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Transmisión de Datos

This document discusses key terminology and concepts related to data transmission. It defines terms like transmitter, receiver, guided and unguided mediums. It also covers direct vs. point-to-point links and simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission methods. Additionally, it discusses analog vs. digital data and signals, bandwidth, spectrum, modulation techniques, and the advantages of digital transmission over analog transmission.

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36 views7 pages

Transmisión de Datos

This document discusses key terminology and concepts related to data transmission. It defines terms like transmitter, receiver, guided and unguided mediums. It also covers direct vs. point-to-point links and simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission methods. Additionally, it discusses analog vs. digital data and signals, bandwidth, spectrum, modulation techniques, and the advantages of digital transmission over analog transmission.

Uploaded by

ScofieldxD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Terminology (1)

Transmitter
Receiver
Medium

Sesin 2 (Complemento)

Guided medium

Unguided medium

Transmisin de Datos

e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber


e.g. air, water, vacuum

Fuente: Comunicaciones y Redes de Computadores, Stallings William. 6 Edicin

Terminology (2)

Direct link

No intermediate devices

Direct link
Only 2 devices share link

Multi-point

More than two devices share the link

Simplex

Point-to-point

Terminology (3)
One direction

Either direction, but only one way at a time

e.g. Television

Half duplex
e.g. police radio

Full duplex

Both directions at the same time

e.g. telephone

Frequency, Spectrum and Bandwidth

Continuous & Discrete Signals

Time domain concepts

Continuous signal

Discrete signal

Various in a smooth way over time


Maintains a constant level then changes to another
constant level

Periodic signal

Aperiodic signal

repeated over time


not repeated over time

Periodic
Signals

Wave

Peak Amplitude (A)

Frequency (f)

maximum strength of signal


volts
Rate of change of signal
Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second
Period = time for one repetition (T)
T = 1/f

Phase ()

Relative position in time

Varying Sine Waves

Wavelength
Distance occupied by one cycle
Distance between two points of
corresponding phase in two consecutive
cycles

Assuming signal velocity v

= vT
f = v

c = 3*108 ms-1 (speed of light in free space)

Frequency Domain Concepts

Frequency
Domain

Signal usually made up of many


frequencies
Components are sine waves
Can be shown (Fourier analysis) that any
signal is made up of component sine
waves
Can plot frequency domain functions

Spectrum & Bandwidth

Spectrum

Absolute bandwidth

Effective bandwidth
Often just bandwidth

range of frequencies contained in signal


width of spectrum

Narrow band of frequencies containing most of


the energy

DC Component

Component of zero frequency

Data Rate and Bandwidth


Any transmission system has a limited
band of frequencies
This limits the data rate that can be
carried (Manejados)

Signal with DC Component

Analog and Digital Data


Transmission

Datos

Seales

Entities that convey(Tiene)


meaning(Significado)
Electric or electromagnetic representations of
data

Transmisin

Es una comunicacin de datos que permite la


propagacin y el procesamiento de seales

Data

Analog

Signals

Continuous values within(Continuo) some


interval
e.g. sound, video

Discrete values
e.g. text, integers

wire, fiber optic, space

Telephone bandwidth 300Hz to 3400Hz


Video bandwidth 4MHz

Digital

Data and Signals

Continuously variable
Various media

Digital

Analog

Use two DC components

Analog Signals Carrying Analog and


Digital Data

Usually use digital signals for digital data


and analog signals for analog data
Can use analog signal to carry digital data

Modem

Can use digital signal to carry analog data

Compact Disc audio

Digital Signals Carrying Analog and


Digital Data

Analog Transmission
Analog signal transmitted without regard
to content
May be analog or digital data
Attenuated over distance
Use amplifiers to signal
Also amplifies noise

Digital Transmission

Advantages of Digital Transmission

Concerned with content


Integrity endangered by noise,
attenuation etc.
Repeaters used
Repeater receives signal
Retransmits
Attenuation is overcome(superada)
Noise is not amplified

Digital technology

Data integrity

Capacity utilization

Security & Privacy

Integration

Low cost LSI/VLSI technology


Longer distances over lower quality lines
High bandwidth links economical
Encryption
Can treat(tratar) analog and digital data similarly

Channel Capacity

Data rate

In bits per second


Rate at which data can be communicated

Bandwidth

In cycles per second of Hertz


Constrained(Limitado) by transmitter and
medium

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