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October/November 2004
1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

Candidate
Name

Centre
Number

Candidate
Number

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
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Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
DO NOT WRITE IN THE BARCODE.

For Examiners Use

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missing, please fill in your correct details
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This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

SP (NF/JG) S80558
UCLES 2004

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9702/02

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PHYSICS
Paper 2

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and
Advanced Level

2
Data
speed of light in free space,

c = 3.00 10 8 m s 1

permeability of free space,

0 = 4 10 7 H m1

permittivity of free space,

0 = 8.85 10 12 F m1

elementary charge,

e = 1.60 10 19 C

the Planck constant,

h = 6.63 10 34 J s

unified atomic mass constant,

u = 1.66 10 27 kg

rest mass of electron,

me = 9.11 10 31 kg

rest mass of proton,

mp = 1.67 10 27 kg

molar gas constant,

the Avogadro constant,

R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
NA = 6.02 10 23 mol 1

the Boltzmann constant,

k = 1.38 10 23 J K 1

gravitational constant,

G = 6.67 10 11 N m 2 kg 2

acceleration of free fall,

g = 9.81 m s 2

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3
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion,

s = ut +
 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas,

W = p V

gravitational potential,

= Gm

simple harmonic motion,

a =
2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m.,

v = v0 cos
t
v =
(x 20 x 2)

resistors in series,

R = R1 + R 2 + . . .

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel,
electric potential,

Q
40r

V =

1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in series,
capacitors in parallel,

C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor,

W =
 QV

alternating current/voltage,

x = x0 sin
t

hydrostatic pressure,

p = qgh

pressure of an ideal gas,

p =

radioactive decay,

x = x0 exp( t )

decay constant,

 = 0.693



Nm 2
<c >
V

t


3H02

critical density of matter in the Universe,

q0 =

equation of continuity,

Av = constant

Bernoulli equation (simplified),

Stokes law,
Reynolds number,
drag force in turbulent flow,
UCLES 2004

8G

p1 +
 qv12 = p2 +
 qv22
F = Ar v
Re =

qv r


F = Br 2qv 2
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

A student takes readings to measure the mean diameter of a wire using a micrometer screw
gauge.
(a) Make suggestions, one in each case, that the student may adopt in order to
(i)

reduce a systematic error in the readings,

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

(ii)

allow for a wire of varying diameter along its length,

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

(iii)

allow for a non-circular cross-section of the wire.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The mean diameter of the wire is found to be 0.50 0.02 mm. Calculate the percentage
uncertainty in
(i)

the diameter,

uncertainty = . %
(ii)

the area of cross-section of the wire.

uncertainty = . %
[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

5
2

The spectrum of electromagnetic waves is divided into a number of regions such as radio
waves, visible light and gamma radiation.
(a) State three distinct features of waves that are common to all regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................................
3. ............................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) A typical wavelength of visible light is 495 nm. Calculate the number of wavelengths of
this light in a wave of length 1.00 m.

number = . [2]
(c) State a typical wavelength for
(i)

X-rays,
wavelength = . m

(ii)

infra-red radiation.
wavelength = . m
[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

6
3

A girl stands at the top of a cliff and throws a ball vertically upwards with a speed of 12 m s1,
as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
path of
ball

Fig. 3.1
At the time that the girl throws the ball, her hand is a height h above the horizontal ground at
the base of the cliff.
The variation with time t of the speed v of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.2.
20
1

v/ms

10

1.0

2.0

3.0

10

20

30

40
Fig. 3.2

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4.0

5.0
t/s

For
Examiners
Use

7
Speeds in the upward direction are shown as being positive. Speeds in the downward
direction are negative.
(a) State the feature of Fig. 3.2 that shows that the acceleration is constant.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the time at which the ball
(i)

reaches maximum height,

time = . s

(ii)

hits the ground at the base of the cliff.

time = . s
[2]

(c) Determine the maximum height above the base of the cliff to which the ball rises.

height = m [3]
(d) The ball has mass 250 g. Calculate the magnitude of the change in momentum of the
ball between the time that it leaves the girls hand to time t = 4.0 s.

change = N s [3]

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8
(e) (i)

State the principle of conservation of momentum.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

Comment on your answer to (d) by reference to this principle.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]

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Use

9
4

A string is stretched between two fixed points. It is plucked at its centre and the string
vibrates, forming a stationary wave as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
75 cm

Fig. 4.1
The length of the string is 75 cm.
(a) State the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength = . m [1]
(b) The frequency of vibration of the string is 360 Hz. Calculate the speed of the wave on
the string.

speed = m s1 [2]
(c) By reference to the formation of the stationary wave on the string, explain what is meant
by the speed calculated in (b).
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [3]

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For
Examiners
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10
5

(a) A metal wire has an unstretched length L and area of cross-section A. When the wire
supports a load F, the wire extends by an amount L. The wire obeys Hookes law.
Write down expressions, in terms of L, A, F and L, for
(i)

the applied stress,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)

the tensile strain in the wire,

...................................................................................................................................

(iii)

the Young modulus of the material of the wire.

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A steel wire of uniform cross-sectional area 7.9 107 m2 is heated to a temperature of
650 K. It is then clamped between two rigid supports, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
0.62 m

rigid
support

wire

Fig. 5.1
The wire is straight but not under tension and the length between the supports is
0.62 m. The wire is then allowed to cool to 300 K.
When the wire is allowed to contract freely, a 1.00 m length of the wire decreases in
length by 0.012 mm for every 1 K decrease in temperature.
(i)

Show that the change in length of the wire, if it were allowed to contract as it cools
from 650 K to 300 K, would be 2.6 mm.

[2]

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11
(ii)

The Young modulus of steel is 2.0 1011 Pa. Calculate the tension in the wire at
300 K, assuming that the wire obeys Hookes law.

tension = N [2]
(iii)

The ultimate tensile stress of steel is 250 MPa. Use this information and your
answer in (ii) to suggest whether the wire will, in practice, break as it cools.

...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]

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12
6

Fig. 6.1 shows the variation with applied potential difference V of the current I in an electrical
component C.
4.0
I / mA
3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

V/V

6.0

Fig. 6.1
(a) (i)

State, with a reason, whether the resistance of component C increases or

decreases with increasing potential difference.
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

Determine the resistance of component C at a potential difference of 4.0 V.

resistance = .. [2]

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13
(b) Component C is connected in parallel with a resistor R of resistance 1500 and a
battery of e.m.f. E and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

R 1500

Fig. 6.2
(i)

On Fig. 6.1, draw a line to show the variation with potential difference V of the
[2]
current I in resistor R.

(ii)

Hence, or otherwise, use Fig. 6.1 to determine the current in the battery for an
e.m.f. of 2.0 V.

current = A [2]
(c) The resistor R of resistance 1500 and the component C are now connected in series
across a supply of e.m.f. 7.0 V and negligible internal resistance.
Using information from Fig. 6.1, state and explain which component, R or C, will
dissipate thermal energy at a greater rate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [3]

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For
Examiners
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14
7

The -particle scattering experiment provided evidence for the existence of a nuclear atom.
(a) State what could be deduced from the fact that
(i)

most -particles were deviated through angles of less than 10,

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

a very small proportion of the -particles was deviated through angles greater
than 90.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

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15
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows the path AB of an -particle as it approaches and passes by a stationary
gold nucleus.
B

Fig. 7.1
On Fig. 7.1, draw lines (one in each case) to complete the paths of the -particles
passing by the gold nucleus when the initial direction of approach is
(i)

along line CD,

(ii)

along line EF.

[3]

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16
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9702/02/O/N/04