IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Edition 6.1
(2005-01)

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS

( Fifth Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

ICS 91.120.25

© BIS 2007

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 12
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS

( Fifth Revision )
FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards,
after the draft finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions
are geologically unstable parts of the country, and some devastating earthquakes of the world
have occurred there. A major part of the peninsular India has also been visited by strong
earthquakes, but these were relatively few in number occurring at much larger time intervals at
any site, and had considerably lesser intensity. The earthquake resistant design of structures
taking into account seismic data from studies of these Indian earthquakes has become very
essential, particularly in view of the intense construction activity all over the country. It is to serve
this purpose that IS 1893 : 1962 ‘Recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures’
was published and revised first time in 1966.
As a result of additional seismic data collected in India and further knowledge and experience
gained since the publication of the first revision of this standard, the sectional committee felt the
need to revise the standard again incorporating many changes, such as revision of maps showing
seismic zones and epicentres, and adding a more rational approach for design of buildings and
sub-structures of bridges. These were covered in the second revision of IS 1893 brought out in
1970.
As a result of the increased use of the standard, considerable amount of suggestions were received
for modifying some of the provisions of the standard and, therefore, third revision of the standard
was brought out in 1975. The following changes were incorporated in the third revision:
a) The standard incorporated seismic zone factors (previously given as multiplying factors in
the second revision) on a more rational basis.
b) Importance factors were introduced to account for the varying degrees of importance for
various structures.
c) In the clauses for design of multi-storeyed buildings, the coefficient of flexibility was
given in form of a curve with respect to period of buildings.
d) A more rational formula was used to combine modal shear forces.
e) New clauses were introduced for determination of hydrodynamic pressures in elevated
tanks.
f) Clauses on concrete and masonry dams were modified, taking into account their dynamic
behaviour during earthquakes. Simplified formulae for design forces were introduced
based on results of extensive studies carried out since second revision of the standard was
published.
The fourth revision, brought out in 1984, was prepared to modify some of the provisions of the
standard as a result of experience gained with the use of the standard. In this revision, a number
of important basic modifications with respect to load factors, field values of N, base shear and
modal analysis were introduced. A new concept of performance factor depending on the structural
framing system and on the ductility of construction was incorporated. Figure 2 for average
acceleration spectra was also modified and a curve for zero percent damping incorporated.

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

In the fifth revision, with a view to keep abreast with the rapid development and extensive
research that has been carried out in the field of earthquake resistant design of various structures,
the committee has decided to cover the provisions for different types of structures in separate
parts. Hence, IS 1893 has been split into the following five parts:
Part 1 General provisions and buildings
Part 2 Liquid retaining tanks — Elevated and ground supported
Part 3 Bridges and retaining walls
Part 4 Industrial structures including stack like structures
Part 5 Dams and embankments
Part 1 contains provisions that are general in nature and applicable to all structures. Also, it
contains provisions that are specific to buildings only. Unless stated otherwise, the provisions in
Parts 2 to 5 shall be read necessarily in conjunction with the general provisions in Part 1.
NOTE — Pending finalization of Parts 2 to 5 of IS 1893, provisions of Part 1 will be read along with the relevant clauses
of IS 1893 : 1984 for structures other than buildings.

The following are the major and important modifications made in the fifth revision:

a) The seismic zone map is revised with only four zones, instead of five. Erstwhile Zone I has
been merged to Zone II. Hence, Zone I does not appear in the new zoning; only Zones II,
III, IV and V do.

b) The values of seismic zone factors have been changed; these now reflect more realistic
values of effective peak ground acceleration considering Maximum Considered
Earthquake (MCE) and service life of structure in each seismic zone.

c) Response spectra are now specified for three types of founding strata, namely rock and
hard soil, medium soil and soft soil.
d) Empirical expression for estimating the fundamental natural period Ta of multi-storeyed
buildings with regular moment resisting frames has been revised.

e) This revision adopts the procedure of first calculating the actual force that may be
experienced by the structure during the probable maximum earthquake, if it were to
remain elastic. Then, the concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or
frictional energy dissipation in the cracks is brought into the code explicitly, by
introducing the ‘response reduction factor’ in place of the earlier performance factor.

f) A lower bound is specified for the design base shear of buildings, based on empirical
estimate of the fundamental natural period Ta.

g) The soil-foundation system factor is dropped. Instead, a clause is introduced to restrict

the use of foundations vulnerable to differential settlements in severe seismic zones.

h) Torsional eccentricity values have been revised upwards in view of serious damages
observed in buildings with irregular plans.

j) Modal combination rule in dynamic analysis of buildings has been revised.

k) Other clauses have been redrafted where necessary for more effective implementation.

It is not intended in this standard to lay down regulation so that no structure shall suffer any
damage during earthquake of all magnitudes. It has been endeavoured to ensure that, as far as
possible, structures are able to respond, without structural damage to shocks of moderate
intensities and without total collapse to shocks of heavy intensities. While this standard is
intended for the earthquake resistant design of normal structures, it has to be emphasized that in
the case of special structures, such as large and tall dams, long-span bridges, major industrial
projects, etc, site-specific detailed investigation should be undertaken, unless otherwise specified
in the relevant clauses.

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Though the basis for the design of different types of structures is covered in this standard, it is not
implied that detailed dynamic analysis should be made in every case. In highly seismic areas,
construction of a type which entails heavy debris and consequent loss of life and property, such as
masonry, particularly mud masonry and rubble masonry, should preferably be avoided. For
guidance on precautions to be observed in the construction of buildings, reference may be made to
IS 4326, IS 13827 and IS 13828.
Earthquake can cause damage not only on account of the shaking which results from them but also
due to other chain effects like landslides, floods, fires and disruption to communication. It is,
therefore, important to take necessary precautions in the siting, planning and design of structures
so that they are safe against such secondary effects also.
The Sectional Committee has appreciated that there cannot be an entirely scientific basis for
zoning in view of the scanty data available. Though the magnitudes of different earthquakes which
have occurred in the past are known to a reasonable degree of accuracy, the intensities of the
shocks caused by these earthquakes have so far been mostly estimated by damage surveys and
there is little instrumental evidence to corroborate the conclusions arrived at. Maximum intensity
at different places can be fixed on a scale only on the basis of the observations made and recorded
after the earthquake and thus a zoning map which is based on the maximum intensities arrived at,
is likely to lead in some cases to an incorrect conclusion in view of (a) incorrectness in the
assessment of intensities, (b) human error in judgment during the damage survey, and (c) variation
in quality and design of structures causing variation in type and extent of damage to the structures
for the same intensity of shock. The Sectional Committee has therefore, considered that a rational
approach to the problem would be to arrive at a zoning map based on known magnitudes and the
known epicentres ( see Annex A ) assuming all other conditions as being average and to modify
such an idealized isoseismal map in light of tectonics ( see Annex B ), lithology ( see Annex C )and
the maximum intensities as recorded from damage surveys. The Committee has also reviewed such
a map in the light of the past history and future possibilities and also attempted to draw the lines
demarcating the different zones so as to be clear of important towns, cities and industrial areas,
after making special examination of such cases, as a little modification in the zonal demarcations
may mean considerable difference to the economics of a project in that area. Maps shown in Fig. 1
and Annexes A, B and C are prepared based on information available upto 1993.
In the seismic zoning map, Zone I and II of the contemporary map have been merged and assigned
the level of Zone II. The Killari area has been included in Zone III and necessary modifications made,
keeping in view the probabilistic hazard evaluation. The Bellary isolated zone has been removed.
The parts of eastern coast areas have shown similar hazard to that of the Killari area, the level of
Zone II has been enhanced to Zone III and connected with Zone III of Godawari Graben area.
The seismic hazard level with respect to ZPA at 50 percent risk level and 100 years service life
goes on progressively increasing from southern peninsular portion to the Himalayan main seismic
source, the revised seismic zoning map has given status of Zone III to Narmada Tectonic Domain,
Mahanandi Graben and Godawari Graben. This is a logical normalization keeping in view the
apprehended higher strain rates in these domains on geological consideration of higher neotectonic
activity recorded in these areas.
Attention is particularly drawn to the fact that the intensity of shock due to an earthquake could
vary locally at any place due to variation in soil conditions. Earthquake response of systems would
be affected by different types of foundation system in addition to variation of ground motion due to
various types of soils. Considering the effects in a gross manner, the standard gives guidelines for
arriving at design seismic coefficients based on stiffness of base soil.
It is important to note that the seismic coefficient, used in the design of any structure, is
dependent on many variable factors and it is an extremely difficult task to determine the exact
seismic coefficient in each given case. It is, therefore, necessary to indicate broadly the seismic
coefficients that could generally be adopted in different parts or zones of the country though, of
course, a rigorous analysis considering all the factors involved has to be made in the case of all
important projects in order to arrive at a suitable seismic coefficients for design. The Sectional
Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard has attempted to include a seismic
zoning map ( see Fig. 1 ) for this purpose. The object of this map is to classify the area of the
country into a number of zones in which one may reasonably expect earthquake shaking of more or
less same maximum intensity in future. The Intensity as per Comprehensive Intensity Scale
(MSK64) ( see Annex D ) broadly associated with the various zones is VI (or less), VII, VIII and IX
(and above) for Zones II, III, IV and V respectively. The maximum seismic ground acceleration in

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

each zone cannot be presently predicted with accuracy either on a deterministic or on a

probabilistic basis. The basic zone factors included herein are reasonable estimates of effective
peak ground accelerations for the design of various structures covered in this standard. Zone
factors for some important towns are given in Annex E.
Base isolation and energy absorbing devices may be used for earthquake resistant design. Only
standard devices having detailed experimental data on the performance should be used. The
designer must demonstrate by detailed analyses that these devices provide sufficient protection to
the buildings and equipment as envisaged in this standard. Performance of locally assembled
isolation and energy absorbing devices should be evaluated experimentally before they are used in
practice. Design of buildings and equipment using such device should be reviewed by the
competent authority.
Base isolation systems are found useful for short period structures, say less than 0.7s including
soil-structure interaction.
In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has been given to international coordination
among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the
practices in the field in this country. Assistance has particularly been derived from the following
publications:
a) UBC 1994, Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials,
Whittier, California, U. S. A. 1994.
b) NEHRP 1991, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings, Part 1 : Provisions, Report No. FEMA 222, Federal
Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D. C., U. S. A., January 1992.
c) NEHRP 1991, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings, Part 2 : Commentary, Report No.FEMA 223, Federal
Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D. C., U. S. A., January 1992.
d) NZS 4203 : 1992, Code of Practice for General Structural Design and Design Loadings for
Buildings, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992
In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been given by the Department of
Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee; Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur; IIT
Bombay, Mumbai; Geological Survey of India; India Meteorological Department, and several other
organizations.
The units used with the items covered by the symbols shall be consistent throughout this
standard, unless specifically noted otherwise.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in
Annex F.
This edition 6.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (January 2005). Side bar indicates modification of
the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded
off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number
of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified
value in this standard.

(Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39)

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As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS

( Fifth Revision )
1 SCOPE IS No. Title
1.1 This standard (Part 1) deals with 1343 : 1980 Code of practice for pre-stressed
assessment of seismic loads on various concrete ( first revision )
structures and earthquake resistant design of
buildings. Its basic provisions are applicable to 1498 : 1970 Classification and identification
buildings; elevated structures; industrial and of soil for general engineering
stack like structures; bridges; concrete masonry purposes ( first revision )
and earth dams; embankments and retaining 1888 : 1982 Method of load test on soils
walls and other structures. ( second revision )
1.2 Temporary elements such as scaffolding, 1893 (Part 4) Criteria for earthquake resistant
temporary excavations need not be designed for design of structures : Part 4
earthquake forces. Industrial structures including
1.3 This standard does not deal with the stack like structures
construction features relating to earthquake 2131 : 1981 Method of standard penetration
resistant design in buildings and other test for soils ( first revision )
structures. For guidance on earthquake
resistant construction of buildings, reference 2809 : 1972 Glossary of terms and symbols
may be made to the following Indian relating to soil engineering ( first
Standards: revision )
IS 4326, IS 13827, IS 13828, IS 13920 and IS 2810 : 1979 Glossary of terms relating to soil
13935. dynamics ( first revision )

2 REFERENCES 4326 : 1993 Earthquake resistant design and

construction of buildings — Code
2.1 The following Indian Standards are of practice ( second revision )
necessary adjuncts to this standard:
6403 : 1981 Code of practice for
IS No. Title determination of bearing
456 : 2000 Code of practice for plain and capacity of shallow foundations
reinforced concrete ( fourth ( first revision )
revision ) 13827 : 1993 Improving earthquake resistance
800 : 1984 Code of practice for general of earthen buildings —
construction in steel ( second Guidelines
revision ) 13828 : 1993 Improving earthquake resistance
875 Code of practice for design loads of low strength masonry
(other than earthquake) for buildings — Guidelines
buildings and structures: 13920 : 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced
(Part 1) : 1987 Dead loads — Unit weights of concrete structures subjected to
building material and stored seismic forces — Code of practice
material ( second revision ) 13935 : 1993 Repair and seismic
(Part 2) : 1987 Imposed loads ( second revision ) strengthening of buildings —
Guidelines
(Part 3) : 1987 Wind loads ( second revision )
SP 6 (6) : 1972 Handbook for structural
(Part 4) : 1987 Snow loads ( second revision ) engineers: Application of plastic
(Part 5) : 1987 Special loads and load theory in design of steel
combinations ( second revision ) structures

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

3 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE 3.11 Effective Peak Ground Acceleration

ENGINEERING (EPGA)
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the It is 0.4 times the 5 percent damped average
following definitions shall apply which are spectral acceleration between period 0.1 to
applicable generally to all structures. 0.3 s. This shall be taken as Zero Period
Acceleration (ZPA).
NOTE — For the definitions of terms pertaining to soil
mechanics and soil dynamics references may be made to 3.12 Floor Response Spectra
IS 2809 and IS 2810.
Floor response spectra is the response spectra
3.2 Closely-Spaced Modes for a time history motion of a floor. This floor
motion time history is obtained by an analysis of
Closely-spaced modes of a structure are those of multi-storey building for appropriate material
its natural modes of vibration whose natural damping values subjected to a specified
frequencies differ from each other by 10 percent earthquake motion at the base of structure.
or less of the lower frequency. 3.13 Focus
3.3 Critical Damping The originating earthquake source of the
elastic waves inside the earth which cause
The damping beyond which the free vibration shaking of ground due to earthquake.
motion will not be oscillatory. 3.14 Importance Factor ( I )
3.4 Damping It is a factor used to obtain the design seismic
force depending on the functional use of the
The effect of internal friction, imperfect structure, characterised by hazardous
elasticity of material, slipping, sliding, etc in consequences of its failure, its post-earthquake
reducing the amplitude of vibration and is functional need, historic value, or economic
expressed as a percentage of critical damping. importance.
3.5 Design Acceleration Spectrum 3.15 Intensity of Earthquake

Design acceleration spectrum refers to an The intensity of an earthquake at a place is a

measure of the strength of shaking during the
average smoothened plot of maximum
earthquake, and is indicated by a number
acceleration as a function of frequency or time
according to the modified Mercalli Scale or
period of vibration for a specified damping ratio
M.S.K. Scale of seismic intensities ( see
for earthquake excitations at the base of a
Annex D ).
single degree of freedom system.
3.16 Liquefaction
3.6 Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) Liquefaction is a state in saturated
It is the earthquake which can reasonably be cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear
expected to occur at least once during the strength is reduced to negligible value for all
design life of the structure. engineering purpose due to pore pressure
caused by vibrations during an earthquake
3.7 Design Horizontal Acceleration when they approach the total confining
Coefficient ( Ah ) pressure. In this condition the soil tends to
behave like a fluid mass.
It is a horizontal acceleration coefficient that 3.17 Lithological Features
shall be used for design of structures.
The nature of the geological formation of the
3.8 Design Lateral Force earths crust above bed rock on the basis of such
characteristics as colour, structure,
It is the horizontal seismic force prescribed by mineralogical composition and grain size.
this standard, that shall be used to design a
structure. 3.18 Magnitude of Earthquake (Richter’s
Magnitude)
3.9 Ductility The magnitude of earthquake is a number,
Ductility of a structure, or its members, is the which is a measure of energy released in an
capacity to undergo large inelastic deformations earthquake. It is defined as logarithm to the
base 10 of the maximum trace amplitude,
without significant loss of strength or stiffness.
expressed in microns, which the standard
3.10 Epicentre short-period torsion seismometer (with a period
of 0.8 s, magnification 2 800 and damping
The geographical point on the surface of earth nearly critical) would register due to the
vertically above the focus of the earthquake. earthquake at an epicentral distance of 100 km.

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3.19 Maximum Considered Earthquake of idealized single degree freedom systems

(MCE) having certain period and damping, during
earthquake ground motion. The maximum
The most severe earthquake effects considered
response is plotted against the undamped
by this standard.
natural period and for various damping values,
3.20 Modal Mass ( Mk ) and can be expressed in terms of maximum
Modal mass of a structure subjected to absolute acceleration, maximum relative
horizontal or vertical, as the case maybe, velocity, or maximum relative displacement.
ground motion is a part of the total seismic 3.28 Seismic Mass
mass of the structure that is effective in mode k It is the seismic weight divided by acceleration
of vibration. The modal mass for a given mode due to gravity.
has a unique value irrespective of scaling of the
mode shape. 3.29 Seismic Weight ( W )

3.21 Modal Participation Factor ( Pk ) It is the total dead load plus appropriate
amounts of specified imposed load.
Modal participation factor of mode k of 3.30 Structural Response Factors ( Sa/g )
vibration is the amount by which mode k
contributes to the overall vibration of the It is a factor denoting the acceleration response
structure under horizontal and vertical spectrum of the structure subjected to
earthquake ground motions. Since the earthquake ground vibrations, and depends on
amplitudes of 95 percent mode shapes can be natural period of vibration and damping of the
scaled arbitrarily, the value of this factor structure.
depends on the scaling used for mode shapes. 3.31 Tectonic Features
3.22 Modes of Vibration ( see Normal The nature of geological formation of the bed
Mode ) rock in the earth’s crust revealing regions
characterized by structural features, such as
3.23 Mode Shape Coefficient (φik) dislocation, distortion, faults, folding, thrusts,
When a system is vibrating in normal mode k, volcanoes with their age of formation, which
at any particular instant of time, the amplitude are directly involved in the earth movement or
of mass i expressed as a ratio of the amplitude quake resulting in the above consequences.
of one of the masses of the system, is known as 3.32 Time History Analysis
mode shape coefficient (φik).
It is an analysis of the dynamic response of the
3.24 Natural Period ( T ) structure at each increment of time, when its
Natural period of a structure is its time period base is subjected to a specific ground motion
of undamped free vibration. time history.
3.33 Zone Factor ( Z )
3.24.1 Fundamental Natural Period ( T1 )
It is a factor to obtain the design spectrum
It is the first (longest) modal time period of depending on the perceived maximum seismic
vibration. risk characterized by Maximum Considered
3.24.2 Modal Natural Period ( Tk ) Earthquake (MCE) in the zone in which the
structure is located. The basic zone factors
The modal natural period of mode k is the time
included in this standard are reasonable
period of vibration in mode k.
estimate of effective peak ground acceleration.
3.25 Normal Mode 3.34 Zero Period Acceleration (ZPA)
A system is said to be vibrating in a normal It is the value of acceleration response
mode when all its masses attain maximum spectrum for period below 0.03 s (frequencies
values of displacements and rotations above 33 Hz).
simultaneously, and pass through equilibrium
positions simultaneously. 4 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING OF BUILDINGS
3.26 Response Reduction Factor ( R )
4.1 For the purpose of earthquake resistant
It is the factor by which the actual base shear design of buildings in this standard, the
force, that would be generated if the structure following definitions shall apply.
were to remain elastic during its response to the
4.2 Base
Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) shaking, shall
be reduced to obtain the design lateral force. It is the level at which inertia forces generated
in the structure are transferred to the
3.27 Response Spectrum foundation, which then transfers these forces to
The representation of the maximum response the ground.

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

4.3 Base Dimensions ( d ) 4.14 Lateral Force Resisting Element

Base dimension of the building along a It is part of the structural system assigned to
direction is the dimension at its base, in metre, resist lateral forces.
along that direction. 4.15 Moment-Resisting Frame
4.4 Centre of Mass It is a frame in which members and joints are
The point through which the resultant of the capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure.
masses of a system acts. This point corresponds 4.15.1 Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame
to the centre of gravity of masses of system. It is a moment-resisting frame not meeting
4.5 Centre of Stiffness special detailing requirements for ductile
behaviour.
The point through which the resultant of the
restoring forces of a system acts. 4.15.2 Special Moment-Resisting Frame
It is a moment-resisting frame specially
4.6 Design Eccentricity ( edi )
detailed to provide ductile behaviour and
It is the value of eccentricity to be used at floor i comply with the requirements given in IS 4326
in torsion calculations for design. or IS 13920 or SP6 (6).
4.7 Design Seismic Base Shear ( VB ) 4.16 Number of Storeys ( n )

It is the total design lateral force at the base of Number of storeys of a building is the number
a structure. of levels above the base. This excludes the
basement storeys, where basement walls are
4.8 Diaphragm connected with the ground floor deck or fitted
between the building columns. But, it includes
It is a horizontal, or nearly horizontal system, the basement storeys, when they are not so
which transmits lateral forces to the vertical connected.
resisting elements, for example, reinforced
concrete floors and horizontal bracing systems. 4.17 Principal Axes

4.9 Dual System Principal axes of a building are generally two

mutually perpendicular horizontal directions in
Buildings with dual system consist of shear plan of a building along which the geometry of
walls (or braced frames) and moment resisting the building is oriented.
frames such that:
4.18 P-∆
∆ Effect
a) The two systems are designed to resist the
total design lateral force in proportion to It is the secondary effect on shears and
their lateral stiffness considering the moments of frame members due to action of the
interaction of the dual system at all floor vertical loads, interacting with the lateral
levels; and displacement of building resulting from seismic
forces.
b) The moment resisting frames are designed
to independently resist at least 25 percent 4.19 Shear Wall
of the design base shear. It is a wall designed to resist lateral forces
4.10 Height of Floor ( hi ) acting in its own plane.
4.20 Soft Storey
It is the difference in levels between the base of
the building and that of floor i. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less
than 70 percent of that in the storey above or
4.11 Height of Structure ( h ) less than 80 percent of the average lateral
It is the difference in levels, in metres, between stiffness of the three storeys above.
its base and its highest level. 4.21 Static Eccentricity ( esi )
4.12 Horizontal Bracing System It is the distance between centre of mass and
centre of rigidity of floor i.
It is a horizontal truss system that serves the
same function as a diaphragm. 4.22 Storey
4.13 Joint It is the space between two adjacent floors.
4.23 Storey Drift
It is the portion of the column that is common
to other members, for example, beams, framing It is the displacement of one level relative to
into it. the other level above or below.

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

4.24 Storey Shear ( Vi )

n Number of storeys
It is the sum of design lateral forces at all levels
above the storey under consideration. N SPT value for soil
4.25 Weak Storey Pk Modal participation factor of mode k
It is one in which the storey lateral strength is Qi Lateral force at floor i
less than 80 percent of that in the storey above.
The storey lateral strength is the total strength Qik Design lateral force at floor i in mode k
of all seismic force resisting elements sharing r Number of modes to be considered as
the storey shear in the considered direction. per 7.8.4.2
5 SYMBOLS R Response reduction factor
The symbols and notations given below apply to Sa/g Average response acceleration
the provisions of this standard: coefficient for rock or soil sites as
Ah Design horizontal seismic coefficient given by Fig. 2 and Table 3 based on
appropriate natural periods and
Ak Design horizontal acceleration damping of the structure
spectrum value for mode k of vibration
T Undamped natural period of vibration
bi ith Floor plan dimension of the
building perpendicular to the of the structure (in second)
direction of force Ta Approximate foundamental period (in
c Index for the closely-spaced modes seconds)

d Base dimension of the building, in Tk Undamped natural period of mode k

metres, in the direction in which the of vibration (in second)
seismic force is considered. Tl Foundamental natural period of
DL Response quantity due to dead load vibration (in second)
edi Design eccentricity to be used at floor VB Design seismic base shear
i calculated as per 7.8.2
VB Design base shear calculated using
esi Static eccentricity at floor i defined as the approximate fundamental period
the distance between centre of mass Ta
and centre of rigidity
Vi Peak storey shear force in storey i due
ELx Response quantity due to earthquake to all modes considered
load for horizontal shaking along
x-direction Vik Shear force in storey i in mode k
ELy Response quantity due to earthquake V roof Peak storey shear force at the roof due
load for horizontal shaking along to all modes considered
y-direction W Seismic weight of the structure
ELz Response quantity due to earthquake
Wi Seismic weight of floor i
load for vertical shaking along
z-direction Z Zone factor
Froof Design lateral forces at the roof due to φik Mode shape coefficient at floor i in
all modes considered mode k
Fi Design lateral forces at the floor i due λ Peak response (for example member
to all modes considered forces, displacements, storey forces,
g Acceleration due to gravity storey shears or base reactions) due to
all modes considered
h Height of structure, in metres
λk Absolute value of maximum response
hi Height measured from the base of the in mode k
building to floor i
λc Absolute value of maximum response
I Importance factor
in mode c, where mode c is a closely-
IL Response quantity due to imposed spaced mode.
load
λ∗ Peak response due to the closely-
Mk Modal mass of mode k spaced modes only

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

ρij Coefficient used in the Complete actual and design lateral loads.
Quadratic Combination (CQC) Reinforced and prestressed concrete members
method while combining responses of shall be suitably designed to ensure that
modes i and j premature failure due to shear or bond does not
ωi Circular frequency in rad/second in occur, subject to the provisions of IS 456 and IS
the ith mode 1343. Provisions for appropriate ductile
detailing of reinforced concrete members are
6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN given in IS 13920.
CRITERIA
In steel structures, members and their
6.1 General Principles connections should be so proportioned that high
6.1.1 Ground Motion ductility is obtained vide SP 6 (Part 6), avoiding
premature failure due to elastic or inelastic
The characteristics (intensity, duration, etc) of buckling of any type.
seismic ground vibrations expected at any
location depends upon the magnitude of The specified earthquake loads are based upon
earthquake, its depth of focus, distance from postelastic energy dissipation in the structure
the epicentre, characteristics of the path and because of this fact, the provision of this
through which the seismic waves travel, and standard for design, detailing and construction
the soil strata on which the structure stands. shall be satisfied even for structures and
The random earthquake ground motions, which members for which load combinations that do
cause the structure to vibrate, can be resolved not contain the earthquake effect indicate
in any three mutually perpendicular directions. larger demands than combinations including
The predominant direction of ground vibration earthquake.
is usually horizontal. 6.1.4 Soil-Structure Interaction
Earthquake-generated vertical inertia forces are The soil-structure interaction refers to the
to be considered in design unless checked and effects of the supporting foundation medium on
proven by specimen calculations to be not the motion of structure. The soil-structure
significant. Vertical acceleration should be interaction may not be considered in the
considered in structures with large spans, those seismic analysis for structures supported on
in which stability is a criterion for design, or for rock or rock-like material.
overall stability analysis of structures. Reduction 6.1.5 The design lateral force specified in this
in gravity force due to vertical component of standard shall be considered in each of the two
ground motions can be particularly detrimental orthogonal horizontal directions of the
in cases of prestressed horizontal members and structure. For structures which have lateral
of cantilevered members. Hence, special force resisting elements in the two orthogonal
attention should be paid to the effect of vertical directions only, the design lateral force shall be
component of the ground motion on prestressed considered along one direction at a time, and
or cantilevered beams, girders and slabs. not in both directions simultaneously.
6.1.2 The response of a structure to ground Structures, having lateral force resisting
vibrations is a function of the nature of elements (for example frames, shear walls) in
foundation soil; materials, form, size and mode of directions other than the two orthogonal
construction of structures; and the duration and directions, shall be analysed considering the
characteristics of ground motion. This standard load combinations specified in 6.3.2.
specifies design forces for structures standing on Where both horizontal and vertical seismic
rocks or soils which do not settle, liquefy or slide forces are taken into account, load combinations
due to loss of strength during ground vibrations. specified in 6.3.3 shall be considered.
6.1.3 The design approach adopted in this 6.1.6 Equipment and other systems, which are
standard is to ensure that structures possess at supported at various floor levels of the
least a minimum strength to withstand minor structure, will be subjected to motions
earthquakes (<DBE), which occur frequently, corresponding to vibration at their support
without damage; resist moderate earthquakes points. In important cases, it may be necessary
(DBE) without significant structural damage to obtain floor response spectra for design of
though some non-structural damage may occur; equipment supports. For detail reference be
and aims that structures withstand a major made to IS 1893 (Part 4).
earthquake (MCE) without collapse. Actual
forces that appear on structures during 6.1.7 Additions to Existing Structures
earthquakes are much greater than the design Additions shall be made to existing structures
forces specified in this standard. However, only as follows:
ductility, arising from inelastic material a) An addition that is structurally
behaviour and detailing, and overstrength, independent from an existing structures
arising from the additional reserve strength in shall be designed and constructed in
structures over and above the design strength, accordance with the seismic requirements
are relied upon to account for this difference in for new structures.
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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

b) An additions that is not structurally structure, these shall be combined as per

independent from an existing structure 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.2 where the terms DL, IL and
shall be designed and constructed such EL stand for the response quantities due to
that the entire structure conforms to the dead load, imposed load and designated
seismic force resistance requirements for earthquake load respectively.
new structures unless the following three
conditions are complied with: 6.3.1.1 Load factors for plastic design of steel
structures
1) The addition shall comply with the
requirements for new structures, In the plastic design of steel structures, the
following load combinations shall be accounted
2) The addition shall not increase the for:
seismic forces in any structural
elements of the existing structure by 1) 1.7 ( DL + IL )
more than 5 percent unless the 2) 1.7 ( DL ± EL )
capacity of the element subject to the
3) 1.3 ( DL + IL ± EL )
increased force is still in compliance
with this standard, and 6.3.1.2 Partial safety factors for limit state
3) The addition shall not decrease the design of reinforced concrete and prestressed
seismic resistance of any structural concrete structures
element of the existing structure
unless reduced resistance is equal to In the limit state design of reinforced and
or greater than that required for new prestressed concrete structures, the following
structures. load combinations shall be accounted for:
1) 1.5 ( DL + IL )
6.1.8 Change in Occupancy
2) 1.2 ( DL + IL ± EL )
When a change of occupancy results in a
structure being re-classified to a higher 3) 1.5 ( DL ± EL )
importance factor ( I ), the structure shall 4) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 EL
conform to the seismic requirements for a new
structure with the higher importance factor. 6.3.2 Design Horizontal Earthquake Load
6.2 Assumptions 6.3.2.1 When the lateral load resisting
The following assumptions shall be made in the elements are oriented along orthogonal
earthquake resistant design of structures: horizontal direction, the structure shall be
designed for the effects due to full design
a) Earthquake causes impulsive ground earthquake load in one horizontal direction at
motions, which are complex and irreular time.
in character, changing in period and
amplitude each lasting for a small 6.3.2.2 When the lateral load resisting
duration. Therefore, resonance of the type elements are not oriented along the orthogonal
as visualized under steady-state horizontal directions, the structure shall be
sinusoidal excitations, will not occur as it designed for the effects due to full design
would need time to build up such earthquake load in one horizontal direction
amplitudes. plus 30 percent of the design earthquake load
NOTE — However, there are exceptions where in the other direction.
resonance-like conditions have been seen to occur NOTE — For instance, the building should be designed
between long distance waves and tall structures for ( ± ELx ± 0.3 ELy ) as well as ( ± 0.3 ELx ± ELy ),
founded on deep soft soils. where x and y are two orthogonal horizontal directions,
b) Earthquake is not likely to occur EL in 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.2 shall be replaced by ( ELx ±
0.3 ELy ) or ( ELy ± 0.3 ELx ).
simultaneously with wind or maximum
flood or maximum sea waves. 6.3.3 Design Vertical Earthquake Load
c) The value of elastic modulus of materials, When effects due to vertical earthquake loads
wherever required, may be taken as for are to be considered, the design vertical force
static analysis unless a more definite shall be calculated in accordance with 6.4.5.
value is available for use in such condition
( see IS 456, IS 1343 and IS 800 ). 6.3.4 Combination for Two or Three Component
Motion
6.3 Load Combination and Increase in
Permissible Stresses 6.3.4.1 When responses from the three
earthquake components are to be considered,
6.3.1 Load Combinations the responses due to each component may be
When earthquake forces are considered on a combined using the assumption that when the

13
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

maximum response from one component occurs, 15 in seismic Zones III, IV, V and less than 10
the responses from the other two component in seismic Zone II, the vibration caused by
are 30 percent of their maximum. All possible earthquake may cause liquefaction or excessive
combinations of the three components ( ELx, total and differential settlements. Such sites
ELy and ELz ) including variations in sign should preferably be avoided while locating
(plus or minus) shall be considered. Thus, the new settlements or important projects.
response due earthquake force ( EL ) is the Otherwise, this aspect of the problem needs to
maximum of the following three cases: be investigated and appropriate methods of
1) ± ELx ± 0.3 ELy ± 0.3 ELz compaction or stabilization adopted to achieve
suitable N-values as indicated in Note 3 under
2) ± ELy ± 0.3 ELx ± 0.3 ELz Table 1. Alternatively, deep pile foundation
3) ± ELz ± 0.3 ELx ± 0.3 ELy may be provided and taken to depths well into
the layer which is not likely to liquefy. Marine
where x and y are two orthogonal directions clays and other sensitive clays are also known
and z is vertical direction. to liquefy due to collapse of soil structure and
6.3.4.2 As an alternative to the procedure will need special treatment according to site
in 6.3.4.1, the response ( EL ) due to the condition.
combined effect of the three components can be NOTE — Specialist literature may be referred for
obtained on the basis of ‘square root of the sum determining liquefaction potential of a site.
of the square (SRSS)’ that is 6.4 Design Spectrum
EL = 2 2 2 6.4.1 For the purpose of determining seismic
( ELx ) + ( ELy ) + ( ELz ) forces, the country is classified into four seismic
NOTE — The combination procedure of 6.3.4.1 and zones as shown in Fig. 1.
6.3.4.2 apply to the same response quantity (say, 6.4.2 The design horizontal seismic coefficient
moment in a column about its major axis, or storey
shear in a frame) due to different components of the Ah for a structure shall be determined by the
ground motion. following expression:
6.3.4.3 When two component motions (say one Z IS
horizontal and one vertical, or only two Ah = -----------------a-
2 Rg
horizontal) are combined, the equations
in 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2 should be modified by Provided that for any structure with T ≤ 0.1 s,
deleting the term representing the response due the value of Ah will not be taken less than Z/2
whatever be the value of I/R
to the component of motion not being considered.
where
6.3.5 Increase in Permissible Stresses
Z = Zone factor given in Table 2, is
6.3.5.1 Increase in permissible stresses in for the Maximum Considered
materials Earthquake (MCE) and service life
When earthquake forces are considered along of structure in a zone. The factor 2
with other normal design forces, the in the denominator of Z is used so
permissible stresses in material, in the elastic as to reduce the Maximum
method of design, may be increased by Considered Earthquake (MCE)
one-third. However, for steels having a definite zone factor to the factor for Design
yield stress, the stress be limited to the yield Basis Earthquake (DBE)
stress, for steels without a definite yield point, I = Importance factor, depending upon
the stress will be limited to 80 percent of the the functional use of the structures,
ultimate strength or 0.2 percent proof stress, characterised by hazardous
whichever is smaller; and that in prestressed consequences of its failure, post-
concrete members, the tensile stress in the earthquake functional needs,
extreme fibers of the concrete may be permitted historical value, or economic
so as not to exceed two-thirds of the modulus of importance (Table 6).
rupture of concrete. R = Response reduction factor,
depending on the perceived seismic
6.3.5.2 Increase in allowable pressure in soils damage performance of the
When earthquake forces are included, the structure, characterised by ductile
allowable bearing pressure in soils shall be or brittle deformations. However,
increased as per Table 1, depending upon type of the ratio ( I/R ) shall not be greater
foundation of the structure and the type of soil. than 1.0 (Table 7). The values of R
In soil deposits consisting of submerged loose for buildings are given in Table7.
sands and soils falling under classification SP Sa/g = Average response acceleration
with standard penetration N-values less than coefficient for rock or soil sites as

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Table 1 Percentage of Permissible Increase in Allowable Bearing Pressure or

Resistance of Soils
( Clause 6.3.5.2 )

Sl No. Foundation Type of Soil Mainly Constituting the Foundation
































Type I Rock or Hard Type II Medium Soils: All Type III Soft Soils : All
Soil: Well graded gravel soils with N between 10 soil other than SP1)
and sand gravel and 30, and poorly graded with N < 10
mixtures with or without sands or gravelly sands
clay binder, and clayey with little or no fines (SP1))
sands poorly graded or with N > 15
sand clay mixtures (GB,
CW, SB, SW, and SC)1)
having N2) above 30,
where N is the standard
penetration value

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

i) Piles passing through any soil 50 50 50

but resting on soil type I

ii) Piles not covered under item i — 25 25

iii) Raft foundations 50 50 50

iv) Combined isolated RCC footing 50 25 25

with tie beams

v) Isolated RCC footing without tie 50 25 —

beams, or unreinforced strip
foundations

vi) Well foundations 50 25 25

NOTES

1 The allowable bearing pressure shall be determined in accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888.

2 If any increase in bearing pressure has already been permitted for forces other than seismic forces, the total increase
in allowable bearing pressure when seismic force is also included shall not exceed the limits specified above.

3 Desirable minimum field values of N — If soils of smaller N-values are met, compacting may be adopted to achieve
these values or deep pile foundations going to stronger strata should be used.

4 The values of N (corrected values) are at the founding level and the allowable bearing pressure shall be determined in
accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888.

Seismic Zone Depth Below Ground N-Values Remark

level ( in metres )

III, IV and V ≤5 15

≥ 10 25 For values of depths between 5 m

and 10 m, linear interpolation is
II (for important ≤5 10 recommended
structures only) ≥ 10 20

5 The piles should be designed for lateral loads neglecting lateral resistance of soil layers liable to liquefy.

6 IS 1498 and IS 2131 may also be referred.

7 Isolated R.C.C. footing without tie beams, or unreinforced strip foundation shall not be permitted in soft soils with
N < 10.

1) See IS 1498.

2) See IS 2131.

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

given by Fig. 2 and Table 3 based on structures and foundations placed between the
appropriate natural periods and damping of ground level and 30 m depth, the design
the structure. These curves represent free horizontal acceleration spectrum value shall be
field ground motion. linearly interpolated between Ah and 0.5 Ah,
NOTE — For various types of structures, the values of where Ah is as specified in 6.4.2.
Importance Factor I, Response Reduction Factor R, and 6.4.5 The design acceleration spectrum for
damping values are given in the respective parts of this
standard. The method (empirical or otherwise) to vertical motions, when required, may be taken
calculate the natural periods of the structure to be as two-thirds of the design horizontal
adopted for evaluating Sa/g is also given in the acceleration spectrum specified in 6.4.2.
respective parts of this standard.
Figure 2 shows the proposed 5 percent spectra
Table 2 Zone Factor, Z
for rocky and soils sites and Table 3 gives the
( Clause 6.4.2 ) multiplying factors for obtaining spectral
Seismic II III IV V
values for various other dampings.
Zone For rocky, or hard soil sites
Seismic Low Moderate Severe Very  1 + 15 T; 0.00≤T≤0.10
Intensity Severe
Sa 
------ =  2.50 0.10≤T≤0.40
g 
Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36  1.00/T 0.40≤T≤4.00
For medium soil sites
6.4.3 Where a number of modes are to be
considered for dynamic analysis, the value of  1 + 15 T, 0.00≤T≤0.10
Sa 
Ah as defined in 6.4.2 for each mode shall be ------ =  2.50 0.10≤T≤0.55
determined using the natural period of g 
 1.36/T 0.55≤T≤4.00
vibration of that mode. For soft soil sites
6.4.4 For underground structures and  1 + 15 T; 0.00≤T≤0.10
foundations at depths of 30 m or below, the design Sa 
------ =  2.50 0.10≤T≤0.67
horizontal acceleration spectrum value shall be g 
taken as half the value obtained from 6.4.2. For  1.67/T 0.67≤T≤4.00

FIG. 2 RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR ROCK AND SOIL SITES FOR 5 PERCENT DAMPING

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

6.4.6 In case design spectrum is specifically earthquake loads [that is, in load combinations
prepared for a structure at a particular project (3) in 6.3.1.1, and (2) in 6.3.1.2]. No further
site, the same may be used for design at the reduction in the imposed load will be used as
discretion of the project authorities. envisaged in IS 875 (Part 2) for number of
storeys above the one under consideration or
7 BUILDINGS for large spans of beams or floors.

7.1 Regular and Irregular Configuration 7.3.4 The proportions of imposed load indicated
above for calculating the lateral design forces
To perform well in an earthquake, a building for earthquakes are applicable to average
should possess four main attributes, namely conditions. Where the probable loads at the
simple and regular configuration, and adequate time of earthquake are more accurately
lateral strength, stiffness and ductility. assessed, the designer may alter the
Buildings having simple regular geometry and proportions indicated or even replace the entire
uniformly distributed mass and stiffness in imposed load proportions by the actual
plan as well as in elevation, suffer much less assessed load. In such cases, where the imposed
damage than buildings with irregular load is not assessed as per 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 only
configurations. A building shall be considered that part of imposed load, which possesses
as irregular for the purposes of this standard, if mass, shall be considered. Lateral design force
at least one of the conditions given in Tables 4 for earthquakes shall not be calculated on
and 5 is applicable. contribution of impact effects from imposed
loads.
7.2 Importance Factor I and Response
Reduction Factor R 7.3.5 Other loads apart from those given above
(for example snow and permanent equipment)
The minimum value of importance factor, I, for shall be considered as appropriate.
different building systems shall be as given in
Table 6. The response reduction factor, R, for 7.4 Seismic Weight
different building systems shall be as given in
Table 7. 7.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floors
7.3 Design Imposed Loads for Earthquakes The seismic weight of each floor is its full dead
Force Calculation load plus appropriate amount of imposed load,
as specified in 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. While computing
7.3.1 For various loading classes as specified in the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of
IS 875 (Part 2), the earthquake force shall be columns and walls in any storey shall be
calculated for the full dead load plus the equally distributed to the floors above and
percentage of imposed load as given in Table 8. below the storey.
7.3.2 For calculating the design seismic forces 7.4.2 Seismic Weight of Building
of the structure, the imposed load on roof need
not be considered. The seismic weight of the whole building is the
sum of the seismic weights of all the floors.
7.3.3 The percentage of imposed loads given
in 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 shall also be used for ‘Whole 7.4.3 Any weight supported in between storeys
frame loaded’ condition in the load shall be distributed to the floors above and
combinations specified in 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.2 below in inverse proportion to its distance from
where the gravity loads are combined with the the floors.

Table 3 Multiplying Factors for Obtaining Values for Other Damping

( Clause 6.4.2 )
Damping, 0 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30
percent

Factors 3.20 1.40 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.50

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Table 4 Definitions of Irregular Buildings — Table 5 — Concluded

Plan Irregularities (Fig. 3)
( Clause 7.1 ) Sl No. Irregularity Type and Description

Sl No. Irregularity Type and Description (1) (2)

(1) (2) ii) Mass Irregularity
i) Torsion Irregularity Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where
To be considered when floor diaphragms are rigid in the seismic weight of any storey is more than 200
their own plan in relation to the vertical structural percent of that of its adjacent storeys. The
elements that resist the lateral forces. Torsional irregularity need not be considered in case of roofs
irregularity to be considered to exist when the
maximum storey drift, computed with design iii) Vertical Geometric Irregularity
eccentricity, at one end of the structures transverse Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered
to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the to exist where the horizontal dimension of the
storey drifts at the two ends of the structure lateral force resisting system in any storey is more
ii) Re-entrant Corners than 150 percent of that in its adjacent storey
Plan configurations of a structure and its lateral iv) In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Elements
force resisting system contain re-entrant corners, Resisting Lateral Force
where both projections of the structure beyond the
re-entrant corner are greater than 15 percent of its A in-plane offset of the lateral force resisting
plan dimension in the given direction elements greater than the length of those elements
iii) Diaphragm Discontinuity v) Discontinuity in Capacity — Weak Strorey
Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or
A weak storey is one in which the storey lateral
variations in stiffness, including those having
strength is less than 80 percent of that in the storey
cut-out or open areas greater than 50 percent of the
above. The storey lateral strength is the total
gross enclosed diaphragm area, or changes in
strength of all seismic force resisting elements
effective diaphragm stiffness of more than 50
sharing the storey shear in the considered direction.
percent from one storey to the next
iv) Out-of-Plane Offsets
Discontinuities in a lateral force resistance path, Table 6 Importance Factors, I
such as out-of-plane offsets of vertical elements ( Clause 6.4.2 )
v) Non-parallel Systems
The vertical elements resisting the lateral force are Sl No. Structure Importance
not parallel to or symmetric about the major Factor
orthogonal axes or the lateral force resisting elements
(1) (2) (3)

i) Important service and community

Table 5 Definition of Irregular Buildings — buildings, such as hospitals; schools;
Vertical Irregularities (Fig.4) monumental structures; emergency
1.5
buildings like telephone exchange,
( Clause 7.1 ) television stations, radio stations,
railway stations, fire station buildings;
Sl No. Irregularity Type and Description
large community halls like cinemas,
(1) (2) assembly halls and subway stations,
power stations
i) a) Stiffness Irregularity — Soft Storey
ii) All other buildings 1.0
A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is NOTES
less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or
less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness 1 The design engineer may choose values of importance
of the three storeys above factor I greater than those mentioned above.
b) Stiffness Irregularity — Extreme Soft Storey 2 Buildings not covered in SI No. (i) and (ii) above may
be designed for higher value of I, depending on economy,
A extreme soft storey is one in which the lateral strategy considerations like multi-storey buildings
stiffness is less than 60 percent of that in the storey having several residential units.
above or less than 70 percent of the average
stiffness of the three storeys above. For example, 3 This does not apply to temporary structures like
buildings on STILTS will fall under this category. excavation, scaffolding etc of short duration.

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

FIG. 3 PLAN IRREGULARITIES — Continued

19
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

FIG. 3 PLAN IRREGULARITIES

20
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

FIG. 4 VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES — Continued

21
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

FIG. 4 VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES

22
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Table 7 Response Reduction Factor1), R, for Building Systems

( Clause 6.4.2 )
Sl No. Lateral Load Resisting System R

(1) (2) (3)

Building Frame Systems

3.0
i) Ordinary RC moment-resisting frame (OMRF)2)

ii) Special RC moment-resisting frame (SMRF)3) 5.0

iii) Steel frame with

4.0
a) Concentric braces
5.0
b) Eccentric braces
5.0
iv) Steel moment resisting frame designed as per SP 6 (6)

Building with Shear Walls4)

v) Load bearing masonry wall buildings5)

1.5
a) Unreinforced
2.5
b) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands

c) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands and vertical bars at corners of rooms and 3.0
jambs of openings
3.0
vi) Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls6)

vii) Ductile shear walls7) 4.0

Buildings with Dual Systems8)

3.0
viii) Ordinary shear wall with OMRF

ix) Ordinary shear wall with SMRF 4.0

4.5
x) Ductile shear wall with OMRF
5.0
xi) Ductile shear wall with SMRF

1) The values of response reduction factors are to be used for buildings with lateral load resisting elements, and not just
for the lateral load resisting elements built in isolation.

2) OMRF are those designed and detailed as per IS 456 or IS 800 but not meeting ductile detailing requirement as per
IS 13920 or SP 6 (6) respectively.

3) SMRF defined in 4.15.2.

4) Buildings with shear walls also include buildings having shear walls and frames, but where:

a) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads, or

b) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads but do not fulfil the requirements of ‘dual systems’.

5) Reinforcement should be as per IS 4326.

6) Prohibited in zones IV and V.

7) Ductile shear walls are those designed and detailed as per IS 13920.

8) Buildings with dual systems consist of shear walls (or braced frames) and moment resisting frames such that:

a) the two systems are designed to resist the total design force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering
the interaction of the dual system at all floor level; and

b) the moment resisting frames are designed to independently resist at least 25 percent of the design seismic base
shear.

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Table 8 Percentage of Imposed Load to be 7.6.2 The approximate fundamental natural

Considered in Seismic Weight Calculation period of vibration ( Ta ), in seconds, of all other
( Clause 7.3.1 ) buildings, including moment-resisting frame
buildings with brick infil panels, may be
Imposed Uniformity Percentage of Imposed estimated by the empirical expression:
Distributed Floor Load
Loads (kN/m2) 0.09 h
Ta = -----------------
(1) (2) d
Upto and including 3.0 25 where
Above 3.0 50 h = Height of building, in m, as
defined in 7.6.1; and
7.5 Design Lateral Force
d = Base dimension of the building at
7.5.1 Buildings and portions there of shall be the plinth level, in m, along the
designed and constructed, to resist the effects of considered direction of the lateral
design lateral force specified in 7.5.3 as a force.
minimum.
7.7 Distribution of Design Force
7.5.2 The design lateral force shall first be
computed for the building as a whole. This 7.7.1 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to
design lateral force shall then be distributed to Different Floor Levels
the various floor levels. The overall design The design base shear ( VB ) computed in 7.5.3
seismic force thus obtained at each floor level, shall be distributed along the height of the
shall then be distributed to individual lateral building as per the following expression:
load resisting elements depending on the floor 2
diaphragm action. Wi hi
Qi = V B ----------------------
n
-
7.5.3 Design Seismic Base Shear 2
The total design lateral force or design seismic ∑ Wj h j
j=l
base shear ( VB ) along any principal direction
shall be determined by the following where
expression: Qi = Design lateral force at floor i,
VB = AhW Wi = Seismic weight of floor i,
where hi = Height of floor i measured from
base, and
Ah = Design horizontal acceleration n = Number of storeys in the building
spectrum value as per 6.4.2, using is the number of levels at which
the fundamental natural period Ta the masses are located.
as per 7.6 in the considered
direction of vibration; and 7.7.2 Distribution of Horizontal Design Lateral
W = Seismic weight of the building as Force to Different Lateral Force Resisting
per 7.4.2. Elements
7.7.2.1 In case of buildings whose floors are
7.6 Fundamental Natural Period capable of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm
7.6.1 The approximate fundamental natural action, the total shear in any horizontal plane
period of vibration ( Ta ), in seconds, of a shall be distributed to the various vertical
moment-resisting frame building without brick elements of lateral force resisting system,
infil panels may be estimated by the empirical assuming the floors to be infinitely rigid in the
expression: horizontal plane.
Ta = 0.075 h0.75 for RC frame building 7.7.2.2 In case of building whose floor
= 0.085 h 0.75 for steel frame building diaphragms can not be treated as infinitely
rigid in their own plane, the lateral shear at
where each floor shall be distributed to the vertical
h = Height of building, in m. This elements resisting the lateral forces,
excludes the basement storeys, considering the in-plane flexibility of the
where basement walls are diaphragms.
connected with the ground floor NOTES
deck or fitted between the building 1 A floor diaphragm shall be considered to be flexible, if
columns. But, it includes the it deforms such that the maximum lateral displacement
measured from the chord of the deformed shape at any
basement storeys, when they are point of the diaphragm is more than 1.5 times the
not so connected. average displacement of the entire diaphragm.

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 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

2 Reinforced concrete monolithic slab-beam floors or building shall be performed as per established
those consisting of prefabricated/precast elements with methods of mechanics using the appropriate
topping reinforced screed can be taken a rigid
diaphragms. masses and elastic stiffness of the structural
system, to obtain natural periods ( T ) and
7.8 Dynamic Analysis mode shapes {φ} of those of its modes of
7.8.1 Dynamic analysis shall be performed to vibration that need to be considered as
obtain the design seismic force, and its per 7.8.4.2.
distribution to different levels along the height 7.8.4.2 Modes to be considered
of the building and to the various lateral load
resisting elements, for the following buildings: The number of modes to be used in the analysis
a) Regular buildings — Those greater than should be such that the sum total of modal
40 m in height in Zones IV and V, and masses of all modes considered is at least 90
those greater than 90 m in height in Zones percent of the total seismic mass and missing
II and III. Modelling as per 7.8.4.5 can be mass correction beyond 33 percent. If modes
used. with natural frequency beyond 33 Hz are to be
considered, modal combination shall be carried
b) Irregular buildings ( as defined in 7.1 )— out only for modes upto 33 Hz. The effect of
All framed buildings higher than 12 m in higher modes shall be included by considering
Zones IV and V, and those greater than missing mass correction following well
40 m in height in Zones II and III. established procedures.
The analytical model for dynamic analysis of 7.8.4.3 Analysis of building subjected to design
buildings with unusual configuration should
forces
be such that it adequately models the
types of irregularities present in the The building may be analyzed by accepted
building configuration. Buildings with plan principles of mechanics for the design forces
irregularities, as defined in Table 4 (as per 7.1), considered as static forces.
cannot be modelled for dynamic analysis by the 7.8.4.4 Modal combination
method given in 7.8.4.5.
NOTE — For irregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in The peak response quantities (for example,
height in Zones II and III, dynamic analysis, even member forces, displacements, storey forces,
though not mandatory, is recommended. storey shears and base reactions) shall be
7.8.2 Dynamic analysis may be performed combined as per Complete Quadratic
either by the Time History Method or by the Combination (CQC) method.
Response Spectrum Method. However, in either
r r
method, the design base shear ( VB ) shall be λ =
compared with a base shear ( V B ) calculated ∑ ∑ λi ρi j λj
using a fundamental period Ta, where Ta is as i=l j=l
per 7.6. Where VB is less than V B all the where
response quantities (for example member
forces, displacements, storey forces, storey r = Number of modes being considered,
shears and base reactions) shall be multiplied ρij = Cross-modal coefficient,
by V B /V B .
λi = Response quantity in mode i
7.8.2.1 The value of damping for buildings may (including sign),
be taken as 2 and 5 percent of the critical, for
the purposes of dynamic analysis of steel and λj = Response quantity in mode j
reinforced concrete buildings, respectively. (including sign),
7.8.3 Time History Method 2 1.5
8 ς ( 1+ β ) β
Pij = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time history method of analysis, when used, 2 2 2 2
shall be based on an appropriate ground motion ( 1 – β ) + 4ς β ( 1 + β )
and shall be performed using accepted ς = Modal damping ratio (in
principles of dynamics. fraction) as specified in 7.8.2.1,
7.8.4 Response Spectrum Method
β = Frequency ratio = ωj/ωi,
Response spectrum method of analysis shall be
ωi = Circular frequency in ith mode,
performed using the design spectrum specified
and
in 6.4.2, or by a site-specific design spectrum
mentioned in 6.4.6. ωj = Circular frequency in jth mode.
7.8.4.1 Free Vibration Analysis Alternatively, the peak response quantities
Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire may be combined as follows:

25
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

a) If the building does not have c) Design Lateral Force at Each Floor in
closely-spaced modes, then the peak Each Mode — The peak lateral force
response quantity ( λ ) due to all ( Qik ) at floor i in mode k is given by
modes considered shall be obtained as Qik = Ak φik Pk Wi
r where
2
λ = ∑ ( λk ) Ak = Design horizontal acceleration
k=l spectrum value as per 6.4.2 using
the natural period of vibration
where ( Tk ) of mode k.
λk = Absolute value of quantity in mode
k, and d) Storey Shear Forces in Each Mode — The
peak shear force ( Vik ) acting in storey i
r = Number of modes being considered. in mode k is given by
b) If the building has a few closely-spaced
n
modes ( see 3.2 ), then the peak
response quantity ( λ* ) due to these
V ik = ∑ Q ik
j = i+l
modes shall be obtained as:
e) Storey Shear Forces due to All Modes
r Considered — The peak storey shear
λ* = ∑ λc′ force ( Vi ) in storey i due to all modes
c considered is obtained by combining
those due to each mode in accordance
where the summation is for the closely-spaced with 7.8.4.4.
modes only. This peak response quantity due to f) Lateral Forces at Each Storey Due to All
the closely spaced modes (λ*) is then combined Modes Considered — The design lateral
with those of the remaining well-separated forces, Froof and Fi, at roof and at floor i:
modes by the method described in 7.8.4.4 (a).
Froof = Vroof, and
7.8.4.5 Buildings with regular, or nominally
irregular plan configurations may be modelled Fi = Vi – Vi+l
as a system of masses lumped at the floor levels 7.9 Torsion
with each mass having one degree of freedom,
that of lateral displacement in the direction 7.9.1 Provision shall be made in all buildings
under consideration. In such a case, the for increase in shear forces on the lateral force
following expressions shall hold in the resisting elements resulting from the
computation of the various quantities: horizontal torsional moment arising due to
eccentricity between the centre of mass and
a) Modal Mass — The modal mass ( Mk ) of
centre of rigidity. The design forces calculated
mode k is given by
n
as in 7.8.4.5 are to be applied at the centre of
2
mass appropriately displaced so as to cause
∑ W i φ ik
design eccentricity (7.9.2) between the
i=l
Mk = ------------------------------------------ displaced centre of mass and centre of rigidity.
n
7.9.2 The design eccentricity, edi to be used at
g ∑ W i ( φ ik )2
floor i shall be taken as:
i=l
where  1.5esi + 0.05 bi
edi = 
g = Acceleration due to gravity,  or esi – 0.05 bi
φik = Mode shape coefficient at floor i in whichever of these gives the more severe effect
mode k, and in the shear of any frame where
Wi = Seismic weight of floor i. edi = Static eccentricity at floor i defined
as the distance between centre of
b) Modal Participation Factors — The modal
mass and centre of rigidity, and
participation factor ( Pk ) of mode k is
given by: bi = Floor plan dimension of floor i,
perpendicular to the direction of
n force.
∑ W i φ ik
NOTE 1 — The factor 1.5 represents dynamic
i=l
Pk = ------------------------------------ amplification factor, while the factor 0.05 represents the
n extent of accidental eccentricity.
2
∑ W i ( φ ik ) NOTE 2 — In case 3D dynamic analysis is carried out, the
i=l dynamic amplification factor of 1.5 be replaced with 1.0.

26
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

7.9.3 In case of highly irregular buildings force resisting system in the direction under
analyzed according to 7.8.4.5, additive shears consideration, do not lose their vertical load-
will be superimposed for a statically applied carrying capacity under the induced moments
eccentricity of ± 0.05bi with respect to the resulting from storey deformations equal to R
centre of rigidity. times the storey displacements calculated as
per 7.11.1, where R is specified in Table 7.
7.10 Buildings with Soft Storey
NOTE — For instance, consider a flat-slab building in
7.10.1 In case buildings with a flexible storey, which lateral load resistance is provided by shear walls.
such as the ground storey consisting of open Since the lateral load resistance of the slab-column
system is small, these are often designed only for the
spaces for parking that is Stilt buildings, gravity loads, while all the seismic force is resisted by
special arrangement needs to be made to the shear walls. Even though the slabs and columns are
increase the lateral strength and stiffness of not required to share the lateral forces, these deform
the soft/open storey. with rest of the structure under seismic force. The
concern is that under such deformations, the
7.10.2 Dynamic analysis of building is carried slab-column system should not lose its vertical load
out including the strength and stiffness effects capacity.
of infills and inelastic deformations in the 7.11.3 Separation Between Adjacent Units
members, particularly, those in the soft storey,
and the members designed accordingly. Two adjacent buildings, or two adjacent units of
the same building with separation joint in
7.10.3 Alternatively, the following design between shall be separated by a distance equal
criteria are to be adopted after carrying out the to the amount R times the sum of the calculated
earthquake analysis, neglecting the effect of storey displacements as per 7.11.1 of each of
infill walls in other storeys: them, to avoid damaging contact when the two
a) the columns and beams of the soft storey units deflect towards each other. When floor
are to be designed for 2.5 times the storey levels of two similar adjacent units or buildings
shears and moments calculated under are at the same elevation levels, factor R in this
seismic loads specified in the other requirement may be replaced by R/2.
relevant clauses; or. 7.12 Miscellaneous
b) besides the columns designed and detailed
7.12.1 Foundations
for the calculated storey shears and
moments, shear walls placed The use of foundations vulnerable to significant
symmetrically in both directions of the differential settlement due to ground shaking
building as far away from the centre of the shall be avoided for structures in seismic Zones
building as feasible; to be designed III, IV and V. In seismic Zones IV and V,
exclusively for 1.5 times the lateral storey individual spread footings or pile caps shall be
shear force calculated as before. shall be interconnected with ties, ( see 5.3.4.1 of
7.11 Deformations IS 4326 ) except when individual spread
footings are directly supported on rock. All ties
7.11.1 Storey Drift Limitation shall be capable of carrying, in tension and in
compression, an axial force equal to Ah/4 times
The storey drift in any storey due to the
the larger of the column or pile cap load, in
minimum specified design lateral force, with
addition to the otherwise computed forces.
partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004
Here, Ah is as per 6.4.2.
times the storey height.
7.12.2 Cantilever Projections
For the purposes of displacement requirements
only ( see 7.11.1,7.11.2 and 7.11.3 only ), it is 7.12.2.1 Vertical projections
permissible to use seismic force obtained from
Tower, tanks, parapets, smoke stacks (chimneys)
the computed fundamental period ( T ) of the
and other vertical cantilever projections
building without the lower bound limit on
attached to buildings and projecting above the
design seismic force specified in 7.8.2.
roof, shall be designed and checked for stability
There shall be no drift limit for single storey for five times the design horizontal seismic
building which has been designed to coefficient Ah specified in 6.4.2. In the analysis of
accommodate storey drift. the building, the weight of these projecting
elements will be lumped with the roof weight.
7.11.2 Deformation Compatibility of Non-Seismic
Members 7.12.2.2 Horizontal projection
For building located in seismic Zones IV and V, All horizontal projections like cornices and
it shall be ensured that the structural balconies shall be designed and checked for
components, that are not a part of the seismic stability for five times the design vertical

27
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

coefficient specified in 6.4.5 (that is = 10/3 Ah). 7.12.4 Connections Between Parts
All parts of the building, except between the
7.12.2.3 The increased design forces specified
separation sections, shall be tied together to act
in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 are only for designing
the projecting parts and their connections with as integrated single unit. All connections
between different parts, such as beams to
the main structures. For the design of the main
columns and columns to their footings, should
structure, such increase need not be considered.
be made capable of transmitting a force, in all
7.12.3 Compound Walls possible directions, of magnitude ( Qi/Wi ) times
but not less than 0.05 times the weight of the
Compound walls shall be designed for the smaller part or the total of dead and imposed
design horizontal coefficient Ah with load reaction. Frictional resistance shall not be
importance factor I = 1.0 specified in 6.4.2. relied upon for fulfilling these requirements.

28
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

ANNEX A
( Foreword )

© Government of India, Copyright Year 2001.

Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveryor General of India.
The responsibility for the correctness of internal details rests with the publisher.
The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate
base line.
The administrative headquarters of Chandigarh, Haryana and Punjab are at Chandigarh.
The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Prades, Assam and Meghalaya shown on this map are as interpreted
from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, but have yet to be verified.
The external boundaries and coastlines of India agree with the Record/Master Copy certified by Survey of India.

29
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

ANNEX D
( Foreword and Clause 3.15 )

COMPREHENSIVE INTENSITY SCALE (MSK 64)

The scale was discussed generally at the inter- d) Intensity Scale
governmental meeting convened by UNESCO
in April 1964. Though not finally approved the 1. Not noticeable — The intensity of the
scale is more comprehensive and describes the vibration is below the limits of sensibility;
intensity of earthquake more precisely. The the tremor is detected and recorded by
main definitions used are followings; seismograph only.

a) Type of Structures ( Buildings ) 2. Scarcely noticeable ( very slight ) —

Vibration is felt only by individual people
Type A — Building in field-stone, rural at rest in houses, especially on upper floors
structures, unburnt-brick of buildings.
houses, clay houses.
3. Weak, partially observed only — The
Type B — Ordinary brick buildings, earthquake is felt indoors by a few people,
buildings of large block and outdoors only in favourable circumstances.
prefabricated type, half The vibration is like that due to the
timbered structures, buildings passing of a light truck. Attentive
in natural hewn stone. observers notice a slight swinging of
hanging objects, somewhat more heavily
Type C — Reinforced buildings, well on upper floors.
built wooden structures.
b) Definition of Quantity: 4. Largely observed — The earthquake is felt
indoors by many people, outdoors by few.
Single, few About 5 percent Here and there people awake, but no one is
frightened. The vibration is like that due
Many About 50 percent to the passing of a heavily loaded truck.
Windows, doors, and dishes rattle. Floors
Most About 75 percent and walls crack. Furniture begins to
shake. Hanging objects swing slightly.
c) Classification of Damage to Buildings Liquid in open vessels are slightly
disturbed. In standing motor cars the
Grade 1 Slight damage Fine cracks in shock is noticeable.
plaster; fall of small
pieces of plaster. 5. Awakening
Grade 2 Moderate Small cracks in i) The earthquake is felt indoors by all,
damage plaster; fall of fairly outdoors by many. Many people
large pieces of plaster, awake. A few run outdoors. Animals
pantiles slip off; cracks become uneasy. Building tremble
in chimneys parts of throughout. Hanging objects swing
chimney fall down. considerably. Pictures knock against
walls or swing out of place.
Grade 3 Heavy damage Large and deep
Occasionally pendulum clocks stop.
cracks in plaster; fall
Unstable objects overturn or shift.
of chimneys.
Open doors and windows are thrust
Grade 4 Destruction Gaps in walls; parts open and slam back again. Liquids
of buildings may spill in small amounts from well-filled
collapse; separate open containers. The sensation of
parts of the buildings vibration is like that due to heavy
lose their cohesion; objects falling inside the buildings.
and inner walls
collapse. ii) Slight damages in buildings of Type A
are possible.
Grade 5 Total damage Total collapse of the
buildings. iii) Sometimes changes in flow of springs.

33
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

6. Frightening iii) Small landslips in hollows and on

banked roads on steep slopes; cracks
i) Felt by most indoors and outdoors.
in ground upto widths of several
Many people in buildings are
centimetres. Water in lakes become
frightened and run outdoors. A few
turbid. New reservoirs come into
persons loose their balance. Domestic
existence. Dry wells refill and existing
animals run out of their stalls. In few
wells become dry. In many cases,
instances, dishes and glassware may
change in flow and level of water is
break, and books fall down. Heavy
observed.
furniture may possibly move and
small steeple bells may ring. 9. General damage of buildings
ii) Damage of Grade 1 is sustained in i) General panic; considerable damage to
single buildings of Type B and in furniture. Animals run to and fro in
many of Type A. Damage in few confusion, and cry.
buildings of Type A is of Grade 2. ii) Many buildings of Type C suffer
iii) In few cases, cracks up to widths of damage of Grade 3, and a few of Grade
1 cm possible in wet ground; in 4. Many buildings of Type B show a
mountains occasional landslips; damage of Grade 4 and a few of Grade
change in flow of springs and in level 5. Many buildings of Type A suffer
of well water are observed. damage of Grade 5. Monuments and
7. Damage of buildings columns fall. Considerable damage to
reservoirs; underground pipes partly
i) Most people are frightened and run broken. In individual cases, railway
outdoors. Many find it difficult to lines are bent and roadway damaged.
stand. The vibration is noticed by
iii) On flat land overflow of water, sand
persons driving motor cars. Large
and mud is often observe. Ground
bells ring.
cracks to widths of up to 10 cm, on
ii) In many buildings of Type C damage slopes and river banks more than
of Grade 1 is caused; in many 10 cm. Further more, a large number
buildings of Type B damage is of of slight cracks in ground; falls of rock,
Grade 2. Most buildings of Type A many land slides and earth flows;
suffer damage of Grade 3, few of large waves in water. Dry wells renew
Grade 4. In single instances, their flow and existing wells dry up.
landslides of roadway on steep slopes; 10. General destruction of buildings
crack in roads; seams of pipelines
i) Many buildings of Type C suffer
damaged; cracks in stone walls.
damage of Grade 4, and a few of Grade
iii) Waves are formed on water, and is 5. Many buildings of Type B show
made turbid by mud stirred up. damage of Grade 5. Most of Type A
Water levels in well change, and the have destruction of Grade 5. Critical
flow of springs changes. Some times damage to dykes and dams. Severe
dry springs have their flow resorted damage to bridges. Railway lines are
and existing springs stop flowing. In bent slightly. Underground pipes are
isolated instances parts of sand and bent slightly. Underground pipes are
gravelly banks slip off. bent or broken. Road paving and
8. Destruction of buildings asphalt show waves.
i) Fright and panic; also persons ii) In ground, cracks up to widths of
driving motor cars are disturbed. several centimetres, sometimes up to
Here and there branches of trees 1 m. Parallel to water courses occur
break off. Even heavy furniture broad fissures. Loose ground slides
moves and partly overturns. Hanging from steep slopes. From river banks
lamps are damaged in part. and steep coasts, considerable
ii) Most buildings of Type C suffer landslides are possible. In coastal
damage of Grade 2,and few of Grade areas, displacement of sand and mud;
3. Most buildings of Type B suffer change of water level in wells; water
damage of Grade 3. Most buildings of from canals, lakes, rivers, etc, thrown
Type A suffer damage of Grade 4. on land, New lakes occur.
Occasional breaking of pipe seams. 11. Destruction
Memorials and monuments move and i) Severe damage even to well built
twist. Tombstones overturn. Stone buildings, bridges, water dams and
walls collapse. railway lines. Highways become useless

34
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Underground pipes destroyed. ground are greatly damaged or destroyed.

ii) Ground considerably distorted by broad ii) The surface of the ground is radically
cracks and fissures, as well as changed. Considerable ground cracks
movement in horizontal and vertical with extensive vertical and horizontal
directions. Numerous landslips and movements are observed. Falling of rock
falls of rocks. The intensity of the and slumping of river banks over wide
earthquake requires to be investigated areas, lakes are dammed; waterfalls
specifically. appear and rivers are deflected. The
12. Landscape changes intensity of the earthquake requires to be
i) Practically all structures above and below investigated specially.

ANNEX E
( Foreword )
ZONE FACTORS FOR SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS

Town Zone Zone Factor, Z Town Zone Zone Factor, Z

Agra III 0.16 Chitradurga II 0.10
Ahmedabad III 0.16 Coimbatore III 0.16
Ajmer II 0.10 Cuddalore II 0.24
Allahabad II 0.10 Cuttack III 0.16
Almora IV 0.24 Darbhanga V 0.36
Ambala IV 0.24 Darjeeling IV 0.24
Amritsar IV 0.24 Dharwad III 0.16
Asansol III 0.16 Dehra Dun IV 0.24
Aurangabad II 0.10 Dharampuri III 0.16
Bahraich IV 0.24 Delhi IV 0.24
Bangalore II 0.10 Durgapur III 0.16
Barauni IV 0.24 Gangtok IV 0.24
Bareilly III 0.16 Guwahati V 0.36
Belgaum III 0.16 Goa III 0.16
Bhatinda III 0.16 Gulbarga II 0.10
Bhilai II 0.10 Gaya III 0.16
Bhopal II 0.10 Gorakhpur IV 0.24
Bhubaneswar III 0.16 Hyderabad II 0.10
Bhuj V 0.36 Imphal V 0.36
Bijapur III 0.16 Jabalpur III 0.16
Bikaner III 0.16 Jaipur II 0.10
Bokaro III 0.16 Jamshedpur II 0.10
Bulandshahr IV 0.24 Jhansi II 0.10
Burdwan III 0.16 Jodhpur II 0.10
Cailcut III 0.16 Jorhat V 0.36
Chandigarh IV 0.24 Kakrapara III 0.16
Chennai III 0.16 Kalapakkam III 0.16

35
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

Town Zone Zone Factor, Z Town Zone Zone Factor, Z

Kanchipuram III 0.16 Pondicherry II 0.10
Kanpur III 0.16 Pune III 0.16
Karwar III 0.16 Raipur II 0.10
Kohima V 0.36 Rajkot III 0.16
Kolkata III 0.16 Ranchi II 0.10
Kota II 0.10 Roorkee IV 0.24
Kurnool II 0.10 Rourkela II 0.10
Lucknow III 0.16 Sadiya V 0.36
Ludhiana IV 0.24 Salem III 0.16
Madurai II 0.10 Simla IV 0.24
Mandi V 0.36 Sironj II 0.10
Mangalore III 0.16 Solapur III 0.16
Monghyr IV 0.24 Srinagar V 0.36
Morabadad IV 0.24 Surat III 0.16
Mumbai III 0.16 Tarapur III 0.16
Mysore II 0.10 Tezpur V 0.36
Nagpur II 0.10 Thane III 0.16
Thanjavur II 0.10
Nagarjunasagar II 0.10 Thiruvananthapuram III 0.16
Nainital IV 0.24 Tiruchirappali 0.10
II
Nasik III 0.16 Tiruvennamalai III 0.16
Nellore III 0.16 Udaipur II 0.10
Osmanabad III 0.16 Vadodara III 0.16
Panjim III 0.16 Varanasi III 0.16
Patiala III 0.16 Vellore III 0.16
Patna IV 0.24 Vijayawada III 0.16
Pilibhit IV 0.24 Vishakhapatnam II 0.10

36
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

ANNEX F
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39

Organization Representative( s )

In personal capcity ( 72/6 Civil Lines, Roorkee 247667 ) DR A. S. ARYA ( Chairman )

Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd, New Delhi SHRI N. C. ADDY

DR C. KAMESHWARA RAO ( Alternate I )
SHRI A. K. SINGH ( Alternate II )

Building Materials Technology Promotion Council, SHRI T. N. GUPTA

New Delhi SHRI J. K. PRASAD ( Alternate )

Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRI S. K. MITTAL

SHRI V. K. GUPTA ( Alternate )

Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (D)

EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (D) III ( Alternate )

Central Water Commission (ERDD), New Delhi DIRECTOR CMDD (N&W)

DIRECTOR EMBANKMENT (N&W) ( Alternate )

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune SHRI I. D. GUPTA

SHRI S. G. CHAPHALAKAR ( Alternate )

D-CAD Technologies Pvt Ltd, New Delhi DR K. G. BHATIA

Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi DR (SHRIMATI) P. R. BOSE

Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai SHRI P. C. KOTESWAR RAO

SHRI S. RAMANUJAM ( Alternate )

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, PROF ASHOK JAIN

Roorkee

Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DR S. K. THAKKAR

Roorkee, Roorkee DR D. K. PAUL ( Alternate I )
DR S. BASU ( Alternate II )

Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi COL (DR) SHRI PAL
SHRI Y. K. SINGHAL ( Alternate )

Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi DR V. Y. SALPEKAR

SHRI R. K. GROVER ( Alternate )

Gammon India Limited, Mumbai SHRI S. A. REDDI

SHRI A. K. CHATTERJEE ( Alternate I )
SHRI V. N. HAGGADE ( Alternate II )

Geological Survey of India, Lucknow SHRI P. PANDEY

SHRI Y. P. SHARDA ( Alternate )

Housing Urban and Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRI V. ROY

SHRI D. P. SINGH ( Alternate )

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur DR S. K. JAIN

DR C. V. R. MURTY ( Alternate )

Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai DR RAVI SINHA

DR A. GOYAL ( Alternate )

Indian Meterological Department, New Delhi DR S. N. BHATTACARYA

SHRI V. K. MITTAL ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 38 )

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

( Continued from page 37 )

Organization Representatives( s )

Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee SHRI M. K. GUPTA

DR D. K. PAUL ( Alternate )

Larsen and Toubro, Chennai SHRI K. JAYARAMAN

SHRI S. KANAPPAN ( Alternate )

Maharashtra Engineering Research Centre (MERI), Nasik SHRI R. L. DAMANI

SHRI S. V. KUMARA SWAMY ( Alternate )

Ministry of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRI N. K. SINHA

SHRI R. S. NINAN ( Alternate )

National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Hyderabad SHRI S. C. BHATIA

SHRI M. RAVI KUMER ( Alternate )

National Highway Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI N. K. SINHA

SHRI G. SHARAN ( Alternate )

National Hydro-Electric Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER, CD-III

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRI R. S. BAJAJ

SHRI H. K. RAMKUMAR ( Alternate )

North Eastern Council, Shillong SHRI L. K. GANJU

SHRI A. D. KHARSHING ( Alternate )

Nuclear Power Corporation, Mumbai SHRI U. S. P. VERMA

Railway Board, Ministry of Railways, Lucknow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (B&S)

JOINT DIRECTOR (B&S) CB-1 ( Alternate )

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi SHRI V. THIRUVENDGADAM

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI C. V. VAIDYANATHAN

DR B. SIVARAM SARMA ( Alternate )

Tandon Consultants Ltd, New Delhi DR MAHESH TANDON

SHRI VINAY GUPTA ( Alternate )

Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai SHRI K. V. SUBRAMANIAN

SHRI M. K. S. YOGI ( Alternate )

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun SHRI SURINDER KUMAR

In personal capacity ( E-53, Kapil Vihar, Faridabad ) SHRI P. L. NARULA

BIS Directorate General SHRI S. K. JAIN, Director & Head (Civ Engg)
[Representing Director General ( Ex-officio )]

Member-Secretary
SHRI S. CHATURVEDI
Joint Director (Civ Engg), BIS

Earthquake Resistant Construction Subcommittee, CED 39 : 1

In personal capacity ( 72/6 Civil Lines, Roorkee 247667 ) DR A. S. ARYA ( Convener )

Building Material Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi SHRI T. N. GUPTA

SHRI J. K. PRASAD ( Alternate )

Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRI M. P. JAISINGH

SHRI V. K. GUPTA ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 39 )

38
 IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002

( Continued from page 38 )

Organization Representative( s )

Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OF WORKS (NDZ)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (D) ( Alternate )

Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi DR (SHRIMATI) P. R. BOSE

Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DR S. K. THAKKAR

Roorkee, Roorkee DR D. K. PAUL ( Alternate )

Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (DESIGN)

Housing and Urban Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRI B. K. CHAKRABORTY

SHRI D. P. SINGH ( Alternate )

Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhi SHRI M. KUNDU

Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai DR ALOK GOYAL

DR RAVI SINHA ( Alternate )

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur DR SUDHIR K. JAIN

DR C. V. R. MURTY ( Alternate )

North Eastern Council, Shillong SHRI D. N. GHOSAI

Public Works Department, Government of Himachal Pradesh, SHRI V. KAPUR

Simla SHRI V. K. KAPOOR ( Alternate )

Public Works Department, Government of Jammu & Kashmir SHRI G. M. SHOUNTHU

Public Works Department, Government of Assam, Guwahati SHRI SUBRATA CHAKRAVARTY

Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat, Gandhi Nagar SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN)

Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow JOINT DIRECTOR STDS (B&S)/CB-1
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR STDS (B&S)/CB-II
( Alternate )

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI C. V. VAIDYANATHAN

SHRI B. SIVARAMA SARMA ( Alternate )

Tandon Consultants Pvt Ltd, Delhi DR MAHESH TANDON

SHRI VINAY GUPTA ( Alternate )

Maps Subcommittee, CED 39 : 4

In personal capacity ( E-53 Kapil Vihar, Faridabad ) SHRI P. L. NARULA ( Convener )

BRIG K. K. GUPTA ( Alternate )

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune DIRECTOR

SHRI I. D. GUPTA ( Alternate )

Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DR S. BASU

Roorkee, Roorkee DR ASHWANI KUMAR ( Alternate )

Indian Meterological Department, New Delhi DR S. N. BHATTACHARYA

SHRI V. K. MITTAL ( Alternate )

Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Oil and Natural Gas DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER
Commission, Dehra Dun SUPERINTENDING GEOPHYSICIST ( Alternate )

National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Hyderabad SHRI S. C. BHATIA

DR B. K. RASTOGI ( Alternate )

Survey of India, Dehra Dun SHRI G. M. LAL

39
Bureau of Indian Standards
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CED 39 (5341).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 January 2005

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