pointers to
labels.
2.
OUTPUT STATEMENTS
The fcllowing paragraphs discuss the
Polish notation produced f~r all forms of
the ~RITE statement except direct access,
and for the PRINT and PUNCH statements.
PORMATTED WRITE
For the form WRITE
formatted
WRITE,
the
generated is:
168
~------------------------------+
t--------------~---------------1~POliSh
I
for
1,1/0 list
I(
~-------------------------------I,
t------------------------------~;
Icode word
I
t------------------------------~
\IBCOM entry, formatted WRITE' I
UNFORMATTED READ
1.
~------------------------------~
IIOL driver
t
(a,b)
list,
the
Polish notation
t------------------------------i
Ipointer to IBCOM
I
t------------------------------i
IREAD/WRITE flag, zero= WRITE, I
I
nonzero= READ
t------------------~-----------i
IREAD WRITE driver
t------------------------------i
Istatement number
I
L _____________________________ J
The pointer to the FORMAT pOints either

to the label of 'the FORMAT statement or to
the array in which the FORMAT is stored.
The END= and the ERR= drivers and the
pointers following them appear only if the
END and ERR options are used in the statement; either one or both may appear, and in
any order relative to each other.
If no
I/O list appears in the statement, the
Polish for the I/O list is omitted, but the
IOL driver appears nonetheless.
high-order three bytes,
and, in its loworder byte, a unique code specifying the
operation and unit for the input/output'
statement.
This code word distinguishes
among the various output statements and is
inserted in the code produced for them.
Input/output operations are performed by
the RUNTIME routines.
IBCOM is the initial
entry of a
transfer vector in IHCFCOMH
through which all input/output except NAMELIST is performed.
(IBCPCOMB 1e further
discussed in Appendix F.) The pointer to
IBCOM points
SPROG roll.
to the routine on the GLOBAL
NAMELIST WRITE
1.
No END= or ERR= drivers may appear,

labels.
2.
For the form WRITE (a, x), the NAMELIST

WRITE;
the following changes are made to
the Polish notation given above:
1.
The FORMAT driver

NAMELIST driver.
is
replaced
by
2.
The pointer to the FeRMAT is replaced

by a pointer to the NAMELIST.
3.
The ISCOM entry is replaced by the

value
zero,
since NAMELIST input/
output is not handled through IBCOM.
.
5.
The pointer to IBCOM is replaced by a

pointer to the NAMELIST WRITE routine.
6.
No I/O list may appear.
The following paragraphs discuss the

Polish notation produced for the direct
access input/output statements.
READ, DIRECT ACCESS

For the forms READ (a'b,b) list and READ
(a'r) lis~, th~ following Polish notation
is generated:
~
bytes
r------------------------------,I
Ipointer to a (data set)

UNFORMATTED WRITE
For the form WRITE (a) list, the unformatted WRITE, the following changes are
made to the Polish notation given above:
1.
The FORMAT driver is removed.
2.
The
3.
The IBCOM entry, furmatted WRITE, is

replaced by the IBCCM entry, unformat ted WRITE.
pointer to the FORMAT is removed.
.------------------------------~
Idirect 10 driver
I
.------
--- ---- - ---- ---- -- - ---- - - ~

t--------------~---------------1/pOliSh for
..
.------------------------------~
.------------------------------~
lexpression drLver
1
.------------------------------~
i?01nCer LO b
PRINT
The Polish notation generated for the
form PRINT b,
list is identical to that
given for the formatted WRITE statement,
with the following changes:
1.
No END= or ERR= drivers may appear,

labels.
2.
PUNCH
The Polish notat~on for the state~~nt
PUNCH b, list is as given for the formatted
WRITE with the following changes:
1\I r
.------------------------------~
IERR= driver
I
.------------------------------~
I
.------------------------------i
IIOL driver
I
.------------------------------1
r--------------~---------------1tpoliSh for
I
1;1/0 list
1\
.------------------------------~J
.------------------------------i'
Icode word
1
r------------------------------i
IIBCOM entry, READ
I
~------------------------------i
I po;_r,ter to IBCOM
1
~------------------------------i
flag, zero= WRITE, I

READ
I
~------------------------------~
IREAD WRITE driver
1
J~EAD/WRITE
I
nonzero=
.------------------------------i
Istatement number
I
l- _____________________________ J
Appendix C:
169
The END= and ERR= drivers and the pcinters following them appear only if the END
and ERR options are used in the source
statement; either one or both may appear,
and in any order with respect to each
other.
If b does not appear in the source
statement (the second form),
the corresponding pointer does not appear in the
Polish notation.
If the I/O list does not
appear in the source statement, the Polish
notatiou for the I/O list is omitted from
the Polish, but the 10L driver appears
nonetheless.
high-order three bytes, and, in its loworder byte, a unique code specifying the
operation and unit for the input/output
statement. This code word distinguishes
the direct access statements from other
input/output statements and is inserted in
the cod~ produced for them.
4 bytes
r---------------------------,
Ipointer to a1
1
~---------------------------~
lpointer to m1
I
.---------------------------~
Ipointer to 11
1
.. --------------------~
IE, L, or U
I
.------
file 1 data
.---------------------------~
lpointer to v1
.---------------------------~
lpointer to a2
I
.---------------------------~
I
I
I
l
I
,
.---------------------------~I
1pointer to v2
file 2 data
.---------------------------~
I
,
I
I
I
I
~------------------------ .. -- i
lpointer to an
,
.---------------------------~
WRITE, DIRECT ACCESS
"I
J
I
The Polish notation produced for the
forms WRITE (a'r,b) list and WRITE (air)
list is identical to that produced for the
corresponding forms of the READ, direct
access
statement
with
the
following
exceptions:
1.
The IBCOM entry, READ is replaced by

the appropriate IBCOM ent.ry, WRITE.
2.
The value of the code word is changed.
file n data
.-----------------------~~--~
Ipointer to vn
.---------------------------~
IDEFINE FILE driver
1
~---------------------------~
l ___________________________ J
Istatement number
where the fourth word of each set of file

data holds the BCD character E, L, or U in
the
high-order byte and zeros in the
remaining bytes.
FIND
The Polish notation produced for this
statement is identical to that for an
unformatted direct access READ statement
given above, with the exception that the
code word is changed to indicate the FIND
statement.
The Polish
FILE is:
notation
produced
for
END
.. bytes
...----_._-----------------------------------,
Ipointer to a (data set)
i
.-----------------------------------------~
IIBCOM entry for END FILE
I
DEFINE FILE
r-----------------------------------------i
Ipointer to IBCOM
1
The form of this statement is:
~----------------------------------------~
IBSREF driver
1
.-----------------------------------------~
L________________________________________
J1
Istatement
number
DEFINE FILE at (m!,t1,f1,v1),a2

(m2,12,f2,v2), ,an(mn,1n,fn,vn)
The Polish notation produced for it
110
is:
4 bytes
!!EWIND STATEMENT
The polish no~a~ion produced for the

REWIND statement is identical to that for
the END FILE statement with the exception
that the IBCOM entry for END FILE is
replaced by the IBCOM entry for REWIND.
BACKSPACE STATEMENT
The Polish notation produced for the

BACKSPACE
statement is identical to that
for the END FILE statement, except that the
TDr-tf'"\".
__
.&.._ ...
S! _ _
T:'t't..TT"\
'r."lTT~
... .u'--V!!
CO!!
'-Ly
.LVL
.l.:.tL'UJ
I:
L.uL
.! _ _ _ _ ,
L._=
.&-t...., .....
U'j
LIlt:::
..L~
_ _ _.,-l
t:::'p..LC1~t:::U.
rBCOM entry for BACKSPACE.
r------------------------------,,
Isubprogram driver
t------------------------------1,
Ipointer to function name
~------------------------------~
Inumber of arguments
I
~------------------------------~
,expression driver
,
~------------------------------~I
~----------------------------~-~
I
, Polish for
,
, argument 1
~------------------------------~
lexpression driver
I
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
I
, Polish for
,
, argument. 2
The Polish notation

statement function is:
generated
for
~------------------------------~
lexpression driver
\
~------------------------------~
4 bytes
r------------------------------,
I
,
I Polish for
I right side
I
I
I
I Polish for
, argument n
Ipointer to function name

I
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
\
I
~------------------------------~
,
I
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------~
lexpression driver
,
~------------------------------~
,pointer
to function name
L ______________________________
JI
~------------------------------~
Istatpment function driver

I
~------------------------------~
\statement number
I
l ______________________________ J
This Polish notation is part of the

Polish notation for the expression in which
the function reference occurs.
The Polish notation
FUNCTION statement is:
produced
for
the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,I
\pointer to ENTRY name
SUBROUTINE STATEMENT
~-----------------------------------------~
IFUNCTION driver
I
~-----------------------------------------~
Istatement
number
L_________________________________________
J1
The Polish notation

SUBROUTINE statement is:
generated for the
4 bytes
where the pOinter points to the ENTRY NAMES

roll.
The Polish notation generated

reference to a function is:
for
r-----------------------------------------,
Ipointer to ENTRY name
,
~-----------------------------------------~
lSUBROUTINE driver
,
.-----------------------------------------~
number
lIstatement
_________________________________________
J,
where the pointer points to the ENTRY NAMES

roll.
Appendix C:
171
CALL STATEMENT
The Polish notation for the CALL
ment is:
state-
4 bytes
r------------------------------,I
Isubprogram driver
.r------------------------------~
lpointer to subprogram name
I
r------------------------------~
Inumber of arguments
I
~------------------------------i
lexpression driver
I
r------------------------------~
DEBUG FACILITY STATEMENTS

Polish notation produced for the statements
of the debug facility.
I
I
I
I argument
~------------------------------i
Polish for
1
r------------------------------~
lexpression driver
I
~------------------------------i
I
I
I
I Polish for
I argument 2
I
~------------------------------~
r------------------------------i
lexpression driver
I
~------------- ----------------i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
,
I Polish for
I argument n
I
r------------------------------i
~------------------------------~
~------------------------------i
lexpression driver
I
r------------------------------~
Ipointer to subprogram name
I
~------------------------------i
Ipointer to xl
I
~-----------------------.-------~
Ipointer to x2
~------------------------------~
I
I
I
I label
, arguments
,
~------------------------------~
Ipointer to xn
,
r------------------------------~
'number of label arguments
,
~------------------------------~
Icomputed GO TO driver
I
r------------------------------~
'CALL driver
,
~------------------------------i
Istatement
number
l ______________________________
JI
Label arguments are not counted in the
"number of arguments" which appears as the
third word of the Polish notation, and no
172
representation of them appears in

the
Polish notation for the arguments. All
label arguments are grouped together at the
bottom of the Polish as indicated.
If no
label argUments exist, the section from the
"pointer to xl" to and including the "computed GO TO driver" does not appear.
AT
The Polish notation generated for the AT
statement is:
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
,
pointer to AT group
~-----------------------------------------i
AT driver
~-----------------------------------------i
,l _________________________________________
statement number
JI
The pointer points to the AT roll group
which contains the information relating to
the AT statement represented by the Polish
notation.
TRACE ON
The Polish notation
TRACE ON statement is:
generated
for
the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
TRACE ON driver
I
~-----------------------------------------i
,l _________________________________________
statement number
JI
TRACE OFF
The Polish notation
TRACE OFF statement is:
generated for the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
TRACE OFF driver
I
~-----------------------------------------i
statement number
l _________________________________________
J
DISPLAY
The Polish notation
DISPLAY statement is:
generated
for
the
4 bytes
r-----------------------------------------,
I
pointer to NAMELIST WRITE
I
~-----------------------------------------~
0
I
where the pointer ~o NAMELIST WRITE points

to this routine on th GLOBAL SPROG roll;
the value zero is placed on the roll for
conformity with other NAMELIST input/output
statements; the NAMEI.:' ST pointer pOints to
a group constructed for the DISPLAY statement on the NA~LIST NAMES roll.
~-----------------------------------------~
NAMELIST pointer
I
~----------------------------------------~
I
DISPLAY driver
I
~-----------------------------------------~
!L _________________________________________
statement number
JI
Appendix C:
173
Tnl.S appendix describes

the code produced by the FORTRAN IV (G) compiler for
various types of source roodul~ statements.
nf
The use
program can
example:
a no loon in a FOkTRAN
be de;~rib~dLby-the foll~ing
ERANCHES
DO 5 I
All branch instructions in the object

roodule consist of a load from the branch
table, followed by a BCR instruction, either conditional or unconditional, which uses
the branch table value as its target.
The production of this code depends on
the operation of Allocate, which replaces
all jump target labels on the L8L roll with
~ointers
to entries in the obj~ct module
branch table. Using this information, Gen
can write the load and branch instructions
even though the address of the target may
not yet be known.
ml,m2_m3
5 CONTINUE
When the DO statement is processed during phase 4, the following takes place:
1.
The code
When Gen ericounters a labeled statement

which is a jump target, it sets the appropriate entry in the branch table to the
address of the first instruction it produces for that statement.
L
ST
RO,ml
RO,l
is generated, where
constructed by Gen.
the
label A is
The address of the instruction labeled

is placed in the branch table.
2.
The following code is generated for the

Computed Go To statement:
BH
15,variable
15,2
1q,0
15,15
IIn+22(0,lQ)
1.lIn(0,0)
15,1
"n+22(0,111)
1,18(15,1")
BR
SlL
BALR
LTR
BNH
LA
CR
An entry is made on the DO LOOPS OPEN

roll which contains pointers to m2,
m3, the label A, I, and the label 5.
3.
On receiving the Polish notation for the

CONTINUE statement in the example, phase Q
produces the following code:
L
L
L
L
n address constants
BXLE
where variable is the computed Go To variable, n is the number of branchpoints, and

Qn is the length of the list of n address
constants.
RO,I
Rl, branch table
R2,m3
R3,m2
RO,R2,0(Rl)
where the load from the branch table sets

Rl to the address of the created label A.
When this code has been completed, phase Q
removes the bottom entry from the 00 LOOPS
OPEN roll.
Appendix 01 Object Code Produced by the Compiler
115
STATEMENT FUNCTION
X(O,
DC
ALIClength of Ident)
CLn(ldent)
14,12,12(1))
2.3,32(1':
15,2fHO,lS)
20(0, l~)
(ADDRESS MAIN ENTRY)
(ADDRESS PROLOGUE)
(ADDRESS EP ILOGUE)
DC
The following code is generated at the

beginning of each statement function:
STM
STM
LR
LR
LR
B
2,3,18(15)
6,12.26(15)
1,14
9,1
6,15
54(0,15)
B
DC
DC
DC
The save code for the ENTRYs to the

subprogram is followed hy a PROLOGUE, Which
transfers arguments to the subprogram, and
an EPILOGUE, which returns arguments to the
calling routine for the main entry to the
SUbprogram
and for each ENTRY to the
subprogram.
nine-word buffer
'rhe buffer is followed oy the code for

the statement function itself, including
the code to load the return value.
The
following
code
closes
the
statement
function:
LR
LM
LM
BR
STM
LM
L
1~)
14,1
2,3,18(6)
6,12,26(6)
14
The following code is produced

RETURN statement:
5R
L
ER
for
the
15,15
14,0(0,13)
14
which branches to the appropriate EPILOGUE.

The following code is produced for the
RETURN I statement:
L
SLL
SUBROUTINE AND FUnCTION
SUBPROGR~S
BR
The following code is generated to save
required infonnation at the main entry to
each SUBROUTINE and FUNCTICN subprogram:
B
DC
DC
STM
LM
LR
L
ST
5TM
BR
DC
DC
DC
X(0,15)
AL1(length of Ident)
CLn(Ident)
14,12,12(13)
2,3,40(15)
4,13
13,36(0,15)
13,8(0,4)
3,4,0(13)
which also
EPILOGUE.
15,1
15,2
14, OCO, 13)
14
branches
to
the
appropriatE
The PROLOGUE code generated for each

entry point to the subprogram moves arguments 35 required and branches to the
entry.
The following code is generated to
move each call by name argument:
L
ST
2,n(0,1)
2,global dmy
where n is the argument number (the arguments for each entry point are nUlllbered
from one) multiplied by four.
(ADDRESS SAVE AREA)

(ADDRESS PRCLOGUE)
(ADDRESS EPILOGUE)
The following code is generated to move

each call by value argument:
This code is followed by th~ following

code for saving required info~ation for
each of the ENTRYs to the subprogram (the
sequence of code appears once for each
ENTRY, in the order of the ENTRYs):
L
MVC
2,n(O,l)
global dmy(x),0(2)
where n is the argument number multiplied

by four, and x is the size of the dummy.
Code to calculate dummy dimensions follows the code to move arguments.
176
The following code is generated

close of all PROLOGUEs:
at
BALR
2.0
3,6(0,2)
BR
DC
(ADDRESS OF CODE ENTRY POINT)
the
The EPILOGUE code generated for each

entry point to a subprogram moves arguments
back to the calling routine and returns to
it, as dictated by the RETURN or RETURN I
statement.
Appendix DI Object Code Produced by tbe COlipiler
176.1
Form Y28-6638-1
Page Revised 11/15/68 by TNL Y28-6826
The
are:
first instructions in each EPILOGUE
FORMATTED READ AN') WRITE STATEMENrS

The
code
prodUCed for these statements
1~4(O;13)
L
L
1,24(0,1)
CNOP
L
The following code is generated

return each call by value argument:
to
BAL
DC
DC
DC
DC
where n is the argument number multiplied

by four and x is the size of the dummy.
where:
L,U\V,
MVC
O(x,2),global dmy
""")
'"
~,
PI
For FUNCTION subprograms, the
instruction is generated:
Lx
following
O,entry name
where x is the instruction mode.

If the
FUNCTION is complex, two load instr1lctions
are required.
The following code is generated for the
closing of each EPILOGUE:
LM
MVI
fiR
o if' neither EOF nor ERR

specified
1 if EOF onl '! is specified
2 if ERR only is specified
3 if
both
EOF
and
ERR
specified
is
are
UI
o if unit is an integer constant

1 if unit is a variable name
4 if unit is the standard system
unit
FI
X'OO'
if FORMAT' is a statement
label
X'Ol' if FORMAT is an array name
13,4(0,13)
14,12(0,13)
2,12,2 P {13)
12(13),255
14
L
L
0,4
15, =VCIBCOM#)
14,N(15)
XLO.4'PI',XLO.4'UI',AL3(UNIT)
AL1(FI),AL3(FORMAT)
"optional"
AL4(EOFADD'
AL4(ERRADDl
"optional"
0 for READ
4 for WRITE
UI = 4 is used for debug and for READ b,

list, PRINT b, list and PUNCH b, list.
SECOND LI ST I TEM,

code produced for the FORTRAN input/output
statements. The generated instructions set
up necessary parameters and branch into the
IRCOM# transfer table. This table has the
following format:
IBCOM#
+4
+8
+12
+16
+20
+24
+28
+32
+36
+40
+44
+48
+52
+56
+bO
+64
+68
Main entry, formatted READ

Main entry, formatted WRITE
Second list item, forn1atten
Second list array, formatted
Final entry, end of 1/0 list
Main entry, unforwatted ~EAD
Main entry, unformatted WRITE
Second list item, unformatted
Second list array, unformatted
Final entry, end of I/O list
Backspace tape
Rewind tape
Write tapemark
STOP
PAUSE
IBERR execution error monitor
IBFINT interruption processor
IBEXIT job termination
FORr1.~TTED
The code produced is:

L
BAL
DC
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,8(15)
XL1'L',LXO.4'T'.XLO.4'X'
XLO. 4 B' , xLl. 4' D'
where:
L
the size in bytes of the item
2 for a logical 1-byte item

3 for a logical fullword item
4 for a halfword integer item
5 for a full word integer item
6 for a double-precision real item
7 for a singl~-precision real item
complex
8 for a double-precision
item
9 for a single-precision complex
item
A for a literal item (not currently
compiler-generated)
Aopendix D: Object Code Produced by the Compiler
177
X, a, and D are,
respectively, the
index,
base,
and displacement .which
specify the item address.
SECOND LIST ITEM, UNFORMATTED

L
BAL
DC
SECOND LIST ARRAY, FORMATTED

L
6AL
DC
DC
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,28 (15)
XL1'L',XLO.4'0',XLO.4'X',
XLO.4'B',XL1.4'D'
where:
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,12(15)
LX1'SPAN',AL3(ADDRESS)
XL1'L',XLO.4'T',XL2.4'ELEMENTS'
L = the size in bytes of the item

X.
Band D are,
respectively,
the
index, base, and displacement which
specify ~he address of the item.
where:
SPAN (not used)
ADDRESS = the beginning location
array
L
size
the
element
in
bytes
of
of
the
the
array
T = the values given for items

ELEMENTS = the number of elements in
array
the
SECOND LIST ARRAY, UNFORMATTED

L
BAL
DC
DC
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14, 32 (L)
XL1'SPAN',AL3(ADDRESS)
XL1'L',AL3(ELEMENTS)
where SPAN, ADDRESS, L, and ELEMENTS have

the meanings described in second
list
array, formatted.
FINAL LIST ENTRY, FORMATTED
FINAL LIST ENTRY, UNFORMATTED
L
BAL
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,16(15)
.

L
BAL
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,36(15)
UNFORMATTED READ AND WRITE STATEMENTS

BACKSPACE, REWIND, AND WRITE TAPEMARK
The
code
produced for these statements
1,s:

CNOP
0, 4
15,=V(IBCOM#)
14,N(15)
XLO.4'PI',XLO.4'UI,AL3(UNIT)
AL4(EOFADD)
"optional"
AL~(ERRADD)
"optional"
SAL
DC
DC
DC
CNOP
L
BAL
DC
0,4
15,=V(IBCOMtt)
14,N(15)
XL1'FLAG', AL3(UNIT)
where:
where:
PI, UI, UNIT, EOFADD and ERRADD have the
same values as those given in the formatted READ/WRITE definition.
N = 20 for READ
= 24 for WRITE
178
FLAG = 0 if unit is an integer

= any other bit pattern if unit is
a variable.
N = 40 for BACKSPACE
= 44 for REWIND
= 48 for write tapemark
The following
generated:
STOP AND PAUSE STATEMENTS
The
code
15,=V(IBCOM#)
l4,N(15)
ALl (LENGTH)
C'TEXT'
BAL
DC
DC
of
bytes
in
is
also
iJ'..L3(ml.)
X'an',AL3(mn)
_.L .
\.. - l.n -
"'T~I_
,I'UJJ
"
\Ln'
X'SO',AL3(v n )
the
is an alphameric number or message

(TEXT
'00404040FO'
if the STOP or
PAUSE message is blank).
The third DC in the group
TEXT
DC
i~
changed to
X'01',AL3(vi)
if the associated variable is a halfword

variable.
In the last group,
it becomes
X'81',AL3(vn) in this case.
52 for STOP
56 for PAUSE
list
C' f 1. ' , AL3 (r 1.)

X'00',AL3(v1.)
DC
DC
DC
where:
LENGTH is the number
'TEXT' message
X'ai.'
DC
DC
DC
produced for these statements
is:
parameter
NAMELIST READ AND WRITE

The code produced is:.
FIND STATEMENT
0,4
l5,=V(FWRNLi>
14,0 (15)
XLO.4'PI',XLO.4'OI',AL3CUNIT)
AL4 (NAMELIST)
AL4CEOFADD)
AL4 ( ERRADD)
CNOP
L
BAL
DC
DC
DC
DC
The code pl"educed is:

CNOP
0,4
15, =VCIBCOM#)
14,20(15)
BAL
XLO.4'PI',XLO.4'OI',AL3(UNIT)
XL1' VI' , AL3 (r)
DC
DC
where:
PI, 01, and UNIT are as described for
formatted READ and WRITE
The "L
l5,~V(FWRNL*)n
shown is
the code produced for read
write;
l5,+V{FRDNLt).n
"L
for
is
PI
U1
DEFINE FILE STATEMENT

in
The following code is generated in the

object module prologue:
LA
L
BALR
where:
R1.,LIST
L,=V(DIOCS#)
R2 ,L
= 15
R2 = 14
uni~
is a
cons~an~
record
number
00 if
the
constant
01 if the record number is a
able name
is
vari-
Note that 20 is the IBCOM entry point

for an unformatted READ.
DIRECT ACCESS READ AND WRITE STATEMENTS

The code produced for
these
statements
is:
CNOP
0.4
15, =V (IBCOM i)
14, N(lS)
XLO.4'PI',XLO.4'UI'AL3(ONIT)
AL1(FI),AL3(FORMAT)
ALl (VI) ,AL3 (r)
AL4(ERRADD) "may only appear for
READ"
BAL
DC
DC
L
o if thp
1 if the unit is a variable name
VI
The form of the parameters specified

the statement is:
DC
DC
Appendix D: Object Code Produced by the compiler
179
Internal Parentheses
where:
PI = 8 if ERR is not specified
A if ERR is specified, which is
only possible for READ
UI
integer
o if the unit is
an
constant
1 if the unit is a variable name
FI
00 if the FORMAT is a statement

label
01 if the FORMAT is an array name
VI = 00 if r (the record number)

constant
01 if r is a variable name
is
a
Repetition of Individual FORMAT
specifications
The entry points which may appear (N)

are 0, 4, 20, or 24.
If 20 or 24 appears
(indicating an unformatt_ed operation), the
second DC does not appear.
FORMAT STATEMENTS
FORMAT statements are stored after
eral constants in the object module.
Parentheses used to enclose groups of

FORMAT specifications within the FORMAT
statement are represented by the codes 04
and lC for the left and right parenthesis,
respectively. The code for the left parenthesis is always followed by the l-byte
value of the repetition count which preceded the parenthesis in the source module
statement.
A value of one is inserted if
no repetition count appeared.
Whenever the source module FORMAT statement contains a field specification of the
form aIw, aFw.d, aEw.d, aOw.d, or aAw,
where the repetition count Wa W is present,
the hexadecimal code 06. is produced to
indicate the field repetition.
This code
is followed by the l-byte value of wa w
lit-
The FORMAT specifications are recoded

from their source module form so that each
unit of information in the FORMAT statement
occupies one byte of st.orage. Each integer
which
appears in the FORMAT statement
(i.e., a scale factor, field width, number
of fractional digits, repetition count) is
converted to a l-byte binary value. Decimal points used to separate field width from
the number of fractional digits in the
source module FORMAT statement are dropped;
all
other characters appearing in the
source module statement are represented by
l-byte hexadecimal codes.
The following
sections describe the encoding scheme which
is used.
I,F,E, and D FORMAT Codes

The I and F FORMAT codes are represented
by the hexadecimal values 10 and OA, respectively. The I code is followed by the
l-byte field width value; the F code is
followed by two bytes, the first containing
the field width (w) and the second containing the number of fractional digits (d).
E and D FORMAT codes are represented by
the hexadecimal values OC and OE, respectively. This value is always followed by
two bytes which represent the field width
and the number of
fractional
digits,
respectively.
A FORMAT Code
FORMAT Beginning and
End:.t~arentheses
The beginning and ending parentheses of

the FORMAT statement are represented by the
hexadecimal codes 02 and 22, respectively.
The A FORMAT code is represented by the

hexadecimal value 14. This representation
is always followed by the l-byte value of'
w, the number of characters of data.
Literal Data
Slashes
The slashes appearing in the FORMAT
statement are represented by the hexadecimal code lE.
180
The H FORMAT code and the quotation

marks used to enclose literal data are both
represented by the hexadecimal value lA.
This code is followed by the character
count (w in the case of the H specifica-
tion, the number of characters enclosed in

quotation marks in the case of the use of
quotation marks). The literal data follows
the character count.
The specification wX results in the

production of the hexadecimal code 18 for
the Xi this is followed by the 1-byte value
of w.
The T FORMAT code is represented by the

value 12. The print position, w, is represented by a 1-byte binary value.
DEBUG FACILITY
The followinq paraqraphs describe the
code produced for the FORTRAN Debug Facility statements. The generated instructions
set up parameters and branch into the
DEBUG# transfer table.
The object-time
routines which support the Debug Facility
are described in Appendix E.
DEBUG STATEMENT
When the source module includes a DEBUG
statement, debug calls are generated before
and after each sequence of calls to IBCOM
for source module input/output statements.
Additional debug calls are generated to
satisfy the options listed in the DEBUG
statement.
Beginning of Input/Output
The P scale factor in the source module

FORMAT statement is represented by the
hexadecimal value 08.
This code is followed by the value of the scale factor,
if
it was positive. If the scale factor was
negative, 128 1 1S added to it before it is
stored following the P representation.
F'OHMA1'
The following code appears before the

first call to IBCOM for an input or output
operation:
BAL
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,44(0,15)
End of
Input/Outp~~
CNOP
code
The G FORMAT Code is represented by the

hexadecimal value 20. This value is always
followed by two bytes which represent the
field width and the number of significant
diqits, respectively.
The following code appears after the

last call to IBCOM for an input or output
operation:
L
CNOP
BAL
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,48(0,15)
FORMAT Code
UNIT Option
The L FORMAT code is represented by the

hexadecimal value 16. This value is followed by the 1-byte field width.
Z FORMAT Code
When
the
DEBUG statement does not
include the UNIT option, the object-time
debug routine automatically writes debug
output on SYSOUT.
When UNIT is specified,
the following code is generated at the
beginning of the object module:
L
The Z FORMAT code is represented by the

hexadecimal value 24. This value is followed by the 1-byte field width.
CNOP
BAL
DC
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,12(0,15)
F'DSRN'
Appendix D: Object Code Produced by the compiler
181
where DSRN is the data set reference number

to be used for all subsequent debug output.
subprogram call.
Three calls may occur,
depending on the type of variable (scalar
or array) and the method of assignment.
TRACE Option
INIT SCALAR VARIABLE: The following code

is produced after each assignment of value
to a scalar variable covered by the INIT
option:
When the TRACE option is specified in

the source module DEBUG statement, the
TRACE call is inserted immediately before
the code for every labeled statement. The
code is:
CNOP
CNOP
BAL
DC
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,0(0,15)
F'LABEL'
where LABEL is the label of

statement.
L
BAL
DC
DC
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,16(0,15)
CL6' NAME' , CL2 '
XL1'L',XLO.4'T',XLO.4'X',XLO.4'B',
XLi. 4' 0'
where:
the
NAME is the name of the

was set.
following
L is the
bytes.
SUBTRACE Option
BAL
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,4(0,15)
At the time of the call, register 13

contains the address of the SAVE AHEA, the
fifth word of which contains the address of
the subprogram identification.
Bytes 6
through 11 of the subprogram identification
are the subprogram name.
immediately
The call is:
L
CNOP
BAL
15,=V(DEBUG#)
0,4
14,8(0,15)
~he
variable in
variable:
X, B, and D are,
respectively,
the
index, base, and displacement which loca te the item.
INIT ARRAY ITEM:
The following code is
produced after each assignment of value to
an array element:
DC
OC
15, =V (OEBUG#)
0,4
14,20(0,15)
CL6' NAME' , CL2'
XL1'L',XLO.4'T',XLO.4'X',XLO.4'B',
DC
XL1'TAG',AL3(ADDRESS)
The debug call is made

before the RETURN statement.
SUBTgAC~~~QRN:
the
which
2 for a logical i-byte item

= 3 for a logical fullword item
= 4 for a halfword inteqer item
= 5 for a full word integer item
6 for a double-precision real item
7 for a single-precision real item
8 for a
double-precision complex
item
= 9 for a single-precision complex
item
= A for a literal item (not currently
compiler generated)
SUBTRACE ENTRY: The debug call is made at

the beginn1ng-of the object module.
The
call is:
CNOP
of
T is the type code for
When the SUBTRACE option is listed in

the source DEBUG statement., two sequences
of code are produced: one at the entry to
the object module, and one prior to each
RETURN.
length
variable
CNOP
BAL
XLi. 4'0'
where:
ADORESS IS THE LOCATION OF THE FIRST
array element if TAG = 0, or ADDRESS is a
pointer to the location of the first
array element if TAG ~ 0.
When the INIT option is given in the
source module DEBUG statement, a debug call
is produced for every assignment to a
variable, or to a listed variable if a list
is provided. The call immediately follows
each
assignment,
including those which
occur as a result of a READ statement or a
182
NAME,
L, T, X, B, and D are as described
for a scalar variable.
!NIT FULL ARRAY:
The following code is
produced when a full array is set by means
of an input statement specifying the arr~y
name or when the array name appears as an

argument to a subprogram:
L
CNOP
BAL
DC
DC
DC
DC
15,=VCDEBUG#)
0,4
14,24CO,15)
CL6'NAME',CL2'
A(ADDRESS)
XL1'L',XLO.4'T',XL2.4'OOOOO'
ACELEMENTS)
where:
ADDRESS is the
array element.
location
of
the
first
ELEME~~S
is a pointer to a word containing the number of elements in the array.
immediately preceded by the operation of

the statements following the AT.
As a
result of the AT statement,
an unconditional branch to the location of the first
statement following +e AT is inserted
before the first instruction generated for
the statement labeled L.
This branch precedes any TRACE or SUBTP~CE calls which may
be written for statement L.
The branch, like all branches performed
in the Object module, consists of a load
from the branch table, followed by a
BCR
instruction.
The
branch
table entry
referreo to is one constructed for a
label
which the compiler provides for the stat.p
[Uent fullowing the AT.
NAME,
L, and T are as described for a
scalar variable.
TRACE ON STATEMENT
The debug call produced for the TRACE ON
statement appears at the location of the
TRACE ON statement itself; the call is:
A debug call is produced for
each
reference to an array element when the
SUBCHK option appears without a list of
array names; when the list is given, only
references to the listed arrays produce
~phug calls.
The debug call appears before
the reference to the array, and is:
L
CNOP
BAL
DC
DC
DC
15,=VCDEBUG#)
0,4
14,28(0,15)
CL6' NAME', eL2'
XL1'TAG',AL3CADDRESS)
AL4(ELEMENTS)
15,~VCDEBUG#)
CNOP
BAL
0,4
14,32CO,15)
TRACE OFF STATEMENT

The debug call produced for the TRACE
OFF statement appears at the location of
the TRACE OFF statement itself; the call
is:
L
CNOP
BAL
where:
15,=VCDEBUG#)
0,4
14,36 (0, 15)
NAME is the array name.

ADDRESS is the location of the first
array element if TAG = 0, or ADDRESS is
a pointer to the location of the first
array element if TAG * 0.
ELEMENTS is a pointer to a word containing the number of elements in the array.
DISPLAY STATEMENT
The code for the DISPLAY statement is:
L
CNOP
BAL
DC
DC
15,=VCDEBUG#)
0,4
14,40 (0, 15)
ACNAMELIST)
A (FWRNL#)
AT STATEMENT
The AT statement specifies the label, L,
of a statement whose operation should be
where NAMELIST is the address of the NAMELIST table generated from the DISPLAY list
by the compiler.
This code appears at the
location of the DISPLAY statement itself.
Appendix D: Object Code Produced by the Compiler
183
APPENDIX E:
The information provided in this appendix '~as its primary use in connection with
a listing of the compiler. The label lists
indicate the chart on which a specific
label can be found, or, for routines which
are not flowcharted,
they
provide
a
description of the routine.
MISCELLANEOUS REFERENCE DATA
Routine
Label !!am~ __
G0639 ASSIGNMENT
VAR CHECK
cIIl!!!~!!t.
Checks the mode of assignment variable and

the expression for conflict in ~ype specification.
PARSE LABEL LIST

G0640 LITERAL
TEST
Determines the statement

type ann trnnsf~rs to
the indicated statement
processing routine.
G0641 END STA

XLATE
Determines the nature of

the
statement
and
transfers to the appropriate translation routine
for
non-END;
translates END.
G0643 DO STA
XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for the
DO
statement.
Locates the
innermost DO statement
in a nest of DO's,
and
spts up extended ran~e
checking.
G0644 DO STA
CONTROL
XLATE
Interprets
the
loop
control
specification
in the DO statement and
constructs the Polish
notation
for
these
controls.
G0645 DIMENSION
STA XLATE
Determines the validity

of the specifications
in the DIMENSION statement
and
constructs
roll entries.
G0646 GOTO STA

XLATE
Determines the type of

GO TO statement,
and
constructs the Polish
notation for a GO TO
statement.
G0641 CGOTO STA
Constructs
the
Poli~h
notation for a Computed
GO TO statement.
The labels enumerated in the following

list are used in the flowcharts provided
for the illustration of the major routines
used in Parse.
Label
G0630
G0631
G0837
G0632
G0635
G0636
G0633
G0642
G0844
Chart
ID
Routine Name
04
BA
BB
BC
BD
BE
BF
BG
STATEMENT PROCESS
PRINT AND READ SOURCE
STA INIT
LBL FIELD XLATE
STA XLATE
STA FINAL
ACTIVE END STA XLATE
PROCESS POLISH
START-COMPILE~
SUPPLEMENTARY PARSE LABEL LIST

The routines described in this section
are listed by G number labels which are
presented in ascending order.
These routines are those used in the operation of
Parse which are not shown in the section of
flowcharts for the phase.
Routine
Label ~~_
(;0287 REASSIGN
MEMORY
comments
Obtains additional core
storage,
if possible,
for a specific roll by
pushing up the rolls
that precede the requesting roll in the
block of storage.
If
this is not possible,
it requests more core
storage and, if none is
available, enters PRESS
MEMORY.
G063? ASSIGNMENT
STA XLATE
Polish
Constructs
the
notation for an assignment statement.
G0648 ASSIGNED
GOTO STA
XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for an
Assigned GO TO statement.
G0638 ARITH FUN

DEF STA
XLATE
Polish
Constructs
the
notation for an arithmetic function definition statement.
G0649 ASSIGN STA

XLATE
Controls
the constructions
of the Polish
notation for an ASSIGN
statement.
Appendix E! Miscellaneous Reference Data
185
Routine
!i9.!!!~ __ _
GOb~O IF STA
XLATF.
Label
GOb51
LOGIC~L IF
STA XLATE
. G0652 IiV!PLICIT
STA XLATE
G06 5 3 REGIS'I'ER
:{P._NGF
Routine
Q~!!!~!:!!:.2
Constructs
the
notation
for
s ta temC'!1t.
Polish
an IF
Constructs
the
notation for a
IF statement.
Polish
logical
Checks
the
IMPLICIT
statement ani controls
the constrnction of the
roll entries for the
statement.
character entries for an IMPLICIT
statement.
Control~
Label
G0664
Comments
H CODE Interprets the specification for the H format
code.
~ame___
P~CK
G066S PACK FOtU"AT Controls the registering

QUOTE
of the contents of a
literal quote specified
in a FOrt~AT statement
G0666 REWIND STA
XLATF
Constructs
the
notation for a
statement.
G0667 BACKSPACE
STA XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation
for
a
BACKSPACF statement.
G0668 END FILE

STA XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation
for an Ei'-lD
FILE statement.
Completes
the
notation
for
output control
ments.
Polish
REWIND
GOb54 REGISTER.
It-'JPLICIT
CHAR
Places the characters in

the H~PLICIT statement
on the IMPLICIT roll.
G0655 SCA;'-J FOR

TYPE QT
AND SIZF
Determines the mo1e and

size of the variables
in specification staternents.
G0669 END FILE
G06S6
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for a continue
statement.
G0670 BLOCK DATA

STA XLA'I'E
Validates the use of the

BLOCK DATA statement.
G06?1 STOP ST~.

XLATE
Sets up the Polish notation

for
the
STO~
statement.
G06?2 STOP CODE

ENTRY
Sets up the Polish notation

for
the
STOP
statement.
G06?3 PAUSE STA

XLATE
Controls the
tion
of
statement.
G0674 PAUSE STOP

COMMON
Checks
the form of the
specified statement and
controls the construction
of
the Polish
notation
for
the
statement.
G067S PAUSE STOP

END
Registers the constructed

Polish notation on the
POLISH roll.
G06?6 INIT
LITERAL
FOR STOP
PAUSE
Controls the interpretation

of the message
specified in the PAuse
statement.
G067? NAMELIST
STA XLATE
Constructs
entries
CmJTIl'JU~
STA XLATE
G0657 CALL STA
XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for a
CALL
statement.
G0658 EXTERNAL
S'rp.. XLATE

EXTERNAL statement and
constructs
roll
entries.
G0659 FORMAT STA

XLATE
G0660 FORMAT STA

END

FOR~A'I
statement and
controls the construction
of
the Polish
notation for the statement.
Builds the FORMAT roll
from the
information
obtained from the processing of the statement.
G0661 FORMAT
LIST SCAN
Checks
the form of the
literal content of the
FOH~AT statement.
<::0662 FORMAT
BASIC SCAN
Interprets
the
FORMAT
list and constructs the
Polish notation for the
list.
G0663 ISCAN TEST
186
Checks the size of the

inteter
constant
or
variable specified.
END
N~ELIST
G0618 COMMON STA

XLATE
Polish
input/
state-
interpretathe
PAUSE
the
roll
for
the
statement.
constructs
the
roll
entries for the CDr1MON
specification.
Routine
Label Name
G0679 TEST 10
ARRAY OR
SCALAR
Comments
Validates the identification of the array or
scalar used in COMMON.
G0680 DOUBLE PRE

STA XLATE
Checks the use of the

DOUBLE PRECISION statement and controls the
interpretation of the
statement.
G068l TYPE STA

XLATE
Interprets and constructs

the roll entries for
the type specification
statement.
G0682 SCAN FOR

SIZE
Checks the size specification for the variables in type statements.
G0683 TYPE
Checks the identification
SEARCH TEST
of the variables in the
AND REG
type
specification
in statement for previous definition
and
defines if correct.
Routine
Label Name
G0692 TEST ORDER
Comments
Checks the order in which
the SUBROUTIN~ or FUNCTION statement appears
in the source module.
G0693 DMY SEQ

SCAN
Checks the designation of

the dummy variables for
call by name or call by
value.
G0694 GLOBAL DMY

SCAN AND
TEST

of the global dummy for
a possible conflict in
definition.
G0695 DEFINE
FILE STA
XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for the DEFINE
FILE statement.
G0696 DATA STA

XLATE
Polish
Constructs
t.he
roll
notation
and
entries for the DATA
statement.
G0697 DATA CaNST

XLATE
Interprets the
specified in
statement.
constants
the DATA
sets up
elements
the DATA
G0684 ENTRY STA

XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation
and
roll
entries for an ENTRY
statement.
G0698 INIT DATA

VAR GROUP
Determines and
the number of
specified in
statement.
G0685 FUNCTION
STA XLATE
G0686 TYPED
FUNCTION
STA XLATE
G0687 FUNCTION
ENTRY STA
XLATE
XLATE
These routines
control
the construction of the
Polish notation for a
FUNCTION subprogram by
invoking the routines
which
interpret
the
contents of the statement.
G0699 DATA CaNST

ANALYSIS
Validates the specification of the constants

used
in
the
DATA
statement.
G0700 DATA VAR

TEST AND
SIZE
Checks the definition
G0688 SUBROUTINE
STA XLATE
G0689 SUBROUTINE
ENTRY STA
XLATE
These
routines control
the construction of the
Polish notation for a
SUBROUTINE
subprogram
by invoking the routine
which
interprets the
contents of the statement.
G0690 SUBPROGRAM
END
Common
closing routine
for
ENTRY,
FUNCTION,
and SUBROUTINE statements.
G0691 SPROG NAME

SCAN AND
REG

of the SUBROUTINE or
FUNCTION subprogram for
conflicts
in definition.
of
the variables specified
in the DATA statement

for usage conflict, and
registers the variables
if
no
conflict
is
found.
G070l MOVE TO
Moves
information
for
TEMP
DATA statement to TEMP
POLISH ROLL
POLISH roll from WORK
roll.
G0702 READ STA
XLATE
Checks the type of READ

statement and controls
the interpretation of
the sta tement.
G0704 READ WRITE

STA XLATE
Interprets the elements

of the READ or WRITE
statement
and
constructs
the
Polish
notation
for
the
statement.
G0705 END QT
XLATE
Constructs
notation
quote.
the
Polish
for the END=
Appendix E: Miscellaneous Reference Data
187
Routine
Label Name
G0706 ERR QT
XLATE
comments
Constructs
G0707 REGISTER
IBCOM
Inserts a roll entry

a c;all '.0 IBCOM.
G0708 REGISTER
ERROR LINK
Sets the roll entry for

the 'Jent:l:ac..:. ...'il of error
1 inkage.
G0709 READ B STA

XLATE
G0710 PUNCH STA
XLATE
G0711 PRINT STA
XLATE
Initialize for tte construction of the ~olish

notatin~
Lor the indicated statement.
(;0712 1-'2 10
XLATE
Crln'Srut:i".s
the
~~ljsh
nGt~tion for
the ~R~=
quote
in
the
REAu
statempnt.
Routine
Label Name
G0723 STA XLATE
EXIT
for
the
Polish
foI. the indicated
input/output
s':atemf>nt and
int.erp:.. ~t ') FOF,~AT d~signa
tions ass~ciated with
the input/out.put statement.
n(.. t~tiOI\
G0713 IOL LIST

Xl..ATE
Interprets and constrDcts

t~~ Polish ~~1~tion for
the
11~t
associated
with
tte
indicated
input/output statement.
G0714 FIND STA

XLATE
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for the FIND
statement.
G0715 RETURN STA

XLATE
constructs
the
Polish
notation tor the RETURN
statemeHt.
G0716 EQUIVALENCE Constructs the roll enSTA XLATE

tries for the EQUIVALEt-ICE statement
G0717 DIMENSION
SEQ
XLATE
Constructs tte roll entries for the Jiruensions designated !~r an

array.
G0718 TEMP MAKER
Increments
temporar.y
uSii
fol.
sions.
G0719 SPECIFICATION
STA EXIT
G0120 JUMP END
G0721 ACTIVE END
G0722 BEAD STA
EXIT
Set flags and return.
pointer for
locations
dwruny dimen-
G0724 ILLEGAL
These
routines set up
STA FAIL
diagnostic messages for
G0725 ORDER FAIL
the type of e'rror indiG0726 ALLOCATION
cated by the routine
name.
FAIL
G0727 ILLEGAL
NUMBER
FAIL
G0728 SUBSCRIPT
FAIL
G0129 10 CONFLICT
FAIL
G0730 TYPE
CONFLICT
FAIL
G0731 VAR SCAN
CheCKS
'definition
of
variables, in the source
module;
defines
as
scalar if 'undefined.
G0732 ARRAY SCAN
Constructs
the
Polish
notation
and
roll
entries for array references.
G0733 SUBSCRIPT
ANALYSIS

an array reference for
purposes of subscript
optimization.
G0734 SCRIPT ITEM Determines

whether
a
ANALYSIS
subscript expression is
a linear function of a
DO variable, and sets
ANSWER BOX.
G0135 NOTE LINEAR Registers a linear subSCRIPT
script
expression on
SCRIPT roll.
G0736 RESTORE
NONLINEAR
SCRIPT
Builds the Polish notation for a nonlinear

subscript expression on'
Polish roll.
G013? MOVE ON
EXIT FALSE
Moves one group from WORK

roll to POLISH roll,
sets ANSWER
BOX
to
false, and returns.
G0738 SCRIPT
Determines
whether
a
scalar used in a subscript is a DO variable
and sets ANSWER BOX.
SCAlAR
ANALYSIS
188
Comments
Replaces the Polish notation for a statement
with error linkage if
indicated.
Routine
Label Name
G0739 SCRIPT
CONST
ANALYSIS
Comments
Separates constant used
in a subscript expression as either induction variable coefficient
or
additive
constant.
G0740 DEFINE
SCRIPT
GROUP
new group conCreates

taining zeros on the
SCRIPT roll.
G0741 REGISTER
SCRIPT
GROUP
Defines a subscript expression on the SCRIPT

t:.Ile
roll oy set.ting
traits,
displacement,
and array reference.
G0744 TERM SCAN
Initializes the construction of Polish notation

for a new term in an
expression.
G0745 ELEMENT OP
SEQ SCAN
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for a term in
an
arithmetic
expression.
Routine
Comments
Label Name
The current and previous
G0752 OP CHECK
operations are set up
AND DEPOSIT
according to a precedence,
and a
Polish
notation
is
constructed.
G0753 GEN AND REG Determines the nature of
an exponentiation, and
EXPON SPROG
records
the required
subprogram
on
the
GLOBAL SPROG roll.
G0754 REG COMPLEX Determines the nature of
SPROG
an operation involving
complex variables and
registers the appropriate routine
on
the
GLOBAL SPROG roll.
G0755 A MODE PICK Checks and sets mode of
AND CHECK
operator by inspecting
the first of a pair of
operands.
G0756 MODE PICK
Actually
places
field in driver.
mode
G0146 UNAPPENDED
SPROG ARG
Exits
from
expression
scanning on finding an
array
or
subprogram
name not followed by a
left parenthesis; ensures
reference
is
correct.
G0757 B MODE PICK With second operand and

AND CHECK
driver set by A MODE
PICK AND CHECK, resets
driver mode; if complex
raised to
a
power,
ensures
power
is
integer.
G0141 FUNCTION
ELEMENT
Determines
whether
a
function call
in an
expression
is to
a
statement function,
a
I ibrary function, or a
global
subprogram;
calls
SPROG ARG SEQ
SCAN to scan arguments.
G0758 MODE CHECK
G0748 CONST
ELEMENI'
Scanning expression,
if
compiler
finds
nonletter, non-left parenthesis,
it goes here;
determines if really a
constant.
Determines whether modes

of operands are valid
in relational and logical opprations"
G0759 NUMERIC EXP Determines that an operaCHECK

tion or an expression
is numeric, as opposed
to
logical,
for
compatibility.
G0760 NUMERIC EXP Uses NUMERIC EXP CHECK,
CHECK AND
then prunes bottom of
PRUNE
POLISH roll.
G0749 SCALAR
ELEMENT
Ensures that
registered.
is
G0761 SPROG ARG

SEQ SCAN
Constructs
the
Polish
notation for the argument
list designated
for a subprogram.
GO 750 ELEMENT
MOVE
Moves pointer to POLISH

roll for any element in
expression.
G0762 ARG TEST

AND PRUNE
G0751 OP SCAN
CHECK
DEPOSIT
Determines the operation

indicated in an expression,
sets
up
the
appropriate driver, and
falls
through to OP
CHECK AND DEPOSIT.
Tests the number and type

of arguments to library
routine;
moves
label
arguments to CALL LBL
roll.
G0763 TEST FOR

ALTERABLE
Determines
whether
a
scalar has been passed
as
a
subprogram
argument.
scalar
189
Routine
Label Name
G0164 IOSCAN
NO USE
Conunents
s;tS---a- flag tested in
MOOE SET so that loworder bits of roll are
not altered when variable is defined; statement
does
not
use
variable.
G0165 10 CLASSIFY Goes to 10 CLASSIFY after

NO USE
setting flag to indicate variable has not
been
used
and mode
should not he set.
G0166 10 SCAN
Compiles name from source

in central area
and
goes to In CLASSIFY.
G0161 10 CLASSIFY Determines the classification of a name

scalar, array, subprogram, etc., and leaves
pointer in WO; exits
false
if
name
not
defined.
G0168 REGISTER
SCALAR
Records
new
SCAlAR roll.
name
G0169 REGISTER
GLOBAL
SPRaG
REGISTER
RUNTIME GS
Determines
i.f name is
already a defined subprogram;
if not records
it
on GLOBAL
SPRaG roll.
G0110 REGISTER
GLOBAL
SPRaG ROLL
Records name
SPROG roll.
G0111 MODE SET
Determines the mode of

the indicated variable,
logical, integer, complex, etc., and inserts
code in pointer in WOe
on
on
Comments
Records new integer constant if not previosuly
defined.
G0771 CONST
ANALYSIS
Determines the type of a

constant and jumps to
proper conversion routine.
G0778 CPLX CONST

ANALYSIS
Converts
constant.
complex
G0719 CHECK CONST Checks for unary minus

SIGN
sign on constant.
G0780 SCAN CONST
SIGN
Scans first character of

a constant for a sign;
sets up driver if unary
minus.
G0782 HEXADECIMAL Converts a

CONST SCAN
constant.
hexadecimal
G0783 REGISTER
HEX CONST
Records new constant on

HEX CONST roll if not
previously defined.
G0784 LBL ARG

SCAN
Checks
validity of a
label argument to
a
subprogram and records
label as jump target.
G0785 SCAN
HOLLERITH
ARGUMENT
Scans an IBM card code

argument
to
a subprogram, and records as
literal constant.
G0786 LITERAL
CONST SCAN
Distinguishes
literal
constants from logical;
converts and records.
G0787 LITERAL
CONST SCAN
PAUSE
Packs a literal constant.
G0788 REGISTER
LITERAL
CONST
Records literal constant

on LITERAL CONST roll
if not previously defined.
G0789 INIT PACK

LITERAL
Initializes
sion
of
constant.
G0790 PACK
LITERAL
COMPLETE
Moves
literal constant
onto TEMP LITERAL roll
if packed.
G0791 PACK
LITERAL
CONST
Converts a literal constant

from
source
input.
G0792 LOOK FOR

ONE QUOTE
Checks for a quotation

mark not followed by a
second quotation mark;
sets ANSWER BOX.
GLOBAL
G0112 CaNST SCAN
Controls the translation

and
recording
of
constants.
G0113 REGISTER
COMPLEX
CaNST
Records
complex
and
double-precision
complex constants not previously
defined
on
appropriate roll.
G0114 REGISTER
FL CaNST
Records
singleand
double-precision
real
constants on appropriate roll when not previously defined.
G0715 REGISTER
WORK CONST
Records constant in WO as
new integer constant if
not defined.
190
Routine
Label N~
G0776 REGISTER
FX CONST
for
a
converliteral
Routine
Label Name
G0793 PACK TWO
FROM WORK
G0794 I;ACK
r-.l.1'~
Vl'lJ:.
FROM WORK
Comments
Packs low-order byte from
last one or two groups
on
WORK
roll
onto
LITERAL TEMP roll.
G079S PACK CRRNT

CHAR
Packs current character

onto LITERAL TEMP roll.
G0796 PACK CHAR
General routine to actu.ally place a byte in a

word which,
when complete, is placed on the
LITERAL TEMP roll.
G0797 SYMBOL SCAN Assembles identifier from

input in SYMBOL 1,
2,
and 3, and returr.s.
Routine
Label Nam~_
G0806 NEXT
CLOSING
SLASH
Comments
Scans source input until
second of the next pair
of slashes not enclosed
in parentheses.
G0807 NEXT ZERO

COMMA SLASH
next comma or slash not
OR CRP
enclosed in parentheses
or a
closing
right
parenthesis.
G0808 NEXT ZERO
R PAREN

next zero level right
parenthesis.
G0809 COMMA TEST
Advances scan arrm<l and

returns ANSWER BOX true
if next active character is a comma; if it
is a letter,
sets up
missing comma message,
does not advance, and
returns true; if it is
neither, returns false.
G0798 LOGICAL
CaNST SCAN
Scans logical constants

from source input and
records as integers.
<;0799 JU1>1P LBL

SCAN AND
MOVE
Scans label,
defines it
as
jump target
and
pointer on POLISH roll.
Locates transfers from
innermost DO loops that
are possible extended
range candidates. Also
checks
for
possible
re-entry
points into
innermost DO loops, and
tags such points.
G0810 INTEGER
TERM
SCAN AND
MOVE
Scans integer constant or

variable,
defines
on
appropriate roll,
puts
pointer on POLISH roll.
G0811 INTEGER
CONST SCAN
AND MOVE
Scans integer constant;

defines
on FX CONST
roll if required; puts
pOinter on POLISH roll.
G0800 FORMAT LBL

SCAN
Scans a label, registers

it if necessary, and
ensures that it is a
FORMAT label if already
defined.
G0812 INTEGER VAR Scans integer variable;

SCAN AND
defines on roll if reMOVE
quired; puts pointer on
POLl SH roll.
GOSOl FORMAT LBL
Tests that pointer In
Tr::ST
WO
indicates format label

(vs.
jump
target
label); if not,
there
is an error.
G0813 INTEGER
TEST
Determines
whether
a
pointed to variable or
constant is an integer.
G0802 LBL SCAN
Scans referenced label,

defines on LBL roll if
req~ired,
produces error messages,
leaves
pointer in WO.
G0814 SIGNED
INTEGER
SCAN
Scans and converts signed

integer constant; defines on FX CONST roll
if required.
G0803 REGISTER
LBL
Records label on LBL roll

if
not
previously
defined; leaves pointer
in WO.
G081S INTEGER
SCAN
Scans
and converts an
unsigned integer constant and register on
FX
CONST
roll
if
required.
G0816 DP CONST
t<1AKER
Builds a double-precision
constant
from source
input.
G0817 DP ADJUST
CONST
Used in converting floating

point
numbers;
adjusts
for E or D
field.
G0804 NEXT ZERO

Scans source
input to
LEVEL COMMA.
next
comma
not in
NEXT ZERO
parentheses or to close
COMMA
off a pair of parenOR R PAR EN
theses.
G080S NEXT ZERO
COMMA
OR CS

next comma
or slash
not in parentheses.
191
Routine
Label Name
G0818 CONVERT TO
FLO~T
Comments
Converts integer constant
to floating point.
G0820 CLEAR TWO

AND EXIT
TRUE
G0821 CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
TRUE
Remove the specified number of groups from the

WORK roll, set ANSWER
BOX to true, and return.
G0823 EXIT TRUE

EXIT TRUE
ML
Sets ANSWER BOX

and returns.
G0824 CLEAR ONE

AND EXIT
FALSE
Removes one group from

WORK roll, sets ANSWER
BOX
to
tI ue,
and
returns.
Sets ANSWER BOX to false
and I-eturns.
G0826 CLEAR TWO

AND EXIT
G082? CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
Remove specified number

of groups from
WORK
roll and return.
G0829 EXIT
Returns.
EXIT ML
EXIT ON ROLL
Determines whether error

messages
are
to be
printed; if so, prints
dollar sign markers.
G0840 PRINT
MESSAGES
Prints
line
messages.
of
G0841 TEST AND

ZERO PRIl~T
BUFFER
Clears output
printer.
area
G0842 INIT READ

A CARD
Scans source input for

assignment
statement
(flag 1) or Logical IF
with
assignment
for
consequence (flag 2).
G084) READ A
CARD
Puts
card onto SOURCE
roll and re-enters IN1T
READ A CAkD at proppr
point.
G0845 SKIP TO
NEXT CHAR
MASK
Scans
error
for
input
to
next
character not of
a class 6f characters
specified as input to
routine.
sourc~
G0846 REENTRY
Entry point used to conSKIP TO NEXT tinue masking operation
CHAR MASK
on a new card.
G0832 SYNTAX FAIL Records syntax error mesML

sage and goes to FAIL.
ILLEGAL
SYNTAX FAIL
SYNTAX FAIL
If JPE flag off, restores
WORK
and
EXIT roll
addresses
from
last
status control, housekeeps Polish notation
through STA XLATE EXIT,
and returns with ANSWER
BOX set to false; if
the flag is on,
values
are restored for JPE
and exit is to
the
location following last
JPE POP instruction.
G084? NEXT CHAR

Advance scan
NEXT
next active
CHAKACTER
G0848 NEXT CHAR
ML
NEXT CHARACTER
G0834 STATUS
CONTROL
Saves
and
G0835 DIGIT CONV

SCAN
Converts
integer
from
decimal to binary, and
leaves in DATA area.
G0836 CONV ONE

DIGIT
Converts decimal digit to

binary, and leaves in
DATA area.
G0838 PRINT A
CARD
Controls
printing
source
listing
error messages.
G0849 BCD TO
EBCDIC
Converts CRRNT 2HAR

BCD to EBCDIC.
G0850 DIGIT CONV

INITIAL
Initializes for the conversion

of a number
from decimal to binary
(resets digit counts,
clears DATA area, etc.)
G0851
Converts value in format

of TOP or BOTTOM, a
virtual address,
to a
true address.
~.APTl
TO
addresses of WORK
EXIT roll bottoms.
of
and
arrow to
character.
r-~L
TMPl
192
Co!!!!!!~
to true
G0825 EXIT FALSE
G0833 FAIL
Routine
Label Name
G0839 TESTFOR
ERROR
MESSAGE
from
G1034 BUILD LOOP

DATA GROUP
Constructs group
DATA roll.
on LOOP
G1035 DATA TERM

ANALYSIS
Checks for and sets flag

if it finds unary minus
in DATA statement.
G103? CONST
REGISTER
EXIT
Common exit routine for

constant recording routines;
leaves pointer
to constant in WOo
Routine
Label Name
G1038 T AND F
COt~ST
SCAN
Conunents
Scans for logical
stants T and F in
statements.
conDATA
G1039 EXIT ANSWER General routine used by

all EXITs which
set
ANSWER
BOX to store
value in ANSWER BOX and
return.
G1040 DEBUG STA
XLATE
Translates
mente
G1041 AT STA
Constructs AT roll entry

from AT statement.
X LATE
G1042 TRACE STA

XLATE
DEBUG
Constructs Polish notation for TRACE statement.
G1044 IEYSKP
SKIP TO
NEXT
PROGRAM
Calls IEYFORT to skip to

end of present source
module when roll storage is exhausted.
G1070 PRESS
MEMORY
Called by REASSIGN MEMORY

to obtain
additional
core storage from roll
space that is no longer
in use.
If it obtains
32 or more bytes, exit
is back to
REASSIGN
MEMORY.
Otherwise,
exit is to IEYNOCR in
IEYFORT
to print NO
~ORE AVAILABI,E meggage.

used by Allocate.
Chart
10
-os-CA
CA
G0362
CB
G0361
G0365
CC
CD
G0371
G0372
CE
CF
G0374
CG
Chart
-!~CH
CI
G0381
CK
G0437
CL
CM
Routine Name
ENTRY NAME ALLOCATION
,".LLOCATION
11.ND
COMMON
OUTPUT
ALLOCATION
PRINT
EQUIV
ERRORS
BASE
AND
BRANCH TABLE
ALLOC
SCALAR ALLOCATE
\;JV"tV.L
\,,1'1
nn~.1.
G0402
CO
G0442
G0443
G0444
G0445
G0441
G0403
G0405
G0438
G0545
CP
CQ
CR
CS
CT
CU
CV
CW
CX
GLOBAL
SPROG
PASS
1
ALLOCATE
SPROG AFG ALLOCATION
G0397
,...",.1'\1
..
" ,
state-
G1043 DISPLAY STA Constructs Polish notaXLATE

tion and roll entries
for DISPLAY statement.
Label
G0359
G0451
Label
G0376
GO)??
Routine Name
START ALLOCATION
ALPHA LBL AND L SPROGS
ALPHA
SCALAR ARRAY AND
SPROG
PREP
EQUIV
AND
PRINT
ERRORS
BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION
PREP DMY DIM AND PRINT
ERRORS
PROCESS DO LOOPS
PROCESS LBL
AND
LOCAL
SPROGS
BUILD PROGRAM ESD
~nn'"
"
J\ T T rv-" 1\
""v
l""'\..LI.LIV'-n.J..L:J
PREP NAMELIST

FORMAT ALLOCATION
EQUIV MAP
GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE
BUILD NAMELIST TABLE
BUILD ADDITIONAL BASES
DEBUG ALLOCATE
SUPPLEMENTARY ALLOCATE LABEL LIST

presented in ascending order. These routines are thoge used in the operation of
Allocate which are not shown in the section
of flowcharts for the phase.
Routine
Label Name
G0363 PREPROCESS
EQUIV
Comments
Checks the data contained
on the EQUIVALENCE roll
and
computes
the
required addresses.
G0364 REGISTER
ERRORS
SYMBOL
Checks the ERROR SYMBOL

roll for the presence
of
the
error
just
detected.
All duplicate entries are pruned
from the roll and all
new entries placed on
the roll.
G0366 CHECK DMY

DIMENSION
The dummy dimension is

checked for definition
as a global dummy variable, or in COMMON.
G0367 GLOBAL DMY

TEST
Sets
G0368 DMY DIM

TEST AND
REG
The DMY DIMENSION roll is

rebuilt with the information
obtained from
the COMMON DATA TEMP,
TEMP,
and GLOBAL DMY
rolls.
pointer to the
array
on
the
ENTRY roll; a pointer
to the ARRAY roll 1S
also set for each dummy
array.
a
dummy
193
Routine
Label Name
G0369 DMY DIM
TEST
G0370 DMY
CLASSIFY
Comments
data is
The dimension
checked for having been
previously defined on
the NAMELIST ITEMS and
COMMON DATA rolls.
Classifies a dummy, defining it as scalar if
undefined;
if it is an
array sets call by name
tag.
G0373 REGISTER
BRANCH
TABLE
Places
work containing
zero
on
the BRANCH
TABLE roll.
G0375 PUNCH
REMAINING
ESD BUFFER
PUNCH
REMAINING
CARD
Punches a card.
G0378 SEARCH
ROLL BY
MAGNITUDE
The'
GENERAL ALLOCATION
roll
is searched to
check if the largest
equivalenced area has
been allocated.
G0379 PRINT
COMMON
ERRORS
Sets up for, and prints,

COMMON allocation errors.
G0380 PRINT
COMMON
HEADING
COMMON storage map heading is printed.
G0382 EQUIV
ALLOCATION
Builds
the
EQUIV
ALLOCATION roll
from
the
boundary
calculated;
records
the
absolute
address assignerl to the
variables.
G0383 FLP AND

PROCESS
EQUIV
Inverts the contents of

the EQUIVALENCE roll.
G0384 PROCESS
EQUIV
Constructs
complete
EQUIVALENCE sets on the
the GENERAL ALLOCATION
roll using information
on
the
EQUIVALENCE
roll.
G0385 INTEGRATE
194
Assigns locations relative to the first variable

listed for all
variables in an EQUIVALENCE set if not already allocated.
Routine
Label Name
G0386 TEST FOR
BOUNDARY
Comments
Sets
and
checks
the
smallest
equivalen~ed
area and highest b0undary required for allocation of the variables
indicated; resets program break according to
requirement.
G0387 CSECT EQUIV Controls the' allocation

of
EQUIVALENCE
seL;
ALLOCATION
equal to or
grPdter
than 3K bytes into d
new control section.
G0388 PRINT CSECT Sets up and formats the
printing of the storage
EQUIV MAP
map
for
EQUIVALENCE
sets equal to or greater than 3K bytes.
G0389 BUILD
COMMON
ALL ROLL
Calculates the base anrl

displacement for EUUIVALENCE sets equal to or
greater than 3K bytes
and
registers
these
sets
on
the COMMON
ALLOCATION roll.
G0391 SEARCH FOR

LARGE
ARRAYS
Determines the size of

arrays not defined as
EQUIVALENCE or COMMON.
Obtains the arrays that
are equal to or greater
than 3K bytes.
G0392 BUILD A
NEW CSECT
Sets the program name dnd

obtains a new control
section for the allocation of
arrays
ann
EQUIVALENCE sets.
G0393 PRINT A
ARRAY
CSECT MAP
Sets the information for

the printing of the ~-n
for arrays equal to or
greater than 3K bytes.
G0394 CONV TEMP3

TO HEX
Converts the contents of

the temporary register
to hexadecimal.
G0395 GLOBAL DMY

ALLOCATE
Assigns storage for global

dummy
variables;
expands the contents of
the BASE TABLE roll, as
required.
G0396 TEST FOR

CALL BY
NAME
Determines
whether
indicated variable
called
by
name
called by value.
the
was
or
Routine
Labe!
Na~
G0398 ALLOCATE
SCALAR
BOUNDARY
G0399 ALLOCATE
SCALAR
G0400 CED SEARCH
G0404 ALLOCATE
SPROG
CO!!!IDents
Sets
up allocation of
scalars
according to
the
size
of
the
variable.
Formats the allocation of
scalars not defined as
global dununies in COMMON or in EQUIVALENCE
sets.
Initializes for
the
printing of the
scalar map and calculates
tne
base and
displacement.
Determines if the variable is defined as a
global dummy, in COMMON
or in an EQUIVALENCE
set.
If it is, it sets
the ANSWER BOX = true.
Sets the type of the ESD
cards that are to be
punched and initializes
for the allocation of
subprogram addresses.
(;0406 ADJUST AND Sets the format for the

OUTPUT NAME
punching
of
the
NAMELIST
name,
and
adjusts for storage.
G0407 PUNCH NAME
LIST AND
FIELD
Sets the format for the

punching of the address
allocated
for
each
NAMELIST according to
storage required.
Gouoe OUTPUT MODE Sets the format for the

WOlill
punching of the mode of
the NAMELIST variable.
(;0409 ADVANCE
PROG BREAK
AND PUNCH
Increases the item PROGRAM BREAK according to

the storage allocation
required
for
the
variables indicated.
G0410 PUNCH
LITERAL
Obtains the
number of
bytes and the address
of the roll indicated
for punching of literal
constants.
G0411 MOVE TO
PUNCH BUFF
Moves the indicated data

to
the
appropriate
punch buffer.
G0412 PUNCH TXT

CARD
Punches
the
indicated
TXT card after setting
up
the
address and
buffer information.
Routine
Label Name
GOiiI3 PUNCH
REMAINING
TXT CARD
G0414 PUNCH ESD

G0415 PUNCH LD
ESD
Conunents
the
Punches
remaining
card indicated, after
the area from
which
data was being taken
has been punched.
Punches the indicated ESD
cards for the program
area indicated.
G0416 PRINT ERROR Prints the contents of

LBL ROLL
this roll which contains the errors noted
during operation.
G0417 CONVERT LBL Converts the label of an
erroneous statement to
BCD for printing.
G0418 PRINT ERROR Prints the contents of
SYMBOL
the ERROR SYMBOL roll.
G0420 PRINT
SCALAR OR
ARRAY MAP
Prints the indicated map.
G0421 PRINT "INIT

MAP
G0422 TEST AND
PRINT MAP
Checks the existence of

processing of a storage
map.
Initiates
the
printing of the
indicated map if one is not
already being printed.
G0423 PRINT MAP

HEADING
Prints the heading of the

indicated storage map
for
the
variables
designated.
G0424 PRINT
FORMAT MAP
Prints
map
statements.
G0425 PRINT
HEADING
MESSAGE
Prints the
dicated
messages.
G0426 PRINT MAP

PRINT MAP
Prints the variables associated with the storage map heading from
the rolls indicated.
ML
of
FORMAT
heading infor
error
G0431 PRINT
Print the remal.nl.ng inREMAINING
formation in the print
BUFFER
buffer after the data
G0432 PRINT ERROR
has been obtained from
REMAINING
the indicated storage
BUFFER
area.
G0433 ALLOCATE
FULL WORD
MEMORY
Initializes
for
allocation of a
word of storage.
G0434 ALLOCATE
MEMORY
G0435 ALLOCATE
BY TYPE
Allocate storage according to the type of the

variable
indicated;
fullword,
halfword, or
byte.
the
full
195
Routine
Label ~~me __
G0436 CALCULATE
SIZE AND
BOUNDARY
G0419 CALCULATE
BASE AND
DISP
CO~~!!ts
Determines the size and

the boundary required
for the variable indicated.
Determines the base table
entry and displacement
for
variable
being
allocated, constructing
a new base table entry
if necessary.
G0440 REGISTER
BASE
Constructs
a new
TABLE roll group.
G0446 BUILD
FORMATS
The base and displacement

for FORMAT statements
are calculated and the
PROGRAM BREAK increased
as required.
G0447 INCREMENT
PNTR
Routine
Label Na~
G0460 CLEAR TWO
AND EXIT
FALSE
Comments
Prunes two groups from
WORK
and
the
roll,
a false
exits
with
answer in ANSWER BOX.
G0461 CLEAR ONE

AND EXIT
FALSE
Prunes one group from the

WORK roll, and exits
with a false answer in
ANSWER BOX.
G0462 EXIT FALSE
Sets ANSWER BOX to fdlse,

and exits.
G0464 CLEAR FOUR

AND EXIT
Prunes four
WORK
the
exits.
groups from
and
roll,
G0465 CLEAR THREE Prunes three

AND EXIT
the WORK
exits.
groups from
and
roll,
BASE
Increases
the
address
field of the pointer to
the indicated roll so
that the pointer points
to the next group on
the roll.
G0448 ID CLASSIFY Variables are checked for

a previous classification as a global dummy,
array,
a scalar, an
global
sprog,
used
library function, or a
local sprog.
G0466 CLEAR TWO

AND EXIT

WORK
the
and
roll,
exits.
G0467 CLEAR ONE

AND EXIT

WORK roll, and exits.
G0468 EXIT
Obtains return
address
from the EXIT roll, and
transfers
to
that
address.
UNIFY LABEL LIST

G0449 REGISTER
SCALAR
Builds new group onto the

SCALAR roll.
used by Unify.
G0450 MODE SET
Sets
the mode of the
variable to fixed or
floating,
explicit or
implicit, or not used.
G0455 CLEAR THREE Prunes three groups from

AND EXIT
the WORK
roll,
and
TRUE
exits with a true answer in ANSWER BOX.
56 CLEAR TWO
AND EXIT
TRUE

the
WORK roll.,
and
exits
with
a
true
answer in ANSWER BOX.
G04,)7 CLEAR ONE

AND EXIT
TRUE

WORK roll, and exits
with a true answer in
ANSWER BOX.
G0458 EXIT TRUE

EXIT TRUE
ML
Set ANSWER
and exit.
l~04
Chart
Label
GOll1
07
Routine Name
START UNIFY
G0145
DA
ARRAY REF ROLL ALLOTMENT
GOl13
DB
CONVERT TO ADR CONST
GOl12
DC
CONVERT TO INST FORMAT
GOl15
DD
DO NEST UNIFY
SUPPLEMENTARY UNIFY LABEL LIST
196
BOX
to true

presented in ascending order. These routines are those used in the operation of
Unify which are not shown in the section of
Routine
!.abe! Name
GOl14 CALL GEN
Routine
Comments
Transfers
~Name
to
phase of the
the
Gen
~compiler.
GOl16 NOTE ARRAY

ALLOCATION
DATA
Processes
SCRIPT
roll
block to reflect storage allocation.
GOl17 LEVEL ONE

UNIFY
Sets variables for the

processing of a single
loop or the outer loop
of a nest of loops.
GOtt8 DO LOOP
UNIFY
Controls the processing

of script data assoc1ated
with
current
innermost loop.
GOl19 SWEEP
SCRIPT
EXP NOTE
Compares the area code

and the outer coefficient
of
all other
entries on the
NEST
SCRIPT roll to the bottom entry on the ,roll.
G0120 ZERO COEF

UNIFY
SWeeps the script entries

for the innermost loop,
determining whether the
outer coefficient
is
zero and that the inner
coefficients are also
the same.
Depending
upon the condition, the
loops are re-registered
on
the
LOOP SCRIPT
roll.
G0121 NOTE SCRIPT

EXP
Establishe~;
the script
standard
G0126 STANDARD
the nature of
entries as
or
non-
Comments
Processes STD SCRIPT roll
._; ...... _-..
... "~,,
""l',,"'lc-mr.
__ ,
nVl'''JJ..L.I
LV.L.L
'1
entries have all been

processed or have never
existed. Moves entries
to next outermost loop.
G0127 CONVERT
NONSTD
SCRIPT TO
STD
picks a NONSTD roll entry

w1th a
m1n1mum displacement and processes
it as if it were a
standard script.
G0128 SIGN ALLOC

DISPLACEMENT
utility routine to spread

the sign of negative
displacements.
G0129 DELTA GE
4087 UNIFY
Processes paired STD or

NONSTD
roll
entries
with DELTA greater than
4087 bytes.
Generates
second
register
and
LOOP CONTROL entries.
G0130 DELTA LE
4087 UNIFY

NONSTD
roll
entries
with DELTA less than
4087 bytes.
DELTA is
placed in each ARRAY
REF entry in the chain.
G013l ESTABLISH
REG
STRUCTURE
controls
formation
of
LOOP CONTROL and REG
roll groups for SCRIPT
pointer in WOe
G0132 EST. REG

GROUP
Forms REG roll entry for

SCRIPT pOinter in WOe
G0133 ESTABLISH
LOOP
CONTROL
Entry to establish loop

control which sets up
stamps
for impending
LOOP CONTROL group.
G0134 EST. LOOP

CONTROL
Forms LOOP CONTROL group

for SCRIPT entry in Wl.
G0135 FORM OUTER

SCRIPT

NONSTD
roll
entries
wi th
best
match in
inner
coefficients.
Forms SCRIPT entry for
next
outermost
loop
with coefficient differences in coefficient
slots.
standard~
G0122 ESTABLISH
STD SCRIPT
EXP
Forms the LOOP CONTROL

and REG roll entries
for each STD
SCRIPT
pointer found in WO,
also registering
the
STD SCRIPT LOOP CONTROL
rung.
G0123 NOTE HI
FREQ STD
Checks the frequency used

for a particular standard script expression,
and sets the frequency
count.
G0124 SCRIPT EXP

UNIFY
Controls the processing

of
innermost
LOOP
SCRIPT
roll
entries
with matching area code
and outer coefficients;
also links each NONSTD
roll entry with each
STD roll entry, compari~g
the
induction
coefficients.
G0136 NOTE SECOND Runs

the
ARRAY
REF
REG THREAD
thread,
removing. each
link to provide for the
second register.
197
Routine
Label Name
G0137 UPDATE
FREQS
G0138 REG SCRIPT

EXP
Comments
Sums the frequencies of
the STD or NONSTD pair
to indicate increased
usage.
the STD
or
Registers
NONSTD in Wo on the STD
or NONSTD roll.
G0139 PRUNE
SCRIPT REL
TO PNTR
Utility routine to remove

SCRIPT groups.
G0140 NOTE ARRAY

REF DELTA
Adjusts the information

indicated
from
the
SCRIPT allocation according to the displacement to the
associated ARRAY REF roll
entries.
G0141 REALIZE
REGISTERS
SWEEP
G0142 NOTE HI
FREQ REG
G0143 ASSIGN
TEMPS FOR
REGS
Sweeps the REG roll, assigning available registers to the registers

and temps, according to
the frequency of use of
the registers in the
REG roll.
Utility
routine
which
notes
the
REG roll
group indicating
the
highest
frequency of
use.
Places next temp into the
ARRAY REF run and adjusts the LOOP CONTROL
stamps to reflect temp
usage.
G0144 CONVERT REG Performs

the
actual
TO USAGE
transfer of REG or TEMP
roll entries into the
ARRAY REF threads.
GEN LABEL LIST

The labels contained in the follOWing
list are illustrated in the flowcharts
provided with the description of the Gen
phase of the compiler.
198
Chart
ID
Routine Name
START GEN
Label
(;0491
--os
G0499
EA
ENTRY CODE GEN
GOS04
EB
PROLOGUE GEN
GOS08
EC
EPILOGUE GEN
G0712
ED
GET POLISH
G0493
EF
LBL PROCESS
GOS1S
EG
STA GEN
G0496
EH
STA GEN FINISH
SUPPLEMENTARY GEN LABEL LIST

presented in ascending order.
These routines are those used in the operation of
Gen but not shown in the section pertaining
to the phase.
Routine
LaQel Name _
G0494 CLINCH
Comments
Clears the base
table.
register
G0497 ZERO THE

ACS
Clears the accumulators

to be used.
G0498 MOVE ZEROS

TOT AND C
Fills
the
indicated
number of groups on the
TEMP
AND CONST roll
with zeros.
GOSOO INSERT PROG Puts

name
of
source
NAME IN
module on CODE roll.
CODE
GOSOl MAIN
PROGRAM
ENTRY
Builds instructions for

the entry into the main
program.
GOS02 PRO AND EPI Determines

the address
ADCON GEN
constant for prologues
and epilogues for the
instruction
that
is
created.
GOS03 ADCON MAKER Builds ADCON roll group
GEN
and
places
adcon
instruction
on
CODE
roll.
GOSOS LOAD DMYS
GEN
Builds the code to load

the
dummy
arguments
specified
in
a
subprogram.
Routine
Label Name
G0506 BUILD DMY

ARRAY DIM
G0507 CALCULATE
DMY DIM
Comments
Determines
the
dummy
array dimensions snecified- in the arg~ents
for the subprogram.
Calculates
the
dummy
array dimensions specified as arguments to a
subprogram. and builds
the
appropriate
instructions.
G0509 RESTORE DMY Restores the dummy arguGEN

ments for value transfer at the end of a
subprogram.
G0510 TEST CALL
BY NAME
Determines whether
the
arguments to a subprogram were designated as
call by name values.
G0511 BUILD A
MOVE DMY
GROUP
G0512 BUILD A
STORE DMY
ADD
G0513 INCREMENT
DMY PNTR
G0514 BUILD A
LOAD TWO
These
routines
build
the instructions that
transmit the indicated
values transferred by
the dummy arguments to
subprogram.
G0516 ASSIGNMENT
STA GEN
Controls the construction

of
the code for an
assignment statement.
G0517 AFDS S'fA

GEN
Controls and constructs

the instructiuns for an
arithmetic
function
definition statement.
G0518 AFDS INIT
Initializes the construction of the code for an

arithmetic
function
definition statement by
constructing the label
and jump instructions.
G0519 ASSIGN 5TA

GEN
Constructs
the
code for
an
statement.
G0520 IF STA GEN
Constructs
the
object
code
for
an
IF
statement.
G0521 LOGICAL IF
STA GEN
object
ASSIGN
Constructs
the
object
code for a Logical IF
statement.
Routine
Label Name
G0522 BUILD JUMP
INST
G0523 GO TO STA
GEN
G0524 ASSIGN GO
TO STA
GEt~
G0525 GO TO JUMP
GEN
Comments
Constructs a branch instruction i
with input
indicating
type
and
branch point.
These
routines control
and
construct
the
object code required to
execute the indicated
type of GO TO statement.
G0526 CGOTO STA

These routines construct
GEN
the object code for a
GC521 CGOTO FOR
GO TO statement that is
CALL RETURN
the subprogram return.
GEN
G0528 CONTINUE
STA GEN
Returns.
G0529 BLOCK DATA

GEN
Sets up the rolls and

data used in the construction of the object
c,ode for the BLOCK DATA
statement.
G0530 STA INIT
the
statement
Stores
number
and
leaves
statement drives in Wo.
G0531 DATA STA

GEN
Determines the use

mode
of
the
variables
and
structs the object
based
on
information.
G0532 ALIGN DATA
Adjusts
the
data
instruction format.
G0533 INIT FOR

VAR
Obtains the base, size,

displacement, and area
code of the indicated
variable and
adjusts
the instruction format
for
the
variable
according to the information obtained.
G0534 MOVE DATA
Sets up the beginning of

the
data
for
card
format.
G0535 MOVE TO
CARD IMAGE
Obtains the location of

the indicated data for
transfer to instr~~~ion
format.
and
data
concode
this
for
199
Routine
Routine
Comments
Controls the insertion of
G0536 MOVE TO
the data into the card
CARD REPEAT
format and the punching
of the appropriate TXT
card.
Labe! Name
Label
t!~
__
G0556 10 STA GEN
Comments
input/output statem~nt
that is indicated and
transfers to the routines that process that
particular
typP.
of
statement.
G053? PUNCH A TXT Write a TXT card from

CARD
data whose location is
G0538 PUNCH A TXT
provided.
CARD ML
G0539 PUNCH TXT
ENTRY2
G055? INIT 10
LINK GEN
Initiates and sets data

for the gene'rat ion of
the input/output linkage.
G0542 CALCULATE
VAR SIZE
G0558 UNIT 10
Determines the
logical
unit number
of
the
input/output devicp.
Determines
size of
a
variable from TAG field
of pointer in WO.
G0543 END STA GEN Builds code for AT if

required and branches
to TERMINATE PHASE.
G0547 BSREF STA
GEN
Controls the construction

of the Object code for
a BACKSPACE, REWIND, or
END FILE statement.
G0548 STOP PAUSE

STA GEN
Constructs
the
object
code
for a STOP or
PAUSE statement.
G0549 LOAD IBCOM
Builds an instruction for

a call to the IBCOM
routine.
G0550 RETURN STA

GEN
Builds the object code

for a RETURN statement.
G0551 ENTRY STA

GEN
SPROG
STA GEN
Constructs the label instruction for an ENTRY

statement or the entry
into a SUbprogram.
ARG
G0559 DIRECT 10
ARG
Sets up controls for the

construction
of
the
object code for dirpctaccess
input/output
statements.
G0560 FORMAT 10
ARG
Sets up data pertaininq

to the FORMAT for the
construction
of
the
object
code
of
an
input/output statement
under format control.
G0561 10 INITIAL
ENTRY GEN
Sets up code for the call

to
IBCOM to control
execution of the indicated
input/output
statement.
G0562 BUILD UNIT

ARG
Constructs argument PdSSed for unit number in

input/output linkages.
G0563 BUILD A
LINK ARG
Object
Constructs
the
code for the arguments
designated
in
the
input/output
statements.
G0564 BUILD
FORMAT ARG
Constructs
the
object
code for the designated
format control of an
input/output statement.
G0565 GRNTEE 10
LINK ADD
Constructs
code for
linkage.
G0566 IOL DO
CLOSE GEN
Generates object code for

closing of implied DO
in I/O list.
G0567 10 LIST
GEN RUN
Determines whether I/O

list is DO implied.
G0552 DEFINE FILE Constructs

the
object
STA GEN
code instructions for
the
DEFINE
FILE
statement.
G0553 GRNTEE A
TEMP
G0554 ILLEGAL
AFDS STA
GEN
Ensures that the constant

from
DEFINE FILE is
registered on the TEMP
AND CONST roll.
Generates an error link
for a statement function which was invalid.
G0555 ILLEGAL STA Constructs a no-operation

GEN ENTRY
instruction
and
an
error link
for
the
statement in error.
200
the
object
input/output
Routine
Label Name
G0568 IOL DO
OPEN GEN
Routine
Comments
Sets up the data for the
generation of instructions fo~ input/output
00 loop.
G0569 IOL ARRAY

GEN
Generates
linkage
for
secondary array entry
to IBCOM.
G05iO 10 LIST
PNTR GEN
IOL PNTR
GEN

the I/O list, and controls the construction
of the object code for
the list.
G0571 10 LIST
ARRAY PNTR
GEN
Sets
up the data and
determines the type of
array list.
G0572 BUILD
ELEMENTS
ARG
Builds an argument for

input/output
linkage
for a single element in
an I/O list.
G0573 10 LIST DMY Builds the object code

ARRAY
for a dummy array I/O
list.
G0574 GLOBAL DMY
TEST
Determines
whether the
variable in
question
has
been defined in
usage
as
a
global
dummy.
G0575 10 STA END

10 STA END
GEN
Generates call for end of

I/O list.
G0576 BUILD 10
LINK
Controls construction of
the object code to terminate an input/output
operation.
G0577 LOAD
ADDRESS
I BCOM
Inserts the absolute call

to the system input/
output routine, I BCOM.
G0578 INIT IBCOM

PNTR AND
ENTRY
Initializes for processing

of
input/output
statements by storing
code word and
IBCOM
pointer
from
POLISH
roll.
G0579 CALCULATE
LENGTH AND
TYPE
Determines the length and

type of variables designated
in
input/
output statements.
G0580 DO STA GEN

the 00 statement, sets
up the data for the
code of the statement.
Label Name
G0581 LOOPS OPEN

GEM
Comments
Obtains the 00 control
data and controls the
construction
of
the
appropriate
instructions.
G0582 INIZ LOOP

GEN

the indicated DO loop
after
determining
whether a. loop exists.
G0583 INIZ GIVEN

COEFF GEN
Constructs
the
object
code for the initialization of the indicated
induction
variabl~
coefficient.
G0584 DO CLOSE
SBR
Constructs
the
object
code for the close of a
DO loop after setting
up
controls for the
increment and terminal
values
of
the loop
iteration.
GOS8S FIND COEFF

INSTANCE
Determines the existence

of the-indicated nature
of a loop through comparison of the designated
traits
and
coefficient.
G0586 NOTE
REO
Determines
whether
a
register
has
been
assigned for the script
expression in question
or whether a temporary
storage is required.
TEMP
the
load of
G0587 INITIALIZE Generates
registers to be used
BY LOAD GEN
throughout a DO loop.
GOS88 GRNTEE TEMP Builds a store instrucSTORED GEN
tion for the temporary
storage used by
the
script expression.
G0589 GRNTEE
SOURCE REG
LOADED
Determines the area and

location for the register to be used by the
script expression, and
generates
the
load
instruction
for
the
indicated
temporary
storage.
G0590 INCR GIVEN

COEFF GEN
Determines the nature and

use of the loop increment
and builds the
appropriate
instructions for the execution
of the increment.
201
Routine
Label Name
(;0607 CALL STA
GEN
Corrunents
Calls the routines which
build the object code
for the CALL statement.
GOb08 FLP AND

PREP VAR
Flips POLISH
roll and
moves first variable to
WORK roll.
C;Ob09 EXP GEN

BY MODE
Controls the determining

of the mode of
the
indicated expression.
(;0610 EXP GEN .l\ND Generates code for exGRNTEE AC

pression on bottom of
POLISH roll and ensures
that result is in a
register.
G0611 GRNTEE EXP
Guarantees that the mode

of the expression is
positive.
G0612 EXP GEN
Obtains
the expression
for GEN processing.
C;0613 GEN RUN
Determines the operation

mode of the entity in
question.
Routine
Label Name
G0623 DRIVER GEN
Comments
If an array driver, goes
to SCRIPT PREP; if not,
exits false indicating
end of an expression.
G0624 AND GEN
Generates code for an AND

operation.
G0625 AND FINISH

GEN
Actually builds an AND

operation on CODE roll.
G0626 OR GEN
Generates code for an OR

operation.
G0627 OR FINISH
GEN
Actually builds
an OR
operation on CODE roll.
G0628 PREPARE FOR Sets up the data for the

LOGICAL GEN
statement containing a
logical operation.
G0629 EQ GEN
Generates code for an EO

relational operation.
G0630 NE GEN
Generates code for an NE

G0631 LT GEN
Generates code for an LT

GOb14 NOT GEN

Inverts sign
indicator
UNARY MINUS
for variable on bottom
GEN
of WORK roll.
G0632 GT GEN
Generates code for a GT

(;0615 DIV GEN
Controls production
of
object code for divide
operation.
G0633 GE GEN
Generates code for a GE

G0634 LE GEN
(;Ob1 b INTEGER
DIV GEN
Generates code for

ger divide.
Generates code for an LE

GOb17 SUB GEN
Generates code for

tract operation.
G0635 RELATIONAL
GEN
G0618 ADD GEN
GeneJ.:ates code
operation.
Builds the object code

instructions based on
the relational condition specified in the
logical operation.
G0619 MPY GEN
Controls production
of
object code for multiply operation.
for
intesubado
G0636 PHEPARE FOR Converts and adjusts data

RELATIONAL
for construction of the
object code of a relational comparison.
G0620 INTEGER MPY Generates code for inteGEN

ger multiply.
G0621 INTEGER MPY Corrunon end for multiply
DIV END
and divide generation
routines;
records
register usage.
G0637 POWER GEN
G0622 SUM OR PROD Guarantees that one of

GRNTEE
the two elements
on
WORK
roll
is in a
register and that mode
of operator is correct.
G0638 POWER AND

Sets up the
data for
COMPLEX MPY
operations
involving
DIV GEN
multiplication or division of exponentiated
or complex variables.
202
Builds
linkage
roll.
exponentiation
on the CODE
Routine
Label Name
G0639 INTEGER
POWER GEN
G0640 SPROG GEN
Comments
Builds the
appropriate
load
and
multiply
instructions for exponentiation depending on
the
mode
of
the
operation.
Determines
the nature of
the operand of
statement
or
subprogram.
G0641 SPROG GEN
SUB
Generates the
a
of
CALL
a
G0656 TEST FOR
BEST PAIR
code for a
Constructs
the
object
code for the return or
close of a subprogram.
G0643 SPROG ARG

SEQ GEN
Controls the interpretation of the sequence of

arguments designated to
a subprogram.
G0644 REG SPROG
Controls
the
register
assignment
to
subprogram arguments
as
they are encountered in
sequence.
G0646 TEST CONST

ARG
G0647 TEST AND

STORE REGS
Determines the two optimal accumulators to be

used for the operation
calcu-
G0642 SPROG END

GEN
G0645 GRNTEE ADR

GEN
Comments
These routines determine
and clear a pair
of
fixed or floating accumulators depending on
the type of the register in WOe
These
routines are used in
integer,
multiply,
divide:
and
complex
operations,.
indicat-ed.,
SUbprogram call including

argument
lations.
ARG
Routine
Label Name
G0653 CLEAR A
PAIR
G0654 PICK A
PAIR
G0655 PICK A
PAIR END
Guarantees
that
the
subprogram
arguments
are assigned and builds
the indicated load and
store instructions.
Determines mode of a constant
subprogram
argument.
Tests to determine if any
register
used as an
accumulator
contains
data;
if so, generates
code to store the contents in a temporary
location.
G0648 GRNTEE AC
GEN
Stores the contents of

WO in an accumulator if
not already designated.
G0649 GRNTEE NEW

AC GEN
G0650 PICK A NEW
AC
G0651 PICK FL
AC
G0652 PICK A
COMPLEX AC
These routines
determine the accumulator to
be used in an indicated
operation
depending
upon the mode of the
variable in question.
G0657 GRNTEE
POSITIVE
GEN
Sets the mode

of the
indicates
accumulator
to positive
if
not
already
set,
and
generates
appropriate
code.
G0658 COMP FX
CONST
G0659 COMP FL
CONST
G0660 COMP DP
CONST
Set the mode of the indicated constant.
G0661 COMP
COMPLEX
CONST
Sets the
mode of the
indicated constant.
G0662 CORRECT FOR Complements the value

SIGN DATA 1
DATAl.
in
G0663 INCLINE
FUNCTION
GEN
Sets up table for the

generation of code for
in-line functions.
G0664 CONVERSION
FUNCTION
GEN
Generates code to perform

an in-line mode conversion.
G0665 ABS
These routines generate
FUNCTION
the
object
code inGEN
structions for the inG0666 MOD
line function indicated
FUNCTION
by the name of the rouGEN
tine.
G0667 INT FUNCTION GEN
G0668 AIMAG FUNCTION GEN
G0669 CMPLEX
FUNCTION
GEN
G0670 TWO ARG
INLINE
COMMON
G0671 CONJG FUNCTION GEN
Appenqix E: Miscellaneous Reference Data
203
Routine
Label Name
G0672 SIGN FUNCT
GEN
G0673 DIM FUNCT
GEN
G0674 GRNTEE
BOTH MODES
G0675 GRNTEE
MODE Wl
Co!!!ments
(see Label GOEfiS)
sets the rrode of the data

in wo and Wl to positive if not
already
set.
Determines
the mode of
the variable in Wl and
transfers to the appropriate conversion routine cJepending on the
mode of WO.
G0676 LOGICALCONVERSION
Places the logical variable contained in Wo

into an accwnulator.
G0677 FX
CONVERSION
Places the variables contained in Wo and Wl in

an accumulator if the
mode is 1*2; otherwise,
a conversion to floating point is made.
G0678 FL
CONVERSr0N
Tests the conten~s of WO

and Wl for
floating
v.'lrL:tbl," ',.. n~tants.
11 tht'~ contents are IIVi...
floating variables or
constants,
it
determines the nature of the
data,
registers
the
variable or constant,
and assigns an accumulator for the
operation.
G0679 CONVERT TO
COMPLEX
END
Generates code to clear

the imaginary regjster
anc.
loads
the real
register in real
to
complex conversion.
G0680 TEST A FL
CONST
Exits false if pointer in

Wo is not to a floating
constant; otherwise, it
loads the constant into
central area and exits
true.
G0681 DP
CONVERSION
204

the
double-precision
variable
or constant
indicated,
converts
into the indicated format, assigns an accumulator, depending on the
mode of the variable.
Routine
Label Name
G0682 TEST DP
CONST
Comments
Exits false if pointer in
Wo is not to a doubJeprecision
constant;
otherwise,
loads con~tant into central area
and exits true.
G0683 COMPLEX
CONVERSION
Determinp~
thc mode and

nature of the two componpnt~;
of thp complex
varidbl~ or constant.
G0684 DP COM1LEX
CONVERSION
[)et.f> r mi
GOb85 COMPLEX
AC TEST
Sets up FL AC roll for

proper pointers to a
convertpd
to
value
complex.
tH':'
t hf'
modC' and
rcgl!'itC[S th(~ indicated
double-precision
complex
variable
or
constant.
G0686 AC END AND USf.d dUTing conversion,

CONV RETEST
to Sf't_ up AC roll,
and
to
determine whether
conversion is complete.
G0687 CONVERT
RETEST
Sets up WORK roll so that

Monr.;
GRN'I'EE
Wl
can
detenni n.
whc-ther
a
conver: ion is complet.e.
G0688 REGISTER
WORK CONST
Records constant. in wo as
an integer constant.
G0689 REGISTER FX Register

the
constant
CONST
from DATA area on the
G0690 REGISTER FL
indicated roll if not
CONST
already defined; conG0691 REGISTER DP
stant is compiler genCONST
era ted.
G0692 REGISTER
COMPLEX CONST
G0693 REGISTER DO
COMPLEX CONST
G0695 FLOAT A FX
Converts a floating constant or generates code

to convert a floating
variable to fixe~ mode.
G0696 FIX A FL
Converts
a fixed mode
constant or generates
code to convert a fixed
variable
to floating
mode.
G0697 FLOAT AND

FIX COMMON
Common exit for routines

which write code
to
float or fix variables.
G0708 TEST AC
AC TEST
whether the
Determines
mode of the indicated
accumulator is fixed or
floating.
Routine
Label Name
G0709 AC END
Comments
Determines whether one or
two accumulators
are
being used.
G0710 GRNTEE AC
ZERO
Assures that the accumulator being used in the

operation is register
zero.
G0711
Clears appropriate entry

on AC
roll
for
a
register which has been
stored.
REG
G0713 CLEAR THREE Remove indicated number

ru~D EXIT
of groups from
WORK
TRUE
roll, set ANSWER BOX to
G0714 CLEAR TWO
true, and return.
AND EXIT
TRUE
G0715 CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
TRUE
G0716 EXIT TRUE
EXIT TRUE
Sets ANSWER BOX

and returns.

AND EXIT
of
groups
from WORK
FALSE
roll, set ANSWER BOX to
G0719 CLEAR TWO
false, and return.
AND EXIT
FALSE
G0720 CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
FALSE
G0731 CHECK JUMP

LBL
Determinf>s whether pointer in Wo refers to a

jump target label.
G0132 MADE LBL

MAKER
Creates entry on BRANCH

TABLE
roTl for made
label,
and
returns
to
group
pointer
created.
G0733 SCRIPT PREP Sets up the data for

calculation
of
indicated script
pression.
the
the
ex-
G0734 CALCULATE
SCRIPT
Determines the mode

and
operation of the variables contained in the
script expression.
G0735 TEST END

SCRIPT
Determines the end of the

script expression.
G0736 CALCULATE
OFFSET AND
SIZE

each element contained
within an expression,
and
the displacement
pertaining
to
each
array.
G0737 GRNTEE REG
Place the index values

for arrays in register
9 if not already set.
Sets ANSWER BOX to false

and returns.
G0738 TEST AND

STORE REG 9
G0739
DTlTTn
UV,L.J..jlJ
SHIFT 9
ML

EXIT
of groups from
WORK
CLEAR THREE
roll and return.
AND EXIT
G0724 CLEAR TWO
EXIT
CLEAR TWO
AND EXIT
G0725 CLEAR ONE
EXIT
CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
G0727 EXIT
EXIT ML
Comments
roll and
Bui Ids ADCON
returns a pointer to
Ul~ start of a group on
the roll.
to true
ML
G0721 EXIT FALSE

EXIT FALSE
Routine
Label Name
G0730 ADCON MADE
LBL MAKER
Returns.
G0728 EXIT ANSWER Sets ANSWER BOX and exits

ML
for EXIT routines which
set ANSWER BOX.
Builds a shift register 9

instruction
for subscripting; shift length
is determined by array
element size.
G0744 BID INIT

G0745 BIM INIT
G0746 BIM BID
INIT
G0747
Initializes data for the

contsruction of the instruction designated by
the BID, BIN, or BIM
POP instructions.
G0748 EXIT FULL
Used on entry to BIN when

BIN
fills
the EXIT
roll.
BID
BIDPOP
This is the
assembler
language routine which
constructs the instruction designated by the
BIDPOP instruction.
205
Routine
Label Name
G0150 BIN
BINPOP
G0151 NOTE A
CSECT
Comments
This is the
assembler
BINPOP instruction.
This routine obtains the
Control
section
in
which
the
current
instruction being generated is to be placed.
G0152 BIM
BIMPOP
This is the
assembler
BIMPOP instruction.
G0153 RX FORMAT
General routine used to

build
all
RX
type
instructions.
G0154 RR FORMAT
This routine implements

the RR format designation for the instruction being generated.
G0755 ADDRESS
MAKER
Used to build all base,

displacement, and index
type addresses.
G0756 BUILD A
BASE REG
Determines the base location within a particular control section at

which the object code
instructions begin.
G0757 SCALAR
OPERAND
ARRAY
OPERAND
GLOBAL
SPROG
OPERAND
USED FUNCTION LIB
OPERAND
NAMES LIST
OPERAND
FORl-"AT LBL
OPERAND
GLOBAL DMY
OPERAND
Builds address for the

specified type of operand.
G0758 DMY LBL

COMMON
Generates address
FOMAT references.
Routine
Label ~~!!! __
G0760 SPROG ARG
OPERAND
G0761 BRr..NCH
TABLE
OPERAND
Builds address for references to made labels.
G0162 BRANCH
TABLE
COMMON
Used by LBL and BRANCH

TABLE OPERAND routines
to contstruct address.
G0763 BRANCH
SPROG
COMMON
Used by LBL, BRANCH TABLE

and SPROG ARG OPERAND
to construct address.
G0164 T AND C
OPERAND
Constructs
address for
references to temporary
storage or constants.
G0765 T AND C
COMMON
Used for T AND C OPERAND

and pointers to constant rolls.
G0166 T AND C B
COMMON
Common
exit
for
all
branch and
temporary
and
constant operand
routines.
G0167 LOCAL D~jy

OPERAND
Determines the base location for the indicated

operand and builds the
code data from
this
information.
G0168 FX CONST
OPERAND

the
fixed
constant
operand and constructs
the instruction depending upon this information.
G0769 FX FL CONST Moves

single-precisi .,n
constant
pointed
to
SEARCH AND
TEMP AND CONST roll if
REG
FL CONST
not already on roll.
OPERAND
G0110 FX FL CONST Performs part of move of
COMMON
constant to TEMP AND
CONST roll.
for
G0771 SEARCH AND

REG SP
CONST
SEARCH AND
REG FX
G0159 LBL OPERAND Builds address for referLOCAL SPROG

ences to labels and
OPERAND
statement functions.
CONST
SEARCH AND
REG FL
CONST
206
oments
Builds address for reference
to
subprogram
argument Ii st.
Searches TEMP AND CONST

roll,
registers
constant if not already
there,
and
returns
pointer to TEMP
AND
CONST roll group_
Routine
Label Name
G0772 REGSP
Comments
Registers
,-;,-,'lo.'Trm
\"'Vl~u.L
~"VJ.l
single-preci-
COiistar1t
.-~r.
,-,u
TE..M~
Routine
Label Name
G078ii STORE IN
TE~.P
G0774 SEARCH AND Ensures that a doubleor

real
REG DP CONST precision
single-precision
comSEARCH At'ID
REG COMPLEX
plex constant is on the
CONST
TEMP AND XONST roll and
it.
G0775 REG DP
CONST
Registers a new doubleprecision constant on

the TEMP
AND
CONST
roll.
<;0776 DP CGt-1PLEX
CONST
OPERAND
Constructs address
for
reference to a doubleprecision complex constant.
G0777
~;EARCH
AND
REG DP
COMPLEX
CON!::iT
G0778 REG DP
COMPLEX
CONST
Ensures that a doubleprecision complex constant is on the TEMP

AND CONST
roll
and
it.
Registers a new doubleprecision complex constant on the TEMP AND
CONST roll.
G0779 TEST DOUBLE Determines if the address

WORD
designated to the variBOUNDARY
able or constant in Wo
oegins on a doubleword
boundary.
G0780 ARRAY REF
OPERAND
G0781 LOAD REG

FROM TEMP
G0782 ARRAY PLEX

OPERAND
Handles array reference

pointers
to
obtain
scripted
arrays
addresses.
Generates a load of a
base register fr~m a
temporary storage location.
Handles building addresses when array plex is
the indicated operand.
G0783 SRCH AND ST Stores register 9 in a

X9 FROM
temporary register if
ARRAY PLEX
needed for generatjon
of array plex addresses.
code to
store
that register in a tem-
porary location if Wo
is
a
pointer to a
register.
At-In CaNST roll.
address
for
G0773 DP FL CaNST Construct
OPERAND
references to doubleand
precision
real
COMPLEX
comsingle-precision
CONST
plex constants.
OPERAND
Comments
Generates
G0785 STORE AND

RETURN
TEMP
G0786 SEARCH
TEMP ROLL
Uses a temporary location

in checking temporary
pointers for the indicated constants.
Beginning with a pointer
to the TEMP PNTR roll
in WO, searches for an
available temporary already defined. Returns
true, with pointer to
TEMP AND CaNST roll if
found;
otherwise, returns false.
G0787 OPERAND RUN Selects processing routlne

for
present
operand from pointer.
G0930 SPOIL STO
Determines whether pointVAR
ed to variable is being
SPOIL STORE
used in subscript which
VAR
is now
contained in
register 8 or 9; if so,
spoils that register.
G0931 SPOIL STORE Determines
whether
a
VAR NON
stored variable which
READ 10
has not appeared in a
READ should be stored.
G0932 CLEAR ONE
AND SPOIL
CEAD
Determines if pointed to
variable
is
COMMON,
EQUIVALENCE, alterable,
or dummy; if so, spoils
any register containing
a subscript which uses
any CEAD variable; and
prunes one group from
WORK.
G0933 SPOIL CEAD
Same as CLEAR ONE AND

SPOIL CEAD except it
does
not prune WORK
roll.
G0934 TEST A CEAD Tests to determine

if
variable pointed to by
wo is COMMON, EQUIVALENCE,
alterable, or
dummy.
G0935 NO ARG
SPRaG END
GEN
Entry point for generating a subprogram call

without arguments.
207
Routine
Label N=am=e__
Comments
G093? SIMPLE
BuildS---ARRAY PLEX roll
SCRIPT PREP
for subscripts handled
in registers 8 and 9.
Routine
Label Names
G0953 BIN
VARIABLE
G0938 CLEAR 3
EXIT BIN
G0939 CLEAR 1
EXIT BIN
Exits from BIN, BIM and

BID
POP
subroutines
which remove the indicated number of groups
from WORK.
G0954 RETURN
SCALAR OR
ARRAY PNTR
Returns
pointer
to a
SCALAR or ARRAY roll
group from less direct
reference.
G0940 EXIT BIN
Exits from BIN, BIM, and

BID POP subroutines.
G0955 DEBUG INIT

GEN
Generates DEBUG linkage

for INIT variables.
G0941 SUBCHK GEN
Builds code for SUBCHK

entry if required.
G0942 SIMPLE
SCRIPT
OPERAND
Generates the code

to
compute
a
subscript
value to be held in
register 8 or 9.
G0943 TEST FOR

HIT
Determines whether register 8 or 9 already

contains the
present
subscript.
Comments
Puts name of
CODE roll.
variable on
NAME
G0956 DEBUG SHORT Generates DEBUG linkage

LIST INIT
for INIT of a full arGEN
ray.
G0957 DEBUG DMY
INIT GEN

for INIT of a dummy
variable.
G0958 DISPLAY STA Generates DEBUG

GEN
for
a
statement.
G0959 DEBUG INIT
ARG GEN
linkage
DISPLAY
Generates
DEBUG
calls
after a CALL statement.
G0944 LOAD
SIMPLE X
REG
Generates code to set up

register 8 or 9.
G0945 PICK A NEW

SIMPLE X
REG
Determines whether register 8 or 9 will be used

for
subscript
which
must be loaded.

used by Exit.
G0946 CALC ELEM

SIZE AND
SHIFT
Calculates array element

size and the length of
shift necessary to multiply by that value.
G0947 AT STA GEN
Generates the object code

for an AT statement.
G0948 TRACE ON
STA GEN

for
a
TRACE
ON
statement.
G0949 TRACE OFF

STA GEN

for
a
TRACE
OFF
statement.
Label
G0381
G0382
G0383
G0384
G0399
G0400
G0402
G0403
G0404
G0405
G0416
G0424
G0564
EXIT LABEL LIST
Chart
G0950 DEBUG
Generates initial linkage
INITIAL
to DEBUG.
LINKAGE GEN
G0951 DEBUG VAR
ADR GEN
Generates
address
for
IN IT
or
SUBCHK
variable.
G0952 DEBUG
ELEMENTS
GEN
Generates number of elements for DEBUG linkage.
208
-1!L.
09
FA
FB
FC
FD
FE
FF
FG
FH
FI
FJ
FK
FL
Routine Name
EXIT PASS
PUNCH TEMP AND CONST ROLL
PUNCH CODE ROLL
PUNCH BASE ROLL
PUNCH BRANCH ROLL
PUNCH SPROG ARG ROLL
PUNCH GLOBAL SPROG ROLL
PUNCH USED LIBRARY ROLL
PUNCH ADCON ROLL
PUNCH RLD ROLL
PUNCH END CARD
PUNCH NAMELIST MPY DATA
SUPPLEMENTARY EXIT LABEL LIST

presented in ascending order. These routines are those used in the operation of
Exit which are not shown in the section of
Routine
Label Na~___
G0385 SWEEP CODE
.Routine
Label
Comments
Determines
the nature of
ROLL
::. word on
SWEEP CODE
ROLL ML
and processes it
cording to type.
G0386 PUNCH INST

PUNCH INST
ML
G0388 PUNCH TWO
HALFWORDS
~!~
__ _
<;0409 MOVE CODE
the
indicated
;=;;. ..- .....~.~
~ ..- ....
~ ""' .......
;;.;;, .. ~ __ ~ .L.
___ _
~vu..:;
'-v
'-110::;-
VU'-l'UL.
Cl.&.II:Cl
to be punched.
ac-

instruction
be
to
p~nched
(one,
two, or
three halfwords).
Comments
Transfers
for~at
G0410 INITIALIZE Initializes the
for the punching of the
TXT CARD
TX'I' cards.
G0411 INITIALIZE
TXT CARD ML
of a 1XT
GC412 PUNCH
PAP.TIAL
TEX,\ CARD
Punches any
card.
~art
G0413 PUNCH A
Punches
card.
complete
Sets up a two halfword

instruction format.
CARD ML
G0389 PUNCH ONE

HALFWORD
Sets
G0390 PUNCH
THREE
HALFWORDS
Sets up a three halfword

instruction format.
G0391 PUNCH CODE
Punches
the
indicated
instruction
in
the
indicated format.
up
a one halfword
format.
instru~tion
G0392 ABS PUNCH
Sets up for the punching

of object module absolute constants.
(;0393 RELOC
CaNST
PUNCH
Sets the format for the

punching of a relocatable absolute constant.
G0394 ABS CONST

PUNCH
ABS CONST
PUNCH ML
Punches the indicated absolute constants

in
the Object module.
G0396 DEFINE LBL
Defines indicated label

on BRANCH TABLE roll.
G0397 ADCON
PUNCH
Punches the address constant indicated in Wo.
G0398 POC DATA

PUNCH
Sets up the information

neederl for the listing
and punching of code
contained on the CODE
roll.
G0401 SWEEP BASE

BRANCH
ROLL
Initializes
for
the
punching of the groups
contained on the BASE
and BRANCH TABLE rolls.
G0406 HALF WOIJD

WO TO TXT
CARD
G0407 WO TO TXT
CARD
WO TO TXT
CARD ML
Transfers the contents of

Wo to the output area
to be punched.
TXT
G0414 PUNCH AN
ESD CARD
Sets the format

punching
of
card.
G0411 DEPOSIT
LAST FSD
NO. ON
RLD CARD
Obtains and deposits the

last ESD number on the
indicated RLD card for
punching.
G0418 DB SECOND
RLD WORD
WITH CONT
Sets the format of a card

with a continuation to
a second card.
GOLI19 DB SECOND
RLD WORD
WITH NO
CaNT
Turns off the continuation indicator for the

punching ot the RLD
card.
DB S~COND
RLD WORD
Places the second word

into the RLD format in
ttle output area.
GOll20
for the
an ESD
G0421 DEPOSIT
WORD ON
RLD CARD
Placps the indicated word

into the
appropriate
location
in the RLD
format.
G0422 PUNCH AN
RLD CARD
Punches the indicated RLD

card.
G0423 TERMINATE
RLD
PUNCHING
Determines
whether the
RLD card is full and
sets controls accordingly.
G0425 LIST CODE
Sets up the format for

the object module listing, and determines the
instruction format for
each indicated instruction to be printed.
G0426 RS OR SI
FORMAT
Determines
whether the
indicated
instruction
is RS or SI format.
halfword
instruction
format is set up for
the contents of WOe
209
RoutinE'
Label Name
Goii'27 RSFORMAT
G0428 SI FORMAT
. G0429 RX FORMAT
G0430 RR FORMAT
Comments
SetS-up-the RS format for
the indicatE'd instruction.
Sets up the SI format for
the indicated instruction.
Sets up the RX format for
the indicat~d instruction.
Sets up the RR format for
the indicated instruction.
Routine
Label Name
GOiiii3 PHINT-HEADING
PRINT
HEADING
ML
G0444 PRINT
COMPILER
STATISTICS
Q!!!!!!~!!~~
Prints
the
indicated
heading that is to
appear on the Object
module listing.
Sets up the indicated

message in the print
output area .
G0445 PRINT CSECT Sets up

the indicated
MEMORY
REQMTS
output area.
MESS
G0446 PRINT
CSECT
TOTAL
MESSAGE ML
Sets up the indicated

output area.
G0447 PRINT
CSECT
MESSAGE
Sets up th indicated
output area.
Sets up the format (DC

format) for the address
constants in the object
module that are to be
listed.
G0448 CONY AND

PRINT
D2(B2) ML
Converts the
in~icated
general register designation for the RX,
RS,
and RR formats.
G0433 DC LIST
Lists DC constants.
G0449 CONV AND

PRINT
D1Bl ML
G0434 PRINT
ADCON
tSl
Sets controls for the

printing of the indicated address constant.
Converts the
indicated
address
and
general
register
designation
for the SI
and
SS
formats.
G0435 PRINT A
MADE LBL
Sets controls
for the
printing of the indicated label that has
been
created by the
compiler.
G0431 SS FORMAT
G0432 ADCON LIST
Sets up the S5 format for

the indjcated instruction.
G0436 MADE LBL

ADCON LBL
COMMON
Inserts the
indicated
label into the print
output area.
G0437 PRINT A
LBL
Prints the indicated

label on the
object
module listing.
G0450 CONV AND

Converts the
indicated
PRINT 02 ML
address and
general
CONY AND
register
designations
PRINT 01 ML
to instruction format.
G0452 CONY AND
Converts the
indicated
PRINT Bl ML
address and
general
CONY AND
register
designations
PRINT B2 ML
G0453 CONY AND
Converts the
indicated
PRINT R2 ML
address and
general
CONY AND
register
designations
PRINT X2 ML
GOIa 54 CONY At.O
PRINT 12 ML
G0438 PRINT BCD
OPERAND
G0439 PRINT A
LINE
PRINT A
LINE PLUS
ONE ML
G0440 PRINT A
LINE NL
210
Inserts the indicated operand into the appropriate position of the

object listing in the
output a.rea.
Print the indicated line
once a full line haa
been set up in the output area.
Converts the
indicated
address
and
general
register
designations
G0455 CONV AND

Converts the
indicated
PRINT Rl filL
address and
general
CONV AND
register
designations
PRINT Ll ML
G0456 CONY WO AND Converts the contents of
PRINT
WO to decimal and inCONVERT WO
serts into print output
AND PRINT
area.
Routine
Larel NaJI\e
G0458 CONV AND
Comments
Converts a number to dec-
PRltiT PLUS
imal
ONE ML
print buffer.
and
places
in
G0459 PRINT A
COMMA ML
Places a comma into print

output area.
G0460 PRINT A
Places a left parenthesis

into the print
output
area.
LEFT PAREN
ML
parenPlaces
right
G04b! PRINT A
thesis into the print
RIGHT PAREN
output area.
ML
G0462 PRINT A
CHAR ML
Places
the
indicated
character
lnto
the
print output area.
G0464 CLEAR ONE

EXIT
CLEAR ONE
AND EXIT
Prunes one word from the

WORR roll and exits.
Routine
Label Name
G0465 EXIT
EXIT ML
EXIT
ANSWER ML
G0566 RLD ALIGN

SWEEP TE
Comments
Obtains the last entry on
tne
EXIT
roll
and
transfers to the indicated
location.
Sorts RLD entries so that
all RLDs in one CSECT
appear together.
G0567 RLD ALIGN

TEST
SWEEP TEST
Determines whether present

RLD is in
the
CSECT nov being constructed.
G0569 GET ADR

FROM PNTR
ML
Gets location on DATA VAR

roll from pointer in
Wo.
211
This appendix describes the logic of the

FORTRAN IV library subprograms.
As the
compiler examines the user's FORTRAN source
sta~ements
and translates them into an
object module,
it recognizes the need for
certain operations the library is designed
to perform.
At the corresponding pOints in
the object module,
the compiler inserts
calls to the appropriate library subprograms.
At linkage edit time, copies of
these library subprograms are made part of
the load module.
Then, at execution time,
the library subprograms
perform
their
various
functions.
The nature of the
user's program determines which and how
many library sUbprograms are included in
his load module.
SYSTEM GENERATION OPTIONS

At system generation time, the user
makes several choices which determine the
exact makeup of his FORTRAN IV library.
These concern:
BOUNDARY ALIGNMENT OPTION: If this option
is selected, the -FHCA5JST
routine
is
included (as a member of the link library).
When specification interrupts occur, this
routine is loaded to attempt correction of
object program data misalignment.
EXTENDED ERROR HANDLING OPTION: If this
option is selected, expanded versions of
some library routines are included. These
provide:
The library performs a variety of function:." which are of five general types:
load module initialization and termina~l(m activities
input/output operations
error handling
~ata conversion
mathematical and service functions
It is an important library responsibility
to form an interface between the load
moclulp dnd the operating system:
library
s~bproqrams interface with the data managempnt access methods, provide exit routines
for
the
system interrupt handler and
at-.normal termination processor, and call
the :-,llpervisor for varlOUS services.
more precise error messages

in some cases, more extensive library
corrective
action
and
continued
execution
the ability for the user to choose his
own or the library's corrective action
The library modules affected by this option
are listed in Table 9.
A user's library
will include either one set of modules or
the other.
Table
9.
Routines Affected by
Error Handling Option
Extended
r--------------------T--------------------,
Without
I
With
I
I
I
I
Extended
Error Handling
I
I
Extended
Error Handling
.--------------------+--------------------~
The precise composition and size of a

useros verS10n of the FORTRAN IV library
will depend on what options he chose at
system generation time. The actual location of his permanent library copy (the
partitioned data set SYS1.FORTLIB) is also
dependent on his installation choice.
A few subprograms, commonly thought of
as FORTRAN IV library members,
and discussed in this appendix, are not actually
members of SYS1.FORTLIB.
Instead,
they
reside in the link library, to be loaded if
needed by true library routines at execution time.
212
I
I
I
I
I
IHCFCOMH
IHCUOPT*
IHCDIOSE
IHCFIOSH
IHCFINTH
IHCTRCH*
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I HCECOMH
IHCUOPT*
IHCEDIOS
IHCEFIOS
I HCEFNTH
I HCETRCH
I HCERRM. *
IHCFOPT
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.--------------------~--------------------~
I
I
.The size differs,

although not thel
name.
I
I With Extended Error Handling, ICHTRCHI
I
becomes an entry point in IHCETRCH.
I
1 Without Extended Error Handling,
I
IL_________________________________________
IHCERRM is an entry point in IHCTRCH. JI
One other module is affected by system

aeneration choice:
IHCUATBL; the data set
reference-- table,
has both its length and
some contents determined at this time.
IHCTRCH
This module (entry point
MODULE SUMMARIES
I HCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
This module (with its CSECT extension
IHCCOMH2)
handles the load module
initialization and termination activi-
ties, and sequential and direct access

input/output operations. It also
tains switches, addr.esses,
and
areas (at constant displacements
its entry pOint tBCOM.) that are
by other library routines.
consave
from
used
IHCNAMEL
This module directs NAMELIST read/
write operations (entry point FRDNLW
for reads,
entry point FWRNLW for
wri t,es).
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
This module interfaces with the basic
sequential access methods to do all
sequential input/output for the load
module.
It is called (at entry point
FIOCS.) by IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH and
I HCNAMEL
to perform user-requested
read/wr i te and devic'e
manipulation
operations, and by other library routines
(such as IHCERRM, IHCFDUMP,
and IHCDBUG)
to write error
mesages, traceback maps, user-requested
dumps, debug information, etc.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
This module interfaces with the basic
direct access methods to do all direct
access input/output for
the
load
module.
It is called by the compilergenerated code (at entry point DIOCS#)
for DEFINE FILE statements,
and by
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH (at
entry
point
IBCENTRY) for READ, WRITE, and FIND.
I HCFCV'I'H
This
module
does data conversion
required by other library routines.
It is called (at entry point ADCON#)
for formatted and namelist
input/
output,
and for other library opera~
tions (such as traceback) that require
EBCDIC output.
IHCIBERH
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (at entry point IBERH#)
to terminate load module execution due
to source statement error.
rHCERRM)
lS
the library error handling routine

when extended error handling has not
been specified.
It is called by at her
library routines to direct message
printing and produce traceback maps.
IHCETRCH
This module produces traceback maps
when the extended error handling facility is present.
It can be called by
the error monitor IHCERRM (at entry
point IHCTRCH),
ur by the compilergenerated code (at entry point ERRTRA)
at user request.
IHCERRM
This module is the error monitor when
extended error handling has been specified (otherwise, it is an entry point
in IHCTRCH).
It can be called by
other
library
routines
detecting
errors (at CSECT name IHCERRM), by
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
for
termination
error summary (entry point IHCERRE),
and by the compiler-generated code at
user request (entry point ERRMON) for
handlinq of
user-d~tected
errors.
IHCERRM Jirects its error handling
activiti~s according to the entries in
the option' table, IHCUOPT.
IHCUOP'f
This module is the option table.
In
addition to ~ preface, it contains one
entry for each library-defined and
user-defined error condition.' These
entries are used by the errur munitor
IHCERRM to direct its handling of
errors.
IHCFOPT
This module satisfies user requests to
examine and modify the option table
IHCUOPT.
It is called at entry points
ERRSAV,
ERRSTR,
and ERRSET by the
compiler-generated code.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
This module handles certain program
interrupts.
It is called by the systew interrupt handler at entry point
ARITH#.
IHCADJST
This module, which is included in the
link
library
only
if
the user
request ed t)ollndary alignment at system
generation
time,
is
loaded
by
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH to attempt correction of data misalignment that has
caused a specification interrupt.
Appendix F:
Object-Time Library subprograms
213
I HCSTAE
This module, which resides in the link
library, is the STAE abnormal termination
processor.
When
IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH receives control (at entry
point
EXITRTN1)
from
the system
because the load module has been scheduled for abnormal termination, it
loads IHCSTAE to attempt completion of
outstanding
input/output
requests
before execution ends.
IHCUATBL
This module is the unit assignment
table.
It contains information about
the user's data set references, and is
used by the library input/output routines in their operations.
IHCFDVCH
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry point DVCHK) at
user request to determine if a divide
checK interrupt occurred.
I HCFOVER
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry point OVERFL) at
user request to determine whether or
not overflow or underflow interrupts
occurred.
IHCFSLIT
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry points, SLITE,
SLITET) at user request to set or test
private
switches
("pseudo-sense
lights")
IHCFEXIT
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry point EXIT) at
user request to terminate load module
execution.
214
IHCFDUMP
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry {Joints DUt-'P,
PDUMP) at user request ta produce a
of
specified areas of main
dump
storage.
IHCDBUG
This module is called by the compilergenerated code (entry point DEBUG#) to
direct
the
production
of
userrequested debugging information.
MATHEMATICAL
ROUTINES:
Information on
theS;-rr6iary-modur;S-can be found in the
publication IBM Systeml360 operating System: FORTRAN IV Library--Mathematical and
Service SUbprograms, Order No. GC28-6818.
LIBRARY INTERRELATIONSHIPS
It is helpful to recognize that there is
not
always
a
one-to-one relationship
between library functions
and
library
modules. Some functions require the execution of several modules, and, conversely,
some modules are involved with more than
one function.
Certain library modules are called primarily by the compiler-generated code, but
a large number are called only, by other
library modules or by the system.
This
relationship is illustrated in Figure 16.
In interfacing with each other, with the
system
and with the compiler-generated
code, library modules use ~2~~~ndard calling and register-saving procedures.
n
C
M
P
LibiaiY fOutines
entered initi;o'ly
Library routines
entered only
from compiler-
from other
-=e:ra~ code _
library routines
or the system
IHCDBUG
! HCFDU~~P
!HCADJST
IHCFDVCH
IHCFCVTH
I
L
IHCFExlT
IHCFINTHI
IHCFOPT
IHCEFNTH
R
IHCFOVER
E
N
E
R
IHCFSLIT
IHCIBERI-i
IHCNAME L
IHCFIOSHI
IHCEFIOS
IHCSTAE
IHCTRCH
P
R
T
I
N
IHCUATBL
IHCUOPT
E
D
s
y
S
T
o
B
J
E
C
T
Library routines that fall Into both
categorle'S. being entered sometimes

from the compiler-generated code. and
o
E
u
Figure 16.
sometim8'S from other library routines

or the operating system
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
I HCDIOSEIIHCE DIOS
IHCETRCH
IHCERRM
Mathematical routines
Calling Paths for Library Routines
Issues
fying
The library is responsible for the
loari
module's
initialization activities.
Every
compiler-generated main program begins with
a branch to the IBFINT section of IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH.
This
libra~y
routine performs
the following initialization procedure:
Saves the load module entry point
In
its
location MAINEP, and the main program's save area pointer in its
location REG13.
macro instruction specicontrol

tor
program
interrurt~;
9,
11, 12, 13, 15, and, if
boundary dlignment was ~electpd at system generation time, 6.
~PIE
libr~ry
Issue:; d ~~Tl\E m.wro in:.;truction specifying

library control
if the system
schedul es thp load mOrl \lIe for abnorwa I
terminat ion
calls
IHCFIO:,H/IHCEFIOS
object error llni t.
Appendix F:
to
open
the
Object-Time Library Subprograms
215
control is then returned to the main

gram, which begins its processing.
pro-
INPUT/OUTPUT OPERATIONS
Processing FORTRAN input/output requests
is
mainly
the
responsibility of the
library. For each request, the compiler
sets up a call(s) to the appropriate entry
point in the appropriate library routine.
For NAMELIST READ/WRITE,
the call is to
IHCNAMEL, which
then
calls
IHCFIOSHI
IHCEFIOS and IHCFCVTH.
For DEFINE FILE,
the call is to IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS. For all
other operations, the call is to IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH. If the operation is sequential
READ/WRITE,
the IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH routine
216
calls IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS (and also I HCFCVTH

if format control is present).
If the
operation is REWIND, BACKSPACE, or ENDFILE,
the
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
routine
calls
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
If the operation is
direct access READ, WRITE, or FIND, routine
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH calls IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
(and IHCFCVTH if format control is present).
If the operation is STOP with
message,
or
PAUSE,
routine IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH calls the supervisor.
This flow
is outlined in Figure 17. For each direct
access or sequential read/write request,
the compiler-generated code issues multiple
calls to IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH:
an initial
call, one call for each item (either variable or array) in the I/O list, and a final
call.
Thus, the FORTRAN statement READ
(23,lOO)Z,Y,X results in five consecutive
calls to IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH.
COMPILERGENERATED OBJECT CODE
DEFINE
FILE
all other
NAME LIST
READ/WRITE
'10 ieQuasts
iHCFCvTH
IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH
interprets
request
sequential
READ, WRITE,
BACKSPACE,
REWIND,
ENDF I LE
access
READ,
WRITE,
FIND
IHCDIOSEI
I HCE DIOS saves
DEFINE FILE data;
submits i/O request
to data management
"'---
load module
write to
operator
(STOP and
PAUSE)
I HCF IOSHII HCE FIOS

submits request
to data fn3n3gemcnt
- - -
____ -
--,
- - "I
-I I
I I
operating
system
I 1
Basic Direct
Access Methods
Figure 17.
IHCNAME L
Interprets
request
converts
and moves
user's I/O
data
Supervisor
control Flow for Input/Output Operations

Appendix',
Basic Sequential
Access Methods
-If Form.t is present

- -For pre-formatting new data sets before writing user's data
Objeot-Time Library Subproqrama
217
DEFINE FILE
The
compiler-generated code branches
directly to IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS at
entry
point
DIOCS#.
This section takes the
address of the parameter list containing
the data set characteristics supplied by
the user and places it in the appropriate
unit assignment table (IHCUATBL) entry.
There may be more than one data set defined
per DEFINE FILE statement, in which case
DIOCS# loops through the definitions, placing the parameter list addresses into the
table.
If a data set has been
previously
defined, the new definition is ignored. If
the data set requested is sequential rather
than direct,
IHCERRM is called with error
condition 235 indicated.
If the data set
is the object error unit, IHCERRM is called
with error 234 indicated.
DIOCS# also places the address of the
section IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
that
handles
actual reads and writes--IBCENTRY--into a
fixed location in IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
in
order to establish addressability for later
branching.
If the user fails to place his
DEFINE FILE statement ahead of his associated
READ
or WRITE statement, this
address will not be available, and an error
condition will occur.
DIOCS# returns to the compiler-generated
code.
SEQUENTIAL READ/WRITE WITHOUT FORMAT

Initial Call
The initial call
is
to
IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH,
which
saves
END= and ERR=
addresses, if they are present,
in its
locations ENDFILE and IOERROR, respectively, and then branches to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS,
passing along the data
set
reference
number.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS uses this data set
reference number to consult the corresponding entry in the table IHCUATBL.
(This
table is explained in Figures 18 and 19.)
The
initialization
action
taken
by
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS depends on the nature of
the previous operation performed on this
data set. The previous operation possibilities are:
no previous operation
previous operation was read or write
218
previous operation was backspace

previous operation
file
was
write
end
of
previous operation was rewind

NO
PREVIOUS
OPERATION:
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
will contain the DCB, DECBs,
and other library
information to be used in
contrOlling
operations.
Space for the unit block is
acquired with a GETMAIN, and a pointer to
it is stored in the IHCUATBL entry.
(The
contents of the unit block are outlined in
Figure 20.)
mus~create a unit block, which
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS inserts certain standard values into the DCB in the unit block.
It do~s this by moving in a copy of a
nonfupctioning skeleton DCB, which specifies DSORG as PS, MACRF as (R,W), DDNAME as
FTnnF001, and gives addresses in IHCFIOSHI
IHCEFIOS for SYNAD and EODAD, and for
EXLST, which specifies the OPEN exit routine.
IHCEFIOSH/IHCEFIOS puts the data set
reference number into the nn field of the
DDNAME. This establishes for' the system
the connection between this DCB and the
user's DO card, which must have the same
name on it.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS now issues an OPEN
macro instruction, which merges the user's
DO information, and label information if
the data set already exists. When its open
exit routine (IHCOCBXE) gains
control,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS examines the DCB.
If
fields are zero, indicating the user has
omitted
corresponding
DD
parameters,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS inserts library default
val ues.
(These defa ul t values are stored
in the IHCUATBL entry.)
After completion of the OPEN macro,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
places
the
buffer
address(es) in the housekeeping section of
the unit block, and also in the DECB(s).
It also puts the DCB address into the
DECB(s).
If this is a read operation, it
sets the first byte of the type of inputl
output request field in the DECB(s) to
X'80', indicating the reads should be of
blocksize; if this is a write operation, it
sets this byte to x'OO', indicating the
writes should be of logical record length.
If the initialization is for a read
operation, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS now issues a
READ macro, with a CHECK,
filling the
buffer. If double buffering is in effect,
it also issues a second READ macro, to
begin filling the second Duffer.
(This
READ is not checked untilIHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
is entered the next time for this data
set.) Control is returned to IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH, along with address and length of
the data that was read
If the initialization
operation,
is
for
write
IHCFIOS?JIHCEFIOS simply teturns
to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
passing the address
and length of the buffer.
(The actual
write operation will not take place until
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH fills the buffer.)
PREVIOUS OPERATION--REAO OR WRITE:
case~
intb the buffer.

lliCEcot-.tH
I .. ~ped"C~
For an
array,
IHCFCOMH/
the process, einptying the
array element by element. After adjusting

it~
buffer pbinter so it pOints to either
ihe next data item or the hext ~mpty space,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH returns to the compilergenerat.ed code.
In this
the-data-set-Is-already-open and
~ne
unit block in existence. The DECB is set

to indicate the proper action (either tead
or write).
If this is a write request,
control is returned to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
with buffer address ana length. If it is a
read request,
the READ macru is issued to
fill the buffer, and the address and length
of the data that was read is passed back to
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
PREVIOUS OPERATION--B~~KSPAC~: The operation
is
the
same
~s
fo~
"Previous
Operation--Read or Write" de~cribetl above,
except that priming of buffer(s) may be
needed.
PREVIOUS OPERATION--ENO FILE:
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS must first close the existing dat'a
set,
and process a new one. To process a
new data set, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS increments
th~
sequence numher of the DDNAME field in
the old DCB;
for example, FT14FOOl is
changed to FT14F002.
Th OPEN procedure
described above under "NO Previous Operation"
is then followed.
(The libra:ry
assumes the user has a FTnnF002 DO card for
this new data set.)
The usual read Or
write procedure is used.
PREVIOUS OPERATION--REWIND~
The data set
has been-closed;-and-mustbe reoppned.
The
procedure is the. same as that dpscribed
under "No Previous Op~ration," beqinning
after thp creating of the unit block.
In all of the above cases,
IHCFIOSR/
IHCEFIOS
returns
to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
which saves the buffer pointer and length,
and then returns to the compiler-generated
code.
Second Call
The
compiler-generated
code
calls
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
passing
information
about the first item in the I/O list (its
address,
type, whether it is a variable Or
array, etc.).
If this is a read request
for a variable, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH takes the
proper number of bytes from the buffer and
moves them to the indicated address.
For
an array,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH repeats the
process, fillin9 the array element by element.
If this is a write request for a
variable, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH takes the item
from the indicated address and moves it
The
procedure is the sarueas for the

list item, with these exceptions.
When IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH is processing a read
re~ues~
ahd finds it has emptied the buffer, it calls IHCFIOSH/~HCEFIOS 'to issue
another READ mccro and refill it.
If
dOUble buffering is in effect,
IHCFtOSHI
IHCEFIOS passes the address of the other
bnff~r (after checking the READ
macro for
that buffer', and then iss.ues a READ macro
instruction for the buffer just emptied,
always keeping bne READ ahead.
firs~
When I HCFCOMH" I HCE'COMH' is processing a

write request and finds it has filled the
buffer, it calls IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to issue
the act-ual WRITE macro.
If double bufie'ring is in effect, IHCFIOSR/IHCEFlos passes
back the address of the other buffer.
Final Call
Fbr a ~ead operation, the main pro9ram
passes control to IHCFCOMR/IHCECOMH which
passps control on to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
If
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS finds that, for this data
set,
physical records are larger than logical records,
it
simply
returns
to
IHCFCOMH/IHCFCOMH, which returns to the
compiler-generated Object code.
If physical records are shorter than logical recordS, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS issu~s READ macros
until it reaches the end of the logical
record. This positions the devi~e at the
beginning of the rtext logical 'record, in
preparation for subsequent FO~TRAN RFAD
requests for this'unit.
For a wri te op~ration, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOlflH
gives dontrol to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
If the
data set is unblocked, or if it is blocked
and the buffer is full,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFlbS
issues a final WRITE maer'o.
System Block Modification and Reference

While
performing
its
fUnctions,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS may modIfy certain fields
of the current DCB:
Appendix F:
219
DCBBLKSI--IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS changes
this
field before writing out a short
block when RECFM=FB.
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS restores it after issuing the
corresponding
CHECK
macro.
DCBOFLGS--before issuing a CLOSE (TYPE=T)
macro to implement an ENDFILE
request, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS turns
on the high order bit to make
this look like an output data
set.
IHrFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
also modifies some
fields of the DECBes), in addition to its
initialization:
DE~TYPE
(byte l)--for reads, set to indicate a read of blocksize:

for
writes,
set to indicate a write
of logical record size.
DECTiPE (byte 2)--set to indicate read or

write when the previous operation for this data set was the
opposite.
DECLNGTH--filled in when a U-type record is
to be wr i tt.en.
In addition to referring to the DCB and
DECB(s),
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS also examines
tt;e CSW field in the Input/output Block
(lOB) to get the 'r"t-"'sidual count.
(The DECB
points to the lOB.)
By subtract i ng the
residual count from the DCB blocksize,
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS knows the actual length
ot the d"lta read into the buffer.
During their processing at unformatted

s>quent ial reads and writes,
IHCFIOSH/
IHCFFIOS and IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH check at
varjous times for a number of error conditions.
IHCF'IOSH/IHCEFIOS checks for the
following error conditions: the user's data
set reference number is out of IHCUATBL
range (error 220); he failed to supply a DD
card for the requested data set (error 219);
and he specified anything other than Variable Spanned
(VS)
records
(error 214);
IHCFCOMH/IHCCOMH checks each I/O list item
to see if it exceeds buffer size (error
213).
If one cf these errors is detected,
control is passed to IHCERRM.
If extended error handling is in effect,

control returns from IHCERRM to its caller,
which does the following:
220
conditions 219 or 220

IHCEFIOS
returns to its original caller at the
error displacement.
(The error displacement is 2 bytes beyond the address
originally passed to it in register 0;
the normal return point is 6 bytes
beyond the address originally passed in
register 0.)
condition
214
if user-supplied
corrective action is indicated or if
the
operation is a read,
IHCEFIOS
ignores the input/output request and
returns
to the error displacen~nt.
Otherwise, it changes the record format
to VS and continues execution.
condition 213 -- IHCECOMH ignores the
list item request, and any further list
item requests for this read or write.
If
an end-ot-file is detected when
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS issues a CHECK macro, its
EODAD routine gains control.
It branches
to the user's END= address if one exists.
If not, it branches to IHCERRM.
Without
extended error handling, this is a terminal
error.
with extended error handling, control returns to IHCEFIOS after error message and traceback printing, and possible
user corrective action.
IHCEFIOS T-closes
the data set, and returns to its original
caller at the error displacement.
If an input/output error is detected
when
IHCFI0SH/IHCEFIOS
issues a CHECK
macro, its SYNAD routine gains control.
It
issues a GETMAIN for extra space, and then
issues a SYNADAF macro, which puts relevant
information into the area.
(If extended
error handling exists,
IHCEFIOS has the
associated data set reference number converted and places it into
the
error
message--218.)
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS next asks
data management to accept the data in
error, and restart the lOB chain.
IHCERRM
is then called.
Without extended error
handling, the error message and traceback
are printed,
and then IHCERR~ branches to
the user's ERR= address if there is one,
and to the IBEXIT section of IHCFCOMH if
there was not.
With extended error handling,
IHCERRM goes to the user's option
table exit routine if there is one and,
in
any case, prints out the error message and
traceback. Then it branches to the user's
ERR= address, if there is one.
If not, it
returns to IHCEFIOS, which continues processing if the user supplied his own corrective action:
if not, IHCEFIOS returns to
the error displacement vf the routine that
originally called it.
SEQUENTIAL READ/WRITE WITH FORMAT

These operations are the same as for
sequential
read/write
without
format,
except
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH must scan and
interpret the associated format specification,
and control the conversion and movement of list items accordingly.
OPENING SECTION:
Upon return from the
initialization
section
of
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH begins examining the format specification, the address
of which is passed as an argument in the
initial branch from the compiler-generated
code. The format sppcification may be one
of two types:
one declared in a FORMAT
statement in the FORTRAN source program; or
an array that the user has filled in with
format information during execution (often
referred to as object-time format specification).
In the former case, the compiler
has already translated the statement into
an internal code.
In the latter,
the
format information exists in its EBCDIC
form,
just
as it would in a FORMAT
statement.
In the case of an object-time format
specification,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH must pick
up the array contents and process them so
they are in the same form as a format
specification processed by the compiler.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH does this using the TRT
instruction and its table TRTSTB.
and thpir
The translated format codes,
meanings to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH, are listprj
in Table 10.
In both cases,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH now
begins scanning the format information.
It
reads it -- saving the control information
-- until it finds the first conversion code
(or the end of the FORMAT statement). Then
it exits to the compiler-generated code.
LIST ITEM CALLS FOR READ REQ!:!ES:!::
When
IHC~COMH/
is entered for the first list
item, it determines from th~ conversion
code which section of the conversion routine IHCFCVTH to call.
It passes infor~a
tion from the format specification, (such
as scale and width), information about the
list item (such as its address)~ and buffer
address and length.
IHCFCVTH,
and its
associated subroutines, do both the conversion and the moving of the data from buffer
to list item location or vice versa.
In general, after a conversion routine
has
processed
a list item,
IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH determines whether or not that
routine can be applied to the next list
variable or array element (if an array is
being
processed).
IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH
examines a field count in the format specification that indicates the number of times
a particular conversion code is to be
applied to successive list variables or
elements of an array.
If the conversion code is to be repeated
and if the previous list item was a variable,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH returns control to
the main program. The main program again
branches to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH and passes,
as an argument, the main storage address
assigned to thp next list itpm.
Appendix F:
221
Table 10.
Format. Code Translations and Their Meanings (Part 1 of 2)
r------T-----------T--------------T----------T------------------------------------------,
\
\Code After I
I
I
I
\
\Compiler orl
I
I
I
\
\ I HCFCOMHI \
I
\
I
I Source \ I HCECOMH
I
\
t
I
I FORMAT1Translation\
1
I
I
Icode I(in hex)
IDescription
I Type
ICorresponding Action by IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH I
~------t-----------t--------------+----------+------------------------------------------~
I
beginning of statement
.1 control
I Save location for possible repetition of
1
I
I
Ithe format codes: clear counters.
In(
04n
I
I
I
I
I
la
06a
I
I
I
InP
I
Tn
I
I
108.
I
112n
I
nX
118n
I
,
I
'text'11Aw
or nH I
I
Igroup count
tcont~ol
(n=l-byte
I
value of
I
repeat count~ I
set to 1 if no I
repeat count) I
field count
(a=l-byte
value of
repeat count)
control
scaling factor control

column reset
(n=l-byte
value)
control
Isave n and location of left parenthesis

Ifor possible repetition of the format
I codes in the group.
I
I
I
I
ISave! for repetition of format code that
I follo"s.
I
I
,
ISave ~ for use by F, E, and.O conversions.
I
IReset current position within record
IDth column qr byte.
skip or blank control

(n=i-byte
value)
1
I
literal data I control
I Skip U characters of an input record, or

linsert D blanks in an output record.
I
I
IMove ~ characters from an input record to
I the FORMAT statement, or ~ characters from
Ithe FORMAT statement to an output record.
~------~-----------~--------------~----------~------------------------------------------~
I~~:
is a l-byte value of n, if n was positive: if negative, it is the value plusl
I
128(decimal).
I
w = i-byte value of field width.
Il ________________________________________________________________________
d = 1-byte value of number of digits after the decimal point.
222
I
I
I
~--------------J
Table 10.
Format Code Translations and Their Meanings (Part 2 of 2)
r------T-~---------T-----~--------T-----~----T----------------------------------~-------l
Icode After
i i i
I
I
1Compiler or 1
1
IIHCFCOMH/
I
ISourcelIHCECOMH
I
I FORMAT I Translation I
1Code
I (in hex)
I DfC'script ion
I
I
I
I
I
.
I
I Type
1Correspondinq Act ion by IHCFCOr-'H/ I HcEC()MH
~------+-----------+--------------+----------+------------------------------------------i
IF-w.n
IEw.d
IDw.d
IIw
!Aw
IGw.d
iOA
10C
10E
110
w.diI--convers~on
IE-convers~on
w.d
w.d
w
114 w
lA-conversion
tZ w
120 w.d
j16 w
124 w
IG-conversion
IL-conversion
IZ-conversion
IconverS10nlJtem and the buffer-- to the appropriate

Iconversionlsection of IHCPCVTH fnr conversion.
jconversionl
Iconversionl
Iconversion!
Iconversionl
I
Il
11C
Igroup end
Icontrol
I
I
I
,LW
'I
I
I
I
lIE
I
1
1
I
1
I
"
' I
I
I
I
I
r------L--- --------. _1.-_ - - - - - - I~_~~~:
I
I
I
1
1
I
I
ITest group count.

If it is greatf'r thanl
11,
repeat format cories in qroup; otfl('r-I
I
,wise, continue to procf'ss FORMAT statel1lPnt 1
I
,from current rosition.
I
I
I
I
I
'record f"nd
I control
I InpUt or output one record us inq IHCFIOSH/ I
i l l IHCEFIOS/
and
READ/WRITE
rnacrnl
1
1
I instruction.
I
I
I
I
!
If'nn of
Icontrol
/If no I/O list items remain to he
I
I ~~tdtf'mpnl
I
I transmitted, return control to load module I
I
I
Ito link to the closing section; if 1/01
I
I
Ilist items remain,
n'cHl
or write nnpl
I
I
I record using input/output
inU'rface rindl
I
I
I the READ/WRI'I'E macro i n~; t r Ilcti on.
Repeat I
I
I
Iformat code~; from lost pc1rpnthf~)is.
I
' I
1
1
'I1
ID-converslon
II-conVersion
Iconvers~onIIHcFcOMH/IHCECOMH Pd~~:,es the values of ~,

Iconvers~onl~ and E --plus information about thp list
----~_
- _______ -
__________________________________________
is it l-byt' vidllP of !!, it !! W<1,; positive; if nf'gdtivp, it i" t_hf' value plusl
128(decimaU.
I
w ~ I-byte value of field width.
I
d = I-byt~ Vo lup of numhf'r of digi t~; after thp decimal point.
I
l _____________________________________________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _____________ J
If the conversion code is to bf> repE='ated

and if an array is
bf>inq
processed,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH computes the main storage
addrf>ss of
the next elemf"nt in the array.
The conversion routine that processed the
previous element is then qiven control.
This procedure is repeated until either all
the array elements associated with a
specific conversion code are processed or end
of logical record is detected (error 212).
In the latter case, control is passed to
IHCERRM.
If the conversion codf> is not to be
repeated,
control is passed to the scan
portion of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to continue
the scan of the format specification.
If
the scan portion determines that a group of
conversion codes is to be repeated,
the
conversion routines corresponding to those
codes are applied to the next portion of
the input data.
This procedure is repeated
until either thf> qroup count is exhausted

or thp input drtta for thf> READ statement is
f"xhausted.
If a group of convprsion codes is not to
be repeated and it the end of the format
specification is not encountf>red, the next
format code is obtained.
For a control
type code,
control is passed to the associated control routine to perform the indicated operation.
For a conversion type
code,
control is returned to the compilergenerated code if the previous list item
was a variable.
The compiler-generated
code again branches to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
and
passes,
uS
an argument,
the main
storage address assigned to the next list
item.
Control is then passed to the conversion routine associated with the new
conversion code.
The conversion routine
then processes the data for this list item.
If the data that was
just converted was
Appendix F:
223
placed into an element of an array and if

the entire array has not been filled,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH computes the main storage
address of the next element in the array
and passes control to the conversion routine associated with the new conversion
code. The conversion routine then processes the data for this array element.
If,
in the midst of its processing,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH finds that it has emptied
the buffer it calls IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to
issue another READ macro instruction.
If the scan portion encounters the end
at th~ format specification and if all the
list items are s~tisfiedf control returns
to th~ next sequential instruction within
the compiler-generated code. This instruction (part of the calling sequence to
IHCFcnMIVIHcECOMH) branches to the closing
!H'C t luna
If
all the 1 ist items are not
sdti;itieri, control is passed to the inputl
outl->ut
interface to read
(via the READ
macro instruction) the next input record.
LIST ITEM
CALL~;
FOR
WRITE
REQUEST:
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH processing is similar to
that for a read request.
The main difference is that the conversion routines
obtain data from the main storage addresses
assiqned to the list items rather than from
an input buffer.
The converted data is
them transferred to an output huf fer.
If
all the list items have not been converted
and transferred prior to the encounter of
the elld of the format specification, control is passed to the IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
rout 1 ne.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS wr i tes
(via
the Wid TE macro ins trllction)
the contents
of Uw current output buffer onto the output J ,1 t a set.
Formattinq control tor the remaining
items is then resumpri at the group
count of the left parenthpsis corp'sponding
to the last preceding right pdrpnthesis,
or,
if none exists,
from thp fir~t left
parpnt_hesis.
li~;t
If IHC'FCOMH/ItlCECOMH rletects drl error in

the format specification (condition 211),
it
calls IHCERRM.
Standard corrective
action in the case of extended error handling is to treat the invalid character as a
terminal right parenthesis and continue
execution.
CLOSING SECTION:
If the operation is a
read- request;- the closing section simply
returns control to the main program to
continue execution.
If the operation is a
write requiring a format, the closinq section branches to the
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
routine.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS writes (via the
WRITE macro instruction)
the contents of
the current
input/output
buffer
(the
final record onto the output data set.
224
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS then returns control to

the closing section. The closing section,
in turn, returns control to the compilergenerated code.
DIRECT ACCESS READ/WRITE WITHOUT FORMAT

Unformatted
reading and writing for
direct access data sets is handled by
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
and IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS.
The procedure is similar to that
for
sequential
data
sets.
The compilergenerated Object code
calls
IHCFCOMHI
IHCECOMH once for initialization, once for
closing, and once in between for each item
(variable
or array)
in the I/O list.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH calls IHCDIOSElIHCEDIOS
once for initialization, once for closing
(if it is a write request),
and as many
times in between as the input/output data
requires. The actions of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
are
identical to those for sequential
unformatted read and write operations. The
only exception is that IHCDIOSH/IHCEDIOS is
called in place' of IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
Initialization Branch
When IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS is given control,
it checks the entry in IHCUATBL corresponding to the indicated data set reference
number to see if the data set has been
opened.
If not,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS constructs a unit block for that data set in
an area acquired by a GETMAIN, and places a
flointer to it in the IHClJATBL entry.
(This
Ilnit block,
which is slightly different
from ones created by IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS, is
diagrammed in Figur p 21.)
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIO~
next reads the Job
File Control Block (JFCB)
via a RDJFCB
macro instruction. The appropriate fields
in the JFCB are examined to determine if
the user included a request for track
overflow and a BUFNO subparameter in his DD
statement for this data set.
If he did,
they are inserted into the DCB skeleton in
the unit block.
If BUFNO was not included
or was other than 1 or 2, a value of 2 is
inserted in the DCB skeleton.
IHCDIOSEI
IHCEDIOS next examines the data set disposition field of the JCFB.
If the data set
is new and the requested operation is a
write,
IHCDIOSElIHCEDIOS must first format
the data set before it can do the actual
writing.
FORMATTING
A NEW DATA SET:
IHCDIOSEI
IHCEDIOS modifies---the-~Fca--so that the
disposition is old, and fills in the following fields in the DCB in the unit block:
CB2:i~!9
BUFNO
NCP
DSORG
MACR
OPTCD
DDNAME
se~~ing_Qf_!i~!~Q~for~-2~~~
X' 02'
X'02'
Two buffers
Two DECBs
X:40=
Set for DSORG=PS
X'0020'
Normal BSAM WRITE
Set to X'OO' or X'20'
depending upon whether
chained scheduling was not
or was specified on the DD
card as obtained from the
JFCB.
Set to FTnnF001, where Inn'
is the DSRN.
Then an OPEN macro instruction, using BSAM,

is issued
(TYPE=J).
The record length
field,
buffer
address
field,
and DCB
addr.ess field are filled
in the DECB's.
Then IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS issues sufficient
WRITE
macro
instructions
for
fixed
llIib I f)C kt-~d
blank recor.ns
to fonnat
thf>
track (s)
Record length and number speci-
fications are taken from the DEFINE FILE
rarametpr list pointed to by IHCUATEL.
The TRBAI.. field
is llsed during B~;AM
wflting
to calculatf> whether there is
enough room on the track
for additional
records after
it has written the required
numher of
fixed-length records.
If the
track is not full, data management does not
create an RO
record ann th" as utilities
cannot proces~:; thp data SE't.
Therefore, if
the track is not full, the
library writes
as many extra
records as necessary until
the track is complete.
The data set is then closed.
The DCB is
modified in the following way in order that
it may be re-opened for EDAM and the actual
writing.
~g_Ii~19
NCP
DSORG
MACR
MACR ..
OPTCD
New S~~~!~g_!~E BD~i-Q~~~

X'OO'
Reset for BDAM
X'02'
DSORG=DA
EDAM update
and check
X' 28'
EDAM WRITE by ID
BDAM rplativp
X'Gl'
block addrE'ss.
The procedure then is the same

an old data set (see below).
as
opening
~~!~~:
Upon initial branch,

IHCDIOSE/
IHCEDIOS does no writing at this ti~e,
but only fills the bllffer witt. zpros
and passes buffer adjress and buffer
length back to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH so the
latter may begin moving
in the
list
i terns.
Read:
Upon
initiAl branch, IHCr~\I()~;E/
IHCEDIOS gpts t hp re la ti V' record number requested by the
use{,
which has
been passed along by IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIO~
examinps thp buffer
to see if the record is already present.
(This will be th( ca~iP if thf>
user oreviouslv TPf1IlPC;tPr1 rl
FIND
fr,y
this record: )
'I f
nul
plese nt ,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS issues a
READ macr'
and,
in ei ther case issues a CHECY_
After updating the associated varla~]~
in the parameter Ijst to POlllt tu f)-V
record following thp nne
just
r~ad,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS rf'turns to IHCFCOMfU
IHCECOMH, passinq the buffer addrpss
and length.
WRITE OPERATION:
When IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
has-iTlled-the-Fiuffer with list items,
il
hranches to IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS indicating a
write request.
IHCDI00E/IHCE[lIOS obtains
the relative record number from the parameter
list passed along
by
IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH,
and writes the record out via a
WRITE macro instruction.
It updates the
associated variahlp in thp p~rameter ligt
to point to ttlf' rpcord
followinq the one
just written.
If ~;inqle bufferinq is beinq
used,
it che(~ks the write and ret.urns to
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMB.
If double buffering is
bei ng used,
Lt
post pones thp check until
its next call, anrl returns the address of
the other buffer to IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
READ OPERATION:
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS handles
any further read
requests from IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH exactly as for the first (without
checking for the data set being open).
OPENING A DATA SET WHOSE DISPOSITION IS

OL5:--The data set is-opened~or-BDAM~-Wrth
the UPDAT option.
In its open exit routine,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS supplies default
values (from the IHCUATBL entry) for those
omitted by the user.
After the open,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS inserts into the DECB's
the addressees)
of the buffer(s) obtained
during control block opening.
WRITE OPERATION:
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
buffer.
After doing this, or if the data set is

already opened, IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS performs
the following actions:
READ OPERATION:
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
to
the compiler-generated code
calling IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS.
Final Branch
Appendix F:
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH calls
to write out the final
returns
without
225
READ AND WRITE USING NAMELIST

If IHCDIOSElIHCEDIOS detects an inputl
output error condition,
it performs in a
mannpr similar to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
by
issuing a SYNADAF macro, using the resultant information to build a 218 error
message, and passing control to IHCERRM.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS
one time or another
conditions:
will also identify at

the following error
231--the data set indicated by the

caller is sequential rather than
direct.
232--the record number requested is
out of data set range.
233--the
indicated
record
length
exceeds 32K-1.
236--the read requested is for an
uncreated data set.
237--the specified record length is
incorrect.
In all these cases, IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS sets
up the er~or message data and passes control to IHCERRM.
DIRECT ACCESS READ/WRITE WITH FORMAT

Requests for direct access reads and
writes with format are handled by IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH, with the assistance of IHCDIOSEI
IHCEDIOS and IHCFCVTH.
The actions of
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS are exactly the same as
for unformatted direct access reads and
writes. The actions qf IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
are exactly the same as for sequential read
and write requests with format, except it
calls
IHCOIOSElIHCEDIOS
instead
of
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
FIND
Implementation of the FIND statement is
very similar to implementation of the opening branch for a direct
access
read
(explained above).
Control is passed from
the compiler-generated code to IHCFCOMH/
I HCECOMH
and
on to IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS.
IHCOIOSE/IHCEOIOS opens the data set if
need be, and then checks to see if the
record is already in the buffer. If it is,
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS updates the associated
variable.
If not, it issues a ~EAD macro.
Then it returns through IHCFOOMH/IHCECOMH
to the compiler-generated code. This READ
begins filling the buffer.
It is not
checked until the next entry to IHCOIOSEI
IHCEDIOS for this data set.
226
Namelist reading and writing is handlej

by
IHCNAMEL,
with
the assistance of
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
and
IHCFCVTH.
The
compiler-generated
object code branche~
only once to IHCNAMEL (to entry point
FRONL. for reads and to entry point FWRNL~
for writes), passing the address of the
namelist dictionary containing the user'3
specifications.
I HCNAMEL uses this dictionary information to direct its operations, calling IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to do the
actual reading or writing, and the appropriate sections of IHCFCVTH to convert data
and move it from buffer to user area or
vice versa.
From the point of view of IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS and IHCFCVTH, a namelist read or
write is no different than any other formatted sequential read/write
operation.
IHCNAMEL calls IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS once to
initialize the data set and once to close
it, and as many times in between to read or
write as the na~elist data req~ires.
IHCNAMEL calls I HCFCVTH as many times as
the namelist data requires.
The namelist dictionary, which is the
compiled version of the user's NAMELIST
statement, consists of a 2-word namelist
name field (right-justified and padded to
the left with blanks), and as many entries
as there were items in the NAMELIST definition. There are two types of entries: one
for variables, and one for arrays. They
are illustrated in Section 1, "Namelist
Tables."
IHCNAMEL first stores the END= and ERR=

addresses, if they exist, in the proper
locations in IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH. This makes
them available to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS and
IHCERRM if end-of-file or an input/output
error occur.
IHCNAMEL searches through the data read
by IHCFIOSHlIHCEFIOS looking for the namelist name that is located in the dictionary.
When it locates the namelist
name,
it picks up the next data item.
It
now
searches
through
the
dictionary
entries, looking for a matching variable or
array name.
When the name is located,
IHCNAMEL obtains the associated specification information in that entry.
Processing of the constant in the input
data now begins. Each initialization constant assigned to the variable or an array
element is obtained from the input record.
The
appropriate
conversion routine is
selected accordino ~n the type of the
variable or array element.
Control is then
passed to the conversion routine to convert
the constant and to enter it into: its
associated variable or array element.
Note:
One
constant is required for a

nQmber of constants equal to
the number of elements in the array is
required for an array.
A constant may be
repeated for successive array elements if
appropriately
specified
in
the input
record.
variable~
Error Conditions
IHCNAMEL calls IHCERRM if it cannot find
a name in the dictionary (error 222), if a
name exceeds permissible length (221), if
it cannot locate the required equal sign in
the input data (223), or' if a subscript is
included f()r i'i variahle or is out of riinnp
for a n a r ray (2 2 4)
- - - -- -.
OJ -
STOP AND PAOSE (WRITE-TO-OPERATOR)
The process is repeated for the second

and subsequent names in the input record.
When an entire record has been processed,
the next record is read and processed.
Processing is terminated upon recognition of the &END record. Control is then
returned to the calling routine within the
load ",odule~
IHCNAMEL takes the namelist name from

dictionary, puts it in the buffer, and
hd~; IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS write
it out.
The
[lrocf's3inq of
thf-- vi'iriables and arrays
li:,tf'd in the dictionary then begins.
Control is passed by the

compilergenerated code to the FSTOP section of
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
This section determines
if there is a user message attached.
If
not,
it simply branches to the IBEXIT
section of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to terminate
load module execution.
If there is a
message, the FSTOP section issues the message to the console via SVC 35.
It then
branches to the IBEXIT section to terminate
load module execution.
th~'
The tirst variahle or array name in the

dictionary is moved to an output buffer
followed by an equal sign.
The appropriate
conversion routine is selected according to
the type of variable or array elements.
Cant ral
is
then
pas!"";ed to t,hp conversion
routine to convert the contents of the

vdriablp or till'" tirst array elf'ment and to
enter it into the output buffer.
A comma
is inserted into the buffer following the
conv0rted quantity.
If an array is heing
processed,
the contents of its second and
subsequent elements are converted,
using
the same conversion routine,
and placed
into the output buffer, separatt.'d by COlllmas.
When all of the array elements have
been pocessed or if the ittm processed was
a variable, the next name in the dictionary
is obtained.
The process is repeated for
this
and subsequent variablf' or array
names.
If, at any time, the record length is
exhausted,
the current record is written
the
normal
and processing resumes in
fashion.
When the last variable or array has been
processed,
the contents of the current
record are written, the characters &END are
moved to the buffer and written,
and control is returned to the calling routine
within the load module.
Control is passed by the

compilergenerated code to the FPAUS section of
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
FPAUS issues a SVC 35
including the user's message or identifier,
or "00000" if there was none.
It then
issues a WAIT to determine when the reply
has been transmitted.
After the operator
or terminal user replies, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
returns control to the compiler-generated
code.
BACKSPACE
control is passed from the compilergenerated code to the FBKSP section of
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
which passes control to
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
For unblOCked records, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
issues a physical backspace (BSP) to position to the de5irt~ record.
If 2 buffers
are used,
it must: backspace twice
to
account for having read a record ahead.
Before backspacing an output data set all
WRITE requests ar~ checked and an endfile
mark is written by issuing a T-CLOSE.
If
the record form is v, it reads the record
and examines the segment Descriptor Word to
determine if it has found the first seg-
Appendix F:
227
ment.
If it has, it issues another backspace.
If it has not found the first
segment,
2 backspaces are issued until the
first segment is obtained, in which case it
need only issue d final backspace.
For FB and VB records it must keep track
of the location within the block of the
record it wants.
For the case of blocked
records a BACKSPACE statement does not
necessarily imply issuing a physical backspace request.
A physical
backspace is
only required when the preceding logical
record desired is in the block preceding
the
block
presently
in
the buffer.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS determines the lenqth of
the ~luck read by subtracting the residual
count in t.he CCW from the DCB blocksize.
This information is used in calculating the
proper
logical record in the buffer to
satisfy the FORTRAN BACKSPACE.
Spanned
record:.., rndY n?qui n" s(~archinq hack. through
more trlan one physical record.
I
Cuntrol
HCECOMII,
is
whi ch
returned
n't. urns
to
to
ERROR HANDLING
The library is designed to
following error conditions:
handle
the
some compiler-detected source statement

errors
library-detected errors
some program interrupts
scheduled
termination
load
module
abnormal
some user-defined and

user-detected
errors (only if extended error handling
has been selected)
Library operations for interrupts and for
errors it detects itself depend on whether
the extended error handling facility was
selected at program installation time.
IHCFCOMH/
the
rna in
program.
The following library modules are

cerned primarily with error handling:
con-
IHCADJST
IHCERRM
REWIND
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
The
compiler-generated
oh;ect
code
passes control to the FRWND section of
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH, which passes control to
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
IHCFOPT
IHCIBERH
IHCSTAE
IHCEFIOS issues a CU)SE macro

with the REREAD option for the indicated
data set.
Thi~j hdS the efh~ct. of n~winding
it.
A FREEP(mL macro is issued to release
the buffer space. Control returns through
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to the main program.
IHCFIO~:iHI
IHCTRCH/IHCETRCH
IHCUOPT
In addition, IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH is used for
initialization, loading,
and termination;
IHCFCVTH is used for converting error message data; and IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS is used
for printing error messages out.
END- FILE
~ontrol
is passed by the compilergenerate-d object code to the FEOFM section
of IHCFCO~~/IHCECOMH, which passes control
to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
If the previous operation for this data

set was a read, IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS sets the
DCBOFLGS bit to duw~y a write operation.
It issues a CLOSF. macro with type T,
This
effects the writing of the end-of-file
mark.
(A 'T-CLOSE'
rather than a full
CLOSE is issued in order to handle any
subsequent BACKSPACE requests.) A FREEPOOL
macro is issued to release the buffer
space.
Return is through IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
to the compiler-generated code.
228
COMPII~ER-
DETECTED ERRORS:
IHCIBERH
When the compiler examines and translates the user's source statements, it may
recognize one to be faulty, and nonexecutable. At the corresponding location in the
object code, the compiler inserts a branch
to the library program IHCIBERH. The load
module then executes in its usual fashion
up to this point, when IHCIBERH gains
control.
If the faulty statement has an Internal
Statement Number (ISN), IHCIBERH translates
it into hexadecimal and inserts it into its
error message--230.
It also picks up the
name of the user routine containing the
faulty statement,
and adds it to the message.
After IHCERRM is utilized to have
the message printed out, IHCIBERH goes to
the IBEXIT section of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to
have load module execution terminated.
exponent
overflow
or
underflow
t-,as
occurred.
(These switches are referenced
by the routines
IHCFnVER and IHCFDVC!!.)
When extended error handling is not in
effect, IHCFINTH takes the following corrective actions:
9--nothing
l1--nothing
15--if the operation is 0.0/0.0,
the
answer register(s) is set to 0.0;
if the operation is X.Y/O.O
(X.Y*O.O),
the answer register(s)
is set to the larqest possitle
floating-point number12--the result register{~~)
i~ ~)2t to
the largest possible floating-point
number
13--the result register(s)
is set to
0.0; if the underflow resulted from
an add or subtract operation, the
condition code in the old PSW l '
set to O.
PROGRAM INTERRUPTS
Part of the library's initialization
procedure is to issue a SPIE macro instruction. informing thp system that the library
wishes to gain control when certain program
interrupts occur.
The SPIE,
issued by
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
specifies library control for the following interrupts:
6--specification*
9--fixed-point divide
Il--decimal divide
12--exponent overflow
11--exponent underflow
1S--tloating-point divide
The exit routine addres[, sp'cified for
all
of the dbove IS ARITH~, the beginning of
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH.
(If interrupts 2, 1, 4,
S, or 7 orrur for the 10a,1 module,
th('
system hegins abnormal termination processinq.
Codes 8, 10 and 14 are disabled when
the task gains control, so these interrupts
n(>vpr occur.)
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH receives control
from
the system, which passes the address of the
Proqram Interrupt Element (PIE) in register
1.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH
first saves the
Note that
for corrertiv~ ~rtions with 12,
13, and 15, it is npce,j,;ary for IHCFINTH tc
first determirH~ if the faulty
in,~truction
contains
single
or
double
precision
operands.
IHCFCVTH i~; calleci
(twice)
to conVf"rt
the error rne~~';dqP rontpntc;, and IHCFI(X;!l i;
callpd tu print it ouL
Then IHCFINTH
returns to the sy~;tpm interrupt hdndler,
and
10dd
module
execution f"_'vpntIJrllly
resumes at trw in::truction followinq
thf'
onp that Cdll~~prl the intprrupt.
When ~xt endHJ f.:,rror handl inq hi1:; hf'P:1
sel ecter}, HICE RkM i _; Cd lIed to dete rmi BP if
the user desires hi,; own corrective dction
for
system
saves
only 14-2 in the
PIE).
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH next examines the old
Proqram Status Word (PSW) in the PIE to sef>
if the interrupt was prAcisp or imprecic;f-',
and,
if the latter,
whether single or
multiple.
(Imprecise
interrupts
are
explained more fully in the publication IBM
System/360Qperating System:
sup~E~i~~~
and Data Manage~~~! __ ~rv!~~~,
Order No.
GC28-6646.)
This information is inserted
in the error message--210.
The specifir
interrupt type(s) is then determined.
Action for Interrupts 9, 11, 12, 13, and 1S

IHCFINTH/THCEFNTH sets the switch OVFIND
or DVCIND in IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to indicate
that one of the three divide checks or
*Issued only if the
boundary
alignment
installation time.
user selected the

option at program
tt1i~;
0YY(',Y-
('rhi,:
procc'ollrf
described in the ~;pction "Extended [rror

Handling" r,('low.)
If no user artion ic;
specified, the ,;tandard art ion~; descrl herl
above arp followed.
In either instance,
IHCERRM ha~; the f"rror message printed out.
When
d
,;peei f icat_ion interrupt has
occurred, IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH loads IHCADJST,
if not already loadf'd.
After preparing the
error mps~age,
it hranches to INCADJST
passing the PIE and other information.
There is a great variety of error conditions that can cause a specification interrupt.
(They are explained in the pUblication IBM System/300:
PrinciE!~~~L-2~E~:'
tion,
order No. A22-6821.)
IHCADJST is
designed to correct only one--the misalignment of operand data in core.
For any
other condition, IHCADJST causes an abnormal termination by cance~ling the SPIE,
Appendix F:
229
backing up the PSW pointer to the instru~

tion that caused the original interrupt,.
and returning to the system.
When IHCADJST determines that it has a
data boundary alignment problem to correct,
it calls IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH to have the
error message
(210)
written out.
Next
IHCADJST issues a new SPIE, for protection
(4) and addressing (5) excepti~~s, so that
if an interrupt occurs while it is trying
to fetch a copy of the operand data,
its
own
special section--PAEXCPT--will gain
control.
If one of these exceptions does
occur,
PAEXCPT calls IHCFINTH~IHCEFNTH to
have the error message written,
and then
causes abnormal termination as described
above.
For example', most of the mathematical routines c,heck to see if the arguments are
within specified ranges; IHCFCVTH, in some
cases, sees whether the data it is asked to
convert is actually in the form specified.
When a library routine finds an error,
it sets up a branch to IHCERRM.
If
extended error handling has been selected
for the library, this is a separate module.
If not, it is simply the entry point name
for module IHCTRCH (and module IHCERRM does
not exist).
Without extended error handling, library-detected errors are almost
always treated as terminal conditions.
Without Extended Error Handling

After IHCADJST has properly aligned the
data in a temporary storage location and is
ready to try to re-execute the original
instruction, it issues yet another SPIE
(overlaying the previous) for interrupts 4,
1,
9, 11, 12, 13, and 15.
If re-execution
of the original instruction is successful,
and the R1 field of the instruction reexecuted was 14, 15, 0, or 1, IHCADJST puts
the new contents of that register into the
PIE.
If the condition code was changed by
the re-execution, the new condition code is
put,into the PSW located in the PIE.
If
the instruction re-executed was a ST, STE,
or STD, the data is moved to the correct
location in the load module.
The original
load module SPIE is re-established,
and
~ontrol
is returned directly to the supervisor, rather than via IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH.
Note that the correction of data misalignment is only temporary; the permanent locations of user variables remain the same.
If re-execution of the original instruction causes a second interrupt, control is
given to EXCPTN in IHCADJST.
For code 1,
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH is called to have the
error message written,
and IHCADJST then
causes abnormal termination in the manner
described above.
For the other exceptions,
the original PIE is reconstructed,
the
original SPIE re-established,
an~
control
passed ba~k to IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH to process
this new interrupt in its usual fashion.
LIBRARY-DETECTED ERRORS
A
number
of
the library routines
examine their operational data for flaws.
.In the case of instruction misalignment,
when it is determined the next instruction
is also misaligned and will cause abnormal
termination just as well, the PSW pointer
is not changed.
230
IHCTRCH is passed the number of the

error condition and the message if one is
to be printed for this particular case
IHL~RCH's functions are to have
the error
message printed and, more significantly, to
create
the traceback map and have it
printed.
IHCTHCH employs IHCFCVTH to convert information to printable decimal and
hexadecimal format, and IHCFI0SH to do the
actual printing.
Then IHCTRCH calls the
IBEXIT section of the IHCFCOMH to terminate
load module execution. Condition 218 is an
exception if the user has specified an ERR=
parameter on his READ source statement.
In
this case, IHCTRCH picks up this address
from IHCFCOMH and passes control to it.
The traceback information printed consists of routine names in the load module
intprnal calling sequence, the ISN of each
branch instruction,
and each
routine's
registers 14-1.
In most cases, the map
beqins with the routine that called the
library module that detected the error,
then lists the routine that called that
caller,
and so on back to the compilerqenerated main program.
In the case of the
mathematical routines, however, the traceback map begins with that mathematical
routine detecting the error.
IHCTRCH gets
the map information by using register 13 as
a starting point and working its way back
through the linked save areas.
Because
some library routines
(e.g., IHCFCOMH) do
not use standard saving procedures, the
tracing can become rather complicated.
IHCTRCH terminates the trace when
finds it has done one of three things:
1.
reached
routine
the
compiler-generated
it
main
.Errors 211-214, 211, 219, 220, and 231-237

have only IHCxxxI printed out, without any
text.
2.
redched 13 levels of call
3.
found a calling loop
In the second and third cases, it prints

'TRACEBACK TERMINATED', and in all cases
prints the main program entry point.
IHCTRCH goes immediately to the IBEXIT
section of IHCFCOMH for termination if it
is entered a second time. This can happen
if an input/output
error occurs while
IHCFIOSH
is trying to print IHCTRCH's
output.
After using IHCFCVTH to convert the

abnormal termination code (either system or
user)
and the load module PSW into hexadecimal, IHCSTAE inserts them into its error
messaaes (240). and issues the meSSAaPS V;rl
WTO macro instructions. Then it ret~r~s t~
the supervisor,
indicating (with a 0 in
register 15) the abnormal termination is to
be completed.
Codes 0 and 8
With Extended Error Handling
When a library routine detects an error
and extended error handling is available,
it branches to the error monitor routine
IHCERRM.
The operation of this routine is
explained below in the section "Extended
Error Handling Facility."
ABNORMAL TERMINATION PROCESSING

When the load module has been scheduled
by the system for abnormal termination, the
library attempts to have any output buffer
contents written out.
During
load
module
initialization,
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH issues a STAE macro, specifying that if the load module is ever
scheduled for abnormal termination,
the
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
address
EXITRTN1
in
should be given control by the system.
When EXITRTN1 does gain control,
it
loads IHCSTAE from the link library and
branches to it,
passing along the system
input/output status codes it
received.
These are:
Code <in
Register 6)
Meaning
Active
input/output
was
quiesced and is restorable
Active
input/output
was
halted and is not restorable
12
No
active input/output
abnormal termination time
No space available
area
for
at
After using IHCFCVTH to convert the

abnormal termination ~ode <either system or
user) and the load module PSW into hexadecimal, IHCSTAE inserts them into its messages. Then, IHCSTAE returns to the supervisor,
indicating with a 4 in register 15
that a retry attempt (RETRY in IHCSTAE)
is
wanted.
When this section gains control,
it first issues another STAE macro instruction specifying a new exit routine, so that
in the event of a new abnormal termination
condition arising, loopinq will not occur.
Next, the system's STAE work area is tested
to see whether there is active restorable
input/output or no input/output active at
all.
If the former,
SVC 17 is issued
(RESTORE macro) to prepare for the resumption of the load module's input/output
activity.
In both cases,
IHCERRM is called to
print message 240 and a traceback map.
Before calling IHCERRM,
however, IHCSTAE
searches through the chained save areas
(beginning with the supervisor's) to determine whether or not the abnormal termination condition will prevent the traceback
map from listing the routine causing the
ahnormal termination; if it will,
IHCSTAE
appends a statement to this effect in its
error message.
If extended error handling is not in
effect, IHCTRCH (entry point IHCERRM) exits
to the IBEXIT section of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
IHCERRM returns to IHCSTAE, which calls the
IBEXIT sect.ion of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
The
IBEXIT section calls IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to
complete pending output requests--that is,
flush the buffers.
(This is the norwal
load
module
termination
process. )
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH finally returns to the
supervisor.
work
IHCSTAE looks at this code and determines which action it will take.
In the event of a second abnormal termination condition occurring, control is

given to EXITRTN3 in IHCSTAE.
No retry is
attempted.
Messages are issued via WTO
macro instructions, and control is returned
Appendix F:
231
to the supervisor
termination.
~o
complete
abnormal
EXTENDED ERROR HANDLING FACILITY

Three routines are centrally involved
with extended error handling operation.
'They are:
1.
IHCUOPT--the option table
2.
IHCFOPT--the routine available to the

user to reference and modify
the
option table
3.
IHCERRM--the routine that handles the

errors according to the option table
entries
In addition,
IHCETRCH is used to produce
traceback maps.
(When extended error handling has ~ot been selected, IHCFOPT does
not exist at all, IHCERRM does not exist as
a module but only as an entry point in
IHCTRCH, and IHCUOPT is only 8 bytes long.)
three
functions:
ERRSET.
and
ERRSAV and ERRSTR both first check to

see that the error number is within the
table range.
If it is not, they issue
message 902, employing IHCFCVTH and
IHCEFIOS
in the process.
ERRSTR also
checks bit 1 of byte 4 of the old table
entry to make sure modification is permissible.
If it is not, it issues message 903,
with the help of IHCFCVTH and IHCEFIOS.
Return is to the calling program in all
cases.
~~~~T:
ERRSET
also
modifies
table
entrles, but is more flexible than ERRSTR.
It is passpd either five or six parameters,
and takes the following actions:
Certain
values are inserted in the
option table at system generation time.
These original values are listed in Figure
25. The user has the power to alter some
of these values temporarily--that is, alter
the copy in main storage for the duration
of the load module--by using FORTRAN source
statements. All the library error entries
except 230 and 240 can be altered.
ERRSTR,
ERRSAV AND ERRSTR: These two functions are

quite simple. They dre passed an error
number and an address.
ERRSAV takes a copy
of the requested error number entry from
the table and places it at the indicated
address. ERRSTR takes the new 8-byte entry
from the indicated user address and inserts
it in the table, overlaying the"original
entry.
The error number:
The format of the option table is illustrated in Figures 22 through 2~. The table
is
referenced by displacement.
It is
sequential, but begins (after a preface)
with error 207--the lowest library error.
There is an entry for every numher from 207
to 301, although the library recognizes no
error condition for some of them -- e.g.,
239 (they are reserved for future use).
Thus, the entry for error 258 is
(258-207+1)x8 bytes into the table (allowing for the preface). A few library error
numbers (900-904) are not in the table.
ERRSAV,
a reference only.
~ __ ~~_!i~it_2~~-I2E_en!Ey_fi~!g-2~:
contents are moved in as is, unless the'

count is greater than 255, in which
case the field is set to 0, or unless
the count is 0, i~ which case no action
is taken.
~_~~~~~~~~~ __ Q~~~ __ f2E __ ~~~fielg
two:
contents are movpd in as is,
unless they are negative or zero.
If
they are negative, the field is set to
0; if they are 0, no action is taken.
Traceback_!~g~~~teg_2!_~~EE!~~Q:
if
1, bit 6 of entry field four is turned
off; if 0, it is turned on: if any
other number, no action is taken.
A user exit routine a~Q!~~~L_or ab~n~
thereotL __ f2! __ ~~~!Y __ f!~!~_ fiv~: the
value is moved in as is.
(Optional parameter) - Either an error
number higher than one--rn the first
parameter, or, if the first~!~me!~i
is error 212, a request for print
control:
in the first
case,
all
entries from the lower number to the
higher are altered as indicated: in the
second case, if a 1, bit
of field
four is set to 1, if not a 1, it is
set to 0.
The user's source statement requests for

referencing and altering the option~able
are handled by IHCFOPT, which is branched
to directly by the compiler-generated code.
IHCFOPT has three entry points for its
232
ERRSET checks to make sure that the error

number
entry or entries indicated are
within the table range. If not, it issues
message 902,
using IHCFCVTH and IHCEFIOS.
ERRSET also checks to make sure ~h~~ the
entry or entries permit modification.
If
they do not, it issues message 903 using
IHCFCVTH and IHCEFIOS.
monitor issues a m~s3ag~ reporting on thi

status.
and then returns to it5 orlglna
caller, passing the correction code.
1h
caller either resumes its normal processing,
or does it.s standard
correction
before continuing.
If the error monitor finds no user ~xit
address, it returns to thp cdllpr requesting standard correction.
The error monitor

following three cases:
is
called
in
th~
1.
When a library ~odule has discovered

an error condition during its processing (entry point IHCERRM)
2.
When the user's program has detecten

one of the user-defined errors (302899) and wishes to handle it according
to his option table entry (entry point
ERRMON)
1.
Durinq normal load module terminRtion

processing,
to give the error count
summary (entry point IHCERRE)
In the first two cases, the error monitor

consults the corresponding entry in the
option table IHCUOPT to determine what
actions it will take for this particular
error condition.
After using the error number passed to
lt to locate the corresponding option table
entry,
the error monitor updates the error
count field and compares it to the limit
field.
If the limit is now exceeded, it
begins the termination
process.
This
involves having IHCEFIOS print out message
900 and the error message passed by the
caller (if the option table indicdt~s it i~
desired), and having IHCETRCH producp the
traceback map (if the option table so
indicates>.
Finally, the IBEXIT section of
IHCECOMH is gi t1en control.
(The error
monitor may be entered again to give the
error summary.
See "Error Summary.")
If the error count limit is not yet
exceeded, the error monitor has the caller
error message and the traceback map produced (if the table so indicates),
u~;ing
IHCEFIOS and IHCETRCH, respectively. Then
it sees whether or not a user exit routine
is specified.
If it is, IHCERRM branches
to it passing along data supplied by the
routine
that detected the error.
The
nature of this data depends on the error
detected.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS: The error li'oni tor w111

not
allow recursive usage.
it is
enter~d a second time
before it!
ell rr "n:
processing ~~ finished, it iss~ps message
901 and begins the termination procedure.
The err'or monitor also cheLk~) f () tfidke :~ljt'i
th~ error number specified
is within the
option table range; if it is not, it issues
",essa ge 902.
The error monitor performs an ad~itionaJ
step when it finds the error to be 218.
In
this case,
after going to the user exit
routine if there was one,
IHCERRM detFrmines from IHCECCMH if ~he user has specified an ERR= address on his READ source
statement.
If so, IHCERRM branches to it.
For error 218, the error monitor issues
a FPEEMAtN macro instruction to free the
message area the calling routine acquired.
ERROR SUMMARY: The summary rout.ine (entry
IHCERRE) simply loops through the option
tabJe,
f indi ng those entries
for which
errors have occurred during load module
execution.
and putting the error numbers
and their accumulated counts in the message.
It w,es IHCFCVTH f or conversion and
IHCEFIOS for
pd fIling.
II
IHCEFIOS
identified
an error condition
object error unit, the summary is
~~t~n~~~.
ha::;
for the
skipped.
Error Handling Trackback--IHCETRCH
IHCETRCH pertorms in the same manner

lrlCTRCH, with these three exceptions:
dS
1.
IHCETRCH is called by IHCERRM,

rather
than directly by the error-detecting
routinf:>.
2.
IHCETRCH does not have the errordetecting routine'S message printed

out, since this is done by IHCERRM.
3.
IHCETRCH can also be called by the

user, through a source statement calling its entry point ERRTRA. A traceback requested in this way is not
necessarily connected with any error
condition.
IHCETRCH returns to the
user program.
The user routine is required to return

to the error monitor,
indicating that it
has
either performed corrective action
itself (a 1 in the first parameter),
or
wants standard library corrective action (a
o in the first parameter).
The error
Appendix F:
233
Table 11.
IHCFCVTH Subroutine Directory
r----------T--------------------------------------------------------------------________
,I
I Subroutine I
Function
~----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------~
FCVAI
Reads alphameric data.
FCVAO
FCVCI
FCVCO
FCVDI
FCVDO
FCVEI
FCVEO
FCVFI
FCVFO
FCVGI
FCVGO
FCVII
FCVIO
FCVLI
FCVLO
FCVZI
FCVZO
Writes alphameric data.

Reads complex data.
Writes complex data.
Reads double precision data with an external exponent.
Writes double precision data with an external exponent.
Reads real data with an external exponent.
Writes real data with an external exponent.
Reads real data without an external exponent.
Writes real data without an external exponent.
Reads general type data.
Writes general type data.
Reads integer data.
Writes integer data.
Reads logical data.
Writes logical data.
Reads hexadecimal data.
Writes hexadecimal data.
----------~---------------------------------------------------------------------------CONVERSION
MATHEMATICAL ROUTINES
Routine IHCFCVTH, the library conversion

routine,
is called by IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to
convert user input/output data under FORMAT
control, by IHCNAMEL to convert user input/
output data under NAMELIST control, and by
service routines (such as IHCFDUMP and
IHCDBUG) and error handling routines (such
as IHCERRM and IHCTRCH) to convert output
data into printable (EBCDIC) hexadecimal
and/or decimal form.
The mathematical routines are generally

independent of the other library programs
(except when they detect errors or cause
arithmetic-type program exceptions). They
perform their calculations, possibly with
the assistance of another mathematical routine or two, and return .directly to the
compiler-generated
code.
The internal
logic of these routines is documented in
the publication IBM S~stem/360 operatin
System: FORTRAN IV Li rarY--Mathematlca
eng __ !~!!! __ ~QE~Q~~~, Order No. GC286818, under the section "Algorithms."
IHCFCVTH is divided into a number of

subroutines (see Table 11'.
Each subroutine is designed to convert a particular
type of input or output data. The library
routine calling IHCFCVTH selects which conversion operation it wants, and branches to
the appropriate subroutine.
The calling
routine passes the address of the existing
data item, the address at which to place
the result, the length, scale factor,
and
decimal point location of the existing data
item, and other related information.
The subroutine then converts and moves
the data item, and returns to its caller.
The library contains a large number of

mathematical routines, and some service
routines. When a particular routine has
been requested by the user in his source
program (by entry point name), or when the
compiler has recognized an implicit need
for a mathematical function, it is branched
to directly from the compiler-generated
code.
234
SERVICE SUBROUTINES
!tlCFOVCH (Entry Name DVCHK)
The function of IHCFDVCH is to test the
status of the divide check indicator switch
(DVCIND--Iocated in IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH) and
return an answer in the location specified
in the call. This switch is turned on (set
to X'FF' by the library's interrupt handler)
when
it finds a divide exception has
occurred. IHCFDVCH inserts a 1 in the
calling program's answer location if the
switch is on, or a 2 if it is off The
answer location is the argument variable in
.Before checking the switch, both IHCFDVCH
and
IHCFOVER
issue
the special nooperation BCR 15,0, which drains pipe-line
models (e.g., Models 91 and 195)
to
ensure sequential execution.
the original FORTRAN statement CALL

DVCHK{arg). Its address is pointed to
Register 1 when IHCFOVCH gains control.
by
If the DVCINO switch is on, IHCFDVCH

turns it off (set to X'OO'); if off, it is
left off. IHCFOVCH returns to the calling
program.
IHCFOVER (Entry
N!m!-QY~BE1!
IHCFOVER testa for overflow and underflow, and performs in a manner similar to
IHCFDVCH. The Iwitch it tests is OVFINO -which is also found in IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
and set by the library interrupt handler.
OVFIND set to X'FF' indicates overflow has
occurred, X'01' indicates underflow, X'OO'
indicates neither. IHCFOVER sets the caller's answer location to 1 for overflow, 3
for underflow, and 2 fer neither.
If on, OVFIND is turned off; if off,
left off.
IHCFOVER returns to the calling
program.
they get the address of the integer output

section of IHCFCVTH (FCVIO) from IHCFCO~H/
IHCECOMH, and branch to it to have the
error message contents converted.
Then
IHCFSLIT branches to IHCERRM (see the section on library-detected errors).
If extended error handling .~ not in
effect,
IHCERRM goes to the IBEXIT section
of IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to terminate
load
module execution.
and IHCFSLIT, u~on
regaining control, finds the user did~no
special fixup. IHCFSLIT's standard corrective action is as follows:
SLITE:
SLITET:
no action at all
answer returned to caller is 2;
no switches are changed
IHCFEXIT (Entry Name EXIT)

IHCFEXIT simply branches to the IBEXIT
section of IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH, which then
terminates load module execution in its
usual way.
IHCFDUMP (Entry Names DUMP and PDUMP)
IHCFSLIT performs two functions:

sets
the pseudo-sense lights (entry SLITE), and
reports back to the caller on their status
(entry SLITET).
The four pseudo-sense lights are four
bytes in IHCFSLIT labelled SLITES.
These
switches are not connected with any system
switches, nor directly with any system
condition.
They are internal to the load
module, and have meaning only to the FORTRAN user, who,
employing IHCFSLIT, both
sets and interprets them.
SETTING THE SWITCHES: SLITE either turns
off all the switches (sets them to X'OO'),
or turns on one (sets it to X'FF').
When
the argument passed to it is 0, SLITE turns
all switches off.
When the argument is
1-4, it turns on the corresponding switch-that is, an argument of 2 turns on the
second (from leftl byte of SLITES.
TESTING THE SWITCHES: SLITET is passed two
parameters, the first indicating the particular switch to be tested, and the second
pointing to a location for its answer.
SLITET returns the answer 1 if it finds the
switch on, and 2 if it is off. If it finds
the switch on,
it turns it off; if it is
off, it is left off.
IHCFDUMP's function is to have

out on the object error unit the
contents specified in the call,
format specified.
The absolute
location of each request is also
out.
printed
storage
in the
storage
printed
The call parameters are in this form:

DC
DC
DC
AL4(Al)
AL4(Bl)
AL4(Fl)
DC
DC
DC
AL4(An)
AL4(Bn)
XL1'FF',AL3(Fn)
where A and B are addresses of the outer

limits of the storage to be dumped,
and F
is either the integer format number itself,
or the address of a location containing the
number. The specifications are:
ERROR CONDITIONS: Both SLITE and SLITET

first test their arguments for correct
range.
For SLITE, this must be 0-4; for
SLITET, 1-4. When an argument is in error,
Appendix F:
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
hexadecimal
LOGICAL*l
LOGICAL*4
INTEGER*2
INTEGER*4
REAL*4
REAL*8
COMPLEX*8
COMPLEX*16
literal
235
If the user passes any other number,

IHCFDUMP
chooses 0
(hexadecimal)
defa u1 t format.
The procedure is identical for
PDUMP, except for two things:
as
DUMP and
if DUMP finds an input/output corrective action routine is in process, it

functions normally;
PDUMP,
however,
instead of proceSSing, goes to section
ERR904 in IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH to print
error message 904 and to terminate load
module
execution.
(An input/output
corrective action routine in process is
indicated by the first byte of SAVE in
IHCFCGMH/IHCECOMH set to anything other
than X'FF'.)
clf tpr
normal processing, DUMP gOE'S to
t h.' I BEXIT section of IHCFCO~m/IHCECOMH
to terminate loan module execution;
PDUMP,
however,
returns to the caller
tor continued execution.
I HCFDUMP uses IHCFCVTH and IHCFIOSH/
IHCFFIO:;
to assist in its operations.
After
yptting the andress of
IHCFIOSHI
I llCEFI 0:;
from IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH, IHCFDUMP
bra n c tw :; t 0 i nit i ali z f~
for p r i n tin g
It
n.'xt
mov('~; d sect_ion to be dumped into the
IIlCFIO!,i\/IHCEFIUS buffer,
and determines
thf' foundt type requested It passes this
information to the FCVZO part of IHCFCVTH
('Z' output), for conversion.
Lastly,
it
branches to IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to print out
the 1inf..
IHCFDUMP loops in this manner
until it exhausts the calling list.
If,
during
the printing,
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS indicates it has encounteren an
input/outp~t error,
Illef'DUMP skips the remainder of its work.
IHCDBUG
has a single entry point-DEBUG#--which is the head of a branch
table.
This table is outlined in Table 12.
Table 12.
I DisI Branches I
Iplace- I
to
I
Iment
ISection I
is called by the
compi lergenerated cbiect code to implement most
uspr DEBue; requests.
Gpnerally,
IHCDBUG
assembles
dehug
information
and uses
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS to write it out.
IHCDBUG
may also have occasion to use IHCFCVTH (for
data conversion), IHCNAMEL (to produce D15PLAY requests),
IHCUATBL
(to obtain the
default object error unit number),
and
IhCFCOMH/IHCECOMH (in which to store user
reqisters).
.IHCFDUMP expects tl.e format type requested
to corrpspond to the format of the data in
main storage.
Therefore,
asking it to
print out an INTEGER variable in REAL
format,
for example,
will result in a
garbled dump.
236
I
Function of Routine
~------+--------+-------------------------~
I TRACE
I
IPass label of statement

Ito be traced
SUBTREN IPass subprogram

I entry
SUBTREX
name
on
Pass 'RETURN' on subprogram exit
12
UNI'!'
16
INITSCLR Pass data for initialized

variable
20
1
I
I
I
INITARIT Pass data for initialized

a r ray Eo 1 e me n t
I
24
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
28
Initialize
reference
output
32
data
number
set
for
IINITARAY Pass data for initializedl

array
I
I
Pass dat~ on
a rra y element
ISUBCHK
I
I
ITRACEON
referenced
Turn on trace switch
I
36
40
U4
I
I
I
4R
Il ______
IHCDB(j(~
IHCOBUG Transfer Table
r------~--------~-------------------------,
ITRACEOFF\Turn off trace switch
IDISPLAY IDisplay referenced items
ISTARTIO IBegin input/output

I
loperation
IENOIO
lEnd input/output
I ________ loperation
________________________ _
In addition to the 13 routines listed in

the branch table, IHCDBUG uses the following subroutines:
OUTITEM, which puts a data item into
OBUFFER
OUTNAME,
which puts the name of an
array or variable into DBUFFER
OUTINT, which converts an integer to
EBCDIC
OUTFLOAT,
which puts a floating-point
number into DBUFFER
OUTBUFFER, which controls the output
operation for DBUFFER
ALLOCHAR,
which moves a character to a
save area
FREECHAR, which extracts a character
from a save area
OUTPUT,
which transfers OBUFFER to
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS for printing
The following items in IHCDBUG

are
initialized to zero at load module execution time:
DSRN, the data set reference number
TRACFLAG, the trace flag
IOFLAG, the input/output in progress
flag
DATATYPE, the variable type bits
Whenever information is assembled for
output, it is placed in a 77-byte area
called DBUFFER.
The first character of
this area is permanently set to blank to
specify single spacing.
The next seven
chalaclers dIe the string--DEBUG--to provide a label for the output.
The functions
sections are:
of
the
various IHCDBtJ(;
TRACE
If TRACFLAG is
off,
control
is
returned immediately to the caller.
Otherwise, the charact~rs iTRACE t
dIE'
moved to DBUFFER, the section OUTINT
converts the statement numher to EBCDIC and places it
in DBUFFER,
dwi
control is passed to OUTEUFFR.
SUBTREN
The characters 'SUBTRACE' and thf' namp
of the program or subprogram are moved
to DBUFFER and a
branch is ma~e to
OUTBUFFR.
SUBTREX
The characters 'SUBTRACE .RETURN.' alP
moved to DBUFFER and a branch is made
to OUTBUFFR.
and places
a left ['arenthesis, the
element n1..lIr.ber <converted to EECDle by
subroutine OU1INT), anJ A right r~ren
thesi s ill :JBU FFEP t ollowi n'J thp (j r ray
name.
A
branch i~; tt:F'n nad., tc
INITARAY
I flO F LA Gis 0 r ; t h p
c h a r d etc r
is placed in DBUFfER, f ollowfd by t hr
address of the arqumpnt
li~t,
(:~ r ir1
A
branch is mrldF' to (lIn E~{Jf FP.
(. t.'t{'rwise,
a call
to INIT,L,FdT j;~ ,', nstructed,
and
thf'
rC"ltjr,.
1 ,-, F':
t h : 0 ugh t hat: cell 11m t i J
~. lJ
of thE' art a y r c1 V ( , i) E C n ~ . r:- (
j
SUBC'HK
The location of the drr"i E'lF'mcnt i.~
computed.
If
it
falls within tht
array boundaries, control js rE'turnpd
to the caller.
If it is
cutsidp tht
array boundarips,
SUPCHK places the
characters 'SUBCHK' into [lI:\UFFEP,
dnd
computes the elewpnt number.
OUTINT
converts this number into ERC[IIC ann
moves it intC' D8UF'FER.
OUTNAJv:E move:
the array name into on\JFFEk.
finally,
o lJ T rm F F R i~; call P rl
TRACEON
TRACFLl\(, j:; t 11 r ned on
(~;d
to nonzero), an'1 control returned to caller.
TRACEUF'r'
TRACFLAG is t u rnpd ot t (Sf't to zero),
and control rf'turnpd to callpr.
DISPLAY
If 10FL A(; is on,
UNIT
t hp chd ractFr~;
'DISPLAY DURING I/O SKIPPEO'
The unit number argument is placed in

DSRN and the routine
returns to it3
caller.
are movpd to uUTBUFFR.

othf' r wi se,
rl
callinq
;;equencp for
the
NAMEL1:)T
wr :i t.E'
rout ine
( 1 HCNAMI:,L)
is
cnnstructeri.
If
n:;HN i~; pqual t.O zpro,
the unit
number
tnr
;~Y[iOUT
(in
IHCUATBL + b) i~; U:;f'd d s the uni t pa:, sed
to the
tJAMELr~;T
writp r01ltine.
On
return from the NAMELI:;T writf',
thj:;
routine exits.
INITSCLR
The data type is saved, the location
of the scalar is computed,
subroutine
OUTNAME places the name of the scalar
in DBUFFER, and a branch is made to
OUT ITEM.
INITARIT
This routine saves the data type,
computes the location of the ~rray
element,
and (via the subroutine OUTNAME) places the name of the array in
DBUFFER.
It then computes the element
number as follows:
XXX=YYY-ZZZ)/AAA)+l
where:
XXX
YYY
ZZZ
AAA
is
is
is
is
element number
element location
first array location
element size
STARTIO
BYTECNT is set to 251 to indicate that
thp current area is full, the IOFLAG
is set to X'RO'
to indicate that
input/output is in progress, the
CURBYTLC is set to thp adrlress of the
SAVESTRl (where the
location of the
first main block will be), and the
rout.ine exits.
(Spp the discussion of
ALLOCHAR. )
ENDIO
The IOFLAG is saved in TEMPFLAG and
IOFLAG is reset to zero so that thL;
section may make debug calls that
Appendix F:
237
result in output to a device.

If no
information was saved
during
the
input/output, this routine exits.
If
information was saved,
section
FREcCHAR is used to extract the data
from the save area and move it to
DBUFFER.
FREECHAR does
this
one
character at a time until it finds a
X'15', indicating the end of the line.
It then calls OUTPUT to have DBUFFER
written out.
If FREECHAR finds a
X'FF', indicating a full array,
it
calls INITARAY to move the array data
to DBUFFER.
If no main storage or insufficient
main storage was available for saving
information during the input/output,
the characters
'SOME DEBUG OUTPUT MISSING'
are placed in DBUFFER after all saved
information Cif any) has been written
out. The subroutine OUTPUT is then
used to write out the message, and
this routine returns to the caller.
OUTITEM
First, the characters ' = , are moved
to DBUFFER.
Four bytes of data are
then moved to a work area on a doubleword boundary to avoid any boundary
alignment errors when registers are
loaded for logical or integer conversion.
A branch on
type then takes
place.
For fixed-point values,
the
routine OUTINT converts the value to
EBCDIC and places it in DBUFFER.
A
branch to OUTBUFFR then takes place.
For floating-point values, subroutine
OUTFLOAT places the value in DBUFFER.
A branch to OUTBUFFR then takes place.
For complex values, two calls to OU1FLOAT are made -- first with the real
part, then with the imaginary part.
A
left parenthesis is placed in DBUFFER
before the first call, a comma after
the first call, and a right parenthesis after the second call.
A branch
to OUTBUFFR then takes place.
For logical values, a T is placed in
DBUFFER if the value was nonzero:
otherwise, an F is placed in the
DBUFFER. A branch to OUTBUFFR then
takes place.
OUTNAME
Up to six characters of the name are
moved to DBUFFER. OUT NAME returns to
its caller upon encountering a blank.
OUTINT
This is a closed subroutine.
238
If
the
value (passed in R2) is equal to zero,

the character '0' is placed in DBUFFER
and the routine exits.
If it is less
than zero, a rrinus sign is placed in
DBUFFER.
The value is then converted
to EBCDIC and placed in DBUFFER wit~
leading zeros suppressed. The routine
then exits.
OUTFLOAT
This
subroutine calls th~ library
module IHCFCVTH to put the floatingpoint number out under G conversion
with a format of G14.? for single
precision and
G23.16
for
double
precision.
OUTBUFFR
If the IOFLAG in IHCDBUG is set,
indicating the library input/output
routines are busy handling some other
user input/output request,
IHCDSUG
must wait until the routines are free.
This means it must accumulate and
store its output data for the time
being.
To do this, OUTBUFFR calls
ALLOCHAR--once for each character in
DBUFFER, and one final time with X'15'
to indicate the end of the line.
OUTBUFFER checks the IOFLAG. If it is
not set, it then checks the input/
~~~put
corrective action switch in
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH.
If this switch
indicates an input/output corrective
action is in process, OUTBUFFER calls
the ERR904
section
of
IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH to terminate execution. If
there is no input/output corrective
action in process, OUTBUFFR calls OUTPUT for normal output processing.
ALLOCHAR
ALLOCHAR saves the data passed to it
in 256-byte blocks of storage obtained
by GETMAI~ macro instructions.
When
BYTECNT is equal to 251, indicating
the current block is full,
a new
GETMAIN is issued.
If no storage was
available, an X'O?',
indicating the
end of core storage, is placed in the
last available byte position,
IOFLAG
is set to full, and the routine exits.
Otherwise, the address of the new
block is placed in the last four bytes
of the previous block,
preceded by
X')?' indicating end of block with new
block to follow. CURBYTLC is then set
to the address of the new block and
BYTECNT is set to zero. The character
passed as an argument is then placed
in the byte pointed to by CURBYTLC,
one is added to both CURBYTLC and
BYTECNT, and the routine exits.
FREECHAR
This is a closed subroutine.
current character extracted is
If the
X'),',
indicating a new block follows the

current block, the next four bytes are
placed in CURBYTLC and the current
block
is
freed.
If the current
character is X'O?', indicating the end
of core storage, the block is freed
and a branch is made to the end
input/output exit.
Otherwise,
the
current character is passed to the
calling routine and CURBYTLC is incremented by one.
OUTPUT
If DSRN is zero.
the SYSOUT unit
number is obtained from IHCUATBL +6.
A call is then made to the initidlization section of
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
Upon return, OUTPUT transfers DBUFFER
to the IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS buffer,
and
calls the write section of IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS.
If IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
indicates an input/output error, IHCDBUG
iqnores the n:>~;t of the curn.>nt DEBUe.
reque"t.
when control is some:imes r.eturned directly

to the superVisor,
bypassing the above
procedure.
r----------------------~----------~-------,
,Unit number (DSRN)!

I
!
Ibeing used for curr'~nt I
I
I
loperation
I n 1 x 16 14 hytpsi
.--------T-------T------..L-T---------+-------~
i ERRMSG I READ I paINT I PUNCH I
I
1 DSRN2
I DSRN3 I D.;RN&t I DSRN5
14 bytes I
~--------..L-------..L-------..L--------+-------~
IUBLOCK01 field 6
14 bytP~'1
~--.---------=~
~------------------1--- -1
I' b."t.<!
IDSRN01 default valu2s 7
t------------------- - --.--------------+
ILIST01 field 8
~-------------------.
I
I
!
.--~- -. ~
14
bytP~,!
------------_ . _+--- - . - ~
I
I
I
,
I
,-------------_._-------------- .. __ . _._+.- I UALOCKn fie ld 6
!
I /j hyt: f',; I
r--------------------------- -------+--.- .. -. - ~
18 byte:: I
.-----_._------ -------------_. ------+_._- -- --~
IDSRNn defrlult values 7
ILISTn fieldS
Every compiler-generated program ends

with a
branch t.o thf' FSTOP s('ction of
I HCFCOMHI IHC[cot-1H.
Thi s ~;fct ion i~; i'! t_f'rminatlon procf'rlure that:
puts the return code passed it
into
register 15.
if extended error handling has been
specified, calls IHCERRM t~ have the
error summary produced.
calls
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
to
close
sequential files (IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS in
turn calls IHCDIOSE/IHC'EDI(J~; to close
any direct access filp~).
deletes IHCAOJST,
if
it
has
heen
loaded.
cancels the SPIE,
restorinq the old
PICA if there ~as one.
either
a.
b.
cancels the STAE and returns to the

supervisor if IHCSTAE has not been
loaded
(i.e., no abnormal termination has been scheduled)
cancels the STAE and issues an
ABEND macro instruction if entry is
from IHCST.-E
The above termination procedure is used

both for the normal end of load module
execution
and
for
most instances of
library-initiated premature termination.
The only exceptions occur in IHCSTAE,
14 hytf'si
~-------------------------~-------..L-------~
11n is the maximum number of uni ts that I
I can be referred to by the FOHTRAtJ LOA:) I
1 MODULE.
The size of thp l1ni t_ t.1hlf' is I

n x lb) bytp~.
I
12Unit number
(DSRN)
of error
output I
I device.
I
,3(Jni t number (OSRN) of input df?vice for <'\ I
I read of the form: READ ~,lis~.
I
I &tUn it number (DSRN) of out.put dev.i ce f or I
I a print operation of th form:
PRINTI
I Q, list.
I
1 5 Unit
",Imber (OSRN) of output device fori
I a punch operation of the form:
PUNCH I
I !!, llst.
I
leThe
UBLOCK field contains pjther <'\1
I pointer to the unit block constructed I
I for unit n'~her n if the unit is being/
I used at object time, or a value of 1 if
I the unit is not being used.
17This field contains DCB default values,
I which are inserted into the DCB if the
I user does not supply them. They are
I detailed in Figure 19.
Only IHCFIOSHI
I IHCEFIOS qets its default values from
I Lhis field.
laIf the unit is defined as a direct
I access data set, the LIST field contains
I a pointer to the parameter list that
I defines the direct access data 3et.
/ Otherwise,
this field contains a valuel
JI
IL _________________________________________
of 1.
I pqual to
Figure 18.
Appendix F:
(~
IHCUATB~~
The Data Set Assign-
ment Tatle
239
Table 13.
DeB Default Values
r------------T-----------------------------------------T--------------------------------,
I
I
sequential Data Sets
I
Direct Access Data Sets
I
~--------T--------T---------T-----T-------t-------T----------------T-------~
ddname
I
I
I RECFM1 ,
LRECL~
, BLKSIZE
"
I
I
I DEN I BUFNO , FECFM I
LRECL or
BLKSIZE
I BUFNO I
~------------t--------t--------t---------t-----+-------t-------t----------------+-------~
I FT03Fxxx
I
1 FT05Fxxx
I
I FT06Fxxx
I
I
1
I
1 IT 07 Fx x x
I
U
F
UA
1
1
, all others I
,800
1
I
I
I
)
I
1
I
"
80,
1
'I
133
1
1
"
80
132
1
1
I
80
80
1
1
1
2
2
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
IThe value
I
,specified as thel
lmaximum size of ~
1a record in the 1
IDEFINE FILE
1
I statelT'ent.
I
FA
F
F
I
1
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
U
,800
'}
2
F
,
2
t------------~--------~--------~---------~-----~-------~-------~----------------~-------~
1 1 For records not under FORMAT control, the default is VS.
I
I~For records not under FORMAT control, the default is 4 less than shown.
1
l _____________________________________________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _____________ J
<-----
<-----
2 bytes ----->
2 bytes -----> <- byte -> <- byte ->
<-----
2 bytes ----- __ >
r--------------------T---------------------T----------T-----------T----------------------,
,
not used
,
BLKSI ZE
1
RECFM
I
BlJFNO,
LRECL
I
l ____________________
Fiqure 19.
_____________________
______
----~----------~---------------
_______ J
DSRN Default Value Field of IHCUATBL Entry
r------------T---------T---------------T------------T------------,
I
ABYTE
1
BBYTE 1
eBYTE
1
DBYTE
I
q bytes 1
r------------~---------~---------------~------------t------------~
I
Address of Buffer 1
I
4 bytes 1
r---------------------------------------------------t------------~
I
Address of Butfer 2
1
q bytes I
r---------------------------------------------------t------------~
I
Current buffer pointer
(Note)
1
4 bytes I
r---------------------------------------------------t------------~
I
Record displacement (RErPTR)
(Note)
1
q bytes I
r---------------------------------------------------t------------~
I
Address of last OECB
I
q bytes 1
Housekeeping
Section
r---------------------------------------------------f------------~
Mask for alternating buffers
1
q bytes I
t---------------------------------------------------f------------~
I
DECBl ske leton section
1
20 bytes 1
I
r-------------------------T------------T-----------t------------~
1
Logical record length 1 Not used
1 LIVECNTl 1
q bytes 1
~------------------------~------------~------------f------------~
DECB2 sk leton sect ion

1
20 bytes I
r-------------------------T------------T------------t------------~
1
Work space
I Not used I LIVECNT2 1
q bytes 1
1
~------------------------~------------i------------f------------~
I ____________
88 bytes J1
I ____________________________________________________
DCB skeleton section
L
Figure 20.
240
Format of a Unit Block for a sequential Access Data Set
Note:
Used only for
varIable-length
and/or ~locked
records
~BYTE.
trhis field, containing the data
set type passed to subprogram IHCFIOSH/
is set
IHCEFIOS by IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH,
to one of the following:
FO -- Input data set which is to be

processed under format control.
FF -- Output data set which is to be
processed under format control.
Q~!!~.
This field contains'b1ts that

are set and examined by
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS during the processing of an
input/output operation
involving
a
backspace request. The bits and their
meanings, when on, dre as follows:
a physical backspace has occurred
previous operation was BACKSPACE
not used
data set which is to be

processed without format control.
end-ot-file routine should

buffers
OF -- Output data set which is to be

processed without format control.
4-5
00 -- Input
BBYTE.
This field contains bits that
are set and examined by
IHCFIOSH/
IHCEFIOS during its processing. The
bits and their meanings, when on, are
as follows:
o -- exit
to
subroutine
IHCFCOMH/
IHCECOMH on input/output error
input/output error
current buffer indicator
not used
end-of-current buffer indicator
blocked data set indicator
variable record format switch
not used
occurr~d
retain
not used
END FILE followed by BACKSPACE
not used
Address of Buffer 1 and Address of

Buffer 2. These fields contain pointers to the two input/output buffers
obtained during the opening of the data
control block for this data set.
Current Buffer Poititer.
This field
contains a pointer to the input/output
buffer currently being used.
Record Offset (RECPTR).
This field
contains a pointer to the current logical record within the current buffer.
Address of Last DECB. This field contains a pointer to the DECB last used.
~~~ __ for __~!!~r~!!~g_~~ff~.
This
field contains the hits which enable an
exclusive OR operation to alternate the
current b~ffer pointer.
DECB SKELETON SECTIONS (DECBl
AND
DECB2):
The--DECB-(data-even~controI-block)-skele-
CBYTE.
This field also contains bits
that are set and examined by subroutine
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS. The bits and their
meanings, when on, are as follows:
data control block opened
data control block not T-closed
data control
opened
buffer pool attached
"
da~' ~
not used
concatenation
READ
block not previously
ton sections are blocks of main storage

within the unit block. They have the same
format as the DECB constructed by the
control progrdm for an L format of an
S-type READ or WRITE macro instruction (see
the publication !~~ __ ystem/360 Operating
~2!~!!U..
Super'visor and Data Management
Macro Instructions, Order No. GC28-66"7).
The various fields of the DECB skeleton are
filled in by subprogram IHCFIOSHi the completed block is referred to when IHCFIOSH
issues a read/write request to BSAM. The
read/write field is filled in when the OPEN
macro is being executed.
set not previously rewound
occurring;
reissue
~qical_Re~Qrg_~!!qth:
This is the LRECL
of the current data set.
It is inserted by
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS
during its open exit
routine.
These fields
input/output
7 -- data set is DUMMY

Appendix F:
241
operation performed for the data set is

unchecked.
(A value of 1 indicates
that a previous rea~ or write has not
been checked; a value of 0 indicates
that the previous read or write operation on that DECB has been checked.)
Work Space.
This field is used to
align the logical record length of a
variable record segment on a fullword
boundary.
Bit
1
Meaning
error occurred
two buffers are being used
data control block for data

set is open for BDAM
4-5
10
01
DCB:
The fields of this skeleton for DCB
are filled in partly by IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS,
and partly by the system as a result of an
OPEN macro instruction by IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS.
r-------T-------T------T------T-----------,
I
I
I not
I not
I
I
IIOTYPE ISTATUSUI used I used I
11
6-7
I
RECNUM
I
4 bytes I
~-------T---------------------+-----------~
ISTATUSAI
CURBUF
I
4 bytes I
~-------~--------------------+-----------~
I
BLKREFA
I
4 bytes I
~-------T---------------------+-----------~
ISTATUSBI
NXTBUF
I
4 bytes I
~-------~---------------------+-----------~
I
BLKREFB
I
4 bytes I
~-----------------------------+-----------~
I
DECBA
I 28 bytes I
~-----------------------------+-----------~
I
DECBB
I 28 bytes I
~-----------------------------+-----------~
I _____ - - - - ____________________
DCB
I ___________
104 bytes JI
L
Note:
Subprogram
bits 1, 2, and 3.
STATUSA:
This field specifies the status
of the buffer c\lrrently being used.
The
hit~
and their mpanings when on ~re:
Bit
--0-
Format of a Unit Block for a

Direct Access Data Set
The meanings of the various

fields are outlined below.
unit
block
IOTYPE:
This field,
containing the data
set type passed to subprogram IHCDIOSE by
the IHCFCOMH subprogram, can be set to one
of the following:
format
FO
input data set requiring a
FF
output data set requiril"lg a format
00
input data set

format
OF -- output data
format
not
set not
requiring
requiring
242
Meaning
data control block for data
set is open for BSAM
Meaning
READ macro instruction has
been issued
WRITE macro
been issued
3-7
instr\lct~on
has
CHECK macro instruction has

been issued
not used
CURBUF: This field contains the address of

the DECB skeleton currently being used.
It
is initialized to contain the address of
the DECBA skeleton by the file initialization section of IHCDIOSF after the dat~
r.nntrol block for the data set is opened.
a
a
STATUSU: This field specifies the status

of the associated unit number.
The bits
and their meanings when on are:
Bit
IHCDIOSE refers only to
RECNUM:
This field contains the number of
records in the data set as specified in the
parameter list for the dat~ set in a DEFINE
FILE statement.
It is fjll~d in hy the
file initialization section after the data
control block for the data set is opened.
21.
not used
4 bytes I
~-------~-------~------~------+-----------~
Figure
U format specified in
DEFINE FILE statement
E format specified in
DEFINE FILE statement
L format specidied in
DEFINE FlLE statement
BLKREFA: This field contains an inteqeT

thar-rndicates either the relative positl0n
within the data set of the record to be
read, or the relative position within the
data set at which the record is to be
written.
It is filled in by either the
read or write section of subprogram IHCDIOSE prior to any reading or writing.
In
addition,
the address of this field is
inserted into the DECBA skeleton by the
file initialization section of IHCDIOSE
after the data control block for thp data
set is opened.
STATUSB:
This field snecifies the status
o~~ next buffer to be used if two
buffers are obtained for this data set
during data control block opening.
The
bits and their meanings are the same as
described for the STATUSA field.
However,
if only one buffer is obtained duri~g data
control block opening, this field is not
used.
NXTBUF: This field contains the address of
the -oECB skeleton to be used next if two
buffers are obtained during data control
block opening.
It is initialized to contain the address of the DECBB skeleton by
the file initialization section of subprogram IHCDIOSE dfter the data control block
for the data set is opened. However, if
only one buffer is ohtained during data
control block openinq,
this field is not
u~>pd
The contents of this f i~' ld are
n S ,lescr ibed for thf' BLKREFA
+ i,-'l,i.
I t i~ fillerl in eithr-r by the
rh.td
nr th.' write ~)f>ction of ~,\lhprogrnm If-lCnI()~JE
t,rior t.o any r-padinCl or writ inq.
In Cldcli~. ion, tht: addre~;s of thi~-; fi('ld is inspr-t('d
l.ntD the DECHIl !,kf'lpton hy t tiP filp initidlization sf'ction of IHCDIO:;r: dftpr thp rirlta
~'-mt rel block for t toP tin t.'l Sf't
i~;
o{lpnf'd.
lIow p ver,
if only one hufff-'r j:; ott-Ii nt'd
durinq delta (~ontrol t,lork (lH'ninq,
thi~;
b I..:XREFB:
[If>
;iu~
Rdl!1(-'
11!)t
ll:;f'd.
9ECBA ~IKELE'fO~:
This fif'Jd contnin~; th('
DECB (ddla pvent contlol hlock) !;k('letnn to
be u~ed whrn reading into or writ inq from
the current buftpr.
It i:-, the Scirnt' form dS
the DECB constructp:~ hy th(' control program
tor an L form of an S-typf' READ or WRITE
rnr-'cT,,:n:,trIlCric. n llnr1f>r BfJAM (~)pp ttlE'
putJli('at 10n Ir-M~stem/3bO Op!..'rdtir~~ y~Jtpm:
;>':~l2!.~ r v 1 ~o! _~~i ___ _Da t ~_!ia n ~g emen t
Ma c r 0
l!L::::'!J~~!::~~!!.~, (jrder No. (jC2A-b647).
1
described for the DECBA skeleton.

The
DECBB skeleton is completed in the same
wanner as described for the DECBA skeleton.
However,
if only one buffer is obtained
during data control block opening,
this
field is not used.
DCB SKELETON: This field contains the DCB
(data control block) skeleton for the associated data set.
It is of the same format
as the DeB constructed by the control
program for a DCB macro instruction under
RDAM (see the public~tion !~~ Syst~~l~Q
oper~tin9-_y~te~~_--2~Eeryi~Q~_ and
Data
~~~~g~~~n~_~~r2_!~~~ruct!2n)
<----------------8
bytes------------------>
r-----------------------------------------,
I
PREFACE
I
.-----------------------------------------~
IEntry for library error condition 207
~-----------------------------------------~
.--------------------------~--------------~

I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
I
I
I
~-----------------------------------------~
IEntry for librilry f'rror- condition 300
I
~-----------------------------------------~
I
t-----------------------------------------~
IOrtion~l
I
I
entry for user error condition
102
~-----------------------------------------~
,Optional entry for user error condition I
)03
rI -- --------------------;;
--------------------,I
,
I
I
,
Ttl .. ' various t if'1(~8 of tile DECRA skeleton

tilled in by the file initialization
~ect ion of s ubprog ram
IIICDIO;,E d f t er the
ciata c:c'ntrol block for t tH' cia ta spt is
n[)pnpd.
Thf' completJ>d DEcn i~; rpfprred to
Wh"~T1
lHCDIOSE i~lsues a read or'] write
rt=q'J(~st to
BDAM.
For each input/output
opl'ration,
IlICDIOSE supplies IIICFCOMH with
the addless of and the size of the buffer
to be used for the operation.
.-----------------------------------------i
IOptional entry for user error condition ,
DECBB SKELETON: The DECBB skeleton is used

when--rPading into or writing from the next
buffer.
Its contents are the same as
Figure 22.
rire
n-1
t-----------------------------------------~
IOptional entry for user error condition I
'n
(Note)
I
.-----------------------------------------i
INote:
The
,----
598 of his own
user can specify from none tol

error conditions; I
Il _________________________________________
thus n can be a maximum of 899.
JI
Appendix F:
General Form of
Table (IHCUOPT)
the
Option
242.1
<---------------- 4 bytes ----------------> <- byte -> <- byte -> <- byte -> <-- byte __ >
r------------------------------------------T----------T----------T----------T-----------,
Field One
Field
Field
Field
Field
I
IL __________________________________________ I __________
TwO
I
~
Three
Four
_________ J
~----------~----------~--
Five
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field
One:
contents
The number of entries in the option table.
user-supplied error conditions.
Two:
Bit one indicates whether boundary alignment was selected.

o and 2-7 are reserved for future use.)
Three:
Indicates whether extended error handling was selected.
Four:
Contains a decimal 10. This is the number of times the boundary alignment error
message will be printed when extended error handling has not been specified.
Five:
Reserved for future use.
Figure 23.
This is 95 plus the total number

l=yes; O=no.
of
(Bits
X'FF'=noi X'OO'=yes.
Preface of the Option Table (IHCUOPT)
1 1 1
<- byte -> <- byte -> <- byte -> <- byte ->
<-------------~--
4 bytes
---~-------- ______ >
r---------T----------T----------T----------T--------------------------------------------,
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field Five
lOne
Two
I __________
Three I __________
Four
I __________ ------------- _____________________ JI
L_________ I __________
~
Field
One:
contents
The number of times the library should allow this error to occur before
terminating load module execution. A value of zero means unlimited occurrence.
(Trying to set the field to greater than 255 results in its being set to zero.)
Two:
The number of ti~es the corresponding error message is to be printed before

message printing is suppressed.
A value of zero means no message is to be
printed.
Three:
The number of times this error has already occurred in execution of the present
load module.
Four:
0--
Bit
2
3
4
5
6
Five:
~~ninq
If control character is supplied for overflow lines, set to 1.

If control character is not supplied for overflow lines, set to O.
If this table entry can be user-modified, set to 1.
If this table entry cannot be user-modified, set to O.
If more than 255 errors of this type have occurred so that 255 should
added to Field Three, set to 1.
If less than 255 errors of this type have occurred, set to o.
If buffer contents is not to be printed with error messages, set to 1.
If buffer contents is not to be printed, set to O.
If error message is to be printed for every occurrence, set to 1.
If error message is not to be printed, set to O.
If traceback map is to be printed, set to 1.
If traceback map is not to be printed, set to O.
be
The address of the user's exit routine.

If one is not supplied (in other words,
if library is to take its own standard corrections), the final bit is set to 1.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 24.
242.2
composition of an Option Table Entry
1
1
1
(- byte -) (- byte -> <- byte ->
1
<-
hy~e
<~~~~~=~~~-------
->
4 bytes _____ ~~~~~ ________ >
r---------T----------T----------T---------T---------------------------------------_____
,I
I Field I
Field
I
Field
I
Field
I
Field Five
lone
L _________
I __________
Two
I __________
Three
I __________
Four
I
~---
_________________________________________ jI
;i~ld---;~~~~~~;------------------------------------------------------------------------.L_~_ 10, ~
~y,_~p_"0t"
__
fl""!
___
Y t:>
__
r_Yn
__
Y_c: _?OR,_?1,O, _::I.T"I."
__?1,_~,
~
and for errors 217 and 230, which are set to 1.
One.
_f"'_~_.L_
~_r
Two:
Set to 5, except for error 210, which is set to 10, and for errors 217 and
which are set to 1.
Three:
Set to
Four:
Bit
-01
2
3
4
5
6
7
TlJ
....
,rl-..,,..l-.
."11." ... ,, ..... """',,"
"' ..........
___ . . . .
"
,;;;;)~''-v
~ ....
'-
"
"
0'
v I\un.J..~In~Lea),
'.L
230,
setting
1, except for errors 230 and 240
o
o
o
Set to 1.
Note:
These system
entries.
Table 14.
o.
Fi ve:
Figure 25.
generation
values are also inserted initially into any user error
Original Values of Option Table Entries
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH Transfer and Subroutine Table
r---------------T---------------T-------------------------------------------------------,
Displacement I Branches to
I
I
I
I
from IBCOM#
Section
Function of Routine
t---------------t---------------t-------------------------------------------------------~
.FRDWF
4
8
12
FWRWF
FIOLF
FIOAF
FENDF
fRDNF
lb
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
64
68
opening section, formatted READ

Opening section, formatted WRITE
I/O list secLion, formatted list variable
I/O list ~ection, formatted list array
Closing section, formatted READ or WRITE
Opening section, nonformatted READ
Opening section, nonformatted WRITE
I/O list section, nonformatted list variable
I/O list section, nonformatted list array
Closing section, nonformatted READ or WRITE
Implements the BACKSPACE source statement
Implements the REWIND source statement
Implements the ENDFILE source statement
Write-To-operator, terminate job
Write-To-Operator, resume execution
Load module initialization
Load module termination
FWRNF
FIOLN
FIOAN
FENDN
FBKSP
FRWND
FEOFM
FSTOP
FPAUS
IBFINT
IBEXIT
l _______________ 4 _______________
I
I
I
_____________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Appendix F:
242.3
Chart
GO.
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH (Part 1 of 4)
:A".: .... "S ...

.
FRDWF
f'RONF
Al.~
SET IOSWF FOR

: FORMATTED INPU'::
........r::::::::---------::::::::i....,...
.AVI IND- AND'

'IRIl- Al)oRESSES
.
SAVE END- AND 0:

:!RRa ADDRESSES :
f,.
1
"
"
"
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'0
DIRECT
ACCESS DATA,
"
SET
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....... :
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OPEN I1F
NEEDEDI AND
READ
'0
es
.-------->.
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OPEN !IF
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.................
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NEEDEDI AND
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1< ------------- -----------
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t
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<-
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RECT
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o. 01
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,-------->.
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,
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.:
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,
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II"
C1
FWiWF
.................
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PI<OGRM:
...............
fWRWf
Fl" ,
SET J ()~WF FOR ,

fOMMATTt:O
.................
<- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - --- ------------- -----------.
()UTPUT
1
Gl , ' .

.:
G2
SCAN FORMAT
..................,:< __
'08ir,~~;JIME.: .~9 ______ >:si~r~~~b~~tbL
'0
'. '. .' . "
"'SPECIFICATIONS
YES
: H1 :
TRANSLATE
FOR""'T
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.----
,.
"
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.
H2 ,
"
'.
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"
rIO
CONVERSION
,.--"
CODE
'.
'. .'
. o.
r~
J2 .
...............
"RETURN TO MAIN'
:
PROG
:
Appendix F:
Object-Time Library Subprograms 243
Chart
GO.
A.l . . A2 .
FENOF
FENON
.
.
..
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.-
'SET 1/0 SWITCH _
........c:::::------ -:: : : T
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t I'
PUT OUT f1N.a.L '
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...............
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..... Fl.,
LN
: ,n
--- . _------------
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..... ".1.'::.... .
CLEAN-UP
.... 02
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0
..................
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....
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FIU.SH READ
- >,
I
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-RETURN TO MAIN'
J1
J(
...............
:RE.TURH TO MAIH :
.................
l ....
000.
->.o
Jl
0
0
Appendix F:
object-Time Library Subprograms
243,1
Chart
GO.
FSTOP
11.1
. ". ".
FPAUS
I.
. '. ...'
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0
o. I N FOREGROUND. 0 ________ >. ISSUE WTO MACRO.

I '
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: 81' :
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.................
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c. ....
.................
. ct'
'I8EXIT
1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
TERMINATE
EXECUTION
:WAIT FOR REPLY :
................ .
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'01
RETURN TO
SUPERVISOR
11..)&1 1
...............
.............. .
:~lTUMN Tv 1'111.1,4 :
.. f2.... ...... F) ......... ..
HOLF
HOAF
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'PARIIMt:TEkS FOR
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.<--------.
.................
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................ .
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1
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243.2
Mt5UI'IE SCII"
':.
'. '. coot. ..
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..................
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rES
lAS
'LOAD MODULE'. NO
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GO.
rWWND
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tA.,
IBlXIT
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.................
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...............
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liP!
Appendix F:
243.3
Chart
Gl.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS (Part 1 of 2)
OETEIIMINE OPEIlIITI'lN -!'(PI:.
'A 1
...............
fl'!{~:'
INITI1U.ItATION
REI\D
WI<ITI:.
DEV ICE MAIIIPULATION
FINAL CALL
:-------------->
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....
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'el
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.................
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o .. ______________
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....
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OF.
BlJfn.~
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l ... O. .
F~.
jo(
LAST OSkN
....
.
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.,
PROPEIILY
-----
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uUTSTANDINC;
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=::::=->l
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I'IE:>IJ~'
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OPEN DATA
CONTIIOL BLOCt-
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or.
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UNIT
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to
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to ~FH.)f.'ES:lE~
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loll< IT,
.0
.0.
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OR NE(,ATIV!:. . 0
---0.
o.
C2
01
------- ----- - - --- -- --
F'INlT
NOTE:
"ltilT
j' fl<EAO
fRITE
FCTR L
FCL(OS[
.................
It~
~ITU." fO
: CALL~r~iT Ell IIOR: <- -
Chart
Gl.
IHCFIOSH/IHCEFIOS (Part 2 of 2)
" 1*'
ISSUE ERROR
RETURN ABORT
'MESSAGE IHC21!1I' -------->:CODE TU IBC-OM' :
TO CONSOLE:
............... ..
L::- '-1
o'
B1
'0
, 'CURR!NT'
UNIT TH!
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0
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l' EXTENDED
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ERROR SIJMMAAY
................ .
NO
0'
. '. .' .
....
l . .
WRIT! LAST
RECORD
NO
.------------
YES
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--~
0
10
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.'
85 :
ISSUE CLUSE
WITH REl<i..A~
OPTION
I I
e"

ISSUE
ISSUl cWSf
"PP~()P~I"Tl
(TYPC=TI WITH
NUMBER Of BS!' t
LEAVE OPTION :
:
B~~~~~i~~r
:
.................
.................
'C~"""'"
RETURN
..... D)..-----1
.................
.................
*04
I/O
fRU
.... DJlI:,T Tnl
'~lC!'TR TO POIN1'
TO P~~CE DI N(,
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:
10
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j""
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. ,84
'01
- >' ..14
o'
EOF
I.
CTLRTN
.................
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BEEN
" CORRECTE!1,
EOFM
: 8] :
........ ...........
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RETRY
APPIIOPIlIATE
'NUMBER or TIMES'
"
:.:: ..
Y!S
I
.... Cl'
D1
....
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:~;.
;~f~J;~;7).
...............
ERROR MESSAGE "----- ---)'C"LLlR AT tMHOk'
IHC21~I'
ot'rsu
l_______________ _
- -->
E4
II
Rl TURN
:
IF !XTENDED
: EIUlOR HANDLIIIG
: IS NOT P~SENT,
I
IHCEIUUI ENDs
:
EXECUTION
&.._---------------
....
......--!
02
Hl
H1
"
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UNIT THE
"
.: ~~E~~I~RRO~.,
.... ....
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t
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-- -- - - -- >:PRf~l~,.p~tL.;w:
..... J]..........
.-._._._.-t-'-'_'
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.....
J&I
t
..... ...... ....... ,..................
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. ,
RETURN T O '
ISSUE ERROR
'CMoL!R AT RROR.<--------. ERROII MESSAGE'
'MESSAGE IHC2191'
t
OFFSET'
t
I HC 219 I '
TO CONSOLE
...............
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I
: IlleS.... DDS
L ______________ _
,
IF &lIT_DED
H.UlDLUIG
118 IIO'J' . . . .Dr!'.
KIE'UT I 011
Appendix F:
:~;n=~:;~:;.
'CODE TO 1 fiCO""
244.1
Chart
G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDICS (Part 1 of 5)
CALLS FOR DEFt NE "1 LE
.... ,,), ....... .

............. ..
COMPILERGEN .. RATED
OBJECT CODE
B)*.
......
-.-.-.-.-.-.- .....
\i
GETUAT
.................
GET UNIT NIJMBER.~----------------l
!OSRNI
e 3
INSERT UNIT
NUMbER':;
PAkAM~ TER l.I ST

ADD" "-!;:"" IN UNIT.
: ~~~:! ~'~. r~~ ... :
...:~;...
n ~ - ...
1i
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0]
LAST
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GET
N~XT
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,UNIT NUMBER., NO
NUMUlH IU:,j,NI
" IN P""-""'ETER "
- ------>.r~ol'l PARA,'lL1EI<
LiST
'. .'
,.
Ll:;T
................ .
YE:",
~ !
f :,TABLI~H
AU['kF!;:;ABI LITY
1 N I tH"t'CUl'lri/
lHCf("I",HFOR
..
~~~.;~.~-:~~~
.. :
f \
lOMI'1 U.t<-
(,t Nt kA;t..)
~l~~;~.~~~~
CONTINUE: NORI>IAI.
PH,,< f!;:,l Nt..
Appendix F:
Object-Time Library Subprograms 245
Chart
G2.
IHCDIOSE/IHCEDIOS (Part 2 of 5)
1.1
..................--------------> l
r--O!T!RHiN!-cpi~ATioN"7i~i-'
WRITE
CLOSE
THIS MODULE IS CALLED BY

IHcrCOMH/IBCECOMH TO IMPLEMENT
~H~~CL:~iI~. READ, WRITE AND
-iNiiIAi:IZAriON--IOiSiHi-READ
DASREAD
DIOCS.
DASWRITE
DASTERM
- - - - --- ---- -- --------------
....
02
C2 .---
Cl,.t'e . ..
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DASINT
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AE~H88 or :
1
..01
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GET [lSRN
tJ
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....
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: :
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YES
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....
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Appendix F:
247
Chart
G4.
IHCFINTH/IHCEFNTH (Part 1 of 3)
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Appendix F:
248.1
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G4.
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Appendix F:
249
Chart
Gb.
IHCIBERH
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Appendix F:
251
Chart
IHCSTAE (Part 2 of 2)
G7.
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...............
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Appendix F:
257
Chart G10.
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INITIALIZE
'ARGUMENT SWITCH'<- '"
'01
o i<RANl'H TO I EH:OM'
:f
Bli
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'.
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.'
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: :
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..
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NO
'.
DUMP DESIRED
LOCATIONISI
PDUMP
'. '. ...
II
YES.' IS THIS A ' .
FOR MONITOR
OUMP CALL '<--------:iXiT~~!i.oO.i
r---.
..........'--1
A"..........
....A2 ..'--1
t . t . t
..
.. . . . :;,., .
1
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. : . ' COMPLEX':
.
.
.:......T......:.
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.!~ _____ >:I~t~l~:IIT
<- - --- -------------------
)(1
SAVE START OF
RECORD AND
'COMPI1fE END or
RECOIUl
..................
.....
l->......
1<2
GET BUFFER'
POSITION AltO
ADDRESS or
CUaaDIT DUMP
LOCATION"
.....'0
'PCVZO
................
.......
.-------->..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
BEXADfJCIMA.L
CONVERSION
.................
l->.......
A
Appendix F:
Object-Time Library SUbprograms
258.1
Chart G12.
IHCFEXIT
.....
~ ~
........ .
EX Ii
..... -8) ..... ..

GET ADDA OF
1 HCFCQMH/
I HCECQMI!
.. .............. ..
j
J
IlRANCH TO
IIlEXlT
258.2
chart G13.
IHCFSLIT
Al...
..................
SLIT!!:
. 831.........
....
.................
..
..
I
..
....
....
. .:->1
:
....C) ...,..
1 :
..................<--------.. ....
GET I
C2
C)
:;~;g2
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
CONVERT BAD
DATA FOR ERROR."
"SG
1
,.-------------------------. ...02..........
I
Ir U'rDIDBD
I HCEJUUII
:-~R;O;-~r..;s~G~-:
: IERJIOR IlAlmLIJIG
I
IS IIOT PRUaIT.
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IHC21bI
: :
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.<--------..
UP
*. *.
__
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!:~.:. I LT 0
.:.
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El-..
*.
.. .. . ....
....... ..... ......
L_______________________ ~l~ES
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FIx-UP
I GT ..
L_~~~____
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. .
.. .. ... .... ..
FIXED
DATA
:C):
YES
leO
NO
F)
TURN ON SENSE
LIGHT
CORRESPONDING
TO neE VALUE 0 ...
: P. . . . . . . . . . . :
TUIlN ALL LIGIM'S.
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1---- ----- -----------J

!
G2.
...............
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GET I Aim TIlE
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LE 0
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...............
1
N2
.
...................
-----
..................:
1
.................
:
E..........
GET NUMBER OF
-------->. SENSE LIGHTS
N) ... ..
IS
RETURN
H'.
..................
SENSE LIGHT N O
--> COIUtESPOMDIMG -------->.

.TOION.
SET J a 2
'. ' .. ' .'
i''
.....J)..........
. ,.....",...........
"-1
.................. ,..................
SET
.TURN OFr SEllSIE

LIGHT
.-------->.
1
11'
................
Appendix F:
IlETUIIII
258.3
Chart G14.
I HCFOVER
Al .
......
... ..... .
.IU..
..
110..
.<--------..
SET J z 2
.'
I.
12
OVER,.L
I,
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TURN OVERFLOw/
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INDICATOR OF,.
- - - - - - --- - - - - - -- -- - --- -- -- - - ---- -- -- - -- - - -:>.
El
.... ....... ... ...
258.4
RETlTRN
Chart Gl':>.
IHCFDVCH
A.)
DVCHK
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: . . . . ;;2 . . . . . . . . . :
SET
.J~l
ns . -
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:<--------.-l~~~~~~f~~:-
.................
.. ..
NO
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,
St:T .J" 2
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ll1RN PI 'J! [)F.
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Or F (" I (j!)J
f ,
IUTtJI'IN
Appendix F:
258.5
chart G16.
IHCDBUG (Part 1 of
U)
..Al
.
............
:
DEBUG I
,.
B3
..1
. ' .'
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.... ..
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j
----------oPiIc..----------ioiiTitiE--l.OCATlOit
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.'.
'.
..
TRACE
Gr01F1
SUBTRACE ON
SUBTREN
GF01F2
SUBTRACE OFF
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--Groif1
UNIT
UNIT
INIT VARIABLE
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BEGIN 1/0
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.. '. '. .' .' .'

YES
AMD MMI: OF
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.................
.... .
l->.......
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... 'Gl'.
RETURN
Hl .....:<-.................
MOVE 'TRACE'
: INTO D8UFFER
1
J1
.
..................
--- -OUTIHT- - ---.
CONVERT LAJlEL
TO EBCDIC
l->:..:~~....
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258.6
GrOiFII
--Gioifs
TRACE ON
SUITREN
'
NO
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TRACE
rl.. ..
SUBTREX
.MOVE 'SUBTRACI:"
RETURN.' INTO
:
DBUFFER
:
.................
l->:....
'011
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GF02A}
.....,..............
UNIT
PUoCE IHfIT
.
................
NUMa&Jt I N OSliN
1 .
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...............
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..................
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.
INITSCLR
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VARIABLE
0'
................ .
:
j
: 65 :
----OUTNAME----
.................
.... .
.PLACE VAlUABLE
NAJIIE I N BUFFER
l->:
02
1'.1
Chart G16.
IHCDBUG (Part 2 of 4)
....
.....'--1
M.
..
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'02
INITMIT
INITAJIAY
eo
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1 ..
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NO
_--
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'SET TRACE rLAG
ON

RI!'1'URII
...............
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...............
RETURN
RETURN
'TURN IOF'LAG OfF'0
AND INSERT
o ADORES:; or
0(_: ARGUIU;NT L15T :
0011 ,
BII,'
.'
I,
.'
.'
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orr
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fOR OUTPUT
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Appendix F:
258.7
Chart G16.
IHCOBUG (Part 3 of
START I 0
: ......1 :
ENDIO
: A2 :
..................
SET CUM EN'r

AREA FULL
SAVE 10FlJIG
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.................
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.
........... ......
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lNABLE FUTURE
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GJ.
'.
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....
.
.
.
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...................
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258.8
. ................
..
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Chart
IHCOBUG (Part 4 of 4)
....
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- - - - - - --- -- ----- - - -
t. ~~~:~~: _~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~:~~:~~l ___ _

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: AND 1 ""'GI NAMY :
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:
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"
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...............
.....,.............
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AND MOVE TO
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rOR ERROR MSG

GET CHARACTER
................
.
J
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':ENO OF
"
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: HSf :
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SET CHARACTER
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.................
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PUT NEXT IN
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:
Appendix F:
1<',
...............
RETURN
258.9
GLOSSARY
active character: A significant character

in the int'erpretation of a source statement. Always non-blank except during parsing of literal or IBM card code information.
control driver: A driver in Polish notation to indicate types of statements and

other control functions.
the
CRRNT CHAR: Contains the character (from

the input statement) that 15 currently
being inspected.
ADDRESS (field):
A 2-byte item that is
part of the pointer (indicating an address
on a roll) and a driver (indicating the
forcing strength of an operation).
CRRNT CHAR CNT: Contains the column number

of the contents of CRRNT CHAR; also called
the 'scan arrow'.
ADDR: Contains the address portion of

current POP instruction.
ANSWER BOX: An item used to hold a true or

false answer for those POP instructions
which use or return an answer in their
execution.
BASE: A status variable maintained for
each roll used by the compiler which contains the beginning address of that roll
minus 4.
Base Table:
A list of absolute'addresses
from which the object module
loads a
general register prior to accessing data.
BOTTOM:
A status variable maintained for
each roll which holds the address of the
last
word
on
the
roll
containing
information.
Branch Table:
A list
address of each branch
statement function used
module.
containing
the
target label and
in the
source
branch target label: A label which is the

target
of
a
branch
instruction
or
statement.
Central Items:
and DATA 0-5.
DATA 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: Halfword variables

(except DATA 5, which is two words lonq)
used to hold constants used in the sourcp
module and other data.
error listing:
The display of messages
indicating error conditions detected in the
processing of the source module.
EXIT roll:
A special roll used by the
compiler for maintaining exit addresses
from compiler routines when a POP subroutine jump instruction is executed.
EXTADR: Contains the address of
rent "bottom" of the EXIT roll.
the
cur-
forcing strength: A value contained in the

driver which indicates the order of the
indicated operation (e.g., multiplication
and division operations precede addition
and subtraction>.
global dummy variable: A dummy argument to
a SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION subprogram.
global label: A label used ~o define a
program
block.
These
labels may be
referred to from any point in the program.
Another name for SYMBOL 1-3
compiler phase:
A program consisting of
several routines written 1n machine language and/or POP language; each phase performs a well-defined function in the transformation of the source module to the
object module.
compiler routines: The routines that comprise each phase of the compiler and which
may be written in machine language and/or
POP language.
CONSTR: Contains the beginning address of
the
data referred to by the compiler
routines.
group:
The logical collection of information maintained on rolls; an entry on a
roll.
group size: The number of bytes of information constituting the group on a roll.
Group Stats:
Information maintained for
each roll used by the compiler; pertains to
comparative search operations.
heading:
Initializing instructions required prior to the execution of the. body
of the object module.
IEYALL:
The system name for the compiler
phase Allocate.
Glossary
259
IEYEXT: The system name for

phase Exit.
the
compiler
OPERATOR (field): A l-byte item that is

part of the pointer and driver indicating
the roll used (pointer) or type of o~nr~
tion to be performed (driver).
IEYFORT:
The system name for the compiler
Invocation phase.
IEYGE~:
The system name for
phase Gen.
IEYPAR:
The
phase Parse.
the
compiler
system name for the compiler
IEYROL: The system name for that area of

the compiler which holds the WORK and EXIT
rolls and the roll controls and group
stats.
IEYUNF:
The
phase Unify.
system name for the compiler
indirect addressing: A method of obtaining

information held at one location by referring to another location which contains the
address of the value in question.
INDIRECT BOX: Used to contain the address
needed in the indirect addressing operation
performed by tl)e POP instructions ..
INSTR: contains the "operation code"
tion of the current POP instruction.
item:
Synonymous with variable.
jump:
Synonymous with branch.
optimization:
The
reduction
and reorganization of object
code
for
the
increased efficiency of the object module.
PGB2: Contains the beginning
the global jump table.
address
of
plex:
A variable length group on a roll;
the first word holds the number of words
exclusive of itself.
pointer:
This item is one element of
Polish notation used to indicate references
to variables or constants; indicates location of additional information on a roll.
Polish notation: An intermediate language
into which the source module is translated
during processing and generation of the
object module.
Holds the address of the
POPADR:
instruction presently beinq executed.
POP
porPOP instruction:
A component part of the
POP language defined as a macro.
POP interpreter:
A program written
in
machine language for the purpose of executing the POP subroutines; labeled POP SETUP.
keep:
Indicates the moving of information
contained on a roll to another storage
location and retaining the original information on the roll.
POP jump table:

A table used by the POP
interpreter in transferring control to the
POP subroutines. Holds addresses of these
routines.
LAST CHAR CNT:

This item contains the
column number of the last active character,
i.e., the active character preceding the
one currently being inspected.
POPPGB: Contains the beginning address of

the machine language code for the POP
instructions and the POP jump table.
local d~~Y~riable:
a statement function.
POP~OP language:
A macro language
which most of the compiler is written.
A dummy argument
to
in
local label:
A label defined within a
program block which may be referred to only
within that block.
POP subroutines:
The subroutines used by
the POP interpreter to perform the operations of each POP instruction.
MPAC 1, MPAC 2: Two fullword items used by

the compiler in double-precision arithmetic
operations.
program text: The object code produced for

the object module.
NAMELIST Table: A table which holds the

name, address, etc., for each variable
listed in a single NAMELIST list in the
source module.
operation driver: A l-word variable which
is an element of Polish notation and indicates arithmetic and logical operations
designated in source module statements.
260
prune,
pruni~:
A method of removing
information from a roll, thereby making it
inaccessible in subsequent operations.
quote:
A sequence of characters preceded
by a character count; used for comparisons
with the input data.
QUOTE BASE:
The initial
first quote (Parse).
address of the
~~sion:
A method of call and recall

employed by the routines and subroutines of
the compiler whereby routine X may call
routine Y which, in turn, calls routine X.
scan arrow:
An item which refe4_ to the
position of the source statement character
currently being scanned.
source module listinq: The display of the
statements constituting the source module.
releasing rolls:
The method of making
information reserved on a roll available
for use by the compiler.
The 1-word value placed on a
roll as a result of a reserve operation.
storage allocation: The assignment of main

storage to variables used in the source
module.
reserve_~ark:
reserving rolls: A method of roll manipulation whereby information contained on a

roll remains unaltered reqardless of other
operations involving the roll.
RETURN: Contains the return addresses
the POP subroutines.
for
roll: A type of table used by the compiler

whose
location
and
size are changed
dynamically.
ROLLBR: Contains the beginning address
the base table.
assigned to each
for the purpose of
roll status items: Those variables maintainpd-- for each roll which contain the
statistics needed in roll manipulation.
~oll_stora1~_area:
area of the compiler

in main storage that is allocated to the
rolls.
rung:
roll.
word
of
SYMBOL 1,2,3: Halfword variables used to

hold variable names used in the source
module and other data.
TAG
the
the
ing
(field): A 1-byte item that is part of

pointer (indicating mode and size of
object pointed to) and driver (indicatmode of operation).
of
roll control: A term applied collectively

tothose items used in roll maintenance and
manipulation.
roll number: A number
roll in the compiler
internal reference.
stora~map:
The logical organization of a
program or module and its components as
they are maintained in main storage.
(This
map may also be displayed on an output
device.)
An
temporary stor~~: An area of main storage

used by the compiler to temporarily maintain information for subsequent use.
terminal errors: Errors internal to the
compiler causing termination of compilation
of the source module.
TOP: A status variable maintained for each
roll which indicates the new BASE of the
roll when reserved information is contained
on the roll.
traits: The TAG field (uppermost byte)
a word on a roll.
of
translation:
The conversion from one type
of language to another.
a multiword group on a
RUNTIME operations: Several routines which

support object code produced by the compiler.
WORK roll: A special roll used by the

compiler for maintaining values temporarily
during processing.
Save Area:
An
area of the object module
used in linking to and from subprograms.
WRKADR:
The address maintained for the
WORK roll that indicates the last word into
which information has been stored; the
"bottom" of the roll.
scalar
ables.
WO,W1,W2, :
Acronyms used to refer to
the last groups of the WORK roll.
variables:
Nonsubscripted
vari-
Glossary
261
(Where more than one page reference is given, the major reference appears first.)
active characters
definition 259
description 26
~CTJVE END STA XLATE routine
14~39
active statements 36,39
ADCON roll 57,145
ADDR register
definition 259
descI~ption
29
address computation instructions 134,135
cross-reference list 139
address constants 11,20,52,56,51
,l\DDRESS field
definit:ion 258
description
29-30
address inq
indirect
136,259
relative 29,138
ADR CONST roll
de~crip~ion
1~9
in Exit 56
in Unify 52
AF'fER POLISH roll
Jt'c-.;cription 23,161
in Ct'll
r)J,54
in Parse 31-40,42
Allocate label lists 193-196
Allocate phas(> (IEYALL)
('d rd"
produced ') 1
ctctiiiit.icr~
detiii led
2SR
de~;cription
44-51
yeneral description 12
loC,ltion in !:;toraqe 17
roll:; used hy
44
~;\lbprogram list
')1
allocation of main storaqe
28
ALTER OPTION TABLE routine 232
AI.LOCA'l'l()N FAIL routine 42
ALPHA LBL AND L SPROG routine 14,45
ALPHA SCALAR ARRAY AND SPR(x; routinp'
ANSWER BOX variable
definition 2')8
description
26
in Parse 38
AREA CODE variable 45,55,51,146
arithmetic and logical instructions
130,131,139
array
description 18
dummy 47,48
in Allocate 48,49
listing of
21
position in Object module 11
roll
26,47,146
.",FRAY ALLOCATE routine 14,45,41
ARRAY DIMENSION roll 150
ARRAY PLEX roll
ARRAY REF roll
ARRAY REF ROLL ALLOTMENT
14,52
ARAY REF ROLL ALLOTMENT routine
52
A..~RAY
roll
aSSigning storage for
47
description 146
group stats for
25
~rtificial drivers
40
ASSIGNMENT STA GEN routine 54
AT roll
54,159
base addresses 28
BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOC routine
14,45,47
B/\SE, BOTTOfo"., aWl TOP tables
23 w 28
base table
~csiqninq sturaqe [or
47
definition 259
(le~~cription
17
I;i): it ion HI ob;ect module 11
use in Allocate 48
use in Exit 57
BASE TABU' roll
ripscription 14b
1n Allocate 4~-4B
]Tl
14,45
158
52,159
Fxit_
1)6
BA:;E v~riablf'
~.~
definition
259
peD roll 4')
HLUCK nATA PROt; I\LLOCATION routine 14,46
BLOCK DATA subprugram
allocation for
46
Parse processing of 19
ROTTOM varidble 21
dpfinition 259
branch table
assigning sto~age for
47
de~,criptinn
18
position in object module 11
use in Allocate 47
use in Exit ')6
BRANCH TABLE roll
description 150
in Allocate 47
in Exit 56
branch target label 12,18
BUILD ADDITIONAL BASES routine 14,45,49
BUILD NAMELIST TABLE routine 14,45,48
BUILD PROGRAM ESD routine 14,45,46
BYTE SCALAR roll 41,151
Index
263
CALCULATE BASE AND DISP routine 14,45

CALL LBL roll 149
central it~ms
DATA L4,192,259
definitlon 259
description 24
SYMBOL 24,191,259
CGOTO STA XLATE routine 38
character scanning 26-27
code producing instructions 134
'CODE roll
description 160
in Exit 56
in Gen 53,54
location 22
COMMON ALLOCAT!ON AND OUTPUT routine
14,45,47
COMMON ALLOCATION roll 47,156
COMMON AREA roll 155
COMMON data 12
COMMON DATA roll 152
COMMON DATA TEMP roll 155
COMMON NAME roll 152
COMMON NAME TEMP roll 156
COMMON statements
allocation for 45
COMMON variables
allocation of storage for 45
listing of 21
compiler
arrangement 28-29
assembly and operation of 136
code produced by 175-183
data structures 22
design of 9
flags used 27
general register usage 28
initialization of 33
limitations of 9
machine configuration for 9
messages 21
organization of 10,14
output frem 16
purpose ot 9
receiving control 33
relationship to system 19
rolls used in 140-162
storage configuration 15
termination of 33,35
COMPLEX CONST roll 143
CONSTR register
definition 259
description 28
control block area (CTLBLK) 227
control driver
definition 259
description 31
formats of 185-211
CONVERT TO ADR CONST routine 14,52
CONVERT TO INST FORMAT routine 14,52
CRRNT CHAR CNT variable
definition 259
description 26
in Parse 38
CRRNT CHAR variable
definition 259
description 26
in Parse 38
264
data items
24,192,259
DATA SAVE roll 145
data sets
SYSIN 15,33
SYSLIN 15,33
SYSPRINT 15,33
SYSPUNCH 15,33
DATA statements
allocation for 45
DATA VAR roll 56,154
DDNAMES routine 35
DEBUG ALLOCATE routine 14,45,49
decision making instructions 131,132
DECK option 51
DIMENSION statement
allocation for 46
variables specified on 29
DISPLAY statement
NAMELIST table for 18,19
DMY DIMENSION roll 14,46,147
DO loops
in Allocate 46
in Parse 39
in Gen 55
in Unify 12,51,52,53
DO LOOPS OPEN roll
description 144
in Allocation 46
in Parse 39
DO LOOP UNIFY routine 53
DO NEST UNIFY 14,53
DO STA XLATE routine 38
DP COMPLEX CONST roll 143
DP CONST roll
description 143
general 25
drivers
ADDRESS field 30
artificial 40
control 31,185-211,259
definition of 30
EOE 40,41
formats of 185-211
operation 30,260
OPERATOR field 30
plus and below phony 40,41
TAG field 30
dummy array 46,47
dummy dimension 46
END card 13
omission of 39
produced by Exit 57
END STA GEN routine 54,55
ENTRY CODE GEN routine 14,53,54
ENTRY NAME ALLOCATION routine 14,45,46
ENTRY NAMES roll 54,147
ENTRY roll 46
EOE driver 40,41
EPILOGUE GEN routine 14,53,54
epilogues 12,53,54
EQUIV ALLOCATION PRINT ERRORS routine
14,45,41
EQUIV MAP routine 14,45,48
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) ALLOCATION roll
41,48,156
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) HOLD roll 145
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) roll 46 4 41:151
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) TEMP roll 145
EQUIVALENCE OFFSET roll 45,152
EQUIVALENCE statements 12,45
EQUIVALENCE variables
allocation of storage for 45
description 18
listing of 21
map of 48
EREXITPR routine 34
ERROR CHAR roll 144
ERROR LBL roll 148
ERROR MESSAGE roll 144
error messages 21
error recording 42
ERROR roll 42,148
errors
detection of 42
recording of 21,42
ERROR SYMBOL roll 149
ERROR TEMP roll 144
ESD cards
general 12
produced by allocate 44,41,51
Exit label list 208-211
EXIT PASS routine 14,55
Exit phase (IEYEXT)
definition 259
detailed description 55-58
general description 13
location in storage 15
rolls used by 55
exit roll
definitlon 259
description 24,161
general 10
in IEYROL 53
in Parse 38
EXPLICIT roll
149
EXTADR register
definition 259
description 29
extended error handling facility 232,212
FL AC roll
153
FL CONST roll 143
flags
21
forcing strength
definition 259
description 30,31
in Parse 40
table 31
FORMAT ALLOCATION routine 14,45,48
FORMAT roll 48,151
FO~~T statements
description 20
in Allocate 12,44,48
listing of 21
FORTRAN error routine (IHCIBERH)
42,228
FULL WORD SCALAR roll 41,155

FUNCTION subprogram 46,49
FX AC roll 151
FX CONST roll 143
Gen label list 198-208

Gen phase (IEYGEN)
definition 259
location in sto!age 15
rolls used by 53
GEN PROCESS routine 14,53
GENERAL ALLOCATION roll 160
general register usage
used by compiler 28-29
used by object module 20
GET POLISH routine 14,53,54
global area 136
GLOBAL DMY roll 41,49,148
global jump table 28,131,138
global jumps 131,138
global label 136,131,259.
GLOBAL SPROG ALLOCATE routine 14,45,48
GLOBAL SPROG roll
description 142
general 42
in Allocate 48
in Exit 5b
(;0 TO STA GEN routine
55
GO TO statements, processing of
54,55
qrollp
definition 259
description 24,25
group stats
definition 25,259
description 26
iocatlon ln storage 15
~;izes
2')
group stats table
26
HALF WORD SCALAR roll 41,152

heading
HEADOPT routine 35
HEX CONST roll 154
IBEXIT routine 239

IBFINT routine 215
IEYALL (see Allocate phase)
IEYEXT (see Exit phase)
IEYFINAL routine 35
IEYFORT (see Invocation phase)
IEYGEN (see Gen phase)
IEYJUN subroutine 138
IEYMOR routine 34
Index
265
IEYPAR (see Parse phase)

IEYPCH routine 34
IEYPRNT routine 33
IEYREAD routine 34
IE'.-RETN routine 35
IFYROL (see roll module)
IEYUNF (see Unify phase)
IF statement 37,18,3 Q
IHCADJST 229-230,249
IHCDBUG 236-239,258.6
IHCDIOSE 224-226,245
IHCECOMH
(see IHCFCOMHlIHCECOMH)
IHCEDIOS 224-226,245
IHCEFIOS 218-224,244
IHCEFNTH 229-230,248
IHCERRM 233,253
IHCETRCH 233,258
IHCFCOMH/IHCECOMH
flnwchart 241
initialization operations 215
input/output opprations 218-226,227-228
termination opprations 219
transf~r and subroutine table
242.3
IHCFCVTH 234
I IlCFDIIMP
2 1 r) - 2 3 6, 2 ') 8. 1
IH<'FDVCH
I HCFEXIT
IHCFINTH
IHCFIOSB
234,258.S
23S, 2')8. 2
229-210,24A
218-224,244
I i1 C' FO ;:'1'
2 3 2 - 2 ~ ], 2 ') 5
235,258.4
IHCF~;LIT
23~, 2:>8. 3
IHCIBFRH 228-229,250
IIICNAMEL 226-221,241
I HC ~~ T A E
2 31 , 2 51
IHCTRCH 210-231,258
IHClJATBL 239
IHCUOPT 242.1-242.3
IMPLICIT roll 153
indirect addressing 135,260
indirect addressing instruction
IND VAR roll
dp~;cr ipt ion
141
i n par~je 31
INIT roll 49,145
Invocation phase (IEYFORT)
definition 260
LOCAL, DMY roll
IHrf'UVER
jump instructions
132,133
keep
definition 260
general 23
label lists
Allocate
266
193-196
Exit 20R-211
Gen 198-208
Parse 185-193
Unify 196-198
labeled statement references 12
labels
branch target 12,18
detailed description 135,136
global 135,136
local 135,136
mode 17,54
LAST CHAR CNT variable
definition 259
description 26
in Parse 38
LAST SOURCE CHAR variable 38
LBL FIELD XLATE routine 14,37,38
LBL process routine 14,53,54
LBL roll 45,46,54,153
LEVEL ONE UNIFY routine 53
LIB roll 140
LITERAL CONST ALLOCATION routine 14,45,41
literal constants
description 20
LITERAL CONST roll 143
LITERAL TEMP (TEMP LITERAL) roll 155
LOAD and DECK options 33
148
local label 136,131,259

LOCAL SPROr, roll 45,46,149
Lo<aCAL IF STA XLATE routine
LOOP CONTROL roll 52,156
LOOP DATA roll
description 157
in Parse 38
in Unify 53
LOOP SCRIPT roll 142
38
135
made labels 11,54
map
of scalars 47
storage 21,44,50,260
MAP option 51
messages
description 21
printing of (IEYPRNT)
33
produced by Allocate 48,49
produced by Invocation 35,36
produced by Parse 43,44
minimum system configuration 9
MOVE ZEROS TO T AND C routine 14
MPAC1 and MPAC2 variables
definition 259
description 26
multiple precision arithmetic 26
NAMELIST ALLOCATION roll 48,49,155

NAMELIST ITEMS roll 149,150
NAMELIST MPY DATA roll 51,160

NAMELIST name
roll 48
table for 19
NAMELIST NAMES roll 48,149
NAMELIST tables
definition 259
description 19
in Exit 57
listing of 20,48
NEST SCRIPT roll
description 141
in Ur.ity 53
NON~TD SCRIPT roll
141
oblf'ct module
cont iq 11ration of 17
dp,;Cl iption of
11
qpneral register usage 20
1 i 5 t i ng 0 f
20, 21, 54, 51
writing of 49
oiJject--time library subprograms
operation driver
definition 259
description 30
t nrmd ts of
185-211
UFERATI)R fipld
'i p f 1 nit ion
2 59
d~~cription
Polish notation
arithmetic and logical assignment
statement 164
arithmetic expressions 39
arithmetic IF statement 165
array references 163
ASSIGN statement 164
assigned GO TO statement 164
BACKSPACE statement 171
BLOCK DATA statement 166
CALL statement 172
computed GO TO statement 165
CONTINUE statement 165
DATA statement 166
debug statements 172-173
DEFINE FILE statement 110
1efinitlon of 259
direct-access statements 110
DO statement 16~
END FILE statement 171
END statement 166
ENTRY statement 164
Explicit specification statements
FIND stdtpm~nt 170
212-258.10
IdUf>lpc1
~;tdtpments
loqicdl
l~'
14,55,51
111
1 6 7 -1 6 8
162
l'ALJ:,t: dlld
:;tdtJ:'mpnt 164
:~T()P "tatements
P R I NT :, t
f' fTH'
t
l' {J Nt" II ~; l ri t
30-32
optImization 52,53,259
option table 242.1
ORDER AND PUNCH RLD ROLL routine
form-':lt~;
163-173
FUNCTION "tritpment
generdl 1 ()
i n (; ,-' n
1 2, :) J, ') 4
in I'dr:if' 13, 3b, 1C}
1 n put / () U t P \l t
1 i : it:;
nt
f' fTlf' n t
165
1b9
1 h <}
HEAr) :;t_dtf'fTlI'nt
Ih7,lb8,169
RETllRN ~itdt{'mf-'nt
164
HEWIND :;tatf'mf"nt
171
statf'mf'nt f\lnction
171
SUllRUilTINE ,;tatpment 171
uncoIlc11tinnrll (jO TO statement
WRITE
Pa ro; f> pha~)e
(I EY PAR)
definition 260
rtetdiled description 36-42
l()cdtion in storage 15
rolls used by
31
PAS;' 1 (;LOBAL ~PROG ALLOCATE routine
14,4C.,,48
pha ~>t~;
.:'.llocdte 12,15,44-51
components of 14
Exit 13,15,55-51
Gen 12,15,53-55
Invocation 12,15,33-]5
Parse 12,15,36-44
Unify 12,15,51-53
plex
definition 260
description 25
plus and below phony driver
pOintEr
ADDRESS field 29
definition 260
description 29
OPERATOR field 29
TAG field 29
:~tiltr'rnf'nt
165
lhR,lh<},170
PO Pin s t r 11C t ion ~;

ADD 1 J 0
AF'~)
1 10
1 3lJ
AND
APH
127
ARK
12"1
M<P
127
A~~K
127
ASP
BID
BIM
BIN
127
BOP
127
CAR
CLA
128
128
CNT
128
1 J{~
1 34
1 ~t~
CPO 128
cross reference list
CRP 128
40,41
166
CSA
CSF
131
133
definition 259
detailed description
DIM 130
DIV 130
EAD
139
121-135
128
Index
261
EAW 128
ECW 128
EOP 128
ETA 128
FET 128
FLP 128
FRK 128
FRP 128
FTH 128
generdl description
lAD 129
IND 115
lor 129
lOR 130
ITA 129
ITM 129
JAF 133
JAT 133
JOW 133
JPE 133
JRD 133
JSR 133
,) UN 133
LCE 129
LCF 129
LCT 129
LGA 131
LGP 129
LLS 130
LRS 131
LSS 129
MOA 131
MOC 129
MON 129
MPY 131
NOG 129
NOZ 129
PGO 130
PGP 130
PLD 1 JO
PNG 130
POC 130
pow 134
PSP 131
PST 130
QSA 131
QSF 133
REL 134
RSV 13q
SAD 131
SBP 131
SBS 131
SCE 132
SCK 112
SFP 132
SLE 132
SNE 132
SNZ 132
SOP 132
SPM 132
SPT 132
SRA 132
SRD 132
STA 132
STM 133
SUB 131
SWT 130
TLY 131
268
10
wop 135
W1P 135
W2P 135
W)P 135
W4P 135
XIT 133
ZER 130
POP interpreter
definition 260
description 136
general 10
POP jump table (POPTABLE)
definition 260
description 28,137
POP language
cross-reference list 139
definition 260
notation used 127
POP SETUP routine 137
POP subroutines
assembler references to 137
definition 260
general 10
POPADR register
definition 260
description 29
POPPGB register
definition 260
description 29
POPXIT register
description 29
PREP DMY DIMAND PRINT ERRORS routine 14,45
PREP EQUIV AND PRINT ERRORS routine 14,45
PREP NAMELIST routine 14,45,48
PRESS MEMORY 21,22,19J
PRINT A LINE routine 14
PRINT AND READ SOURCE routine 14,37
PRINT HEADING routine 14
PRINT TOTAL PROG REQMTS MESS routine 14
printmsg table 35-36
PRNTHEAD routine )4
PRNTMSG routine 3l\
PROCESS DO LOOPS routine 14,45,46
PROCESS LBL AND LOCAL SPROGS routine
14,45,46
PROCESS POLISH routine 14,39
production of object code
branches 175
computed GO TO statement 175
DEFINE FILE statement 179
direct-access READ and WRITE statements
179
DO loops 175
DO statement 175
FIND statements 179
FORMAT statements 180,181
formatted arrays 177
formatted list items 177
functions 176
input/output 177
PAUSE statement 179
READ and WRITE statements 177
statement functions 176
STOP statement 179
subroutines 176
unformatted arrays 178
unformatted READ and WRITE statements
178
PROGRAM BREAK variable 45,46,47,48,49
PROGRAM SCRIPT roll
description 158
in Parse 39
in Unify 52
program text
definition 260
description 20
prologue 12,53,54
PROLOGUE GEN routine 14,53,54
pruning
definition 260
description 23
pseudo instructions 10,127
PUNCH ADCON ROLL routine 14,55,57
PUNCH ADR CONST ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH BASE ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH BRANCH ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH CODE ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH END CARD routine 14,55,57
PUNCH GLOBAL SPROG ROLL routine 14,55,57
PUNCH NAMELIST MPY DATA routine 55,57
PUNCH PARTIAL TXT CARD routine 55,56
PUNCH SPROG ARG ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH TEMP AND CONST ROLL routine 14,55,56
PUNCH USED LIBRARY ROLL routine 14,55,51
quick link output 136

quote
definition 260
description 27
location in storage
QBASE 21
quote base (QBASE)
\iefinition
oescription
15
260
27
REASSIGN MEMORY 185

recursion
definition 261
in compiler 10
REG roll 146
REGISTER IBCOM routine 14,31
register usage
by compiler 28
by Object module 20
relative addressing 29,137
releasing rolls
definition 261
in Allocate 45
in Invocation 35
reserve mark
definition 261
description 23
RETURN register
definition 261
description 29
RETURN statement
Polish notation for 37
RLD cards 13,56

RLD roll 55,56,57,156
ROLL ADR table
in IEYROL 53
in Invocation 35
use in allocating storage 22,35
use in finding address of variable, 30
use in releasing storage 35
roll control instructions 133
roll controls
general 21
roll module (IEYROL)
definition ?';1
detailed description 53
roll statistics
BASE, BOTTOM, TOP 22
roll storage area
definition 261
ROLLBR register
definition 261
description 29
rolls
ADCON 51,145
ADR CONST 52,56,159
AFTER POLISH 23,31-40,42,53,54,161
allocating storage for 21,22,34
ARRAY 2b,47,146
ARRAY DIMENSION 1S0
ARRAY PLEX 158
ARRAY REF 52,159
AT ')4,159
BASE TABLE 45-48,56,146
BCD 45
BRANCH TABLE 41,56,150
BYTE SCALAR 41,151
CALL LBL 149
cuD~
22,5],S4,~b,160
COMMON ALLOCATION 41,156

COMMON AREA 155
COMMON DATA 152
COMMON DATA TEMP 155
COMMON NAME 152
COMMON NAME TEMP 156
COMPLEX CONST 143
DATA SAVE 145
DATA VAR 56,154
definition of 261
DMY DIMENSION 14,46,141
DO LOOPS OPEN 39,46,144
DP COMPLEX CONST 143
DP CONST 25,143
ENTRY 46
ENTRY NAMES 54,141
EQUIV ALLOCATION 43,41,48,156
EQUIVALENCE (EQUJV)
46,47,151
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) HOLD 145
EQUIVALENCE (EQUIV) TEMP 145
EQUIVALENCE OFFSET 45,152
ERROR 42,148
ERROR CHAR 144
ERROR LBL 148
ERROR MESSAGE 144
Index
269
ERROR SYMBOL 149

ERROR TEMP 144
EXIT 10,15,24,38,53,161,259
EXPLICIT 149
FL AC 153
FL CONST 143
FORMAT 48,151
formats 140-162
FULL WORD SCALAR 41,155
FX AC 151
FX CONST 143
GENERAL ALLOCATION 160
general description 10,21
GLOBAL DMY 41,49,148
GLOBAL SPROG 42,48,56,142
HALF WORD SCALAR 41,152
HEX CONST 154
H1PLICIT 153
IND VAR 31,141
INIT 49,145
LRL 45,46,54,153
LIB 140
LITERAL CONST 143
LITERAL TEMP 155
LOCAL DMY 148
LOCAL SPROG 45,46,149
LOOP CONTROL 52,156
LOOP DATA 38,53,151
LOOP SCRIPT 142
NAMELIST ALLOCATION 48,49,155
NAMELI~;T ITEMS
149,150
NAMELIST MPY DATA 57,160
NAMELIST NAMES 48,149
NEST SCRIPT 53,141
NONSTD SCRIPT 141
POLISH 36-42,53,54
PROGRAM SCRIPT 39,52,158
pruning of
23
REG 146
rpleasing of
35,45i260
reserving of 23,261
RLD 55,56,57,156
SCALAR 47,48,154
SCRIPT 36,31,52,53,151
size limitations 22
SOURCE 31,38,140
special 24
SPRaG ARG 56,141
STD SCRIPT 144
SlJBCHK 49,160
TEMP 144
TEMP AND CONST 45,55,51,144
TEMP DATA NAME 150
TEMP NAME 36,143
TEMP POLISH 151
TEMP PNTR 153
used by Allocate 44
used by Exit 55
used by Gen 53
used by Parse 36
used by Unify 52
USED LIB FUNCTION 48,55,152
WORK 10,15,24,38-41,53,54,161,261
rungs
definition 261
description 24
270
save area
assigning storage for 41
definition 261
SCALAR ALLOCATE routine 14,45,41
SCALAR roll 41,48,154
SCALAR routine 14
scalar variable
definition 261
listing of 21
scan arrow
definition 261
description 26
scan control variables 26,27
SCRIPT roll
description 151
in Parse 36,37
in Unify 52,53
source module listing
definition 261
description 20,U2
format of 42
SOURCE option 36
SOURCE roll
description 140
in Parse 37,38
special rolls 24
specification statements 35
SPROG ARG ALLOCATION routine 14,45,48
SPROG ARG roll 56,147
STA FINAL routine 14,31,39
STA GEN FINISH routine 14,54,55
STA GEN routine 14,54,55
STA INIT routine 14,38
STA LBL BOX 54
STA RUN TABLE 54
STA XLATE EXIT routine 38
STA XLATE routine 14,31,38,39
START ALLOCATION routine 14
START COMPILER routine 14,37
START GEN routine 14,53
START UNIFY routine 14,52
STATE~NT PROCESS routine
14,31,39
status variable 23
STD SCRIPT roll 144
STOP statement
Polish notation for 37
storage map
compiler 14
definition 261
description 21
object module 11
produced by Allocate 44,50
SUBCHK roll 49,160
subprogram addresses
subprogram argument lists
position in object module 17,51
SUBSCRIPTS FAIL routine 42
SYMBOL item 24,261
syntax error 42
SYNTAX FAIL routine 38,42
system names 11
tables
base 17,47,56,259
BASE, BOTTOM, and TOP 23,28
branch 18,46,56
global jump 28,137
group stats 25,26
NAMELIST 12,18,19,20,44,48,49,57,260
POP jump 15,28,136,260
printmsq 35
ROLL ADR 15,22,28,34,53
STA RUN 54
unit assignment 239
TAG field
definition 261
description 29-31
TEMP AND CONST roll
description 144
in Allocate 45
in Exit 55,57
TEMP DATA NAME roll 150
TEMP NAME roll
description 143
in Parse 38
TEMP POLISH roll 151
TEMP PNTR roll 153
TH1P roll
144
tpmpordry storage and constants
description 20
TERMINATE PHASE routine 54,55
tf-'rr'1indtion of compiler 33,35
TIMUJAT rOlltine
35
TOl-' var idole
23
lefinition 261
TRACE nption ~4
transmi~~ive instructions
127-130
TXT card~>
general 12
produced by Allocate 44,49,51
produced by Exit 55,56,57,58
tVDP
A'
strltpmpnts
allocation for
46
Unify label list 196-198

Unify phase (IEYUNF)
definition 260
rolls used by 52
unit assignment table (IHCUATBL)
unit blocks 240,242
USED LIB FUNCTION roll
description 152
in allocation 48
in Exit 55
239
variables
ANSWER BOX 26,38,259
AREA CODE 45,56,51,146
BASE 23,259
BOTTOM 23,259
COMMON 21,46
CRRNT CHAR 26,38,259
CRRNT CHAR CNT 26,38,259
EQUIVALENCE 18,21,44,45,48
LAST CHAR CNT 26,38,260
LAST SOURCE CHAR 38
MPAC1 and MPAC2 26,260
PROGRAM BREAK 45,46,47,48
scalar 18,21,261
scan control 26,27
status 23
TOP 23,261
WORK roll
definition 261
description 24,161
general 10
in Exit 57
in Gen 54
in IEYROL
in Parse 39,40,41
location in storage
WRKADR register
definition 261
description 29
15
Index
211
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IBM Warld Tradl Carparatlan
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File No.

IBM System/3S0 Operating System

FORTRAN IV (G) Compiler

This publication describes the internal logic of the

Supervisor and Data Management

System Generation, Form C28-6554

Principles of Operation, Form A22-6821

Introduction to Control Program Logic,

Any reference to a Programmer's Guide

Third Edition (December 1972)

Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1968, 1970

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPILER

Phase 2; Allocate (IEYALL)

Central Items, Groups, and Group

SECTION 2: COMPILER OPERATION

Output from IEYFORT

Phase 1 of the Compiler: Parse (IEYPAR)

ACTIVE END STA XLATE, Chart BF

PROCESS POLISH, Chart BG

Flow of Phase 2, Chart 05

ALPHA LBL AND L SPROGS, Chart CA

BLOCK DATA PROG ALLOCATION, Chart

PREP DMY DIM AND PRINT ERRORS,

PROCESS DO LOOPS, Chart CE

PROCESS LBL AND LOCAL SPROGS,

BUILD PROGRAM ESD, Chart CG

ENTRY. NAME ALLOCATION, Chart CH

EQUIV ALLOCATION PRINT ERRORS,

BASE AND BRANCH TABLE ALLOC, Chart

SCALAR ALLOCATE, Chart CM

SPROG ARG ALLOCATION, Chart CP ~

EQUIV ~~P, Chart CT

DO NEST UNIFY, Chart DD

APPENDIX A: THE POP LANGUAGE.

B: ROLLS USED IN THE COMPILER

IND VAR Roll

NONSTD SCRIPT Roll

NEST SCRIPT Roll

LOOP SCRIPT Roll

GLOBAL SPROG Roll

COMPLEX CONST Roll

DP COMPLEX CONST Roll

TEMP NAME Rcll

DO LOOPS OPEN Roll

LOOPS OPEN Roll

ERROR MESSAGE Roll

Roll 60: NAMELIST MPY DATA Roll

APPENDIX C: POLISH NOTATION FORMATS 163

APPENDIX D: OBJECT CODE PRODUCED BY

Input/Output Operations ~ ~ ~177

Define File .218

compiler-Directed Errors: IHCIBERH 228

Figure 1. Overall Operation of

Figure 11. First Group Stats

Figure 14. Quotes Used in the

Table 1. Internal Configuration

Table 9. Routines Affected by

Figure 1. Overall Operation of

Figure 5. Object Module

Figllre 8. Roll Containing L

l ... _ ~------J